JP2019041681A - Methods for producing algal oil using biomass resource - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide methods for producing algal oil using biomass resource which enables efficient and low cost production of algal oil by hydrocarbon-producing algae using a palm oil mill effluent (POME, generated from palm oil production) treated by an advanced anaerobic oxic process.SOLUTION: The algal oil producing process of the invention comprises an algae growing step in which a hydrocarbon-producing algae is cultured using a former open lagoon as a culture pond to produce an algal oil comprised of hydrocarbons and a step of separating the algal oil produced by the hydrocarbon-producing algae.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing algal production oil using biomass resources of unused waste in the palm dumpling industry.

  Palm gyoza can collect fats and oils from the fruit pulp of fresh fruit bunch (FFB: Fresh Fruit Bunch) and palm glutinous seed core respectively, and cultivation is carried out for the purpose of production of such fats and oils. Palm palm has an extremely large amount of fat and oil obtained per unit area even in plants, and as a commercial crop, large-scale cultivation (plantation agriculture) is performed especially in Indonesia and Malaysia.

  Fruits harvested from industrially grown large-scale palm palms are used today for the production of soaps and edible vegetable oils. Among the fruits of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), palm oil is obtained from the flesh (mesocarp), and palm kernel oil is obtained from palm palm kernel in the center. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are different in quality, and palm oil is mainly used for cooking and palm kernel oil is mainly used for processed food, but in recent years, such palm oil and palm kernel oil are used as biomass fuel It is being used as a substitute for diesel fuel.

  As a biomass fuel, in recent years, palm coconut shell (PKS: Palm Kernel Shell) obtained as a by-product when palm oil of palm coconut and palm kernel oil are collected is used. Particularly in recent years, there is a tendency for the supply of thinning material, which is a biomass raw material, to be insufficient, and the amount of use of palm coconut shell (PKS) is increasing.

  In the palm oil industry which extracts palm oil and palm kernel oil from palm dumplings, besides empty palm shell (PKS) mentioned above, empty fruit bunch (EFB: Empty Fruit Bunch), old palm tree (OPT: Oil Palm Trunk) And palm palm leaves (OPF: Oil Palm Frond) etc. are generated as by-products. In addition, when oil is extracted from the fruit of fresh fruit bunch (FFB: Fresh Fruit Bunch), a large amount of palm palm drainage (POME: Paim Oil Mill Effuent) containing organic matter such as oil is generated.

  Here, empty fruit bunch (EFB) is steamed when collecting fruits from fresh fruit bunch (FFB: Fresh Fruit Bunch) of palm gyoza, and the moisture content of empty fruit bunch (EFB) by steam at this time Is not suitable as a fuel for combustion because it is 65% or more. For this reason, most of the empty fruit bunch (EFB) is returned to the farm and discarded, but some is burned in the boiler together with palm fiber (Fiber) and palm coconut shell (PKS), and the ash is used as fertilizer It's being used.

  The palm oil industry like this accounts for more than 85% of global production on a global basis only in two countries, Malaysia and Indonesia (hereinafter sometimes referred to as producing countries). Most of the aforementioned palm palm drainage (POME), which is emitted in large quantities from the palm oil production process, is mostly treated in an open lagoon in the producing country, and the atmospheric emissions of global warming gas (biogas including methane) And there is a problem in terms of water pollution, and the EU and other countries are also asking for improvement in producing countries.

  For this reason, the Malaysian government, for example, is going to apply a strict drainage standard value of "BOD 20 mg / L or less" to palm oil production plants in order to convert the palm oil industry into a sustainable environment-friendly industry. A Feed-in Tariff (FiT) system has also been introduced, which favors the purchase price of biogas-generated electricity.

In palm oil production plants, palm palm wastewater (POME) is treated by a fermentation system, and energy utilization is generated in some palm oil production plants using the obtained biogas as fuel. For example, the greenhouse gas reduction effect can reduce CO ₂ emissions in 22600T / day per one place palm oil production plant, for environmental load reduction by wastewater treatment capacity improvement, BOD18.4T / year per palm oil production plant in one place Is reduced.

  However, ordinary palm oil production plants basically have excess energy, and even if gas power is generated, palm oil production plants with high voltage line networks necessary for selling electric power are very limited, and palm oil production plants The employers of Japan have not yet come to view water quality control measures as mere equipment costs that can be recovered and not as cost increases.

  On the other hand, one of the most urgent duties in the field of renewable energy, such as surplus energy generated in such palm oil production plants, is the power obtained from energy resources whose output varies with time, such as solar power and wind power. It is about solving the problem about storage. As an example, the PTG (Power to Gas) technology concept has evolved as a very promising initiative. There are numerous projects around the world, some of which have completed the pilot phase and are moving towards commercial operation.

  The principle of such PTG technology is quite simple, and the power from renewable energy is used to electrically decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen obtained can then be converted to electricity or used directly as fuel. There is some energy loss in converting power to hydrogen, but it is effective for one purpose. It is possible to store electric power from renewable energy as energy-rich hydrogen, and it is also possible to obtain methane gas by carbon if necessary. Existing gas infrastructures are available for transportation and storage to some extent.

For example, the largest methanation facility with the largest production capacity of 6 MW in the world is operated at Werlte in northern Germany. At this facility, automaker Audi is helping convert 110,000 tons of slurry and food waste into methane per year rather than water. The energy needed for the methanation process uses the excess power generated by offshore wind farms in the North Sea. In this facility, the organic matter is converted to biogas composed of about two thirds methane and one third CO ₂ . Then, CO ₂ is removed by the CO ₂ is passed through the activated carbon in the adsorption from biogas obtained through a plurality of processes. In the next stage, the CO ₂ is desorbed at low pressure and sent to the methanation facility. Then, the process of _{"CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4} + 2H 2 O " is executed.

  On the other hand, in the field of renewable energy, methods for producing hydrocarbon-producing algae by producing oils and fats such as hydrocarbon to obtain algae-produced oil (green oil) are being carried out. Algae is an oxygenic photosynthetic organism that does not live on land. The first organisms to produce oxygenic photosynthesis appeared almost 3 billion years ago and are thought to be similar to cyanobacteria.

  Cyanobacteria, also called cyanobacteria, are non-nuclear prokaryotes (bacterial mates). Afterward, one of the cyanobacteria incorporated into the cells of eukaryotes (nucleated organisms) became the source of today's chloroplasts. Progenies of this first eukaryotic photosynthetic organism (primary plant) were taken up by yet another eukaryote, and multiple photosynthetic organisms (secondary plants) were born. That is, algae is a general term for photosynthetic organisms with completely different origins, and includes prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) and multiple eukaryotes (red algae, brown algae, green algae, etc.).

  On the other hand, algae have common properties, such as photosynthesis and aquatic organisms. Many algae are unicellular (hereinafter, unicellular algae are referred to as microalgae), and among them, there are many algae having a high growth rate and easy culture. As algae having these properties, cyanobacteria or green algae belong to a large number, and they are studied in connection with biofuel production.

  It is considered that microalgae has attracted great attention as a biofuel due to the following reasons. (1) Some biomass productivity per unit time and unit area is several to several dozen times higher than that of higher plants. (2) Some have a high growth rate. (3) Some have high fat and oil content or starch accumulation. (4) Culture is relatively easy. (5) It is possible to cultivate algae using land and water areas which are not suitable as cultivated land. That is, it can be produced as a biofuel derived from the palm industry that does not compete with food production.

  Considering only these items, it is considered to be a very good biofuel, but in fact the green oil produced by microalgae is expensive to produce, and the current technology produces diesel oil, the unit price per liter is 1, It will be close to 000 yen.

  The reason why biofuel production from microalgae is expensive is because technology that can cope with inexpensive large-scale production is immature in all the series of processes from cultivation to fuel production. For example, considering the culture of microalgae, until now, mass culture technology of microalgae has the property that biological chemicals act on specific physiological regulatory functions of the living body, added value such as physiologically active substances Has been developed for commercial production of high

  One of them, the “vertical panel type” culture device, emits light toward microalgae with fluorescent light etc. from the side of the microalgal culture panel that stands vertically, so that fineness at high growth speed and high density is achieved. Algal biomass production is possible. However, since the energy consumption required for the operation of the culture apparatus is large, diversion to inexpensive biofuel production is difficult. For biofuel production, it is necessary to develop high-efficiency, low-cost culture techniques in an open field system.

  In addition, in order to recover biomass after culturing microalgae, it is necessary to efficiently separate algal cells (solid content) and culture medium (liquid portion). The culture is opaque dark green, and at first glance it seems that high concentrations of biomass will be present, but in fact, 99.5% of the culture is the liquid part. In order to separate algal cells from this culture solution, centrifugation, sedimentation by a coagulant, membrane separation, etc. have been conventionally performed. Among these, centrifugation requires a large amount of power and is expensive to operate. Membrane separation has attracted attention in recent years, but has problems of clogging and deterioration. Presumably, the method of recovering by dehydration after concentration once using a flocculant seems to be the most advantageous in terms of cost, but it is difficult to find a harmless flocculant.

On the other hand, the potential for the next generation of biofuels has been raised and is as follows.
(1) It has been pointed out that the recent increase in biofuel production has led to competition with the food supply, which has traditionally been the destination of agricultural products. In order to solve the problem of competition with food, we will move away from the "first generation biotechnology" of fermenting agricultural products rich in sugar to produce biofuels, using cellulosic materials that do not compete with food such as straw, etc. In addition to fermentation technology, there is also a need for early commercialization of "second-generation biotechnology", which produces biofuels using entirely new chemical technologies that utilize new enzymes as catalysts.
As competition between biofuels and food accelerates and food supply decreases, not only will international agricultural prices rise, but food shortages may occur in food-importing countries such as developing countries. The problem is that the food security of each country is greatly affected.

