JP2019070536A - Gear diagnostic device and gear diagnostic method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a gear diagnostic device and a gear diagnostic method that can accurately diagnose a malfunction of a gear with a simple device configuration.SOLUTION: A gear diagnostic device is a device for diagnosing a state of a gear included in a power transmission mechanism for transmitting a revolution inputted in an input shaft to an output shaft by accelerating or decelerating using the gear. The device comprises: a diagnostic parameters detection unit for detecting diagnostic parameters based on the amplitude of vibration of the gear; a reference parameter detection unit for detecting reference parameters such as the number of revolutions etc. of the gear; a memory unit for memorizing reference data that prescribe the reference values of the diagnostic parameters corresponding to the reference parameters; and a determination unit for determining that the gear has a malfunction when the deviation or ratio of the diagnostic parameters in between measured values and the reference values exceeds a threshold value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a gear diagnostic device and a gear diagnostic method for diagnosing a state of a gear included in a power transmission mechanism that accelerates or decelerates rotation input to an input shaft using a gear and transmits the rotation to an output shaft.

  In a power transmission mechanism using gears such as a reduction gear and a speed increasing gear used for ships and the like, since the component is housed in the casing, it is difficult to visually check the component from the outside. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, the amplitude of vibration is measured for the gear included in the power transmission mechanism, and based on whether the value of the probability density function calculated from the measurement result reaches the reference value, the presence or absence of abnormality or It has been described to identify the place where the abnormality occurred.

JP, 2005-91103, A

  In the above-mentioned patent document 1, in order to evaluate the vibration of the gear, a non-contact sensor such as an acceleration sensor installed on a bearing that supports the gear rotation shaft or an optical sensor for monitoring the gear rotation shaft is used. Also, by calculating the probability density function from these measurement results by advanced arithmetic processing, the presence or absence of an abnormality and the occurrence location are identified. In particular, when such abnormality diagnosis is performed in real time, the processing device is required to have a high processing capability, which may increase the cost and the size of the device.

  Therefore, there is a need to realize such an abnormality diagnosis of the gear with a simple configuration, but in that case, the amplitude characteristic of the vibration of the gear is the output characteristic of the gear to be diagnosed (rotation speed, torque, etc. It is necessary to consider depending on). For example, in the case where the number of revolutions of the gear is high and low, the degree of contribution of the potential abnormality in the gear to the amplitude of vibration is different.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION At least one embodiment of the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a gear diagnosis device and a gear diagnosis method capable of accurately diagnosing an abnormality occurring in a gear with a simple device configuration. .

(1) In order to solve the above problems, the gear diagnosis device according to at least one embodiment of the present invention transmits power to the output shaft by accelerating or decelerating the rotation input to the input shaft using the gear. And a diagnostic parameter detection unit for detecting a diagnostic parameter based on an amplitude of vibration of the gear, and a reference parameter corresponding to an output characteristic of the gear. A reference parameter detection unit, a storage unit storing reference data defining a reference value of the diagnosis parameter corresponding to the reference parameter, an actual measurement value of the diagnosis parameter detected by the diagnosis parameter detection unit, and the reference If a deviation or ratio of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the parameter detection unit with the reference value exceeds a threshold value, Comprising a determining unit for determining that gear is abnormal, the.

  According to the configuration of (1), the reference parameter corresponding to the output characteristic of the gear to be diagnosed is acquired, and the reference value corresponding to the value is acquired from the reference data stored in advance in the storage unit. Then, the deviation or ratio of the diagnostic parameter detected as the actual measurement value to the reference value is compared with the threshold value to determine the abnormality of the gear. As a result, it is possible to determine the abnormality of the gear in consideration of the output characteristics, and to perform accurate diagnosis with a simple configuration.

(2) In some embodiments, in the configuration of (1), the diagnostic parameter includes at least one of a maximum value of an amplitude of the vibration, an effective value, and a crest factor.

  According to the configuration of the above (2), the above effect can be suitably obtained by including at least one of the maximum value of the amplitude of vibration, the effective value and the crest factor as the diagnostic parameter.

(3) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (1) or (2), the output characteristic includes at least one of the number of rotations and the rotation torque of the gear.

  According to the configuration of the above (3), the above effect is suitably obtained by adopting at least one of the number of rotations and the rotational torque as the output characteristic of the gear.

