JP2019075881A - Power generation system for floating body structure, power generation method in floating body structure, and piping for power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power generation system for a floating body structure, a power generation method in a floating body structure, and piping for power generation, which can obtain electrical energy from thermal energy by generating electricity using a thermoelectric conversion element that generates electricity using the temperature difference due to the Seebeck effect, in the piping that transports a low temperature material and/or a high temperature material which can be used in a floating body structure such as a ship by using one or both of them.SOLUTION: A floating body structure provided with a power generation pipe 10 for passing a fluid F to be transferred from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature generates electricity by flowing the fluid F into a first flow passage 11a inside the power generation pipe 10, using a thermoelectric conversion element 20 provided in the power generation pipe 10, and using the temperature difference between the fluid F and an external A in a floating body structure that generates electricity using heat transfer between the fluid F and the external A in the power generation pipe 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation system for a floating structure, a power generation method for a floating structure, and piping for power generation, and more particularly, to a floating structure such as a ship and a floating marine oil and gas production storage and offloading facility (FPSO). BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a power generation system for a floating structure, a power generation method for the floating structure, and piping for power generation.

  Floating structures such as liquefied gas carriers and floating marine oil and gas production storage and delivery facilities are equipped with storage tanks for storing liquefied gas such as LNG (liquefied natural gas), and heat protection is applied to the liquefied gas liquid line. The external heat of intrusion prevents the liquefied gas in the liquid line from evaporating. These floating structures deal with liquids at very low temperatures (about -162 ° C. for LNG) and handle hot exhaust gases (about 200-350 ° C.) discharged from the engine.

  On the other hand, it has been considered to use liquefied gas, such as liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied hydrogen and the like, which is clean, as fuel for the propulsion system, in accordance with tighter regulation of exhaust gas emitted from an engine. In ships using this liquefied gas as a fuel for the propulsion system, for example, a liquefied gas carrier or a liquefied gas fueled ship, low-temperature liquefied gas is heated to a normal temperature and burned based on the properties of the fuel gas required by the propulsion system. ing. For heating the liquefied gas, a heating medium such as steam, hot water or glycol water is used using a forced vaporizer or a heater.

  However, when liquefied gas is used as fuel, the cold heat of the liquefied gas obtained by the forced vaporizer or the heater is discarded without being effectively used as it is. In addition, although the thermal energy of the high temperature exhaust gas obtained by burning the liquefied gas is also recovered to a certain extent, it can not be said that it has been sufficiently used effectively.

  In addition, in the floating structure such as a ship, it is generally difficult to secure a space for newly arranging a large device, and there is also a problem that the tolerance is narrow against an increase in weight. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid mounting a device that has a large volume or weight. Therefore, it is conceivable to obtain electric energy from the thermoelectric conversion element by devising the piping and utilizing the thermal energy of cold of the liquefied gas and the thermal energy of high temperature of the exhaust gas.

  In relation to this, an exhaust gas utilizing power generation apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 1) in which a thermoelectric conversion element is disposed on the inner wall surface of the outer frame member which can be fitted inside the tubular structure in which the exhaust gas passage is formed. There has been proposed a thermoelectric generator (see, for example, Patent Document 2) in which a heat insulating member is interposed between a heat collecting fin projecting into a gas pipe and a thermoelectric module.

  In addition, a thermoelectric generation element is provided on the surface of the pipe via a jig which is disposed on the surface of the pipe and which is made of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of the pipe, and this jig A method of installing a thermoelectric generation element on a pipe that maintains the temperature of the thermoelectric generation element within the heat resistant temperature range by securing the plane on which the element is installed and adjusting the amount of heat transfer to the thermoelectric generation element (for example, Patent Document 3) Reference etc. are proposed.

  Furthermore, a polyhedron-shaped container having a flat surface to which the thermoelectric conversion module is attached to at least a part of the outer surface, the heat source fluid flowing around the piping is filled with heat from the heat source fluid flowing in the container. A thermoelectric power generation system (see, for example, Patent Document 4) that transmits a heat transfer medium to a thermoelectric conversion module has also been proposed.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2012-10459 JP, 2014-195378, A JP, 2015-5615, A JP, 2012-65418, A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and the purpose thereof is to utilize a low temperature substance and / or a high temperature substance which can be used in a floating body structure such as a ship. The power generation system for a floating structure and the power generation method in a floating structure, wherein electric energy can be obtained from thermal energy by generating electricity with a thermoelectric conversion element that generates electricity using a temperature difference due to the Seebeck effect in piping that transports And providing a piping for power generation.

  A power generation system for a floating body structure to achieve the above object is a floating body structure provided with a pipe for passing a fluid for transitioning from a low temperature to a high temperature or from a high temperature to a low temperature, the fluid in the pipe A power generation system in a floating body structure that generates electric power using heat transfer between the fuel cell and the outside, wherein the piping includes a first flow path through which the fluid passes inside, a space between the fluid and the outside The thermoelectric conversion element is configured to generate power using a power generation pipe including a thermoelectric conversion element that generates power using a temperature difference.