(2) As various issues for commercial use of next-generation biofuels, it is natural for second-generation biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels. Also, since the raw material is a non-edible part, the ability to directly avoid competition with food is regarded as the greatest advantage, but the following problems have been pointed out.
(2-1) In order to produce non-edible agricultural products for second-generation biofuels, when converting cultivated land for food crops without opening new cultivated land, competition with food will result as a result It will be.
(2-2) Recovering the entire agricultural product from the field reduces organic matter such as stems and the like that are reduced to soil, which makes the plant susceptible to soil deterioration and erosion, and reduces the productivity of cultivated land. You will have to increase the use of fertilizer.
(2-3) What is more problematic is that demonstration experiments of second-generation biofuels are currently underway, but innovative commercial results are needed for commercial use.
Even if these issues are cleared, there still remain major issues for using second-generation biofuels, such as efficient collection of large-scale production facilities and raw materials and reduction of transportation costs.

(3) Green oil is an oil called "neutral lipid" which has similar properties to palm oil etc. made by extracting "oils" which microalgae accumulates in the body. Green oil has two advantages over other biofuels. The first is that algae can be grown on cultivated land and do not compete with food farming. The second is to be expected as a new raw material from the speed of growth speed. The first step in making green oil is to cultivate algae that have the property of accumulating oil.
After growing for a fixed period and recovering the grown algae, extract the oil in the body with an organic solvent. What remains after evaporating the organic solvent is a crude oil. If this crude oil is refined, it can be used as a fuel or an industrial raw material. As an issue, when trying to run efficiently, it consumes a large amount of energy including electric power for cultivation of algae, extraction of oil, evaporation of solvent and the like. This means that even though it has already been trying to make a fuel alternative to fossil fuel with the aim of reducing CO ₂ emissions, would rather create a situation in which the contradiction that occurs the CO _2.
In addition, culture of algae requires a large amount of water resources. When freshwater algae are used, they compete for water resources with drinking water, agricultural water, industrial water and so on. Currently, there are issues such as stable production and reduction of production costs. In addition, algae are located at the bottom of the food chain, and are destined to be eaten by higher organisms such as plankton. Outdoor culture has a high risk of being preyed. The cost reduction is premised on safe production.

  It is considered to use palm palm drainage (POME) discharged from palm oil industry to cultivate such algae. For example, in Malaysia, palm oil is actively produced from palm palm as a raw material in palm oil factories in relation to the discharge of palm palm drainage (POME). In such a palm oil factory, palm palm drainage (POME) which is organic drainage is generated along with production of palm oil, so after being treated with drainage by this open lagoon palm palm drainage system, release it. There is.

  Since the temperature of palm dumpling drainage is high at 70-80 ° C., this palm dumpling drainage is cooled to about 40 ° C. by a cooling pond, and the microorganisms which returned the palm dumpling drainage from this cooling pond by a mixing pond from a later stage anaerobic pond Mix with. This palm pond drainage from this mixed pond is mainly treated with anaerobic biological treatment in the deep anaerobic pond, and the palm palm drainage from this anaerobic pond is mainly treated with aerobic biological treatment in the shallow aerobic pond. Methane gas is released during the treatment in the pond. And if a series of processings are performed, it will be introduced into a sedimentation basin (buffer pond) and the supernatant will be drained to the latter stage as treated water.

  However, in any prior art, there is a problem that the BOD (biological oxygen demand) component and the SS (suspended solid) component can not be sufficiently reduced. In particular, aerobic biological treatment is not sufficient to reduce BOD components, nor is it sufficient to reduce SS components. In Malaysia, in particular, the drainage standards for palm oil factories are currently less than 100 mg / L BOD components and less than 400 mg / L SS components, but from now on even more stringent standard values (eg BOD components) : Less than 20 mg / L, SS component: less than 200 mg / L), and it is difficult to satisfy such criteria with existing equipment.

Patent No. 4065960 Patent No. 4418871 Patent No. 4665257 gazette

The conventional bioenergy described above has the following problems.
(1) A large amount of global warming gas (biogas including methane) is emitted to the atmosphere from a lagoon in a palm palm plantation.
MPOB (Malaysia Palm Oil Board) has set additional certification criteria for the 2013 palm oil industry. When applying for a permit for the establishment of one palm oil factory, and when there is a plan to increase the production capacity of the existing palm oil factory, it is to introduce equipment for eliminating or absorbing the emission of methane gas.
(2) There is water pollution due to the drainage of treated water from the lagoon at Palm Palm Plantation.
For example, Table 1 shows the emission standards for public waters in Malaysia.

The Malaysian government intends to set the standard for drainage from the palm industry to the Department of Environment (DOE) drainage standard (BOD 20 mg / L) from 2020, and this will be handled at the existing palm oil factory.
(3) The existing palm palm oil plant basically has excess energy, and even if gas power generation is performed, there are only a limited number of palm palm oil plants that have high-voltage wire networks necessary for selling electricity. .
(4) There is a need to transform the palm oil industry into a sustainable and environmentally conscious industry.
(5) There are situations where the water quality control measures are merely costing up.
(6) At present, biofuel production by algae is actually high in fuel production cost, and when diesel fuel is produced by the current technology, the cost per liter is extremely high compared to existing fuel oil.
(7) In the production of biofuels by algae, a technology capable of coping with inexpensive large-scale production has not been developed yet.
(8) Biofuel production by algae is difficult to divert to inexpensive biofuel production because of the large energy consumption required for device operation, and for biofuel production, high efficiency in open field system Development of low cost culture techniques is desired.
(9) Biofuel production by algae has been conventionally performed by centrifugation, sedimentation by a coagulant, membrane separation, etc. in order to separate algal bodies from a culture solution. Among these, centrifugal separation in particular consumes a large amount of power and is expensive to operate, resulting in an increase in the cost of biofuel production by algae.
(10) In order to produce non-edible agricultural products for next-generation biofuels by algae, it is possible to eventually create competition with food when converting cultivated land for food crops without opening new cultivated land. There is a problem.
(11) In order to produce the next-generation biofuel by algae, organic matter such as stems reduced to the soil is reduced by recovering the whole agricultural products from the field, and it becomes more susceptible to soil deterioration and erosion. As productivity declines, the use of chemical fertilizers will have to be increased.
(12) Demonstration tests of next-generation biofuels by algae are in progress, but further technological development is needed for commercial use.
(13) The next-generation biofuels by algae have not yet realized large-scale production facilities and efficient collection of raw materials, and reduction of transportation costs.
(14) The next-generation biofuel by algae will consume a large amount of energy including electric power for cultivation of algae, extraction of oil, evaporation of solvent, etc., in order to produce it efficiently.
(15) The next-generation biofuel production by algae requires a large amount of water resources to cultivate algae, so when using freshwater-derived algae, water resources such as drinking water, agricultural water, industrial water etc. There is a concern to decrease.
(16) In the production of next-generation biofuels by algae, algae are located at the bottom of the food chain and can be eaten by higher organisms such as plankton.
(17) Palm palm drainage (POME) from a palm oil production plant can not sufficiently reduce BOD components (biological oxygen demand) and SS components (suspended solids) conventionally. In particular, there is a problem that reduction of the BOD component is not sufficient due to aerobic biological treatment, and reduction of the SS component is not sufficient.

  This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and using palm palm drainage (POME) generated along with palm palm oil production, the algae-producing oil can be efficiently produced from hydrocarbon-producing algae. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method of algae production oil using the biomass resource which can be manufactured at low cost.

  With regard to the treatment of palm palm drainage (POME), for example, if a membrane maker's methane fermentation system of a Japanese manufacturer (KUBOTA CO., LTD.) Described later and a drainage treatment facility using a membrane are combined, the wastewater treatment standard value to be strict is cleared. It is possible to Therefore, the waste water treatment by the existing large open lagoon becomes unnecessary, and the new use method of algae production oil in the open lagoon which is not used will be born.

  In order to solve the problems, the method for producing algal production oil using biomass resources according to the present invention comprises a separation process of harvesting palm coconuts from palm palm trees and dividing them into parts, and the palms divided in the separation process. A palm oil production process for producing palm oil from palm fruit bunches, a semi-carbonization process for producing biomass semi-carbide as a raw material of fuel pellets from the palm dumpling, palm palm drainage produced in the palm oil production process and An algal production oil production process for producing algal production oil from a hydrocarbon production algae, wherein the algal production oil production process comprises the above-mentioned carbonization of regenerated energy produced using the effluent produced in the palm oil production process It is characterized in that it is used as a source of energy for growing hydrogen-producing algae.

  According to the method of producing algal production oil using the biomass resource of the present invention, palm branches and leaves (OPF), palm old trees (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), and simple incineration that have not been effectively used conventionally Produces methane and bioethanol using coconut palm shell (PKS) and palm fiber (Fiber), generates water vapor and electricity using surplus energy, and uses these renewable energy to produce hydrocarbon-producing algae Since the algae-producing oil is separated from the grown hydrocarbon-producing algae, it is possible to obtain the algae-producing oil (green oil) at low cost without newly supplying the raw material and energy from the outside. The ability to reduce the production cost of algae production oil (green oil), which has conventionally been a problem in terms of production cost, contributes to the spread of algae production oil (green oil) at an industrial level.

  In the present invention, the sorting process comprises a harvesting step of separating and harvesting the fruit bunch and palm leaves and leaves growing around the fruit bunch from the palm palm tree, and the semi-carbonizing process comprises the palm leaves and leaves A squeezing step of squeezing and separating into a squeezed liquid and a first solid residue, a semi-carbonizing step of semi-carbonizing the first solid residue to obtain biomass semi-carbide, and compression-forming and pelletizing the biomass semi-carbide A compression molding process for obtaining a solid biomass fuel, and a bioethanol production process for fermenting the squeezed solution to produce bioethanol, wherein the palm oil production process defruits the fruit from the fruit bunch, and the fruit And separating the fruit into empty fruit bunches, crushing the oil into crude palm oil and a second solid residue, and adding water to the crude palm oil And suspending the mixture, and separating the mixture into oil and water to obtain palm oil and the above-mentioned palm dumpling waste water, wherein the algae production oil producing process comprises: It is characterized by comprising an algae growing step to be produced, and an algae produced oil separating step for separating the algae produced oil produced by the hydrocarbon producing algae.