(4) In some embodiments, in any one of the configurations (1) to (3), the determination unit detects an actual measurement value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit, and detects the reference parameter. The life of the gear is determined by estimating the temporal change in the deviation or ratio of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the part with the reference value.

  According to the configuration of the above (4), it is possible to diagnose the life of the gear by estimating the temporal change of the deviation or the ratio.

(5) In order to solve the above problems, the gear diagnosis device according to at least one embodiment of the present invention transmits power to the output shaft by accelerating or decelerating the rotation input to the input shaft using the gear. And a diagnostic parameter detection unit for detecting a diagnostic parameter based on the amplitude of vibration of the gear, and at least one of the number of rotations, output, and torque of the gear. Parameter detection unit for detecting a reference parameter including one, a storage unit for storing reference data for defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter, and the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit And the reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit. Includes a radical 113, the.

  According to the configuration of (5), the reference parameter corresponding to the output characteristic of the gear to be diagnosed is acquired, and the reference value corresponding to the value is acquired from the reference data stored in advance in the storage unit. Then, by displaying the diagnostic parameter detected as the actual measurement value and the reference value on the display unit, the operator can visually determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the gear by monitoring the display unit. As a result, it is possible to determine the abnormality of the gear in consideration of the output characteristics, and to perform accurate diagnosis with a simple configuration.

(6) In order to solve the above problems, a gear transmission method according to at least one embodiment of the present invention transmits power to the output shaft by accelerating or decelerating the rotation input to the input shaft using the gear. A gear diagnosis method for diagnosing the state of the gear, the method comprising: detecting a diagnostic parameter based on an amplitude of vibration of the gear; and at least one of rotation speed, output and torque of the gear Detecting a reference parameter; and calculating a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the detected reference parameter using reference data defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter; Before corresponding to the actual value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit and the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit If the deviation or the ratio of the reference value of the diagnosis parameter exceeds the threshold value, the step of determining that there is an abnormality in the wheel,
Equipped with

  The method of (6) above can be suitably implemented by the above-described gear diagnosis device (including the various aspects above).

  According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a gear diagnosis device and a gear diagnosis method capable of accurately diagnosing an abnormality occurring in a gear with a simple device configuration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the whole structure of the gearwheel diagnostic apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows functionally the internal structure of the CPU part of FIG. It is a flow chart which shows the gear diagnosis method concerning one embodiment of the present invention for every process. It is an example of reference data RD stored in the storage unit. It is an example of a display of the display part in FIG.3 S9. It is an example of the estimation result of the crest factor ratio based on the time-dependent change of the diagnostic parameter estimated by the judgment part.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of the components described as the embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to this, but are merely illustrative. Absent.
For example, a representation representing a relative or absolute arrangement such as “in a direction”, “along a direction”, “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “center”, “concentric” or “coaxial” is strictly Not only does it represent such an arrangement, but also represents a state of relative displacement with an angle or distance that allows the same function to be obtained.
Further, for example, the expression expressing a shape such as a quadrilateral shape or a cylindrical shape not only represents a shape such as a rectangular shape or a cylindrical shape in a geometrically strict sense, but also an uneven portion The shape including a chamfer etc. shall also be expressed.
On the other hand, the expressions "comprising", "having", "having", "including" or "having" one component are not exclusive expressions excluding the presence of other components.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an entire configuration of a gear diagnosis device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The gear diagnosis device 1 is a device that detects the state of the gear G in the power transmission mechanism PT that accelerates or decelerates the rotation input to the input shaft (not shown) using a plurality of gears and transmits the rotation to the output shaft. . The power transmission mechanism PT is coaxial with the gear G coaxially with the casing K, the gear G housed in the casing K (the gear G is engaged with another gear not shown in the casing K), and coaxially. And a bearing B supported on both sides such that the gear rotation axis J can be rotated about its axis.

  The gear diagnosis device 1 according to the present embodiment includes an acceleration sensor 2 for acquiring the vibration of the gear G. The acceleration sensor 2 is installed on one of the bearings B of the power transmission mechanism PT. Since the vibration of the gear G is transmitted to the bearing B via the gear rotation axis J, the vibration of the gear G is detected by the acceleration sensor 2 provided on the bearing B. The gears included in the power transmission mechanism PT are directly meshed with each other or indirectly through other gears, and vibrations generated in each gear are mutually transmitted. In addition to the information on the vibrations of the gear G itself, the information on the vibrations of other gears directly or indirectly meshed with the gear G is also included.