  According to this configuration, the temperature of the fluid is generated by using the power generation piping provided with the thermoelectric conversion element, for example, by utilizing the thermal energy of the fluid whose temperature is changed by vaporization of the LNG fuel, cooling of the exhaust gas, etc. It is possible to reduce the load on the devices such as the heat energy required for change and the heat exchanger for temperature change, to reduce the size of the devices, and to make the devices themselves unnecessary. Furthermore, since electricity is generated by piping, it is only necessary to change the piping to a power generation piping equipped with a thermoelectric conversion element, and the devices can use the devices of the prior art as they are.

  In the power generation system for floating structure described above, in the liquefied gas piping system for vaporizing or heating the liquefied gas, the first flow of the power generation piping provided between the storage tank for the liquefied gas and the vaporizer. The liquefied gas is vaporized by supplying the heat to the liquefied gas while supplying the liquefied gas to the passage and generating heat by the thermoelectric conversion element using the cold heat of the liquefied gas flowing in the first flow passage. Alternatively, if it is configured to promote heating, the piping provided between the storage tank for the liquefied gas and the vaporizer can be replaced with a piping for power generation equipped with a thermoelectric conversion element. Since the vaporization can be promoted, there is no need to newly install a large heat exchanger or thermoelectric generator, and it can be easily applied to the case where a conventional liquefied gas vaporization or heating device is used. Also, the heating energy required by the vaporizer or heater can be reduced.

  Further, in the power generation system for a floating structure described above, the piping for power generation is a steam generated by exhaust heat of exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine or a fuel cell, or heated hot water or heat medium oil. The liquefied gas is provided by providing a second flow path through which a second fluid flows and supplying heat to the liquefied gas while flowing the second fluid through the second flow path to generate power by the thermoelectric conversion element. Needs to be provided with high-temperature heat source piping that is the second flow path for flowing the second fluid that is the steam generated by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas or the heated hot water or heat medium oil. However, the vaporization of the liquefied gas can be further promoted by utilizing the heat of the second fluid only by flowing it into the power generation pipe provided with the thermoelectric conversion element, so that more efficient power generation can be achieved.

  In the power generation system for floating structure described above, the exhaust gas piping system for exhausting the exhaust gas to the atmosphere, from the generator of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine or the external combustion engine or the fuel cell to the exhaust discharge port The exhaust gas is allowed to flow through the first flow path of the power generation pipe provided therebetween, and the heat is generated by the thermoelectric conversion element using the heat of the exhaust gas flowing through the first flow path, When configured to cool the gas, since the thermal energy of the exhaust gas can be recovered and generated when the high temperature exhaust gas is cooled, the fuel consumption for power generation can be reduced.

  In the above power generation system for floating structure, in the cooling water piping system for circulating the cooling water, at least one of the engine and the auxiliary equipment is provided in the first flow path of the power generation piping provided in the circulation path of the cooling water. A floating body configured to cool the cooling water while flowing the cooling water after being cooled and generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element using the heat of the cooling water flowing through the first flow path. When cooling cooling water such as engine cooling water used in a structure, power is generated while reducing the amount of heat required for cooling with the above-described power generation piping, and thermal energy of the cooling water is efficiently recovered to generate power Since it can be done, the fuel consumption for power generation can be reduced more.

  And the floating body structure for achieving said objective is comprised including said electric power generation system for floating body structures. According to this configuration, the above effects can be exhibited.

  And the power generation method in the floating body structure for achieving the above-mentioned object is the floating body structure provided with piping for power generation which passes the fluid made to shift from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature. A power generation method for a floating body structure that generates electric power using heat transfer between the fluid and the outside in a power generation pipe, wherein the fluid is allowed to flow through a first flow passage inside the power generation pipe, The method is characterized in that electric power is generated by using a temperature difference between the fluid and the outside by a thermoelectric conversion element provided in a pipe.

  According to this method, it is possible to use, as the fluid, liquefied gas such as LNG present in the floating structure or exhaust gas, and in this case, power generation is performed using cold energy of the liquefied gas or thermal energy of the exhaust gas. be able to. As a result, it is possible to reduce the use of the heat source for forced vaporization of the liquefied gas and recover the thermal energy of the exhaust gas.

  In order to achieve the above object, the power generation pipe of the present invention is disposed in a floating structure, and in the floating structure, a fluid that needs to be transferred from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature In the power generation piping which passes through, the thermoelectric conversion is performed by utilizing the temperature difference between the fluid passing surface through which the fluid passes and heat exchange with the fluid, and the temperature difference between the fluid and the outside A piping member comprising an element disposition surface on which the element is disposed, and a moving heat amount adjusting surface for performing heat exchange with the outside to adjust the amount of heat received from the outside or the amount of heat radiated to the outside There is.

  The moving heat adjustment surface is a surface in which the piping member connecting the fluid passage surface and the element disposition surface in the piping member is in contact with the outside, and includes the area of the internal space of the piping member from the outer surface of the piping member. It is the surface which excluded the part (element arrangement | positioning arrangement | positioning surface) where the thermoelectric conversion element is arrange | positioned from all the non surface. The moving heat adjustment surface includes the surface which is continuous with the element disposition surface as long as the portion where the thermoelectric conversion element is not disposed.

  According to this configuration, since the moving heat adjustment surface for adjusting the amount of heat received from the outside or the amount of heat released from the outside is provided by exchanging heat with the outside, the area or the shape facing the outside is merely changed. The amount of heat transfer for power generation between the fluid and the thermoelectric conversion element, and the amount of heat transfer to the outside between the fluid not passing through the thermoelectric conversion element and the outside can be easily changed and adjusted. As a result, the temperature of the element disposition surface of the thermoelectric conversion element can be adjusted.