  Further, according to the present invention, the algal production oil production process further includes an activated carbon treatment step of decoloring waste liquid containing the hydrocarbon producing algae after deoiling discharged in the algal production oil separation step with activated carbon. It is characterized by

  Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising an energy generation step of generating water vapor and electric power or heat energy from the palm coconut shell and palm fiber which are the second solid residue obtained in the oil extraction step. Do.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the power or heat energy generated in the energy generation step is supplied as operation energy of the algal oil production process.

  The present invention also includes a first gasification step of gasifying the bioethanol, a methane production step of producing methane by fermentation from the palm juice drainage obtained in the oil / water separation step, and the first gasification step Hydrogen including a steam reforming hydrogen generation step of generating hydrogen from the bioethanol gas obtained in step b), methane obtained in the methane production step, and steam obtained in the energy generation step according to a steam reforming method The method further comprises a generation process.

  In the present invention, a lignite drying step of drying lignite, a lignite crushing step of pulverizing the dried lignite to obtain a powdery lignite, a mixture of the powdery lignite and the biomass semicarbide, and mixing the mixture The method further comprises a biomass-modified coal manufacturing process including a mixing step to obtain, and a compression-molding step to compression-mold the mixture to obtain a solid biomass-modified coal.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that, as the palm foliage, a stem is used among a foliage on which palm leaves grow and a stalk on the side closer to the fruit bunch than the foliage.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the palm leaves and leaves, a trunk of the palm palm tree is supplied to the squeezing step.

  In the present invention, in green oil production requiring a large amount of water resources, the amount of precipitation, which is an essential condition of the palm industry itself, and the presence of unused biomass resources derived from the palm industry conditions the coexistence of algal oil and palm industry. It is possible to provide a method for producing the best-matched algae production oil.

  In addition, it is premised that the wastewater treatment standard to be intensified by introducing the advanced aerobic wastewater treatment process to the existing palm lagoon drainage (POME) treatment by the open lagoon, the treated water, It is possible to provide a method for producing algae-produced oil utilizing the old open lagoon, which becomes unnecessary.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the biomass which can manufacture algal production oil from hydrocarbon production algae efficiently and at low cost using the palm coconut drainage (POME) which arose with production of palm coconut oil It is possible to provide a method for producing algal production oil using resources.

It is the block diagram which showed the outline | summary of the manufacturing method of algae production oil using the biomass resource of this invention. It is the schematic explanatory drawing which showed typically the manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of this invention. It is the flowchart which showed the manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of this invention in steps. It is the flowchart which showed the manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of this invention in steps. It is an explanatory view showing each composition part of palm forceps. It is a schematic diagram which shows the palm branch leaf of a palm ladder. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the fruit of palm dumplings. It is a graph which shows the monthly average temperature and precipitation in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur). It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section of the fruit of palm dumplings.

First of all, the technical background of the present invention and the solutions to various problems will be described.
(1) Prerequisites:
a) It is possible to obtain raw materials (palm palm drainage (POME), juice, brown coal).
b) Availability of energy (electricity, steam, thermal energy). In this regard, the energy cost is mainly based on unused palm palm biomass and is extremely inexpensive.
c) Large quantities of both low-grade coal and the palm industry. For example, Indonesia is mentioned.
(2) Establishment of coexistence with the existing palm industry:
Here, it is characterized that an independent energy company, existing palm oil mill and palm plantation can coexist.
(3) Concept of process:
Renewable energy, that is, energy sources constantly regenerated by natural activities, semi-permanently supplied and continuously available energy is semipermanently present in large quantities in the palm palm industry. If there is an environment where coal can be obtained in the same area, low-grade coal (mostly lignite) will be able to produce stable reformed coal, liquid fuel, etc. with less environmental impact at the same time.

(4) Technical Elements Necessary to Implement the Invention:
Most basic technical elements are established without considering the manufacturing energy cost, and this manufacturing energy cost can be solved in the present invention.
(5) The present invention is a process utilizing all biomass resources derived from palm, and carbon neutral can be achieved in all. And, it can produce various things such as electric power, steam, thermal energy, bioethanol, hydrogen, semi-carbonized pellets, food materials and so on.
(6) The biomass energy emitted from a standard balm oil mill is about 7 MW, and the energy used in the palm oil mill is about 1 MW, that is, about 6 MW is the input of the new energy factory. And, for example, if you obtain EFB, PKS, OPT, OPF, etc. from a palm oil plant and palm palm plantation within 25 km in the vicinity, a total of 86 MW of approximately 4 MW x 20 = 80 MW and 6 MW will be available energy for energy companies .
(7) In Malaysia and Indonesia where implementation of the present invention is assumed: Presence of cheap stable biomass feedstocks; 2. The existence of biomass fuel which can be supplied inexpensively and stably Existence of established technologies (including stable technologies that have problems with energy costs), 4. It is possible to secure large land areas at low prices, 5. It is easy to secure water because it is an area with a large amount of rainfall. In particular, Indonesia is a preferred invention under limited conditions, such as the presence of abundant reserves of brown coal.

(8) Specific technical elements for realizing the invention:
a) Biogas recovery technology: IKE company "IC reactor technology", Kubota "MBR technology", Fujika Kogyo "UASB technology", etc.
b) Wastewater treatment technology: Kubota "MBR technology", there are many other wastewater treatment technologies in Japan.
c) Utilization of surplus energy: OPF semi-carbonized pellet production, bioethanol production and the like can be mentioned.
d) Conversion to a sustainable environment-friendly industry: It can be realized by the present invention.
e) Solution to cost increase by water quality control measures: Activated carbon derived from palm palm biomass such as EFB is used in the final process of waste water treatment, it is possible to realize cost measures in response to drainage color measures and high regulation value. Furthermore, residual activated carbon can be converted to fertilizer or fuel.
f) High cost solution of biofuel production by algae: Cost reduction can be achieved by self-consumption of energy.
g) Technology that can cope with inexpensive large-scale production: It is possible to solve the existing large lagoon by diversion and self-consumption of energy.
h) High efficiency, low cost algal culture technology in open field system: It is possible to solve the existing large open lagoon by diversion and energy consumption.
i) Significant power consumption by centrifugation: Cost reduction can be achieved by self-consumption of energy.
j) Competing problem with food production when converting cropland for food without using new cropland: It can be solved by converting the existing large open lagoon.
k) Effects of soil degradation and erosion: These problems can be avoided if algae-based biofuels are manufactured using the old open lagoon site.
l) Necessity of innovative technology for commercial use: Algae biofuel production technology is in practical use, and the current situation is the cost, but the cost mentioned in the above section is almost the same. It is solvable.
m) Large-scale production facilities and the issue of efficient collection of raw materials and reduction of transportation costs: Existing large lagoons can be solved by diversion and self-consumption of energy (energy for transportation).
n) The problem of large amount of energy consumption necessary for culture of algae, extraction of oil, evaporation of solvent, etc .: Cost reduction can be realized by self-consumption of energy. With regard to CO ₂ generation, carbon neutral can be realized because biomass-derived energy is used.
o) The problem that a large amount of water resources are required for algae cultivation: The oil palm industry is a multi-wetland area, water resources are abundant and can be procured at low cost.
p) The BOD component (biological oxygen demand) and the SS component (suspended solids) can not be reduced sufficiently. In particular, there is a problem that the reduction of BOD component is not enough and the reduction of SS component is not enough by existing aerobic biological treatment; waste water treatment technology in Japan and using activated carbon derived from balm palm biomass such as EFB, drainage color It is possible to cope with the cost measures in response to the measures and the high regulation value.

Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of one Embodiment of this invention for solving the background and subject mentioned above is demonstrated. Each embodiment shown below is concretely described in order to understand the meaning of an invention better, and does not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified.
In the following description, oil-producing algae refers to algae containing a large amount of lipids (hydrocarbons) in cells, and specific examples include Botryococcus braunii and Pseudochoricystis Ellipsoidea), aurantiochytrium (Aurantiochytrium), squid dam (Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus) etc. are mentioned. The cells of these oil-producing algae are destroyed, and the lipids are taken out and chemically reacted to obtain an algae-produced oil (green oil).
Further, in the following description, when referring to lignite, it refers to low-grade coal having a low degree of coalification (for example, a carbon content of 70 wt% or less), and subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and anthracite having a higher degree of coalification than this. Includes all removed coal.

First, with reference to FIG. 1, the outline of the method for producing algal produced oil using the biomass resource of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a method for producing algal produced oil using a biomass resource according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The method 10 of producing algal production oil using biomass resources according to the present invention comprises: a separation process 11 for harvesting palm dumplings from palm palm trees and separating them according to site; and palm bunches of palm coconuts separated in the separation process 11 Palm oil production process 13 for producing oil, semi-carbonization process 12 for producing biomass semi-carbide as raw material for pellets for fuel from recycled material of palm dumplings, palm juice drainage and oil producing algae produced in palm oil production process And algal oil production process 14 for producing algal oil.

  In the harvesting and sorting process 11, fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of palm coconut grown in a palm plantation are harvested. In addition, when harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of palm gyoza, palm leaves and leaves (OPF: recycled material) are obtained.

  In palm oil production process 13, palm oil and palm kernel oil are squeezed from the harvested fresh fruit bunch (FFB). In this palm oil production process 13, palm palm drainage (POME), which is an effluent from oil-water separation performed when producing palm oil, empty fruit bunch (exhaust) after defruiting fresh fruit bunch (FFB), The palm coconut shell (exhaust) and palm fiber (exhaust) discharged after palm oil squeezing are discharged.

  In the semi-carbonization process 12, after palm leaf and leaf (OPF) which is an unused biomass resource obtained at the time of harvesting fresh fruit bunch (FFB) is squeezed, semi-carbonized squeezed residue is obtained to obtain biomass semi-carbide. Moreover, in this semi-carbonization process 12, the squeezed liquid generated by squeezing of palm foliage (OPF) is fermented to produce the by-product bioethanol.