  The gear diagnosis device 1 further includes a rotation speed sensor 4 for detecting the rotation speed of the gear rotation axis J. Since the gear G rotates in a fixed state with respect to the gear rotation axis J, the rotation speed sensor 4 substantially detects the rotation speed of the gear G. The rotation speed sensor 4 outputs the measured rotation speed as an output signal V2.

  The gear diagnosis device 1 also has a torque sensor 5 for detecting the torque of the gear G. The torque sensor 5 is disposed between the drive side (here, a turbine, a motor, etc.) and the input shaft or the output shaft, and outputs the measured torque as an output signal V3.

  The output signals V 1, V 2 and V 3 of the acceleration sensor 2, the rotation speed sensor 4 and the torque sensor 5 are input to the CPU unit 8. The CPU unit 8 is an electronic arithmetic unit such as a microprocessor, and is configured to be able to execute the gear diagnosis method by executing a program stored in advance in a memory (not shown) or the like. Further, the CPU unit 8 includes a console C, and the operator can appropriately transmit a command signal to the CPU unit 8 by operating the console C. Further, the calculation result in the CPU unit 8 can be displayed on the display unit 10 such as a display, for example, and the alarm device 12 is operated according to the command signal of the CPU unit 8 to notify the operator with a buzzer sound. It can be done.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram functionally showing the internal configuration of the CPU unit 8 of FIG. The CPU unit 8 includes a diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 that detects a diagnostic parameter PJ, a reference parameter detection unit 16 that detects a reference parameter PR, and a determination unit 18 that determines an abnormality of the gear G.

  The output signal V1 of the acceleration sensor 2 is amplified by the amplifier 20 and then taken into the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14. The diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 acquires the vibration of the gear G as waveform data by measuring the output signal V1 of the acceleration sensor 2 continuously in time.

  The diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 includes a peak detector 22, an effective value detector 24 and a divider 26. The peak detector 22 detects a peak value P from waveform data relating to the vibration of the gear G as the diagnostic parameter PJ. The effective value detector 24 detects the effective value A from the waveform data on the vibration of the gear G as the diagnostic parameter PJ. The divider 26 divides the peak value P detected by the peak detector 22 by the effective value A detected by the effective value detector 24 as the diagnostic parameter PJ to calculate the crest factor P / A. Thus, the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 detects three types of parameters (peak value P, effective value A and crest factor P / A) as the diagnostic parameter PJ.

The reference parameter detection unit 16 detects the reference parameter PR based on the output signal V2 of the rotation speed sensor 4. The reference parameter PR is a parameter related to the output of the gear G to be diagnosed, and can affect the diagnostic parameter PJ.
In the present embodiment, although the case where the rotational speed R detected by the rotational speed sensor 4 is adopted as the reference parameter PR is described, the torque T detected by the torque sensor 5 may be adopted. In this case, the power transmission mechanism PT transmits torque through the gear G. By monitoring the actual torque, it is possible to detect a sign of abnormality in the gear G.

  The CPU unit 8 is configured to be able to read out the reference data RD stored in advance in the storage unit 28 by accessing the storage unit 28 composed of a memory, a hard disk or the like. The reference data RD is data defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter PJ corresponding to the reference parameter PR, and the diagnostic parameter PJ based on the amplitude of vibration of the normal gear G in advance by an experimental, theoretical or simulation method. Is defined in association with the rotation number R, which is the reference parameter PR (see FIG. 4 described later).

  The determination unit 18 determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the gear G. Specifically, the deviation or ratio between the measured value of the diagnostic parameter PJ detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 and the reference value of the diagnostic parameter PJ corresponding to the reference parameter PR detected by the reference parameter detection unit 16 is a threshold value. When it exceeds, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the gear G.

  Subsequently, control contents of the gear diagnosis device 1 having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the gear diagnosis method according to the embodiment of the present invention in each step.

  First, the CPU unit 8 performs measurement while operating the power transmission mechanism PT to obtain the output signal V1 of the acceleration sensor 2 and the output signal V2 of the rotation speed sensor 4 (step S1). Further, at this time, the CPU unit 8 sets an increment variable n for counting the number of times of execution for a series of control to an initial value "0 (zero)".