  The area or shape facing the outside of the moving heat adjustment surface can be a fixed area or shape when the variation of the heat transfer amount such as the amount of fluid passing through the inside or the temperature outside is small. On the other hand, when the variation in the amount of heat transfer is large, the heat transfer area or the shape is changed by the temperature using, for example, a configuration that changes with the temperature of shape memory alloy, bimetal, etc. The amount of movement and the amount of heat transfer can be adjusted.

  Further, the area (surface area) facing the outside of the moving heat adjustment surface can be easily increased not only by the addition of fins but also by providing small irregularities or holes in the moving heat adjustment surface. it can.

  In the above-described power generation pipe, the pipe member is covered with a first pipe member formed in a cylindrical shape having the fluid passage surface, and a part or all of the outer surface of the first pipe member, Since the existing piping can be used as the first piping member when it is configured to have the second piping member provided with the surface and the moving heat amount adjusting surface, the first piping member There is no need to redesign or manufacture.

  In the above power generation piping, when the second piping member is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first piping member, the heat transfer amount between the first piping member and the second piping member is It is possible to increase the amount of heat transfer for power generation between the second piping member and the thermoelectric conversion element, and the amount of heat transfer for temperature adjustment between the second piping member and the outside, The efficiency can be increased, and the area of the moving heat adjustment surface can be reduced.

  In the above-described power generation pipe, a distance changing mechanism for changing a distance between the element disposition surface and the fluid passage surface for adjusting a temperature in the element disposition surface, or a heat conduction area in a moving heat amount adjustment surface The temperature of the thermoelectric conversion element disposed on the element disposition surface can be relatively easily set within the heat resistant temperature range, and the power generation efficiency and the temperature adjustment of the fluid are provided. You will also be able to fine tune.

  In the above-described power generation piping, a hull side heat transfer member is disposed on the opposite side to the element disposition surface of the thermoelectric conversion element disposed on the element disposition surface, and the hull side heat transfer member is disposed. When attached to the hull of the floating structure directly or indirectly and configured to exchange heat between the heat transfer member on the hull side and the hull, the periphery of the floating structure is usually seawater or lake water. Because it is surrounded by water, etc., there is little change in the temperature of the ship, and a large amount of heat transfer can be tolerated, so supply of heat to heat the LNG, heat release to cool the exhaust gas, etc. It is very convenient to use for

  In the above-described power generation pipe, an external heat transfer member is disposed on the opposite side to the element disposition surface of the thermoelectric conversion element disposed on the element disposition surface, and the external heat transfer member When heat exchange is performed with the external side fluid which is a fluid different from the fluid, heat transfer with a large temperature difference between the two fluids can be used for power generation in the thermoelectric conversion element Will be able to generate electricity efficiently.

  According to the power generation system for a floating body structure, the power generation method for a floating body structure, and the power generation pipe of the present invention, power generation is performed using cold energy of liquefied gas such as LNG which has conventionally been discarded and thermal energy of exhaust gas. It can be carried out. Thereby, utilization of the heat source for forced vaporization of LNG can be reduced, and thermal energy of exhaust gas can be recovered, which can contribute to energy saving of the floating body structure.

It is a figure showing typically the composition of the liquefied gas piping system as a power generation system for floating body structures of a 1st embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a figure showing typically the composition of exhaust gas piping system as a power generation system for floating body structures of a 2nd embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a figure showing typically the composition of the cooling water piping system as a power generation system for floating body structures of a 3rd embodiment concerning the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the piping for electric power generation of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically another structure of the piping for electric power generation of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure which provided the cover member in the structure of FIG. 4, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure which provided the cover member in the structure of FIG. 5, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. . It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure which provided the channel | path of the external side fluid in the cover member of FIG. 6, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure which provided the channel | path of the external side fluid in the cover member of FIG. 7, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the structure of the piping for electric power generation of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a figure which shows a cross section. It is a figure for explanation showing change of distance of a thermoelectric conversion element and a fluid passage side. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the piping for electric power generation which comprised some piping members by lamination | stacking of lamination | stacking members. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the piping for electric power generation comprised with the fin member which can attach or detach a part of piping member. It is a figure for description which shows the change of the average distance of the thermoelectric conversion element and fluid passage surface by changing the flow path of a piping member. It is an explanatory view for explaining a thermoelectric conversion element. It is a figure which shows typically the relationship of the temperature difference and output in a thermoelectric conversion element.

  Hereinafter, a power generation system for a floating body structure, a power generation method for the floating body structure, and a power generation pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Although a liquefied gas piping system, an exhaust gas piping system, and a cooling water piping system are described as examples of application of the power generation system for a floating body structure, other systems may be used.

  In addition, here, a liquefied gas carrier will be described as an example of the floating body structure. However, the present invention is not limited to this liquefied gas carrier, and other liquefied gas carriers, vessels equipped with liquefied gas fuel tanks, floating bodies with liquefied gas fuel tanks, or floating bodies with liquefied gas storage facilities It is applicable also to the floating body structure provided with liquefied gas storage facilities, such as a structure.

  For example, specific floating body structures include FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading System), FSO (Floating Storage and Offloading System), and floating marine oil and gas storage products. Equipment), FSRU (Floating Storage Regasification Unit), FSU (Floating Storage Unit), FLNG (Floating LNG).

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the power generation systems 40, 50, and 60 according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention shift from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature. A floating body structure provided with a pipe 10 for passing a fluid F (in the first embodiment, a liquefied gas), heat transfer between the liquefied gas (= fluid) F and the outside A in the pipe 10 Power generation system in a floating body structure that generates electric power by using the pipe 10, the first flow path 11a through which the liquefied gas F passes inside, and the temperature difference between the liquefied gas F and the outside A The thermoelectric conversion element 20 is configured to generate power using the power generation pipe 10 including the thermoelectric conversion element 20 that generates power.

  More specifically, the liquefied gas piping system 40 as the power generation system for a floating structure according to FIG. 1 is a liquefied gas piping system 40 that vaporizes the liquefied gas F. In the liquefied gas piping system 40, the liquefied gas F is used. The liquefied gas F is supplied to the power generation piping 10 provided between the storage tank 41 and the vaporizer (forced vaporizer) 44, and the thermoelectric conversion is performed using the cold heat of the liquefied gas F flowing through the first flow path 11a. By supplying heat to the liquefied gas F while generating electric power by the element 20, the vaporization of the liquefied gas F is promoted.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquefied gas F such as LNG is sent from the storage tank 41 to the power generation piping 10 by the pump 42, and the thermoelectric conversion element 20 generates power. The liquefied gas F which has obtained a part of the vaporization heat by the power generation piping 10 receives the heat from the heating source 43, is vaporized by the vaporizer 44, is gasified, and consumes the gas consumption device of the propulsion system (internal combustion engine or boiler Or fuel cell 45 to burn or generate electricity.

  On the other hand, the electric power E obtained by the power generation of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 of the power generation pipe 10 is stored in the battery 21. The stored power E is supplied to the inboard power grid 23 via the DC / AC converter 22 as necessary. Alternatively, the generated electric power E may be supplied directly to the inboard power grid 23, or may be supplied to nearby power consuming equipment (equipment, sensor, etc.) as an independent power supply source separated from the inboard power grid 23. .

  According to this configuration, in the conventional liquefied gas piping system, the piping provided between the storage tank 41 of the liquefied gas F and the vaporizer 44 is replaced with the power generation piping 10 provided with the thermoelectric conversion element 20. As the vaporization of the liquefied gas F can be promoted only by doing this, there is no need to newly install a large heat exchanger or thermal power generator, and it can be easily applied even when using a conventional liquefied gas piping system . Moreover, the heating energy required by the vaporizer 44 can be reduced.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the steam generated by exhaust heat of the exhaust gas G generated by consuming the liquefied gas F by the gas consuming device 45 in the power generation piping 10 or the heated hot water or heat medium oil By providing the second flow path 14 for flowing the second fluid F2 and supplying the heat to the liquefied gas F while flowing the second fluid F2 to the second flow path 14 to generate electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element 20, the liquefied gas It is configured to promote the vaporization of F. By transmitting a part of the exhaust heat energy of the exhaust gas G to the power generation pipe 10 via the high temperature heat source pipe 47 and the exhaust heat energy source 46, the amount of power generation in the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is increased.

  That is, in the liquefied gas piping system 40 that vaporizes the liquefied gas F, steam generated by exhaust heat of the exhaust gas G generated by consuming the liquefied gas F as the fluid F and using the liquefied gas F as the external side fluid F2 is heated By supplying heat to the liquefied gas F while generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element 20 in the power generation piping 10 using the first fluid F2 which is hot water or heat medium oil, vaporization of the liquefied gas as the fluid F Promote.

  According to this configuration, although it is necessary to provide the high temperature heat source pipe 47, the vaporization of the liquefied gas F can be promoted only by forming the pipe with the above-mentioned pipe 10 for floating body structure, so that power can be generated more efficiently. become able to. The exhaust gas G may be an exhaust gas obtained by burning a fuel other than LNG. Furthermore, the heat source on the high temperature side may not necessarily be exhaust gas or steam generated from the high temperature heat source, and may be heat exchange with the surrounding air (atmosphere). Practically, there is a high possibility of using ambient air as this high temperature side.

  Next, an exhaust gas piping system 50 as a power generation system for a floating structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 will be described. The exhaust gas piping system 50 is an exhaust gas piping system for exhausting the exhaust gas G (= fluid F) discharged from the combustor (internal combustion engine or external combustion engine or fuel cell) 51 into the atmosphere, and this exhaust gas piping system 50 In the gas piping system 50, the exhaust gas G is used as the fluid F, and the exhaust gas G as the fluid F is cooled while generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element 20 in the power generation piping 10. When the second flow passage 14 is provided, the exhaust gas G may be the fluid F at the high temperature side heat source, and the second fluid F2 at the low temperature side heat source may be air, cooling water (clean water, seawater), or heat medium oil. . In addition, ambient air (atmosphere) may be used as the low temperature side heat source.

  According to the exhaust gas piping system 50, when the high temperature exhaust gas G (fluid F) is cooled, the thermal energy of the exhaust gas G can be recovered to generate electric power, so the fuel consumption for power generation can be reduced. Can.