In the algae production oil production process 14, palm palm waste water (POME) produced in the palm oil production process 13 is subjected to highly anaerobic treatment, and then oil produced algae are grown using this treated water. Then, when the oil-producing algae has sufficiently produced the algae-producing oil, the algae-producing oil is separated.
In order to grow such oil producing algae, it is necessary to maintain the water temperature properly. In the present invention, regeneration energy such as thermal energy or electric power generated by combustion is used to cultivate oil producing algae using empty fruit bunches, palm coconut shell, palm fiber, etc. which are the emissions of palm oil production process 13. Use. It also uses such renewable energy to separate algal products.

  On the other hand, hydrogen gas is generated by steam reforming using methane produced by advanced anaerobic treatment of palm palm wastewater (POME) in algal oil production process 14 or bioethanol which is a by-product of semi-carbonization process 12 be able to.

  According to the method 10 of producing algae-producing oil using biomass resources of the present invention, oil-producing algae is grown using treated water obtained by highly anaerobic treatment of palm palm drainage (POME) produced in the palm oil production process 13 By using the regenerated energy obtained from the effluent of the palm oil production process 13 as an energy source for conducting and cultivating, it is possible to obtain algal produced oil at extremely low cost. In addition, by using palm palm drainage (POME) generated in palm oil production process 13 for cultivating oil-producing algae, it prevents water pollution due to discharge of drainage to rivers etc., and adheres to wastewater treatment standards to be strengthened. It is possible to make effective use of the treated water and the old open lagoon which becomes unnecessary. In addition, wastes such as empty fruit bunches, palm coconut shells, palm fibers and the like discharged with the palm oil production process 13 can be treated without cost, and the wastes can be reduced to protect the environment. Becomes possible.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing the method for producing algal produced oil using the biomass resource shown in FIG. 1 in more detail. Moreover, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 is the flowchart which showed in steps the manufacturing method of the algal production oil using the biomass resource which is one Embodiment of this invention.
Production method 10 of algae production oil which uses unutilized biomass resources from palm industry as raw material and utilizes renewable energy is roughly divided into harvest of palm palm, separation process 11, half carbonization process 12, palm oil production process 13, hydrogen reforming process 17 including biomass reforming carbon production process 14, steam reforming hydrogen production process 15 and water electrolysis hydrogen production process 16, algal production oil production process for producing algal production oil from hydrocarbon producing algae It has 18 and.

  It is preferable from the viewpoint of transportation efficiency that the facilities performing these processes be physically close to or integrated facilities. In addition, the biomass reforming coal production process 14 and the hydrogen production process 17 are not essential components, and are processes that can be preferably performed, for example, when low-grade coal lignite is available in the vicinity of a palm coconut plantation. .

  Palm palm is a hot and humid climate with a range of 17 degrees north to 20 degrees south around the equator, annual rainfall 1500-2000 mm, minimum temperature 22-24 degrees C, maximum temperature 29-30 degrees C, sunshine hours 5 hours / day or more Is the preferred environment for cultivation, and Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America are considered suitable cultivation areas.

  The oil palms grown in plantations are sprouted from seeds and then grown in pots for about one year to one and a half years, and then planted at a density of about 140 to 150 per ha on the land that has been ground. After planting, the first flower clusters appear at the base of the leaves in three years, and eventually the flower clusters follow at the base of all the leaves. There are male and female flower clusters in the flower clusters, and the male flowers are yellow and small, and make pollen in 3-4 days after they appear. The female flower is also a yellow flower, and 10 to 12 make one inflorescence, and the inflorescences are gathered to form a flower cluster. Since the distance that pollen flies is not so long, pollination using insects is carried out.

  The fruits mature in about 150 days after pollination. Harvesting begins three to four and a half years after germination, and trees of eight to fifteen years yield the best. About 11 fresh fruit bunches (FFB) can be harvested annually from one palm palm, and two palm leaves (OPF) are harvested at this harvest. And since harvest starts to decrease after about 18 years, it is usually harvested in about 20 to 25 years and replanting is performed.

FIG. 5: is a schematic diagram which shows each structure site | part of palm forceps.
As shown in FIG. 5, the palm palm 1 has a large number of fruits produced at a root portion of a trunk 2 which rises from the ground, a palm branch (OPF) 3 which branches and extends from the trunk 2, and a palm branch (OPF) 3 It has a fruit bunch (fresh fruit bunch) 5 which has been brought into practice.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing palm leaves (OPF) of palm dumplings.
The palm leaf and leaf (OPF) 3 is composed of a leaf part (Rachis) 6 on which palm leaf grows and a petiole (Petiole 7) that forms a cluster 5 side with respect to the leaf part 6.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a fruit of palm dumplings.
The fruit 4 is composed of an exocarp 4A, a flesh (mesocarp) 4B containing palm oil, and a palm apricot kernel 4C which is wrapped in the endocarp and contains palm kernel oil.

  In the harvesting and sorting process (harvesting step S1) 11, fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of palm palm grown in a palm plantation are harvested. In addition, when harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of palm dumplings, it is necessary to cut palm branch leaves (OPF) growing around fresh fruit bunches (FFB). In addition, when harvesting one fresh fruit bunch (FFB), two palm leaves and leaves (OPF) are cut down.

  The palm leaves and leaves (OPF) obtained by the harvesting and sorting process 11 are further cut into a leaf part (Rachis) on which palm leaves grow and a stalk (Petiole) that is closer to the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) than the leaf part. And, in the following semi-carbonization process 12, a petiole (Petiole) is used as a palm leaf and leaf (OPF). Of course, it is also possible to use it for the half carbonization process 12 including the leaves. In palm branch (OPF) 3, the weight ratio of the stem 7 to the leaf 6 is about 50:50. The stem 7 of such a palm leaf and leaf (OPF) 3 is characterized in that the starch content is particularly high from the root (base) leading to the trunk 2 to the central part.

  On the other hand, the cut leaves (Rachis) 6 are laid around palm palm during cultivation of palm palm plantation. By placing leaf parts with many leaves (Rachis) around palm palms, we secure a place for snakes that prey on wild mice that aim for palm palm fruit bunches and prevent harm to palm palms Do.

  The fresh fruit bunch (FFB) and the foliage 7 of palm branches and leaves (OPF) are obtained by the above-mentioned harvesting and sorting process (harvesting step S1) 11. In addition, for example, palm palm 1 which is more than 20 years old is also harvested and recovered as an old palm tree (OPT) and a remaining palm leaf (OPF).

  The trunk of old palm tree (OPT) contains a large amount of sap, and the content of the sap tends to be higher in the central part, but is about 65% to 85% on average. This palm old tree (OPT) is a superior sugar solution which is very rich in glucose, fructose and sucrose. Although there are some differences depending on the age of old palm tree (OPT), the total sugar amount immediately after harvesting is about 7 to 10%. In the same stem, the distribution of sugar content at the top and bottom is about 20% lower at the bottom, but almost the same from the middle to the top.

  In addition, it is also known that there is a change which can be said to be a ripening phenomenon that sugar content is greatly increased by storing palm old trees (OPT) for a fixed period after harvesting. For example, it is known that the sap content immediately after harvesting is 65% to 85% and hardly changes during storage, while the sugar content rises up to near 15%. As an example, considering that the sugar content of sugarcane juice is about 16%, it is possible that old palm trees (OPT) can become a raw material having a sugar content equivalent to sugarcane after an appropriate ripening period. . For this reason, it is also preferable to store palm old trees after harvesting (OPT) for a certain period of time to increase the sugar content.

  Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) that has undergone the harvesting and sorting process (harvesting step S1) 11 is sent to the palm oil production process 13, and palm branch and leaf (OPF) is sent to the semi-carbonizing process 12.

  First, the semi-carbonization process 12 will be described. In the semi-carbonization process 12, the stems 7 of palm branches and leaves (OPF) are washed. Use water for cleaning. In addition, it is preferable to perform processes, such as a precipitation, and to recycle | reuse the washing drainage used for washing | cleaning of such a stem 7 as reproduction water.

  Next, the washed stem 7 is dehydrated or dried. Drying of the stem 7 is preferably performed, for example, by sun-drying. Moreover, it can also dry using the dryer by a warm air etc. Moreover, it can dehydrate using a dehydrator.

  The stem 7 of the palm leaves (OPF) roughly cut into about 0.5 to 1 m on handling in the harvesting step S1 is sent as it is to the squeezing step S3 described later, but with the stem 7, it is harvested and separated The old palm tree (OPT) recovered in the process (harvesting step S1) 11 can also be used by crushing (first crushing step S2). By using such an old palm tree (OPT) together with the stalk 7, it is possible to effectively utilize an old palm tree (OPT) which has been insufficient in strength as a tree and difficult to utilize.

  Next, squeezed from the old palm (OPT) and petiole 7 crushed in the first crushing step S2 and the resulting squeezed liquid and the first solid residue (peel 7 and palm old tree (OPT)) crushed (for example, Separating sap from a lump of about 50 mm) is separated (squeezing step S3). When squeezing the crushed material of the stem 7 and palm old wood (OPT), for example, a roller press type squeezing machine used for sugar cane squeezing can be used.

  The separation of the squeezed juice and the first solid residue can be performed by a separation method such as centrifugation or filtration. The squeezed solution separated is, for example, a turbid liquid and contains a large amount of sugar components. Using such a squeezed solution, bioethanol as a biofuel and a food material are produced (bioethanol production step S4). In addition, in this bioethanol production step S4, a food material can also be produced using the sugar component of the squeezed juice.

  The bioethanol production step S4 includes, for example, a concentration step S4A, a fermentation step S4B, and a purification step S4C. In the concentration step S4A, the squeezed juice is concentrated to such an extent that it can be fermented efficiently. The concentration step S4A can be performed, for example, by centrifuging the squeezed solution, reducing the water content by heating, or the like.