  Subsequently, the CPU unit 8 detects the diagnostic parameter PJ based on the amplitude of the vibration of the gear G by the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 (steps S2 to S4). In the present embodiment, the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 detects three types of parameters, the peak value P, the effective value A, and the crest factor P / A based on the waveform data of the vibration of the gear G as the diagnostic parameter PJ. Specifically, based on the output signal V1 of the acceleration sensor 2, the peak detector 22 detects the peak value P (step S2), the effective value detector 24 detects the effective value A (step S3), and the divider 26 calculates the crest factor P / A (step S4).

  Further, the CPU unit 8 detects the reference parameter PR by the reference parameter detection unit 16 (S5). In the present embodiment, the reference parameter detection unit 16 detects the rotation speed R based on the output signal V2 of the rotation speed sensor 4 as the reference parameter PR.

  The detection of the diagnostic parameter PJ in steps S2 to S4 and the detection of the reference parameter PR in step S5 are simultaneously performed, and the detection results are linked to each other and managed.

  Subsequently, the determination unit 18 obtains the reference value corresponding to the reference parameter PR (rotational speed) detected in step S5 from the reference data RD stored in advance in the storage unit 28 by accessing the storage unit 28. (Step S6). Here, FIG. 4 is an example of the reference data RD stored in the storage unit 28. In this example, reference values of diagnostic parameters PJ (peak value P, effective value A and crest factor P / A) that would be obtained with normal gear G are defined for each value of reference parameter PR (rotational speed R) It is done. As these reference values, actual measurement data using a sample may be adopted, numerical simulation results may be adopted, or results calculated theoretically may be adopted.

  In step S6, a reference value corresponding to the reference parameter PR detected in step S5 is acquired from the reference data RD stored in the storage unit 28. For example, when 54 RPM is detected as the rotation speed R in step S5, peak value P (1.10), effective value A (0.27), and crest factor corresponding to 54 RPM from reference data RD shown in FIG. 4 P / A (4.08) is acquired.

  Subsequently, the determination unit 18 calculates a ratio between the diagnostic parameter PJ detected in step S4 and the reference value acquired in step S6 (step S6), and determines whether the ratio exceeds a threshold. Thus, it is determined whether or not there is an abnormality in the gear G (step S7). Here, the threshold is set, for example, as a ratio to the extent that the value interferes with the normal operation of the gear G.

  In the present embodiment, the case of judging abnormality of the gear G based on the ratio between the diagnostic parameter PJ and the reference value in step S6 will be described, but instead, based on the deviation between the diagnostic parameter PJ and the reference value An abnormality of the gear G may be determined.

  When the ratio exceeds the threshold in the determination unit 18, the determination unit 18 determines that the gear G is abnormal. In this case, the CPU unit 8 notifies the operator of the presence of abnormality by operating the alarm device 12 (step S8).

  Further, regardless of the presence or absence of abnormality of the gear G, the display unit 10 displays the determination result in the determination unit 18 and the detection condition of each parameter (step S9). Here, FIG. 5 is a display example of the display unit 10 in step S9 of FIG. In this example, (a) peak value P detected as diagnostic parameter PJ in step S2, (b) effective value A detected as diagnostic parameter PJ in step S3, (c) detected as diagnostic parameter PJ in step S4 How the crest factor ratio of the crest factor P / A, (d) the rotation speed R detected as the reference parameter PR in step S5, and (e) the diagnostic parameter PJ to the reference value changes with the passage of time Each is shown as waveform data. In addition, in (f), a meter display 29 visually showing the fulfillment degree with respect to the crest factor ratio threshold value (= 3), and lighting display when it is judged that the crest factor ratio reaches the threshold value as abnormal. Indicator 30 is shown. The operator can easily grasp the judgment result in the judgment unit 18 and the current state and trend of the detection condition of each parameter by referring to the display unit 10 as described above.

  Further, the determination unit 18 estimates the temporal change of the diagnostic parameter PJ detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 based on the reference data RD corresponding to the reference parameter PR detected by the reference parameter detection unit 16, The life of the gear G may be evaluated. Here, FIG. 6 is an example of the estimation result of the crest factor ratio based on the temporal change of the diagnostic parameter PJ estimated by the determination unit 18. In FIG. 6, the solid line indicates the measurement result of the crest factor ratio up to the current time t0, and the broken line indicates the estimation result of the transition of the crest factor ratio after the current time t0. Further, in FIG. 6, a threshold (= 3) for determining an abnormality in the gear G is shown by a dotted line, and a time t1 at which the crest factor ratio reaches the threshold is estimated as the life. Thus, the remaining life of the gear G is from time t0 to t1. The remaining life estimated in this manner may also be displayed on the display unit 10 together with the above result.