  Next, a cooling water piping system 60 as a power generation system for a floating structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 will be described. The cooling water piping system 60 as shown in FIG. 3 is a cooling water piping system 60 for circulating the cooling water W (fluid F), and this cooling water piping system 60 is provided in the circulation path of the cooling water F (W). The cooling water F (W) after cooling at least one of the engine 61 and the auxiliary equipment flows in the first flow passage 11a of the power generation piping 10, and the cooling water F (W) flowing in the first flow passage 11a The cooling water F (W) is configured to be cooled while generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element 20 using the heat of

  In the configuration of FIG. 3, the cooling water F is sent to the engine 61 by the cooling water pump 63, and the cooling water W of the engine 61 is sent to the fresh water cooler 62. The power generation piping 10 is provided in the passage. And by this composition, it is constituted so that cooling water W as fluid F may be cooled, using engine cooling water W as fluid F, generating electricity by thermoelectric conversion element 20 with piping 10 for electricity generation. In addition, the cooling water temperature after cylinder cooling of the engine 61 is about 70 degreeC-90 degreeC for reference.

  According to this configuration, when cooling the cooling water W, such as engine cooling water, used in the floating body structure, power is generated while reducing the amount of heat required for cooling in the above-described power generation pipe 10, and the cooling water W Since it is possible to efficiently recover thermal energy and generate power, it is possible to further reduce fuel consumption for power generation.

  And the floating body structure for achieving the above-mentioned purpose is equipped with the liquefied gas vaporization device 40 or the exhaust gas piping system 50 or the cooling water piping system 60 as the above-mentioned power generation system for floating body structures, In other words, any one of the floating body structure power generation systems 40, 50, 60 is provided. According to this configuration, the above effects can be exhibited.

  And the power generation method in the floating body structure of the embodiment according to the present invention is a floating body provided with the power generation piping 10 for passing the fluid F which needs to be shifted from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature. A power generation method for a floating body structure that generates power using heat transfer between the fluid F and the outside A in the power generation piping 10 in the structure, and in this power generation method, the fluid F is contained in the first flow path 11a inside In the method, the thermoelectric conversion element 20 provided in the power generation pipe 10 generates electric power by utilizing the temperature difference between the fluid F and the outside A.

According to this method, the liquefied gas L such as LNG or the exhaust gas G present in the floating structure can be used as the fluid F. In this case, the cold energy of the liquefied gas L or the thermal energy of the exhaust gas G is used Can generate electricity. As a result, the utilization of the heat source for forced vaporization of the liquefied gas L can be reduced, and the thermal energy of the exhaust gas G can be recovered. Next, the above-described power generation systems 40, 50, 60 for floating structure and The power generation piping used in the power generation method in the floating structure will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 9, the power generation piping 10 of the first embodiment according to the present invention is a piping used in the power generation system 40, 50, 60 for the floating body structure described above, and the floating body structure (Not shown), and in the floating body structure, a fluid F that needs to be transferred from low temperature to high temperature, or a power generation pipe that passes the fluid F that needs to be transferred from high temperature to low temperature is there. The power generation piping 10 is formed of a piping member 11 formed of a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity such as metal.

  In the piping member 11, the fluid F passes through the inside (in the first flow path 11 a), and a fluid passage surface 11 aa which exchanges heat with the fluid F, and a temperature difference between the fluid F and the outside A Heat exchange between the external element A and the element disposition surface 11b on which the thermoelectric conversion element 20 generating electric power is disposed, and the amount of heat transfer Qi from the external A or the amount of heat Qo to the external A It comprises and the adjustment surface 11c.

  The thermoelectric conversion element 20 is a type of thermoelectric element that converts heat and electric power. The thermoelectric conversion element 20 joins two different types of metals or semiconductors, and as shown in FIG. If a temperature difference ΔT is generated in 20b, the Seebeck effect ”generates an electromotive force E between the interconnections 20c due to the Seebeck effect, and power can be generated using this electromotive force E. The relationship between the temperature difference ΔT and the output E is shown in FIG. It can be seen that the output E rapidly increases as the temperature difference ΔT increases. As the thermoelectric conversion element material, bismuth-tellurium (Bi-Te), lead-tellurium (Pb-Te), silicon-germanium (Si-Ge), etc. are used.

  The moving heat adjustment surface 11c is a surface in which the piping member connecting the fluid passage surface 11aa of the first flow path 11a and the element disposition surface 11b in the piping member 11 is in contact with the outside A, and from the surface of the piping member 11 That is, this is a surface excluding the element disposition surface 11 b which is a portion where the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is disposed, from the entire surface not including the area of the internal space of the piping member 11.

  The moving heat adjustment surface 11c is a surface on which the element disposition surface 11b is disposed, and also includes the surface if the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is not disposed. For example, when the pipe member 11 has a cylindrical shape and the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is disposed with the surface of the cylinder as the element disposition surface 11b, the surface of the cylinder on which the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is not disposed is also a moving heat adjustment surface It becomes 11c.

  Further, in this configuration, in the case where the fluid F such as liquefied gas L such as LNG is vaporized and used, the fluid (first fluid) F passing through the inside (first flow passage 11a) of the piping member 11 is In the thermoelectric conversion element 20, the element mounting surface 11b of the piping member 11 is at the low temperature side, and the external A on the opposite side of the piping member 11 is at the high temperature side.

  Then, in order to prevent the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 from becoming too low, heat exchange with the outside A is performed on the moving heat adjustment surface 11c, and the heat receiving amount Qi from the outside A is received. The temperature adjustment 11 b is performed to protect the thermoelectric conversion element 20, and the amount of heat transfer Qg for power generation to the element disposition surface 11 b is adjusted to generate power using the cold heat of the fluid F.

  On the other hand, in the case of cooling the fluid F such as the exhaust gas G after combustion such as liquefied gas L such as LNG, the fluid (first fluid) passing through the inside (first flow passage 11a) of the piping member 11 ) F is a fluid F that needs to be shifted from high temperature to low temperature, the element conversion surface 11b of the piping member 11 of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is on the high temperature side, and the external A on the opposite side of the piping member 11 is on the low temperature side .

  Then, heat exchange with the outside A is performed on the moving heat adjustment surface 11 c so that the thermoelectric conversion element 20 does not become too hot, and the amount of heat release Qo to the outside A is released. The temperature adjustment 11 b is performed to protect the thermoelectric conversion element 20 and to adjust the amount of heat transfer Qg for power generation to the element mounting surface 11 b.

  Then, a distance changing mechanism for changing the distance between the element mounting surface 11b and the fluid passage surface 11aa for adjusting the temperature in the element mounting surface 11b, or an area for changing the heat conduction area in the moving heat adjustment surface 11c. Preferably, it is configured with a change mechanism.

  Normally, it is preferable that the temperature range on the element mounting surface 11b be in the range of -40 ° C to + 150 ° C. When the temperature of the fluid F is in the range of minus 40 ° C. to plus 150 ° C., the element disposition surface 11 b is placed in the first flow passage so that the heat transfer amount Qg for power generation to the thermoelectric conversion element 20 becomes large. It is preferable to make it approach 11a.

  On the other hand, in order to dissipate the heat of the fluid F, it is preferable to use the moving heat adjustment surface 11c as a heat dissipation surface. Further, when the temperature of the fluid F is out of the range of minus 40 ° C. to plus 150 ° C., the temperature of the element disposition surface 11 b falls within this range, and for power generation to the thermoelectric conversion element 20 It is preferable to provide the moving heat adjustment surface 11c so that the heat transfer amount Qg becomes large.

  Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the distance and the area of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c so that the temperature at the element mounting surface 11b can be easily adjusted. As a result, the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element disposition surface 11 b can be easily set within the heat resistant temperature range. In addition, the power generation efficiency and the temperature adjustment of the fluid F can be finely adjusted.

  As an effect of the distance changing mechanism, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, the distance La is adjusted by changing the distance La between the element mounting surface 11b and the fluid passing surface 11aa, and the element mounting surface is adjusted. The temperature of 11 b and the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element disposition surface 11 b can be adjusted.

  In addition, as the configuration of the distance changing mechanism, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the space between the fluid passage surface 11aa of the piping member 11 and the element disposition surface 11b is a laminated structure, and the laminated members 11s are stacked. The distance La between the fluid passage surface 11aa and the element disposition surface 11b can be easily changed, and the side surface 11cs of the laminated member 11s becomes a part of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c, so the distance La and the moving heat adjustment surface 11c can be easily changed. The area Sa of can be changed.

  Further, as an effect of the area changing mechanism, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the heat release amount from the moving heat adjustment surface 11c (or the heat receiving amount) is changed by changing the area Sa of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c. Can be adjusted to adjust the temperature of the element mounting surface 11b and the temperature of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element mounting surface 11b.

  As the configuration of this area changing mechanism, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the number of fins 11 ca to be inserted by making it possible to easily attach fins 11 ca such as heat dissipating fins or heat receiving fins with an insertion structure or the like. By adjusting the above, the area Sa of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c can be easily changed.

  When the cross-sectional shape of the fluid passage surface 11aa is circular, the workability is good. However, the fluid F passing through the inside and the piping member are formed by forming an oval shape, an elliptical shape, a triangle, a quadrangle, a polygon or the like. The contact area (surface area of fluid passage surface 11aa) with 11 can be increased, and the heat exchange amount Qt between the fluid F and the piping member 11 can be increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the cross-sectional shape of the fluid passage surface 11aa is formed to be a cross-sectional shape in which the outer peripheral length is larger than the outer peripheral length of the circle.

  Further, by changing the cross-sectional shape of the fluid passage surface 11aa from (a) circular shape to (b) semicircular shape as shown in FIG. 14, an average between the fluid passage surface 11aa and the element disposition surface 11b The distance can be changed, and the heat transfer amount Qg for power generation can be easily changed.

  The element disposition surface 11 b is a surface for disposing the thermoelectric conversion element 20 which is usually formed on a flat plate, and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 in accordance with the shape of the thermoelectric conversion element 20. , Usually in a planar shape. However, it depends on the shape of the thermoelectric conversion element 20, and is not limited to this plane.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, on the upper side of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 placed on the element disposition surface 11b, or on the upper side of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 inserted in the recess as shown in FIG. A cover member (external heat transfer member) 30 having a high thermal conductivity is provided to protect the surface of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 and to efficiently conduct heat transfer with the outside A through the cover member 30. That is, the cover member 30 is disposed on the opposite side of the element disposition surface 11 b of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element disposition surface 11 b. Further, the heat insulating member 13 is provided between the moving heat adjustment surface 11c on the side of the element disposition surface 11b and the cover member 30, and the heat transfer amount Qc between the moving heat adjustment surface 11c of this portion and the cover member 30 is Reduce.

  Although not shown, the cover member 30 may be provided with fins for heat reception or heat radiation, or irregularities may be provided on the outside of the cover 30 (opposite to the thermoelectric conversion element 20) to increase the surface area. By doing this, the temperature (outside temperature) of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 on the opposite side to the element mounting surface 11 b can be brought close to the temperature of the outside A, and the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 can be increased.

  Furthermore, the above-mentioned cover member 30 is attached to the hull of the floating structure directly or indirectly, and heat exchange is performed between the hull heat transfer member and the hull. That is, in the floating body structure piping 10, the cover member (hull side heat transfer member) 30 is disposed on the opposite side to the element disposition surface 11b of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element disposition surface 11b. The cover member 30 is directly or indirectly attached to the hull of the floating structure, and is configured to exchange heat between the cover member 30 and the hull.

  With this configuration, the floating body structure is usually surrounded by water such as sea water or lake water, so that there is little change in the temperature of the ship, and a large amount of heat transfer can be accepted. The configuration is very convenient for use in supplying heat for heating and for radiating heat for cooling exhaust gas.

  Further, a cover member (external heat transfer member) 30 is disposed on the opposite side to the element placement surface 11b of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 disposed on the element placement surface 11b, and the cover member 30 and fluid When heat exchange is performed with the external side fluid F2 which is a fluid different from F, if the temperature difference between the fluid F and the external side fluid F2 is large, this large temperature difference is used. Thus, the thermoelectric conversion element 20 can be used for power generation, and power can be generated efficiently. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the cover members 30A and 30B are provided with a passage 31 for the outer side fluid F2, and between the outer side fluid F2 passing through the passage 31 and the cover members 30A and 30B. Exchange heat.

  In the power generation piping 10, the heat transfer amount Qg for power generation between the fluid F and the thermoelectric conversion element 20 and the thermoelectric conversion are changed by changing the area and shape of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c facing the outside A. The amount of heat transfer Qo to the outside A between the fluid F and the outside A not via the element 20 can be easily changed and adjusted. As a result, the temperature of the element mounting surface 11 b of the thermoelectric conversion element 20 is adjusted to be within the heat resistant temperature range of the thermoelectric conversion element 20.

  The area and shape of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c facing the outside A are fixed when the amount of heat transfer Qg, Qo, Qi such as the amount of fluid F passing through the inside or the temperature of the outside A is small. It can be an area or a shape. On the other hand, when the heat transfer amounts Qg, Qo and Qi fluctuate greatly, the heat transfer area and shape are changed by temperature using, for example, a configuration that changes with temperature of shape memory alloy, bimetal, etc. The amount of heat transfer Qg for power generation and the amount of heat transfer Qo between the outside can be adjusted.

  More specifically, when the temperature of the bimetal becomes higher than or equal to the preset temperature, it bends and contacts or separates from the other heat transfer surface, resulting in an overall transfer of heat. For example, the heat transfer amount as a whole is changed by changing the thermal area or opening and closing the two heat transfer surfaces which are partially provided with the bimetal.

  Further, the area (surface area) facing the outside of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c can be easily increased not only by adding fins but also by providing small unevenness or providing a hole in the moving heat adjustment surface 11c. be able to.

  Next, a power generation pipe 10A according to a second embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 10 will be described. In the power generation piping 10A, the piping member 12 is covered with a first piping member 121 having a fluid passage surface 11aa and formed in a cylindrical shape, and a part or all of the outer surface of the first piping member 121, It has and comprises the 2nd piping member 122 provided with the surface 11b and the moving calorie | heat amount adjustment surface 11c. Except for this, it is the same as the power generation piping 10 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the piping member 11 can be replaced with the piping member 12 also for the power generation piping 10 of the first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 4 to 9, and similar effects can be exhibited.

  In the power generation piping 10A of this configuration, the existing piping can be used as the first piping member 121. Therefore, it is not necessary to design and manufacture the first piping member 121 again.

  When the second piping member 122 is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first piping member 121 in the power generation piping 10A, the second piping member 122 is located between the first piping member 121 and the second piping member 122. The amount of heat transfer Qa can be increased, and the amount of heat transfer Qg for power generation between the second piping member 122 and the thermoelectric conversion element 20 and the temperature between the second piping member 122 and the outside A The adjustment heat transfer amounts Qo and Qi can be increased, the power generation efficiency can be increased, and the area of the moving heat adjustment surface 11c can be reduced.

  According to the power generation system 40, 50, 60 for a floating body structure, the power generation method for the floating body structure, and the power generation piping 10, 10A according to the above configuration, cold heat or exhaust gas of liquefied gas L such as LNG conventionally discarded Power can be generated using the energy of G. Thereby, utilization of the heat source for forced vaporization can be reduced, and thermal energy of the exhaust gas G can be recovered, which can contribute to energy saving of the ship.

  Also, fluid F is used to shift from low temperature to high temperature, or from high temperature to low temperature, but particularly when using fluid F that needs to be transferred from low temperature to high temperature, or from high temperature to low temperature. The thermal energy required for the temperature transition can be reduced, and the size of the equipment required for the temperature transition can be reduced or eliminated.