  In the fermentation step S4B, the sugar component contained in the squeezed solution by fermentation is converted to methane gas or bioethanol. For example, sugar components (glucose, fructose, sucrose) are broken down by alcohol fermentation to produce ethanol (bioethanol) and carbon dioxide.

  In the purification step S4C, bioethanol and sugar components are purified to remove impurities, and bioethanol of higher purity is obtained. Moreover, the sugar component produced | generated by fermentation can also be used as a foodstuff raw material. The bioethanol obtained in such bioethanol production step S4 is used as one of the hydrogen generation raw materials in the steam reforming hydrogen generation process 15 described later.

  Although the amount of juice generated in the previous step, squeezing step S3, is relatively large and there is a concern such as water contamination if discharged as it is, bioethanol and sugar components (food materials) are produced by fermentation and purification of the juice. By doing so, it is possible to effectively use the squeezed solution and to prevent water pollution by the squeezed solution. At present, old palm trees (OPT) rot while remaining crushed or crushed in farmland, and palm leaf and leaf (OPF) are also cut off at the time of FFB harvesting and left in place, so they rot and are an environmental pollution source. It has become.

  On the other hand, the crushed pressed cake which is the first solid residue obtained in the above-described squeezing step S3 is crushed to form crushed pieces of palm leaves (second crushing step S5). The pressed cake of the first solid residue may be crushed, for example, by a crusher equipped with a rotary blade. For example, in the present embodiment, the crushed pieces of palm leaves obtained by this are crushed pieces having a size of, for example, about 50 mm or less. It is also selected by the squeeze method that the crushing step is provided in the front stage of the squeezing step S3.

  In the second crushing step S5, crushed empty fruit bunches (EFB) after defruiting the fruits in the palm oil production process 13 described later, and palm coconut shells (PKS) after oiling the fruits, the palm It can be added to crushed material. In addition, in the following description, the thing which added such an empty fruit bunch powder material and a palm coconut shell powder material is also described as a palm leaf and leaf powder material.

  One of the advantages of the half carbonization by the drying step S6A and the half carbonization step S6B, which will be described later, is a reduction in crushing power. Since the palm leaf and leaf (OPF) and palm old wood (OPT) tissues are fragile, some crushing prior to the half carbonization step S6B has less power load, but with regard to the crushing power load of the empty fruit bunch (EFB), the half carbonization step S6B before The crushing power load of is large. For this reason, with regard to empty fruit bunches (EFB), after crushing to, for example, about 50 mm to 150 mm in the second crushing step S5 before the half carbonization step S6B, after performing the drying step S6A and the half carbonization step S6B for water adjustment Pulverizing to about 15 mm or less reduces the power load, which is economically preferable.

  Next, using the crushed palm leaves and leaves obtained in the second crushing step S5, biomass semi-carbide to be a raw material of biomass reforming coal described later and pellets for fuel using this are manufactured (pellets for fuel manufacturing process) S6). The fuel pellet production step S6 includes a drying step S6A, a half carbonization step S6B, a grinding step S6C, and a compression molding step S6D. In the carbonization step S6B, the crushed material of palm leaves and leaves obtained in the second crushing step S5 is subjected to a carbonization treatment (Trephed) in a carbonization furnace. By subjecting the dried product whose water content has been adjusted after crushing of palm leaves to half carbonization treatment in an atmosphere of 300 ° C. or less and less than 10% oxygen, the calorific value can be improved by 2-3% and the water resistance can be improved.

  The product in the second crushing step S5 has a moisture content of about 40% in the case of palm leaf and leaf (OPF) and palm old tree (OPT), and about 50% in the case of empty fruit bunch (EFB). For this reason, although whether it carries out from drying process S6A to half carbonization process S6B at once, or to make these processes into 2 steps changes with facilities, a moisture content is usually about 10 to 13% after drying process S6A In the subsequent half carbonization step S6B, the moisture content is 12% or less, preferably about 5% (and then 8 to 10% by moisture absorption).

  The drying equipment for moisture adjustment includes, for example, a belt dryer or a rotary heat treatment furnace. It is important to make the water content of the next step, the carbonization process input material, constant at the outlet water content about 13% or less, which is important for the next step, the carbonization process. Be

  The partial carbonization treatment apparatus for performing partial carbonization treatment may be, for example, a rotary heat treatment furnace. By using such a rotary heat treatment furnace, the palm leaf / leaf powdery material is heated, for example, to about 200 ° C. to 350 ° C., and held for 5 minutes to 90 minutes to make the moisture content about 0% to 12%.

  As an energy source necessary for the operation of the heat treatment furnace used for the half carbonization treatment (Trephide), power, steam and heat obtained by the energy generation step S16 described later using palm coconut shell (PKS) or palm fiber (Fiber) Energy etc. can be used.

  By the above-described semi-carbonizing step S6B, biomass semi-carbide which has been partially carbonized (truded) from the first solid residue is obtained. This biomass semi-carbide is used as a raw material for producing biomass modified coal described later. Moreover, this biomass semi-carbide can be used also as a raw material of the pellet for fuels described below.

  When biomass semi-carbide is used for production of pellets for fuel, palm-derived lignin is added to biomass semi-carbide which is a partially carbonized palm leaf fractured material, and then compression-molded and pelletized (compression molding Step S6D). In the compression molding step S6D, for example, a die extrusion type pellet molding apparatus can be used. Also in the compression molding step S6D, for example, it is obtained by an energy generation step S16 described later using empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS), palm fiber (Fiber) or the like as a drive source of the pellet molding apparatus. Renewable energy, such as electric power, steam and thermal energy can be used.

  In the compression molding step S6D, the amount of lignin in the input material is related to the degree of pellet formation, but when adjusting the amount of lignin, palm-derived lignin can be used. Moreover, the material dimension before pellet shaping | molding requires the size adjustment by grinding | pulverization by the pellet diameter to shape | mold. In the embodiment described above, the compression molding step S6D is performed after the half carbonization step S6B in the fuel pellet production step S6, but the half carbonization step S6B may also be performed after the compression molding step S6D. it can. In this case, the size of the raw material input to the compression molding step S6D is determined by the diameter of the pellet to be molded.

  In general, in the case of wood, the pre-processing and grinding energy required for the pellet molding machine input material is reduced as the degree of partial carbonization progresses because of the embrittlement due to partial carbonization. For this reason, it is preferable to perform compression molding process S6D after half carbonization process S6B.

  On the other hand, palm foliage leaves (OPF) or palm old trees (OPT) have less energy for crushing because their tissues are fragile. Therefore, it is also preferable to perform the half carbonization step S6B after performing the compression molding step S6D. In addition, it is preferable that the empty fruit bunch (EFB) tissue is non-fragile and the crushing step S6C is performed after the half carbonization step S6B, and the compression molding step S6D is performed.

Through the above steps, pellets for fuel, which is a solid biomass fuel, can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the compression molding step S6D is performed after the half carbonization step S6B, but such steps can also be performed in the reverse order. That is, after the crushed palm leaves and leaves obtained in the second crushing step S5 are pelletized in the compression molding step S6D, the pellets are semi-carbonized in a half carbonization step S6B using a heat treatment furnace or the like to obtain biomass semicarbide. And the pellet for fuels can also be manufactured using this biomass semicarbide.

  The pellet for fuel is obtained by pelletizing a palm-branched powdery material which has been partially carbonized. The fuel pellet has, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a diameter of 4 mm to 20 mm and a length of 5 mm to 100 mm. Moreover, the bulk specific gravity is made into the range of 0.65 or more and 0.85 or less.

  The biomass semi-carbide subjected to the semi-carbonization step S6B is not only pellet-shaped, but also bio-coke briquettes of coal coke alternative fuel, for example, products having a diameter of 50 to 150 mm and a length (diameter) x 1 to 5 It can be molded.

  And although the pellets for fuel also reduce moisture and volatile components by dehydration processing and semi-carbonizing treatment, the moisture content in the pellets for fuel is adjusted within the range of 12% or less, and the heat quantity is 20 kJ / kg or more 24 kJ It is within the range of / kg or less.

Furthermore, in the pellet 20 for fuels, the hard glove crushability index (HGI) defined in JIS M 8801 is in the range of 22 or more and 50 or less. As a reference example, the operation lower limit for pulverized coal boilers is set to HGI = 40 or more.
In addition, the pellet for fuel has a hydrophobicity by the carbonization treatment, the water resistance is improved, and the shape is maintained without being easily disintegrated even if it is immersed in water .

  On the other hand, palm juice-derived juices (OPT and OPF-Juice) produced respectively in the above-mentioned squeezing step S3 and fuel pellet producing step S6 are collected and concentrated in the bioethanol producing step S4 and concentrated. , Can be refined.

  The squeezed juice containing the sugar component derived from coconut palm, which was produced in each of the steps making up the semi-carbonizing process 12, was collected in the bioethanol production step S4, discarded to rot and rotted and released methane gas Palm leaves and leaves (OPF) and palm old trees (OPT) can be effectively used as biomass resources.

  The energy generation step S16 is carried out by burning empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm fibers (Fiber) after defruiting produced in the defruiting step S11, and palm coconut husks (PKS) separated in the palm kernel separation step S14 Thermal energy is generated, and the heat energy is used to heat water to generate steam (high temperature steam), electric power, and the like. The thermal energy and steam (high temperature steam) obtained in the energy generation step S16 are used for the steam reforming hydrogen generation process 15 described later, and the electric power is used for the steam reforming hydrogen generation process 15 and the water electrolysis hydrogen production process 16 be able to.

  Further, the thermal energy and the electric power obtained in the energy generation step S16 are the same as those of the respective steps (a lignite drying step S21, a lignite crushing step S22, a mixing step S23, and a compression molding step S24) which are biomass modified coal production processes 14 described later. It can also be used as a working energy source.

Next, the palm oil production process 13 will be described.
In the palm oil production process 13, after fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are washed, fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are boiled and separated into fruits and empty fruit bunches (EFB) (fruit removal step S11). Palm palm contains a lipase enzyme that degrades oil in the fruit, so this lipase enzyme is activated from the moment of harvest. For this reason, it is necessary to apply heat within 24 hours after harvest of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) to inactivate the lipase enzyme.

