JP2019033697A - Increasing agent of contained material in plant body, and method for increasing contained material in plant body - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、植物体内の含有物質増加剤、及び植物体内の含有物質を増加させる方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an agent for increasing a substance contained in a plant body, and a method for increasing the substance contained in a plant body.
従来より、植物体において特定の物質の含有量を増加させようとするニーズがある。このような物質としては、特定のアミノ酸類（例えば、システイン、ＧＡＢＡ（γ［Ｇａｍｍａ］‐Ａｍｉｎｏｂｕｔｙｒｉｃ Ａｃｉｄ：γ‐アミノ酪酸）、Ｌ−カルニチン、ビタミンＵ）やペプチド類（例えば、カルノシン、アンセリン、バリニルチロシン、チロシニルプロリン、ＧＳＨ：グルタミルシステイニルグリシン）が挙げられる（特許文献１等を参照）。
特許文献１に記載の技術では、収穫直前のスプラウト（植物体）を、増加させようとする物質を特定の濃度で含む溶液中に、特定の温度・照度等の環境下で、特定の時間浸漬することで、植物体における特定の物質の含有量を高めることができる。
Conventionally, there is a need to increase the content of a specific substance in a plant body. Examples of such substances include specific amino acids (for example, cysteine, GABA (γ [Gamma] -Aminobutyric Acid), L-carnitine, vitamin U) and peptides (for example, carnosine, anserine, varieties). Nyltyrosine, tyrosinylproline, GSH: glutamylcysteinylglycine) (see Patent Document 1 and the like).
In the technique described in Patent Document 1, a sprout (plant) just before harvesting is immersed in a solution containing a substance to be increased at a specific concentration for a specific time in an environment such as a specific temperature and illuminance. By doing, content of the specific substance in a plant body can be raised.
しかしながら、上述した特許文献１に記載の技術は、植物体の蒸発散機能を利用して植物体の地上部内に含有量を高めようとする物質を溶液から吸収させて留まらせているに過ぎず、植物体内で該物質を生成させて含有量を高めているわけではない。このような方法においては、含有量を高める目的で外部から取り込んで留まっている物質が、植物体内で生成された他の物質へ影響を及ぼしてしまうことが懸念される。
また、含有量の増加に係る作業においても、所定期間にわたって植物を栽培した後、別途浸漬作業を行ってから収穫したり、浸漬作業中において諸環境（温度・照度等）を調整しなければならないため、煩雑であり、かつ、植物体が置かれる環境を調整するための設備が必要となる。
However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above merely absorbs a substance whose content is to be increased in the above-ground portion of the plant body from the solution by using the evapotranspiration function of the plant body, and stays there. However, the content is not increased by generating the substance in the plant body. In such a method, there is a concern that a substance taken in from the outside for the purpose of increasing the content may affect other substances produced in the plant body.
Also, in the work related to the increase in content, after cultivating the plant for a predetermined period, it must be harvested after performing a separate immersion work, or various environments (temperature, illuminance, etc.) must be adjusted during the immersion work. Therefore, it is complicated and equipment for adjusting the environment where the plant body is placed is required.
本発明は、このような状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、増加させようとする物質を植物体内で生成させることを前提としつつ、工程数が少なく、かつ、簡便な作業によって植物体内の含有物質を増加させることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and it is premised that a substance to be increased is generated in the plant body, and the number of steps is small, and inclusion in the plant body by a simple operation. The purpose is to increase the substance.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の一態様の植物体内の含有物質増加剤は、少なくとも、アルデヒド基を有する化合物を含むことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the contained substance increasing agent in a plant according to one embodiment of the present invention includes at least a compound having an aldehyde group.
本発明によれば、工程数が少なく、かつ、簡便な作業によって植物体内の含有物質を増加させることができる。 According to the present invention, the number of steps is small, and the contained substances in the plant body can be increased by a simple operation.
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明するが、本発明は以下の実施形態に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
（植物体内の含有物質増加剤）
本発明の植物体内の含有物質増加剤（以下、「本発明の増加剤」ともいう。）は、アルデヒド基を有する化合物を少なくとも含む。アルデヒド基を有する化合物としては、２位に二重結合をもつアルデヒドであることが好ましく、本発明の効果を特に奏しやすいという観点から、後述する青葉アルデヒドが最も好ましい。
(Ingredients for increasing substances in plants)
The contained substance increasing agent in the plant body of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the increasing agent of the present invention”) includes at least a compound having an aldehyde group. As the compound having an aldehyde group, an aldehyde having a double bond at the 2-position is preferable, and from the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention are particularly easily obtained, Aoba aldehyde described below is most preferable.
発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、アルデヒド基を有する化合物を収穫後の植物体（トマト等）に対して曝露処理することで、植物体内の所望の物質の含有量を増加させることができる点を見出した。 As a result of intensive studies, the inventors have been able to increase the content of a desired substance in a plant body by exposing a compound having an aldehyde group to a plant body (such as tomato) after harvesting. I found.
ここで、青葉アルデヒドについて説明する。
青葉アルデヒドは、トランス-2-ヘキセナール（trans-2-hexenal）とも称され、脂肪族アルデヒドの一種である。
また、青葉アルデヒドは、図５に示す構造式によって表すことができ、化学式はＣ６Ｈ１０Ｏである。
Here, Aoba aldehyde will be described.
Aoba aldehyde is also called trans-2-hexenal and is a kind of aliphatic aldehyde.
Aoba aldehyde can be represented by the structural formula shown in FIG. 5, and the chemical formula is C 6 H 10 O.
本発明の増加剤には、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で、アルデヒド基を有する化合物以外の物質が含まれていてもよい。本発明の増加剤は青葉アルデヒドからなることが好ましい。 The increasing agent of the present invention may contain substances other than the compound having an aldehyde group as long as the effects of the present invention are not inhibited. The increasing agent of the present invention preferably comprises green aldehyde.
本発明の増加剤によって増加させることができる物質（以下、「植物体内の含有物質」ともいう。）としては、植物体内に存在する任意の物質が挙げられ、例えば、エチレン、グルコース、ＧＡＢＡ、及び有機酸（クエン酸、リンゴ酸）を例示できる。 Examples of the substance that can be increased by the increasing agent of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “substance contained in a plant”) include any substance present in the plant, such as ethylene, glucose, GABA, and An organic acid (citric acid, malic acid) can be illustrated.
上記物質のうち、エチレンは、公知のエチレン促進剤（エスレル）を用いることで、増加させることができる。しかし、天然物質である青葉アルデヒドは、生体や環境に優しい上に、液体を気化させて使用するため、取り扱い易い点でエチレン促進剤（エスレル）よりも有効であり得る。 Among the above substances, ethylene can be increased by using a known ethylene accelerator (Esrel). However, green aldehyde, which is a natural substance, is more effective than an ethylene accelerator (Esrel) in terms of ease of handling because it is friendly to living organisms and the environment and is used after vaporizing a liquid.
本発明の増加剤によって植物体としては特に限定されないが、トマト、茶葉、ナス、ピーマン、トウガラシ、カボチャ、キュウリ、ニガウリ、スイカ、レタス、キャベツ、ハクサイ、ダイズ、リョクトウ、アズキ、ソラマメ、ダイコン、ニンジン、シソ、オオバ、ミョウガ、アスパラガス、キウイ、リンゴ、ナシ、カンキツ、カキ等が挙げられる。これらのうち、トマト、茶葉が特に本発明の効果を奏しやすい点で好ましい。植物の成熟度は特に限定されない。本発明の効果が特に奏されやすい点で、植物体としては完熟してないトマトが好ましい。 The plant is not particularly limited by the increasing agent of the present invention, but tomato, tea leaf, eggplant, pepper, capsicum, pumpkin, cucumber, bitter melon, watermelon, lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, soybean, mung bean, azuki, broad bean, radish, carrot , Perilla, psyllium, myoga, asparagus, kiwi, apple, pear, citrus, oyster and the like. Among these, tomatoes and tea leaves are particularly preferable in that the effects of the present invention are easily obtained. The maturity of the plant is not particularly limited. Tomatoes that are not fully ripe are preferred as the plant because the effects of the present invention are particularly easily achieved.
（植物体内の含有物質を増加させる方法）
本発明の増加剤を、上記の植物体に曝露することで植物体内の含有物質を増加させることができる。なお、本発明において、「植物体内の含有物質が増加する」とは、植物体内の特定の物質について、本発明の増加剤に曝露しない場合に比べて、本発明の増加剤に曝露した場合において該物質の植物体内濃度が増加していることを意味する。
(Method of increasing the amount of substances contained in plants)
The substance contained in the plant can be increased by exposing the increasing agent of the present invention to the plant. In the present invention, “the substance contained in the plant body increases” means that a specific substance in the plant body is exposed to the increasing agent of the present invention compared to the case where the specific substance in the plant is not exposed to the increasing agent of the present invention. It means that the concentration of the substance in the plant is increased.
上記の曝露工程の条件は、得ようとする効果に応じて適宜設定できる。例えば、曝露時間は３時間以上が好ましい。曝露温度は−５℃〜５０℃が好ましい。 The conditions for the above exposure process can be appropriately set according to the effect to be obtained. For example, the exposure time is preferably 3 hours or more. The exposure temperature is preferably -5 ° C to 50 ° C.
本発明の増加剤の植物体への曝露量は過度でなくとも本発明の効果が奏される。そのため、例えば、本発明の増加剤が好ましくは５０ｐｐｍ以下、さらに好ましくは２０ｐｐｍ以下、より好ましくは１５ｐｐｍ以下、最も好ましくは１０ｐｐｍ以下となる雰囲気下に植物体を曝露してもよい。本発明の増加剤の植物体への曝露量の下限値は０ｐｐｍ超となる雰囲気下であればよく、０．５ｐｐｍ以上が好ましく、１ｐｐｍ以上がより好ましい。 The effect of the present invention can be achieved even if the amount of exposure of the increasing agent of the present invention to the plant is not excessive. Therefore, for example, the plant may be exposed to an atmosphere in which the increasing agent of the present invention is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 20 ppm or less, more preferably 15 ppm or less, and most preferably 10 ppm or less. The lower limit of the exposure amount of the increasing agent of the present invention to the plant body may be in an atmosphere exceeding 0 ppm, preferably 0.5 ppm or more, and more preferably 1 ppm or more.
以下、実施例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
＜実施例１：本発明の増加剤によるトマト果実の成熟促進効果及び含有物質の増加効果＞
トマト果実に青葉アルデヒドを曝露処理することで成熟度や含有物質の生成量に及ぼす効果を検討した。
ガラス瓶内にトマト果実を入れて密閉し、トマト果実に０、１、１０、１００、又は１０００ｐｐｍの濃度の青葉アルデヒドを１時間曝露した。その後、暗所条件下で、２５℃で保存した後に、ガラス瓶内の空気を取り出して、１時間の曝露によるエチレンの増加量を測定し、次いで、保存後５時間後における植物体内の主要な代謝産物の分析を行った。本試験の結果を図１及び２に示す。
<Example 1: Maturity promotion effect of tomato fruit and increase effect of contained substances by increasing agent of present invention>
Effects of exposure to green aldehyde on tomato fruits on the maturity and the amount of contained substances were investigated.
The tomato fruit was placed in a glass bottle and sealed, and the tomato fruit was exposed to 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm green leaf aldehyde for 1 hour. Thereafter, after storage at 25 ° C. under dark conditions, the air in the glass bottle is taken out to measure the increase in ethylene by exposure for 1 hour, and then the main metabolism in the plant 5 hours after storage. Product analysis was performed. The results of this test are shown in FIGS.
図１は、トマト果実に青葉アルデヒドを処理した場合のエチレンの生成量に対する影響を示す図である。
図１に示すように、１０ｐｐｍをピークとして青葉アルデヒドの濃度と比例して、エチレン生成が促進される結果となった。一方で、１００ｐｐｍよりも高い濃度では、エチレン生成が抑制される結果となった。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the influence on the amount of ethylene produced when tomato fruit is treated with green leaf aldehyde.
As shown in FIG. 1, ethylene production was promoted in proportion to the concentration of green aldehyde with a peak at 10 ppm. On the other hand, at a concentration higher than 100 ppm, ethylene production was suppressed.
図２は、トマト果実に青葉アルデヒドを曝露処理した場合の主要代謝産物の含有量に対する影響を示す図である。
図２に示すように、グルコース、ＧＡＢＡ、クエン酸、及びリンゴ酸においては、青葉アルデヒドを処理することによって、それぞれ増加することがわかった。
詳細には、グルコースは、１ｐｐｍ濃度の青葉アルデヒドによって特に増加することがわかった。
ＧＡＢＡは、青葉アルデヒドの濃度が高いほど、増加することがわかった。有機酸であるクエン酸及びリンゴ酸は、青葉アルデヒドの濃度に関係なく増加することがわかった。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the influence on the content of main metabolites when tomato fruits are exposed to green aldehyde.
As shown in FIG. 2, it was found that glucose, GABA, citric acid, and malic acid each increased by treating green aldehyde.
Specifically, it has been found that glucose is particularly increased by a 1 ppm concentration of green aldehyde.
It has been found that GABA increases as the concentration of green aldehyde increases. The organic acids citric acid and malic acid were found to increase regardless of the concentration of green leaf aldehyde.
＜実施例２：本発明の増加剤による茶葉における含有物質（ＧＡＢＡ）の増加効果＞
収穫した茶葉を、１０ｐｐｍの濃度となるように青葉アルデヒドを１時間密閉空間で曝露処理し、曝露後のＧＡＢＡ生成量を分析した。試験は、各処理区に対して５回繰り返して行った。その結果を図３に示す。
<Example 2: Increasing effect of contained substances (GABA) in tea leaves by the increasing agent of the present invention>
The harvested tea leaves were exposed to green leaf aldehyde for 1 hour in a sealed space to a concentration of 10 ppm, and the amount of GABA produced after the exposure was analyzed. The test was repeated 5 times for each treatment section. The result is shown in FIG.
図３は、茶葉に青葉アルデヒドを曝露処理した場合のＧＡＢＡの含有量に対する影響を示した図である。
図３に示すように、青葉アルデヒドを茶葉に処理することで、ＧＡＢＡの含有量が大幅に増加することがわかった。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the influence on the GABA content when green leaf aldehyde is exposed to tea leaves.
As shown in FIG. 3, it was found that the content of GABA is significantly increased by treating green leaves with tea leaves.
従来のＧＡＢＡ含有量の高い茶葉の製造方法では、例えば、茶葉を好気条件下に所定時間置く処理（以下、「好気処理」という。）と、茶葉を嫌気条件下に所定時間置く処理（以下、「嫌気処理」という。）を所定回数交互に施して、茶葉のＧＡＢＡ含有量を増加させていた。
この場合では、各処理において装置等が必要であること、複数の処理工程が存在し作業が煩雑である。また、嫌気処理を施すことで、茶葉や半発酵状態となり、烏龍茶のような風味になってしまい、緑茶としての味わいを損ねる等の問題があった。
In a conventional method for producing a tea leaf having a high GABA content, for example, a treatment of placing tea leaves under aerobic conditions for a predetermined time (hereinafter referred to as “aerobic treatment”) and a treatment of placing tea leaves under anaerobic conditions for a predetermined time ( Hereinafter, the “anaerobic treatment”) was alternately performed a predetermined number of times to increase the GABA content of the tea leaves.
In this case, an apparatus or the like is necessary for each process, and there are a plurality of process steps, and the work is complicated. In addition, the anaerobic treatment resulted in tea leaves and a semi-fermented state, resulting in a flavor like Oolong tea, and the taste as green tea was impaired.
しかしながら、上述した本手法を用いることで、単に青葉アルデヒドが所定濃度となる空間を設ければよく、また作業工程も曝露処理のみである上に、茶葉が嫌気条件下に曝されないために半発酵状態とならずに烏龍茶化せず、緑茶としての風味等を損ねることがない。また、青葉アルデヒドを用いているため、液体を気化させて利用すればよく薬剤としての取り扱いも容易である。 However, by using this method described above, it is only necessary to provide a space in which the green aldehyde has a predetermined concentration, and the work process is only an exposure process, and the tea leaves are not exposed to anaerobic conditions. It does not become a state and does not turn into oolong tea and does not impair the flavor of green tea. In addition, since green leaf aldehyde is used, it is sufficient to vaporize the liquid and use it, and handling as a drug is easy.
上記の結果から推察される、青葉アルデヒドの曝露処理によるエチレン生成のメカニズムは、エチレンの前駆物質であるアミノシクロプロパンカルボン酸を非酵素的に開裂させることによって生じる。なお、この反応は、３０分以上の曝露処理で効果を発揮し、３時間以上曝露すれば、より好適となる。 Inferred from the above results, the mechanism of ethylene production by exposure to green aldehyde is caused by non-enzymatic cleavage of aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, which is a precursor of ethylene. This reaction is effective when exposed to exposure for 30 minutes or longer, and more suitable when exposed for 3 hours or longer.
また、青葉アルデヒドの曝露処理によるＧＡＢＡの含有量増加のメカニズムは以下の通りである。
図４は、青葉アルデヒドの曝露処理後の代謝産物の含有量を示す図である。
図４に示すように、ＧＡＢＡ含有量が増加する際に、同時にピルビン酸、アラニン、αケトグルタル酸が増加した。ＧＡＢＡとピルビン酸からアミノ基を転移してグルタミンを生成する酵素（ＧＡＢＡ ：ｐｙｒｕｖａｔｅ ｔｒａｎｓａｍｉｎａｓｅ）の活性が低下すること、またグルタミンを脱炭酸してＧＡＢＡを生成するｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅ ｄｅｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌａｓｅ活性が向上するためである。酵素活性の変化については、酵素タンパク質中のＳＨ残基などがアルデヒド基による修飾を受けて立体構造が変化するためである。
Moreover, the mechanism of GABA content increase by the green leaf aldehyde exposure treatment is as follows.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the content of metabolites after exposure treatment with green aldehyde.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the GABA content increased, pyruvic acid, alanine and α-ketoglutaric acid increased at the same time. This is because the activity of an enzyme that transfers amino groups from GABA and pyruvic acid to produce glutamine (GABA: pyruvate transaminase) decreases, and glutamate decarboxylase activity that decarboxylates glutamine to produce GABA improves. The change in the enzyme activity is due to the change in the three-dimensional structure of the SH residue in the enzyme protein that is modified by the aldehyde group.
なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的を達成できる範囲での変形、改良等は本発明に含まれるものである。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, The deformation | transformation in the range which can achieve the objective of this invention, improvement, etc. are included in this invention.
上述の実施形態では、青葉アルデヒドを例として説明したが、アルデヒド基を有する化合物であればよく、特に２位に二重結合をもつアルデヒドであればより好適であり、例えば、trans-2-hexenalを含むtrans-2-alkenal、ベンズアルデヒド、シナモンアルデヒドなどを用いることができる。 In the above-described embodiment, Aoba aldehyde has been described as an example. However, any compound having an aldehyde group may be used, and an aldehyde having a double bond at the 2-position is more preferable. For example, trans-2-hexenal Trans-2-alkenal, benzaldehyde, cinnamonaldehyde, and the like can be used.
以上、本発明のいくつかの実施形態について説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例示に過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。本発明はその他の様々な実施形態を取ることが可能であり、さらに、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、省略や置換等種々の変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、本明細書等に記載された発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。また、本発明は、上述した各実施形態及び実施例に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。また、本明細書中に記載された学術文献及び特許文献の全てが、本明細書中において参考として援用される。 As mentioned above, although several embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is only an illustration and does not limit the technical scope of this invention. The present invention can take other various embodiments, and various modifications such as omission and replacement can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention described in this specification and the like, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalent scope thereof. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims, and technical means disclosed in different embodiments are appropriately used. Embodiments obtained in combination are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, all of the academic literatures and patent literatures described in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (6)
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| "Effects of a trans-2-hexenal treatment on plant metabolome alterations - a case study with tomato fr", ISHS ACTA HORTICULTURAE 1169: II INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PYRETHRUM, JPN6021026797, 25 July 2017 (2017-07-25), pages 1 - 2, ISSN: 0004560499 * |
| NIPPON NOGEIKAGAKU KAISHI, 1987年, vol. 61, no. 7, JPN6021026798, pages 817 - 822, ISSN: 0004560501 * |
| THE PLANT JOURNAL, 2008年, vol. 53, JPN6021026799, pages 197 - 213, ISSN: 0004560500 * |
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