10, 10A Power generation piping 11, 12 Piping member 11a 1st flow path 11aa Fluid passage surface 11b Element arrangement surface 11c Moving heat adjustment surface 121 1st piping member 122 2nd piping member 13 Heat insulation member 14 2nd flow passage 20 Thermoelectric Conversion element 20a, 20b End face 20c of thermoelectric conversion element Wiring 21 Battery 22 DC / AC converter 23 Inboard power grid 30, 30A, 30B Cover member (outside heat transfer member)
31 Fluid passage 40 for external side liquefied gas piping system (power generation system for floating structure)
41 Storage tank 42 Pump 43 Heating source 44 Forced vaporizer 45 Gas consumption device 46 Exhaust heat energy supply source 47 High temperature heat source piping 50 Exhaust gas piping system (power generation system for floating structure)
51 Combustor 60 Cooling water piping system (power generation system for floating structure)
61 engine 62 fresh water cooler 63 cooling water pump A external F fluid F 2 external side fluid L liquefied gas G exhaust gas W engine cooling water

Claims (13)

A floating body structure provided with a pipe through which a fluid for transitioning from a low temperature to a high temperature or from a high temperature to a low temperature passes, wherein the floating body structure generates power using heat transfer between the fluid and the outside in the pipe Power generation system in
The thermoelectric generator is provided with a power generation pipe including a first flow path through which the fluid passes inside, and a thermoelectric conversion element that generates power using a temperature difference between the fluid and the outside. A power generation system for a floating structure, characterized by generating power by a conversion element.   A liquefied gas piping system for vaporizing or heating liquefied gas, wherein the liquefied gas is allowed to flow through the first flow path of the power generation piping provided between the storage tank for the liquefied gas and the vaporizer, and The present invention is characterized by promoting vaporization or heating of the liquefied gas by supplying heat to the liquefied gas while generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element using cold heat of the liquefied gas flowing through a flow path. The power generation system for a floating structure according to 1.   The power generation pipe is provided with a second flow path through which a second fluid, which is steam generated by exhaust heat of exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine or a fuel cell, or heated hot water or heat medium oil, flows. And supplying heat to the liquefied gas while supplying the second fluid to the second flow path to generate electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element, thereby promoting vaporization of the liquefied gas. The power generation system for a floating structure according to 2.   An exhaust gas piping system for exhausting exhaust gas to the atmosphere, the above-mentioned power generation piping provided between an exhaust gas discharge device and a device for generating exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine or a fuel cell The exhaust gas is cooled while the electric power is generated by the thermoelectric conversion element using the heat of the exhaust gas flowing in the first flow path while flowing the exhaust gas in one flow path. The power generation system for a floating structure according to claim 1.   In the cooling water piping system for circulating cooling water, the cooling water after cooling at least one of the engine and the auxiliary device is allowed to flow in the first flow path of the power generation piping provided in the cooling water circulation path. The power generation system for a floating structure according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water is cooled while generating electric power by the thermoelectric conversion element using the heat of the cooling water flowing through the first flow path.   A floating body structure comprising the power generation system for a floating body structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A floating body structure provided with a power generation pipe for passing a fluid for transitioning from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature, utilizing heat transfer between the fluid in the power generation pipe and the outside A power generation method for a floating body structure that generates power,
The fluid is caused to flow in a first flow passage inside the power generation pipe, and a thermoelectric conversion element provided in the power generation pipe is used to generate power using a temperature difference between the fluid and the outside. Power generation method in a floating structure. In a power generation pipe disposed in a floating body structure and passing a fluid that needs to be transferred from low temperature to high temperature or from high temperature to low temperature in the floating body structure,
A fluid passage surface through which the fluid passes and which exchanges heat with the fluid;
An element disposition surface on which a thermoelectric conversion element that generates electric power using a temperature difference between the fluid and the outside is provided;
A piping for power generation characterized by comprising a piping member provided with a heat transfer amount adjusting surface for performing heat exchange with the outside to adjust the amount of heat received from the outside or the amount of heat released to the outside.   The first piping member formed in a cylindrical shape having the fluid passage surface and covering a part or all of the outer surface of the first piping member, the element disposition surface and the moving heat amount adjustment surface 9. A power generation pipe according to claim 8, further comprising: a second pipe member provided with the first and second members.   The power generation pipe according to claim 9, wherein the second piping member is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the first piping member.   A distance change mechanism for changing the distance between the element disposition surface and the fluid passage surface, for adjusting the temperature on the element disposition surface, or an area change mechanism for altering the heat conduction area on the moving heat adjustment surface The power generation piping according to any one of claims 8 to 10, comprising:   A hull side heat transfer member is disposed on the opposite side to the element placement surface of the thermoelectric conversion element disposed on the element placement surface, and the hull side heat transfer member is floated directly or indirectly The power generation device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the heat generation member is attached to a hull of a structure so as to exchange heat between the hull heat transfer member and the hull. Plumbing.   An external heat transfer member is disposed on the opposite side to the element disposition surface of the thermoelectric conversion element disposed on the element disposition surface, and a fluid different from the external heat transfer member and the fluid is provided. The pipe for power generation according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein heat is exchanged between the fluid and the external side fluid.

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