The purpose of cooking these fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is to inactivate enzymes that degrade oil. For such inactivation, for example, in the rotary cooking process, the operation of swinging the pressure a peak for a maximum temperature of 140 ° C. (pressure + 2 atm) a few times is performed over 75 minutes to 90 minutes. Further, steaming makes it easy for the fruit to detach from the fruit bunch, and softens the fruit to facilitate oil extraction in the palm oil production process 13. In order to detach the fruit from the fruit bunch, for example, the fruit bunch is hit using a fruit dropping machine or the like, and the stem and the fruit of the fruit bunch are separated.
After that, in order to extract oil efficiently from the separated fruits, the fruits are stirred for about 30 minutes while being heated to 95 ° C. to 100 ° C. with steam to form a slurry (digestion).

  In the fruit removal step S11, fresh fruit bunches (FFB) can be cooked using the steam obtained in the energy generation step S16 described above. The defruiting step S11 has the largest amount of steam used in the palm oil production process 13.

  In addition, empty fruit bunch (EFB) after fruit removal generated in this fruit removal step S11 is introduced to the second crushing step S5 in the above-described half carbonization process 12 after dehydration to a certain extent, As a part, by using for the manufacturing raw material of the pellet for fuels, reduction of the greenhouse gas generation amount by rot can be aimed at and effective utilization can be aimed at. In addition, empty fruit bunch (EFB) after defruiting can also be crushed using a first palm crushing step S2.

  Next, the fruit slurried in the defruiting step S11 is oiled (first oiling step S12). For example, in the first oil extraction step S12, the oil is separated into crude solid palm oil and a fibrous second solid residue which is a palm containing palm kernel by pressure using a screw type oil extraction machine.

  Next, the crude palm oil obtained in the first oil extraction step S12 is hydrolyzed, for example, heated to about 85 ° C. and allowed to stand, and then oil / water separation is carried out due to the specific gravity difference to make palm oil and second palm coconut Drainage (POME) is obtained (oil-water separation step S13). In addition, oil and water can also be rapidly separated by removing fibers, water and the like with a centrifugal separator after the water addition.

  The palm coconut drainage (POME) separated in the oil / water separation step S13 can not completely separate and remove the coconut derived fat and oil dissolved in the aqueous layer by the oil and water separation, and contains a certain amount of coconut derived fat and oil. There is. This palm palm drainage (POME) is used as a raw material of the algal oil production process 18 described later.

  In the algae production oil production process (methane production process) 18, the oil and sugar components remaining in the palm coconut drainage (POME) separated in the oil / water separation process S13 are fermented by methane bacteria, for example, to methane. Thus, methane obtained by the algal production oil production process 18 is used as one of the hydrogen generation raw materials in the steam reforming hydrogen production process 15 described later.

  Thus, by using palm palm drainage (POME) containing oil derived from fat and oil produced in oil / water separation step S13 constituting palm oil production process 13, methane is produced by algal production oil production process 18 It is possible to prevent the water pollution caused by the discharge to the outside of palm palm drainage (POME), which has been a problem in the past, and to effectively reuse such palm palm drainage (POME).

  In addition, methane produced by the algae production oil production process 18 from palm palm wastewater (POME), which is an unutilized biomass resource, can be obtained by biomass power generation and combustion energy by methane gas, in addition to the steam reforming hydrogen production process 15 described later. Can be used as self-consumed energy or sold as valuables.

  In addition to the self-consumed energy by recovering methane, which is a huge warming gas generated from the palm coconut drainage (POME) treatment plant lagoon containing oil derived from coconut oil, generated in the first oiling step S12 It is possible to prevent global warming by using methane gas and prevent water pollution by POME treated wastewater. Furthermore, purification of the river discharge water, adsorption of pigment of the discharge water and humic acid, etc., by the unused biomass solid carbide, etc., enables the sustainable management of palm palm plantations suitable for environmental protection of air and water quality.

  On the other hand, the second solid residue contains a palm coconut core, and after drying and grinding the second solid residue, the palm coconut core and the palm coconut shell (PKS) are separated (in coconut shell separation step S14). Such separation can be performed, for example, by air flow. Then, the separated palm coconut kernel is squeezed to obtain palm kernel oil (a second squeezing step S15).

  On the other hand, a part of the palm coconut shell (PKS) separated in the coconut shell nuclear separation step S14 is sold as a valuable fuel having marketability as it is, but there are also cases where the moisture content is not constant and it dries. However, there are problems such as the subsequent moisture absorption and the increase in drying cost. In the present embodiment, palm coconut shell (PKS) may be added to the pellet production process S6 for fuel derived from palm branch leaves (OPF) or may be separately produced, and the production cost is lower than that of the current dried product, In addition, it can be made into biomass semi-carbide which is a semi-carbide derived from palm coconut shell (PKS) very close to coal which is hydrophobic.

  The steam obtained in the energy generation process S16 can be used as saturated steam for steaming fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in the defoliating process S11. In addition, electric power is used as a driving force of the heat treatment furnace in the carbonization step S6B in the pellet production step S6 for fuel, a power source of the pellet forming apparatus in the compression molding step S6D, and a biomass modified coal production process 14 described later. It can be used as an operation energy source of certain steps (brown coal drying step S21, brown coal grinding step S22, mixing step S23, compression molding step S24).

  In addition, the other part of the palm coconut shell (PKS) separated in the coconut shell nuclear separation step S14 is introduced into the second crushing step S5 in the above-described half carbonization process 12 and a half of the palm It can be converted to biomass semi-carbide through carbonization step S6B, and can be sent to mixing step S23, which is a biomass-modified carbon production process 14 described later, and can be used for biomass-modified carbon production. This can reduce unused waste and make effective use of it. These are also similar to palm fiber (Fiber) and empty fruit bunch (EFB).

Next, the biomass reforming coal production process 14 will be described.
In the biomass reforming coal production process 14, lignite is used as a raw material. As described above in the technical background, such lignite is, for example, low-grade coal having a low degree of coalification (e.g., a carbon content of 70 wt% or less) which is frequently produced in Indonesia and the like. It is preferable to use the lignite obtained from the coal mine which exists in the vicinity of the palm dumpling industry which performs the following semi-carbonization process 12 and palm oil production process 13 grade | etc., For the biomass modification | reformation charcoal production process 14 below. As a result, it is possible to suppress the transportation cost of lignite and spontaneous ignition due to the ignitable functional group associated with the drying of lignite. For low-grade coal reforming technology, improvements in calorific value and measures against spontaneous combustion have been promoted mainly on the development of dehydration reforming technology, and are already in the stage of practical use, and plans for commercialization are also in progress. Many technologies have not been commercialized for economic reasons.

  Brown coal is usually dark brown to brownish brown. There is more dark coal than higher grade bituminous coal, rich in water, humic acid and oxygen. The ratio of ash (mineral) varies depending on the coal production area. It is characterized in that the water accounts for more than half of the weight (66% in the case of a large amount). This is because the pore volume of the lignite is large (the number of gaps is large), and the water is easily infiltrated. First, brown coal is dried by evaporating such water efficiently and safely (brown coal drying step S21). In addition, when minced lignite is a large lump, it is preferable to crush lignite in advance to a predetermined size by a lignite crushing step.

  In the lignite drying step S21, the moisture content of the lignite is reduced while preventing the pyrophoric functional group contained in the lignite to spontaneously ignite due to the evaporation of the moisture. Specifically, an indirect heating system is used to dry the lignite. Saturated steam is used as a heat source. In order to reduce the amount of heat consumed in the brown coal drying step S21, it is preferable that exhaust heat be further collected by the heat recovery unit into the condensate from the dryer and returned to the steam generation unit. For example, air or nitrogen gas is fed into the dryer to adjust the moisture evaporation rate. The dryer outlet gas contains steam, air (or nitrogen), lignite fines, and a bag filter is used to remove the fines of lignite before venting to the atmosphere.

  Next, the brown coal dried in the brown coal drying step S21 is pulverized to produce fine powdery powdered brown coal of a predetermined size (brown coal pulverizing step S22). Since the particle size distribution and moisture of the powdery brown coal obtained by grinding greatly affect the quality of the biomass-modified coal obtained in the subsequent step, the control is performed with great care. The combustion gas and the inert gas are circulated to control the oxygen concentration of the pulverizing atmosphere, thereby suppressing the ignition due to the pulverization and the drying, thereby improving the safety.

  A part of the powdered lignite obtained in this lignite drying step S21 is used for producing a biomass-modified coal, and the remaining part is used for hydrogen production by a steam-reformed hydrogen generation process 15 described later.

  Next, the powdery lignite obtained through the lignite crushing step S22 is mixed with the biomass semi-carbide obtained using palm leaf and leaf (OPF) and old palm tree (OPT) as raw materials in the half carbonizing step S6B of the half carbonizing process 12 The mixture is obtained (mixing step S23).

  In this mixing step S23, the powdery brown coal and the pulverized biomass semi-carbide are mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio using a powder mixing apparatus (mixer). In this embodiment, a mixture of powdery brown coal and biomass semi-carbide mixed at a weight ratio of 50:50 is formed.

  Next, the mixture of the powdery brown coal and the biomass semicarbide obtained in the mixing step S23 is compression-molded to obtain a briquette-like biomass-modified coal (compression molding step S24). In the compression molding step S24, for example, compression molding is performed using a briquette machine. By setting the shape and size of the briquette, the number of roll rotations, and the roll supporting pressure optimally, high strength and high density briquette-like biomass-modified coal can be produced without using a binder, and at the same time the power consumption can be suppressed. it can.

  In this series of biomass modified coal production processes 14, the first energy for operation generated from the squeeze obtained in the squeezing step S3, empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS) and palm fiber (Fiber) The second operation energy obtained from the above and the third operation energy obtained from the palm dumpling waste water (POME) are separated into respective steps (Lignite Drying Step S21, Lignite Grinding Step S22, Mixing Step S23, Compression Molding Step S24) It can be used as a source of operating energy. By this, it is possible to produce biomass-modified coal at low cost without adding new energy (electric power, steam, etc.) from the outside.

Next, the steam reforming hydrogen generation process 15 will be described.
The steam reforming hydrogen generation process 15 generates hydrocarbon gas from the powdery brown coal obtained through the first gasification process S31 for gasifying the bioethanol obtained in the bioethanol production process S4 and the brown coal crushing process S22 And a steam reforming step S33.

In the first gasification step S31, the bioethanol obtained in the bioethanol production step S4 in which the squeezed juice of old palm tree (OPT) and palm branch leaf (OPF) is fermented is converted to ethanol gas through, for example, a vaporizer.
In the second gasification step S32, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are obtained by, for example, heating the powdered lignite obtained in the lignite crushing step S22 with a heater.

In the steam reforming step S33, methane produced in the algal production oil production process 18 using the steam (high temperature steam) obtained in the energy generation step S16 and palm palm drainage (POME) in the oil / water separation step S13, The ethanol gas obtained in the gasification step S31, the carbon monoxide obtained in the second gasification step S32, and the like are reformed by the steam reforming method to generate hydrogen. The reaction for producing hydrogen from water vapor, hydrocarbon (ethanol, methanol) gas and carbon monoxide is as follows.
(1) Cn Hm + nH ₂ O → nCO + ((n + m) / 2) H ₂
(2) CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂

  In the steam reforming step S33, the renewable thermal energy obtained in the energy generation step S16 can be used as the thermal energy for the reaction. Through the steps described above, hydrogen can be efficiently produced at extremely low cost using unused biomass resources derived from the palm coconut industry and lignite produced from the vicinity of the palm coconut plantation. The hydrogen thus obtained can be liquefied for easy transportation, and can be used as a thermal energy source or raw material gas for a wide range of industries.

Next, the water electrolysis hydrogen generation process 16 will be described.
The water electrolysis hydrogen generation process 16 includes an electrolysis step S34 for electrolyzing water by the electric power generated using the heat energy obtained in the energy generation step S16. In the electrolysis step S34, hydrogen can be produced at extremely low cost by electrolyzing water using electric power, which is renewable energy manufactured using raw biomass resources derived from the palm palm industry. The hydrogen thus obtained can be liquefied for easy transportation, and can be used as a thermal energy source or raw material gas for a wide range of industries.

Next, the algal oil production process 18 will be described.
In the algae production oil production process 18, palm palm drainage (POME) generated in the oil / water separation step S13 is used. Table 2 shows an example of such properties of palm palm drainage (POME).

  First, the high aerophilic waste liquid treatment of this palm dumpling waste water (POME) is performed (highly aspiration waste liquid drainage process step S41). In this highly aerophilic waste water treatment step S41, first, the organic matter of palm palm drainage (POME) is put into an anaerobic state, and it is decomposed by the anaerobic microorganisms to produce lower fatty acid, and then it is converted to methane and carbon dioxide. It decomposes (methane fermentation method). Methane gas generated by the decomposition can be effectively used as a biomass fuel.

  Methane fermentation does not require aeration energy and produces less sludge. Although the mesophilic method which processes at 30-38 degreeC is common, the high temperature method performed at 50-58 degreeC can also be used for a methane fermentation method. In the methane fermentation method, the higher the temperature, the faster the nitrification rate, but the greater the energy consumption. The optimum range of pH is usually near neutral, and when the concentration of acids is high and the pH is lowered, methane fermentation may be modulated. The average retention time is about 20 to 30 days, the decomposition rate of the organic matter is about 50%, and the digestion is promoted if the efficiency such as the stirring in the tank is increased. The proportion of methane in the gas is about 60% and contains about 2% hydrogen.

  When methane fermentation is used for the anaerobic treatment of the high aeration waste liquid treatment step S41, it is obtained in the energy generation step S16 using empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS) or palm fiber (Fiber). By appropriately adjusting the liquid temperature of palm coconut drainage (POME) using thermal energy which is renewable energy and performing anaerobic treatment, treatment can be performed without consuming external energy.

  Further, in the high aeration aerobic drainage processing step S41, the organic substance of palm palm drainage (POME) is put into an aerobic state, and the organic substance is decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water by the aerobic microorganism group. A representative example of aerobic treatment is the activated sludge method. The activated sludge method efficiently decomposes organic substances while blowing air into floating microorganisms, and is widely used for large-scale sewage treatment and industrial wastewater treatment.

  The treated water obtained by treating palm dumpling waste water (POME) in the high aeration waste drainage treatment step S41 is next used for cultivating hydrocarbon-producing algae (algal breeding step S42). In the algae growing step S42, hydrocarbon-produced algae are grown using the treated water obtained in the high aeration waste drainage treatment step S41, and the hydrocarbon-producing algae is caused to produce hydrocarbons (lipids).

  Hydrocarbon-producing algae are a group of microalgae and accumulate oil (hydrocarbon) as a storage material in the body. Examples of hydrocarbon-producing algae include Botryococcus braunii, Pseudochoricytistis elipsoidea, Aurantiochytrium, Icedamos (Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus) and the like. In recent years, algae that have a higher oil accumulation efficiency than these hydrocarbon-producing algae are being studied.

A) solar energy, b) nutrients, c) water resources, d) suitable temperature, e) vast land, f) agitation, g) CO ₂ supply, for algal culture and algal biofuel production Various factors such as h) intrusion prevention of other microorganisms, i) modification of the extract oil, j) treatment of the extraction residue (eg methane fermentation), k) recovery and reuse of input nutrient salts, etc. are intertwined.

In the process of the present invention, most problems can be solved inexpensively and easily with sustainability because the existing palm industry and an industry utilizing unused biomass resources derived from the palm industry exist.
a) Solar energy Because palm oil trees are grown only in a region about 15 degrees north and south at longitude around the equator, solar energy is supplied at a level that causes no problem at all in the algae culture proposed by this process.
b) Nutrients Nutrients are inorganic salts such as N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), Si (silicon), etc. necessary for the normal life of plants, and originally only palm-derived substances. The treated water which is POME extremely low in other mixtures and highly aerobic treated contains N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and Si (silicon) sufficiently.
c) Water resources d) Suitable temperature With highly aerobic treatment, BOD: up to 20 mg / L, COD: up to around 400 mg / L, there is no problem as water resource for algae production, and also about the additional water volume. There is abundant water resources from groundwater, and suitable temperature control is also possible.
As an example, monthly average temperature and precipitation in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) are shown in FIG.
As in the graph shown in FIG. 8, in Malaysia, which is a suitable place for the palm industry, a heavy rainfall can be clearly seen at a relatively constant temperature of 25 ° C. to 28 ° C.
With regard to water resources, it is possible to control fluctuations by using stable and managed water resources processed from palm oil mill wastewater and using abundant groundwater, and cheap energy is also supplied in this system regarding water temperature. As a result, even in the case of the water temperature with little fluctuation originally, higher temperature control can be performed.
e) Extensive land The farm area per oil mill in the palm industry is about 10,000 ha on average, and there are 434 plants in Malaysia, for example, in 2014.
As the palm industry requires a large area from the beginning, the barriers to land problems in this system are extremely small. In addition to the new form of use of the former open lagoon, it is not a problem to divert nearby farm land.
f) Stirring
In this system, due to the existence of cheap and large amount of renewable energy, there is no supply of power energy required for stirring and economic problems, and it is a large site, but there is no work or the like that becomes a barrier. Installation and maintenance are easy.
g) Supply of CO ₂ Carbon dioxide obtained from, for example, the bioethanol production process, the hydrogen production process, the methane fermentation process, the energy generation process, etc. described above can be aerated directly to the culture pond to promote the growth of algae. Algae takes in and fixes carbon dioxide in the body by photosynthesis and produces organic matter.
h) Invasion prevention of other microorganisms,
In this system, there is less entry of other microorganisms from the upstream side than using stable and managed water resources processed from palm oil mill wastewater. However, there are other microbial entry risks for using the open lagoon.
i) Reforming of Extracted Oil In this system, there is no problem of heat and power energy required for reforming due to the existence of inexpensive and large amount of renewable energy.
Also, the reforming itself can be reformed separately with methane reforming, ethanol reforming, etc. performed in the present system.
j) Treatment of extraction residue (eg methane fermentation)
For example, there are treatment methods such as dry residue fuel production, methane fermentation of plant residue, etc. However, since EFB combustion ash becomes potassium fertilizer, it is recommended to produce self-sufficient fertilizer for agricultural land where nitrogen and phosphorus of residue are added. .
k) Recovery and Reuse of Input Nutrients In this system, as mentioned above, nutrients are originally contained in the treated water of palm palm drainage (POME), so there is no need for recovery and reuse.

  In the algae growing step S42, a culture pond to which the treated water and hydrocarbon producing algae treated in the high aeration waste drainage treatment step S41 are diverted from the old open lagoon, and a large culture vessel (storage tank) to be newly introduced. The oil (hydrocarbon) is efficiently accumulated in the body of the hydrocarbon-producing algae by performing temperature control suitable for cultivation of a predetermined algae using the method.

  Also in such algae growing step S42, using empty energy bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS) or palm fiber (Fiber), using thermal energy and electric power which are renewable energy obtained in energy generation step S16. By performing temperature control and sunshine management in the culture pond and the culture vessel of the hydrocarbon-producing algae, it is possible to grow the hydrocarbon-producing algae without consuming external energy.

The hydrocarbon producing algae in which the oil (hydrocarbon) is accumulated up to a predetermined standard is taken out from the treated water by the algae growing step S42. And algae production oil is separated from hydrocarbon production algae which accumulated oil (hydrocarbon) in a body (algal production oil separation process S43). In the algae-produced oil separation step S43, the algae-produced oil (green oil) contained in the body of the hydrocarbon-producing algae is separated using, for example, a centrifuge. The separated algae-produced oil (green oil) can be used, for example, as a substitute fuel for diesel oil through appropriate purification steps and the like. Since biofuel obtained from algae is similar in chemical structure to diesel oil, infrastructure such as oil production facilities and storage facilities can be diverted from existing diesel.
Table 3 shows comparative examples of oil production amounts of various crops and microalgae.

 The existing open lagoon is determined by the volume to secure the hydraulic retention time (HRT) required to reduce the content of organic matter (assessed as BOD or COD) in palm palm drainage (POME) Be done.

To meet DOE drainage standards (especially BOD <20 mg / L), which will be strictly enforced from 2020, HRT is required about 120 days, temporarily averaging the size of oil mill, FFB processing capacity: 60 tFFB / Considering in h, the palm palm drainage (POME) of the mill is up to 936 m ³ / d, and in the lagoon it is necessary to take into account the mixed rainfall, which is calculated with approximately twice the drainage capacity. Accordingly, when about 2000 m ³ / d draining the required capacity ^{(2000m 3 / d × 120d =} 240000m 3 staying 120 days, if the depth of the POND and 5m ^uniform, the area of 240000m 3 / 5m = 48000m ² From 1ha = 10000m ² , the area is 4.8ha, and when the old open lagoon is diverted 4.8ha with the microalga (2) in Table 3, the production amount is 4.8 × 58,7000 = 281,760 L / Year.

  Also in such algal production oil separation step S43, thermal energy and electric power which are renewable energy obtained in the energy generation step S16 using empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm coconut shell (PKS) and palm fiber (Fiber) are used. By separating algal oil (green oil) by using it, it supplies the large energy necessary for the separation of algal oil, which was the main cause of the high cost of algal oil (green oil) from the outside It is not necessary and greatly contributes to cost reduction of algae production oil (green oil).

  In addition, the algae grown in the algae growing step S42 constitutes the bottom of the food chain of the organism, and the zooplankton eats the algae, which in turn eats small fish, large fish and the like. That is, with the introduction of highly-favored-aerobic drainage treatment of palm palm drainage (POME), the old open lagoon can be used as various aquaculture ponds in addition to the algae growing process, which will create a new business.

  On the other hand, the residue after separating the algae-produced oil in the algae-produced oil separation step S43 and the residue generated in the highly aerobic waste liquid treatment step S41 are put together to produce residue fuel through processes such as fermentation. Examples of such residual fuel include methane gas and biomass fuel such as fermented solid fuel.

  A method of adding algae separation residue to fertilizer by empty fruit bunch (EFB) incineration ash + palm coconut drainage (POME) sludge residue, or sugar, protein, lipid and mineral are nutritionally balanced in algae It is included, and there is also a usage as a halal feed for breeding of livestock for meat including cattle.

  Moreover, the drainage after removing the hydrocarbon-producing algae in the algae growing step S42 not only contains an organic substance, but is discolored to dark green or brown. Since discharging the discolored drainage to a river or the like reduces the aesthetics of the river, decolorization treatment with activated carbon using unused biomass derived from the palm industry is performed (activated carbon treatment step S44). In this activated carbon treatment step S44, activated carbon is added to the drainage after the removal of the hydrocarbon-producing algae in the algae growing step S42, and decolorization is performed until the color tone becomes nearly colorless. Moreover, the excess organic substance is also adsorbed by the activated carbon. The drainage adjusted to meet the water quality standard by the activated carbon treatment step S44 is discharged to the river.

  The broken activated carbon can not be used as waste but can be used as a fertilizer for palm plantations. This broken activated carbon contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, and also has the effect and water retention effect of preventing the outflow by rainwater by returning it to the farmland and incorporating it.

Compared to general (1) bioethanol (carbohydrate alcohol fermentation) and (2) biodiesel (vegetable oil modification) production, biomass fuel production by algae has the following characteristics.
(A) Do not compete with food production.
(B) Productivity per unit area is higher than that of plants (see Table 3).
(C) It can be used on land not suitable for plant cultivation.
(D) A high contribution rate to CO ₂ fixation.
In the system for producing algal production oil utilizing unused biomass resources derived from the palm industry of the present patent, there are further advantages as follows.
(E) Energy cost, culture pond production cost by using the open lagoon for old POME treatment, residual processing cost, utility maintenance cost, etc. become low, and the overall algae production oil production cost can be significantly reduced.
(F) It can create various aquaculture businesses using the food chain. From this aquaculture project, food and livestock feed can be produced and become halal food.
(G) A carbon neutral business that is a renewable energy that uses palm-derived unused biomass resources, and can prevent global warming putrefaction gases by leaving the current biomass resources, and greenhouse gases emitted from POME to the atmosphere It can be a CO ₂ reduction business.
(H) Algae-derived biomass fuel can be produced, which is covered by renewable energy, such as manufacturing energy and transport energy of all process energy of the system.

  Assuming the production volume in Malaysia with reference to the oil production volume of microalga (2) according to Table 3, (a) the number of oil mills in Malaysia in 2014 = 434 factories, (b) 281760 L / year (average 60 60 tFFB It is assumed that this is 434 factories × 281 kL / year ≒ 130,000 kL / year (example in Malaysia).

  As described above, according to the method for producing algal production oil using biomass resources of the present invention, palm branch and leaf (OPF), palm old tree (OPT), empty fruit bunch ( EFB) Produces methane and bioethanol using palm coconut shell (PKS) and palm fiber (Fiber) palm palm waste water (POME) that were simply incinerated, and generates water vapor and electricity using surplus energy And cultivate hydrocarbon-producing algae using these renewable energy, and separate the algae-producing oil from the grown hydrocarbon-producing algae, so it is possible to reduce the cost of algae-producing oil at a low cost without newly supplying external raw materials and energy. It becomes possible to obtain (green oil). The ability to reduce the production cost of algae production oil (green oil), which has conventionally been a problem in terms of production cost, contributes to the spread of algae production oil (green oil) at an industrial level.

  In addition, waste products generated in the palm palm industry can be recycled without being discharged as waste, so purification of wastewater and generation of greenhouse gases can be suppressed, so it is possible to use palm palm plantations suitable for environmental conservation. Contribute to sustainable management.

1 Palm palm 2 Tree trunk 3 Palm leaf and leaf (OPF)
4 Fruit 4A Epicarp 4B Flesh (Medium peel)
4C palm palm kernel 6 leaves (Rachis)
7 Petiole
10 Biomass raw material and energy system utilizing lignite 11 Harvesting and separation process 12 Semi-carbonization process 13 Palm oil production process 14 Biomass reforming carbon production process 15 Steam reforming hydrogen production process 16 Water electrolysis hydrogen production process 17 Hydrogen production process 18 Algal production oil Manufacturing process

Claims (9)

A process of harvesting palm palm trees from palm palm trees and separating them according to site, a palm oil production process of producing palm oil from the fruit bunches of the palm palms divided by the sorting process, and pellets for fuel from the palm palms A semi-carbonizing process for producing biomass semi-carbide to be used as a raw material, and an algal production oil production process for producing algal production oil from palm palm drainage and hydrocarbon producing algae produced in the palm oil production process,
The algae production oil production process uses a biomass resource using biomass resources, characterized in that the regenerated energy generated using the emissions generated in the palm oil production process is used as a growth energy source for the hydrocarbon-producing algae. The manufacturing method of the algae production oil used. The sorting process comprises a harvesting step of separating and harvesting the fruit bunch and palm leaves and leaves growing around the fruit bunch from the palm palm tree,
The semi-carbonizing process comprises: a squeezing step of squeezing the palm leaves and leaves to separate a squeezed liquid and a first solid residue; a semi-carbonizing step of semi-carbonizing the first solid residue to obtain biomass semi-carbide; The method comprises: a compression molding step of compression molding semicarbide and pelletizing to obtain a solid biomass fuel; and a bioethanol production step of fermenting the squeezed liquid to produce bioethanol.
The palm oil production process comprises removing fruits from the fruit bunch and separating them into the fruits and empty fruit bunches after defruiting, and pressing the fruits to produce crude palm oil and a second solid residue. And an oil-water separation step of obtaining palm oil and the above-mentioned palm juice drainage by oil-water separation after hydrolyzing and suspending the crude palm oil.
The algal production oil production process includes an algal growth step of causing the hydrocarbon production algae to produce algal production oil comprising hydrocarbons, and an algal production oil separation step of separating the algal production oil produced by the hydrocarbon production algae A method for producing an algae-producing oil using the biomass resource according to claim 1, comprising:   The algal production oil production process further comprises an activated carbon treatment step of decoloring waste fluid containing the hydrocarbon-producing algae after deoiling discharged in the algal production oil separation step using activated carbon. The manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of 2 description.   4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising an energy generation step of generating water vapor and electric power or heat energy from palm coconut shell and palm fibers which are the second solid residue obtained in the oil extraction step. The manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource as described.   The algae-producing oil using biomass resources according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the power or heat energy generated in the energy-generating step is supplied as operation energy of the algae-producing oil production process. Manufacturing method.   A first gasification step of gasifying the bioethanol; a methane production step of producing methane by fermentation from the palm juice drainage obtained in the oil and water separation step; and a bioethanol obtained in the first gasification step The hydrogen generation process further includes: a steam reforming hydrogen production process for producing hydrogen from the gas, methane obtained in the methane production process, and steam obtained in the energy production process by a steam reforming method The manufacturing method of the algae production oil using the biomass resource of Claim 4 or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   A lignite drying step of drying lignite, a lignite crushing step of pulverizing the dried lignite to obtain a powdery lignite, a mixing step of mixing the powdery lignite and the biomass semicarbide to obtain a mixture 7. The biomass according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising: a biomass reforming carbon production process including: compression molding of the mixture to obtain solid biomass reforming carbon. Method for producing algal produced oil using resources.   8. The biomass resource according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a stalk is used as the palm leaf and leaf, among foliage on which palm foliage grows and stalks forming a clump side than the foliage. Method of producing algal produced oil   The algal oil according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein a stem of the palm palm tree is further supplied to the squeezing step in addition to the palm leaves and leaves. Production method.

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