  When the above control is completed, the CPU unit 8 counts up the increment variable n (step S10), returns the process to step S1, and repeatedly executes a series of control.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the judgment unit 18 automatically judges the abnormality of the gear G has been described, but the judgment unit 18 does not make a specific abnormality judgment, and the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit 14 Directly display PJ (peak value P, effective value A and crest factor P / A), reference parameter PR (rotation speed) detected by the reference parameter detection unit 16, and the ratio between the diagnostic parameter PJ and the reference value You may make it display on the part 10. In this case, the determination as to whether or not there is an abnormality in the gear G is made by the operator who has recognized the display content of the display unit 10.

  As described above, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the reference parameter PR corresponding to the output characteristic of the gear G to be diagnosed is acquired, and the reference data RD stored in advance in the storage unit 28 is used as the value. Get the corresponding reference value. Then, the abnormality or the ratio of the diagnostic parameter PR detected as the actual measurement value and the reference value is compared with the threshold value to determine the abnormality of the gear G. As a result, the abnormality determination of the gear G in consideration of the output characteristics can be performed, and accurate diagnosis can be performed with a simple configuration.

  The present disclosure is applied to a gear diagnostic device and a gear diagnostic method for diagnosing the state of a gear included in a power transmission mechanism that accelerates or decelerates rotation input to an input shaft using a gear and transmits the rotation to an output shaft. It is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gear diagnostic device 2 Acceleration sensor 4 Rotation speed sensor 5 Torque sensor 8 CPU part 10 Display part 12 Alarm device 14 Diagnostic parameter detection part 16 Reference parameter detection part 18 Determination part 20 Amplifier 22 Peak detector 24 Effective value detector 26 Divider 28 storage unit 29 meter display 30 indicator B bearing C console G gear J gear rotation axis K casing

Claims (6)

A gear diagnosis device for diagnosing the state of the gear included in a power transmission mechanism that accelerates or decelerates rotation input to an input shaft using a gear and transmits the rotation to an output shaft,
A diagnostic parameter detection unit that detects a diagnostic parameter based on the amplitude of vibration of the gear;
A reference parameter detection unit that detects a reference parameter corresponding to the output characteristic of the gear;
A storage unit storing reference data defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter;
An actual measurement value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit;
A determination unit that determines that there is an abnormality in the gear when the deviation or ratio of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit with respect to the reference value exceeds a threshold;
A gear diagnostic device comprising:   The gear diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic parameter includes at least one of a maximum value of an amplitude of the vibration, an effective value, and a crest factor.   The gear diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein the output characteristic includes at least one of a rotation speed and a rotation torque of the gear.   The determination unit is a deviation or a ratio between a measured value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit and the reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit. The gear diagnosis device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the life of the gear is determined by estimating a temporal change. A gear diagnosis device for diagnosing the state of the gear included in a power transmission mechanism that accelerates or decelerates rotation input to an input shaft using a gear and transmits the rotation to an output shaft,
A diagnostic parameter detection unit that detects a diagnostic parameter based on the amplitude of vibration of the gear;
A reference parameter detection unit that detects a reference parameter corresponding to the output characteristic of the gear;
A storage unit storing reference data defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter;
A display unit for displaying an actual measurement value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit and the reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit;
A gear diagnostic device comprising: A gear diagnosis method for diagnosing the state of the gear included in a power transmission mechanism that accelerates or decelerates rotation input to an input shaft using a gear and transmits the rotation to an output shaft,
Detecting a diagnostic parameter based on the amplitude of vibration of said gear;
Detecting a reference parameter corresponding to an output characteristic of the gear;
Calculating a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the detected reference parameter using reference data defining a reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter;
When a deviation or ratio between a measured value of the diagnostic parameter detected by the diagnostic parameter detection unit and the reference value of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the reference parameter detected by the reference parameter detection unit exceeds a threshold value , Determining that the gear has an abnormality,
A gear diagnosis method comprising: