JP2019022942A - Classification mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a classification mechanism.SOLUTION: A classification mechanism included in a blast processing device comprises: a flow aligning member of a cylindrical shape, whose axial line extends in a horizontal direction, and whose one end face is closed by a closing plate; a classification member which is coupled to the other end of the flow aligning member so that a right angle is formed with the axial line of the flow aligning member, and which includes a space for classifying a particulate matter containing an injection material inside; a cylindrical suction member disposed inside the flow aligning member by penetrating the closing plate, and disposed coaxially with the flow aligning member; and a projection member which projects the particulate matter containing the injection material into the classification mechanism, and is disposed on a closing plate side of the flow aligning member. The suction member is coupled to a suction mechanism, and the projection member is arranged so that the injection material is transferred toward the classification member along an inner wall of the flow aligning member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a dry blasting apparatus that injects an injection material together with compressed air toward a workpiece, and particularly relates to a suction blasting apparatus and a blasting method.

  By mixing the spray material with compressed air and spraying it toward the workpiece as a solid-gas two-phase flow from the nozzle, surface treatment of the workpiece (for example, removal of burrs and scales, adjustment of the shape of the end face, surface Blasting apparatuses that perform roughness adjustment, pattern formation on a workpiece, removal of a thin film layer, and the like are known. The blasting apparatus is roughly classified into two types, a suction type and a direct pressure type, depending on the difference in the method of mixing the spray material with the compressed air.

  A suction-type blasting apparatus is configured to mix compressed air and an injection material inside a nozzle by using a suction force generated inside the nozzle by compressed air injected into the nozzle (for example, Patent Document 1). ). Since this type of blasting apparatus does not require a pressurized tank like a direct pressure type, the blasting apparatus itself is compact.

  The blast processing apparatus normally collects and classifies powder particles including the injected spray material, and then sprays only the reusable spray material from the nozzle again. In the suction type blasting apparatus, it is necessary to suck the classified spray material into the nozzle by the suction force of the nozzle. Therefore, as in Patent Document 1, it is common to arrange a classification device and a hopper for storing the classified injection material at the upper part of the housing and use gravity in addition to the suction force.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-087771

  In the conventional apparatus, since the classification device and the hopper for storing the classified injection material are arranged above, the size of the entire apparatus becomes large. For this reason, with conventional devices, for example, the maintenance of these devices when they are replaced with another type of propellant, and the maintenance work such as inspection work when these devices malfunction is good. I can't say that. Moreover, in the conventional apparatus, there exists a possibility that the conditions of the installation space at the time of arrange | positioning a blast processing apparatus in a factory may not be satisfy | filled. And in the conventional apparatus, there exists a possibility that the visual field in a factory may be obstructed. In this technical field, a compact suction type blasting apparatus and a blasting method are desired.

  One aspect of the present invention is a blasting apparatus including a blasting nozzle that sprays an injection material together with compressed air. A blasting apparatus according to one aspect includes a housing, a blasting nozzle, a classification mechanism, a suction mechanism, a storage hopper, and an injection material transfer mechanism. The casing defines a blasting chamber which is a space closed inside. The blasting nozzle is accommodated in the blasting chamber and injects the spray material together with the compressed air. The classifying mechanism is connected to the blast processing chamber and classifies the powder and granular material containing the propellant therein. The suction mechanism is connected to the classification mechanism and sucks the inside of the classification mechanism. The storage hopper is connected to the classification mechanism and stores the injection material classified by the classification mechanism. The injection material transfer mechanism is provided in the storage hopper, and transfers the injection material stored in the storage hopper to the blasting nozzle. The blasting nozzle has an air nozzle for supplying compressed air, an injection nozzle for injecting the injection material and compressed air, and an injection material suction port into which the air nozzle and the injection nozzle are inserted and connected to the injection material transfer mechanism. Having a nozzle holder. The storage hopper is disposed below the blasting nozzle.

  In one aspect of the present invention, since the classification mechanism is disposed at a lower position than in the prior art, the entire blasting apparatus is compact. However, when the storage tank is located at the bottom of the casing, that is, below the blasting nozzle, it is possible to stably transfer the propellant to the blasting nozzle only by the suction force generated inside the blasting nozzle. Have difficulty. In one aspect of the present invention, since the injection material transfer mechanism is provided, the injection material can be stably transferred to the blasting nozzle.

  In one embodiment, the blasting apparatus may further comprise a base. And a housing | casing may be arrange | positioned at this base so that the said blast processing chamber may be spaced apart and supported from the said base. The classification mechanism and the storage hopper may be disposed inside the casing and between the blasting chamber and the base. Since the classification mechanism is disposed at a lower position than in the prior art, the blasting apparatus becomes more compact.

  In one embodiment, the propellant transfer mechanism may suck outside air by a suction force generated by supplying compressed air from the air nozzle into the nozzle holder and transfer the propellant using the flow of the outside air. . Without separately providing a power source for transferring the propellant, the propellant can be stably transferred to the blasting nozzle.

  In one embodiment, the storage hopper may have a first side surface and a second side surface facing the first side surface. The injection material transfer mechanism passes through the first side surface, the rear end passes through the position of the injection material take-out pipe disposed inside the storage hopper, and the second side surface facing the injection material take-out pipe, and the tip is And an outside air introduction pipe disposed inside the storage hopper. The spray material can be transferred to the blasting nozzle with a simple configuration.

  In one embodiment, the tip of the outside air introduction pipe may be inserted into the injection material take-out pipe, and the gap between the outer wall of the outside air introduction pipe and the inner wall of the injection material take-out pipe may be adjustable. With this configuration, the amount of the spray material transferred to the blasting nozzle can be arbitrarily set, so that the processing capability can be set.

  In one embodiment, the outside air introduction pipe is continuously formed such that its outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the injection material take-out pipe, and the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the injection material take-out pipe at the tip of the outside air introduction pipe. A portion that reduces the diameter may be provided. The clearance between the outer wall of the outside air introduction pipe and the inner wall of the injection material take-out pipe can be easily adjusted.

  In one embodiment, the classification mechanism may include a rectifying member, a classification member, a suction member, and an input member. The rectifying member has a cylindrical shape, is provided so that the axis extends in the horizontal direction, and one end surface is closed by a closing plate. The classifying member is connected to the other end of the rectifying member so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the rectifying member, and has a space for classifying the granular material containing the injection material therein. The suction member has a cylindrical shape, is disposed inside the rectifying member through the closing plate, and is disposed concentrically with the rectifying member. The charging member is a member for charging the granular material containing the spray material into the classification mechanism, and is provided on the closing plate side of the rectifying member. The suction member is connected to the suction mechanism, and the input member is disposed so that the injection material is transferred toward the classification member along the inner wall of the rectifying member. With this configuration, since the classifying mechanism can be made smaller than the conventional cyclone classifier, the entire blasting apparatus can be made compact.

  In one embodiment, the rectifying unit is formed by the inner wall surface of the rectifying member and the outer wall surface of the suction member located inside the rectifying member, and the wall surface of the classification member at a position facing the end surface of the rectifying unit is the end surface. The ratio of the length from the end face of the rectifying unit to the wall surface of the classification member at the position facing the end face with respect to the length of the rectifying unit may be 1.25 to 1.75. In one form, in the rectifying unit, the ratio of the diameter of the rectifying member to the diameter of the suction member may be 1.5 to 2.0. By setting it as this range, since the granular material containing an injection material can be rectified favorably in a rectification | straightening part, only the reusable injection material can be collect | recovered accurately.

  One embodiment of the blasting method by the blasting apparatus having these configurations includes a suction step of sucking the blasting chamber by a suction mechanism, and supplying compressed air to the air nozzle to direct the spray material from the spray nozzle to the workpiece. And a step of cleaning the workpiece by colliding the injection material, and a classification step of recovering the injection material from the granular material containing the injected injection material by a classification mechanism. The classification step includes a step of generating a gas flow toward the classification member while turning the rectifying unit while making the inside of the classification mechanism negative pressure by the operation of the suction mechanism, and the classification including the injection material from the input member. A step of throwing the powder into the mechanism, a step of moving the powder particles toward the classification member while swirling the air particles by an air flow, and a material for the injection from the powder particles containing the injection material that has reached the classification member And a step of sucking the remaining granular material from the suction member. According to one embodiment, the reusable spray material can be accurately collected without using a vertical air classifier such as a conventional blasting apparatus, so that even if a plurality of workpieces are blasted, the processing is performed. Blasting can be performed with little variation.

  As described above, according to various aspects and embodiments of the present invention, a blasting apparatus more compact than a conventional blasting apparatus and a processing method using the apparatus are provided.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the external appearance of the blast processing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 1A is a front view, FIG. 1B is a right side view, and FIG. 1C is a rear view. It is a schematic diagram which shows the AA cross section in (A) of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (partial cross-sectional view) for explaining the blasting nozzle shown in FIG. 2. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the classification mechanism shown in FIG. 4A is a side view, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing a cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 4A. It is a schematic diagram explaining the storage hopper and the injection material transfer mechanism which are shown in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the blasting method of the blasting apparatus shown in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the classification process of the blast processing apparatus shown in FIG.

  An example of the blasting apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and changes, modifications, and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In the following description, “up / down / left / right directions” refer to directions in the drawings unless otherwise specified. “Up and down” is the Z direction in the drawing, “Left and right” is the X direction in the drawing, the depth direction is the positive direction of the Y axis in the drawing, and the near side is the negative direction of the Y axis in the drawing.

  1 and 2 show a blasting apparatus 1 according to this embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an appearance of a blasting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. 1A is a front view, FIG. 1B is a right side view, and FIG. 1C is a rear view. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an AA cross section in FIG. The blasting apparatus 1 includes, for example, a blasting nozzle 10, a housing 20, a classification mechanism 30, a suction mechanism 40, a storage hopper 50, an injection material transfer mechanism 60, and a base 70 that forms a bottom surface.

  The blasting nozzle 10 is a so-called suction type. The blast processing nozzle 10 is disposed in a blast processing chamber R described later, and injects an injection material together with compressed air. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (partial sectional view) for explaining the blasting nozzle shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the blasting nozzle 10 includes, for example, a nozzle holder 11, a cylindrical air nozzle 12, and a cylindrical injection nozzle 13. As for the nozzle holder 11, the mixing chamber 11c which mixes compressed air and an injection material is formed in the inside. The nozzle holder 11 includes three openings that communicate with the mixing chamber 11c. For example, the nozzle holder 11 includes an injection material suction port 11a, an air nozzle insertion port 11d, and an injection nozzle insertion port 11e. The center of the air nozzle insertion port 11d and the injection nozzle insertion port 11e is coaxial. The injection material suction port 11a is formed in a direction crossing the direction in which the air nozzle insertion port 11d and the injection nozzle insertion port 11e are arranged. The injection material suction port 11 a is an opening for introducing (suction) the injection material into the nozzle holder 11. The injection material suction port 11 a communicates with a path 11 b formed inside the nozzle holder 11. The path 11b communicates with the mixing chamber 11c. The air nozzle 12 is fixed by being inserted into the air nozzle insertion port 11d (one end side of the nozzle holder 11 (upper end surface side in FIG. 3)). The injection nozzle 13 is fixed by being inserted into the injection nozzle insertion port 11e (the other end side of the nozzle holder 11). The air nozzle 12 and the injection nozzle 13 are arranged so that the center lines of the respective cross sections are located on substantially the same line. A mixing chamber 11 c is defined inside the nozzle holder 11 by the inner surfaces of the nozzle holder 11 and the injection nozzle 13.

  The air nozzle 12 is a nozzle for injecting compressed air into the nozzle holder 11. The compressed air path 12a has an accelerating portion 12b for accelerating the flow velocity of the compressed air. The air nozzle 12 is connected to a compressor (not shown).

  The injection nozzle 13 is a nozzle for injecting the compressed air and the injection material mixed in the mixing chamber 11c as a solid-gas two-phase flow from the injection port 13a. The solid-gas two-phase flow path includes an accelerating portion 13c continuously reduced in diameter from the end surface on the nozzle holder 11 side toward the tip, and a rectification that rectifies the flow of the solid-gas two-phase flow that has passed through the accelerating portion 13c. Part 13d.

  When compressed air is injected into the nozzle by the air nozzle 12, a suction force is generated inside the nozzle holder 11, that is, in the mixing chamber 11c. Since the magnitude of this suction force varies depending on the distance between the tip of the air nozzle 12 and the inner wall surface of the injection nozzle 13, the air nozzle 12 is adjusted in the vertical direction so as to obtain an optimum suction force, and the nozzle is not shown with a bolt or the like (not shown). Secure to the holder 11. The propellant charged (sucked) from the propellant suction port 11a passes through the path 11b and is transferred to the mixing chamber 11c. The injection material that has reached the mixing chamber 11c is mixed with compressed air. The mixed compressed air and the injection material are injected from the injection port 13a through the path 13b.

  Adjustment of the injection pressure from the injection nozzle 13 is performed by a pressure adjustment valve V disposed on the front surface of the outer frame 23 described later. The pressure regulating valve V is provided in a path from an external air compressor (not shown) to the air nozzle 12. The pressure of the compressed air is adjusted by the pressure adjustment valve V so that the numerical value of the pressure gauge connected to the pressure adjustment valve V indicates a predetermined pressure during the injection from the injection nozzle 13. In the middle of this path, a solenoid valve E and a foot switch (not shown) connected to the solenoid valve E are further provided, and the solenoid valve E is turned ON / OFF by the foot switch, that is, the air nozzle 12. The presence or absence of supply of compressed air to can be switched.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the housing 20 includes, for example, an upper casing 21, a lower casing 22, and an outer frame 23 fixed to the lower casing 22. The casing 20 defines a blast processing chamber R therein. Specifically, a blasting chamber R is defined inside the upper casing 21 and the lower casing 22.

  The upper casing 21 has, for example, a box shape with an open bottom. The shape of the opening is, for example, a quadrangle. The upper casing 21 is one of the members that define the blast processing chamber R. Specifically, the upper casing 21 includes a top surface and a bottom surface that face each other in parallel to the base 70, and four side surfaces that are erected perpendicular to the bottom surface (left and right side surfaces that face each other, a front surface, and a front surface). And a slope provided to connect the top surface to the front surface and the back surface. An observation window (view window) 21 a through which the inside of the blast processing chamber R can be observed is provided on the slope on the front side of the upper casing 21. Further, a lighting window 21 b for taking outside light into the blasting chamber R is provided on the top surface of the upper casing 21. The observation window 21a and the daylighting window 21b are formed by fitting a visible plate member made of, for example, quartz glass into a window frame member. A working part 21 c is provided on the front surface of the upper casing 21. The working unit 21 c is an opening that communicates with the blast processing chamber R. The working unit 21c serves both as an intake port for taking in outside air when the inside of the blasting chamber R is sucked and an opening for an operator to put his hand into the blasting chamber R during blasting. In the present embodiment, a rubber plate provided with a plurality of radial cuts from the center is fixed to the working portion 21c.

  The lower casing 22 has, for example, an inverted truncated cone shape with an upper end surface opened. The lower casing 22 is one of the members that define the blast processing chamber R. The lower casing 22 has an upper end surface that is slightly larger than the bottom surface of the upper casing 21, and has a shape in which the cross-sectional area continuously decreases toward the bottom surface. A frame body 22 a on which the lower end of the upper casing 21 is fitted is erected on the upper end of the lower casing 22. In addition, a charging member 34 described later is connected to the lower end of the lower casing 22, and the blast processing chamber R and the classification mechanism 30 are connected via the charging member 34.

  The outer frame 23 has, for example, a box shape with upper and lower end surfaces opened. The shape of the opening is, for example, a quadrangle. The outer frame 23 is erected on the base 70. The upper end of the outer frame 23 is fixed to the frame 22 a of the lower casing 22. That is, the outer frame 23 supports the lower casing 22 while being separated from the base 70. The outer frame 23 can fix the lower casing 22 to the base 70 so as to have a predetermined height. Openings (notches) 23 a and 23 b are respectively provided in the lower part of the front surface and the back surface of the outer frame 23. As will be described later, the opening 23a on the front side of the outer frame 23 is used by an operator when maintaining the classification mechanism 30, the suction mechanism 40, the storage hopper 50, or the injection material transfer mechanism 60. Can be used to access The opening 23 b on the back side of the outer frame 23 can exhaust the air sucked by the suction mechanism 40 and dissipate heat generated by the suction mechanism 40.

  Further, a hinge 24 is provided on the rear surface of the outer frame 23 so that the lower end of the rear surface of the upper casing 21 and the upper end of the rear surface of the outer frame 23 (that is, the lower casing 22) are connected. Thereby, the upper casing 21 is provided so that rotation is possible centering on the lower end of the back surface. More specifically, the upper casing 21 is rotatable around a hinge 24. By rotating the upper casing 21, the blasting chamber R can be opened and closed on the front surface of the blasting apparatus 1. A latch lock 25 is provided on the front surface of the outer frame 23. The upper casing 21 and the outer frame 23 (that is, the lower casing 22) are fixed by the latch lock 25.

  A sensor S that detects that the upper casing 21 is closed is provided on a side surface of the outer frame 23. If the sensor S does not detect that the upper casing 21 is closed, the blasting apparatus 1 does not operate. That is, in the state where the blasting chamber R is open, the injection material cannot be injected from the blasting nozzle 10. For this reason, the safety of the worker is improved.

  In the blasting chamber R, a processing plate 26 on which a workpiece can be placed when performing blasting is fixed. The processed plate 26 is provided with a plurality of openings through which the granular material containing the propellant can pass toward the bottom.

  As the classifying mechanism 30, a vertical cyclone classifier may be arranged so as to be positioned below the blasting nozzle 10, but in this embodiment, a classifying mechanism 30 having a configuration as shown in FIG. 4 is used. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the classification mechanism 30 shown in FIG. 4A is a side view, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing a cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 4A. As shown in FIG. 4, the classification mechanism 30 of the present embodiment is supplied with a granular material containing an injection material from the lower casing 22. The classification mechanism 30 includes, for example, a cylindrical rectifying member 31 having both ends opened, a substantially box-shaped classification member 32, a cylindrical suction member 33, and a rectangular cylindrical charging member 34.

  The cylindrical straightening member 31 has an axis (center axis) extending in the horizontal direction (X direction). One end surface of the rectifying member 31 (the right end surface in FIG. 4B) is closed by a ring-shaped closing plate 31a and a suction member 33 described later. A charging member 34 is connected to the lower end of the rectifying member 31. As a result, the granular material is supplied into the rectifying member 31 through the charging member 34. The other end of the rectifying member 31 (the left end surface in FIG. 4B) is connected to the upper portion of the classification member 32. Thereby, the inside of the rectification member 31 and the inside of the classification member 32 communicate with each other.

  The box-shaped classification member 32 has a vertically long rectangle when viewed from the front direction (positive direction of the Y axis), and has an upper portion that is circular and a lower portion that is shorter than the upper portion when viewed from the side surface direction (X direction). More specifically, the upper part of the classification member 32 has a circular shape whose longitudinal section viewed from the side of the apparatus (the viewpoint (X direction) in FIG. 4A) is equal to or larger than the diameter of the rectifying member 31. The classification member 32 is connected to the other end of the rectifying member 31 so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the rectifying member 31. The lower part of the classification member 32 is extended so that a space | interval narrows toward the lower end from an upper end. That is, the area of the cross section of the lower part of the classification member 32 is continuously reduced toward the lower end. The lower end of the side surface of the classification member 32 is opened. A storage hopper 50 is fixed to the bottom of the classification member 32.

  The cylindrical suction member 33 has an axis (center axis) extending in the horizontal direction (X direction). The outer diameter of the suction member 33 is smaller than the inner diameter of the rectifying member 31. The suction member 33 is disposed inside the rectifying member 31. The suction member 33 is disposed concentrically with the rectifying member 31. As described above, the rectifying member 31 and the suction member 33 form a double cylindrical structure. One end of the suction member 33 (the right end in FIG. 4B) is connected to the opening of the ring-shaped closing plate 31a. One end of the suction member 33 is connected to the suction mechanism 40.

  When the suction mechanism 40 is operated, the space of the rectifying member 31 and the classification member 32 is sucked from the suction member 33, so that the granular material including the outside air and the injection material is sucked into the classification mechanism 30 from the input member 34. The introduced outside air is directed toward the classification member 32 by the suction force from the suction member 33. Here, as shown in FIG. 4A, the input member 34 is provided so that the lower end surface 34 a thereof is tangent to the circumferential inner wall surface of the rectifying member 31. As a result, the sucked outside air is directed to the classification member 32 along the inner wall of the rectifying member 31 through the flow path (rectifying portion 31 b) formed by the inner wall surface of the rectifying member 31 and the outer wall surface of the suction member 33. Flows in a spiral. The granular material containing the propellant is transported toward the classification member 32 on this airflow. The feeding member 34 may be provided so that the extended imaginary line of the upper end surface 34 b is tangent to the outer circumferential wall surface of the suction member 33. Even in this case, the sucked outside air flows spirally toward the classification member 32 along the outer wall of the suction member 33 in the rectifying unit 31b, and the granular material including the propellant is transported by this air flow. Is done.

  The granular material containing the injection material that has passed through the rectifying unit 31 b continues to advance while further turning and reaches the classification member 32. Then, the vehicle further advances while decelerating while continuing to turn (arrow “a” in FIG. 4B). When decelerating, the reusable propellant, which is heavy particles, falls to the bottom of the classification member 32 due to gravity and accumulates in the storage hopper 50 (arrow “b” in the figure). On the other hand, cutting powder generated by blasting or non-reusable spray material that is light particles (hereinafter collectively referred to as “dust”) is sucked into the suction mechanism 40 from the suction member 33 (the arrow “ c ").

  Here, the classification member located at the position facing the tip surface from the length of the rectifying unit 31b or the tip surface of the rectifying unit 31b (that is, the tip surface of the suction member 33 and the left cross section in FIG. 4B). If the length to the wall surface of 32 is too short, the classification efficiency decreases. If the length of the rectifying unit 31b is too short than necessary, the granular material containing the propellant cannot sufficiently obtain a turning force, so that it is sucked from the front end surface of the rectifying member 31 immediately after passing through the rectifying unit 31b. Will be. At that time, since the reusable spray material is also sucked, the classification efficiency is lowered. Moreover, if the length from the front end surface of the rectifying unit 31b to the wall surface of the classification member 32 located at the position facing the front end surface is too short than necessary, the propellant collides with the wall surface and rebounds without being sufficiently decelerated. Since the reusable injection material that has reached the vicinity of the suction member 33 is sucked from the front end surface of the suction member 33, the classification efficiency is lowered. On the other hand, if the length of the rectifying unit 31b or the length from the front end surface of the rectifying unit 31b to the wall surface of the classification member 32 at a position facing the front end surface is too long than necessary, the classification mechanism 30 itself is increased in size. Therefore, in order to obtain good classification efficiency and prevent the classification mechanism 30 from becoming unnecessarily large, the position of the rectifying unit 31b from the front end surface to the length L1 of the rectifying unit 31b is opposed to the front end surface. The ratio (L2 / L1) of the length L2 to the wall surface of a certain classification member 32 may be set in the range of 1.25 to 1.75.

  In the rectifying unit 31b, if the diameter of the rectifying member 31 is too small with respect to the diameter of the suction member 33, the space of the rectifying unit 31b is too narrow and the passage of the granular material containing the injection material is hindered. As a result, in the rectifying unit 31b, the speed of the powder particles containing the propellant to be advanced toward the classification member 32 is reduced, and is immediately sucked from the front end surface of the suction member 33 after passing through the rectifying unit 31b. . At that time, since the reusable spray material is also sucked, the classification efficiency is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the rectifying member 31 so that the granular material containing the propellant can pass through satisfactorily, but if it is too large, the classification mechanism 30 is enlarged. Further, if the diameter of the suction member 33 is too small, the suction speed becomes too fast and the reusable spray material is also sucked, so that the classification efficiency is lowered. When the diameter of the suction member 33 is too large, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the rectifying member 31 as described above, so that the classification mechanism 30 is enlarged. Therefore, the ratio (D2 / D1) of the diameter D2 of the rectifying member 31 to the diameter D1 of the suction member 33 is 1. You may set in the range of 5-2.0.

If the air flow rate in the rectifying unit 31b is too slow, the speed of the granular material containing the injection material becomes too slow, and the air is sucked from the tip surface of the suction member 33 immediately after passing through the rectifying unit 31b. If the air volume is too fast, the speed of the powder containing the spray material becomes too high, and the powder containing the spray material that has bounced off the wall of the classification member 32 moves to the vicinity of the tip of the suction member 33. In any case, since the reusable spray material is also sucked, the classification efficiency is lowered. Therefore, in order to obtain good classification efficiency, the air volume at the tip of the rectifying unit 31b may be adjusted to be 2.1 to 3.6 m ³ / min.

  In the classification mechanism 30 of the present embodiment, it is possible to classify the injection material generally used in blasting. The propellant includes ferrous and non-ferrous metal shots and cut wires and grids, ceramic particles (eg, alumina, silicon carbide, zircon, etc.), glass particles, resin particles (eg, nylon resin, melamine resin, urea) Resin), plant seed particles (for example, walnuts and peaches), and the like. The particle diameter is appropriately selected according to the specific gravity of these propellants. For example, in the case of a propellant having a specific gravity of 1.1 to 4.0 (alumina particles, glass beads, nylon, walnuts, etc.), the propellant having a particle diameter of 45 to 850 μm and a specific gravity of 7.2 to 7.9 In the case of (iron-based shot or the like), it can be selected from the range of 45 to 500 μm.

  The classification member 32 is not limited to the shape of the present embodiment, and may be a cylindrical shape or a polygonal cylindrical shape. Moreover, you may have the part which reduced the area of the cross section continuously toward the lower end like this embodiment.

  The classifying mechanism 30 of the present embodiment is smaller than the classifier used in a conventional blasting apparatus such as a vertical cyclone classifier. For this reason, the whole blast processing apparatus can be made compact.

  The suction mechanism 40 includes a suction mechanism main body 41 that is a sealed box, and a suction force generation source 42 connected to the suction mechanism main body 41. The suction mechanism main body 41 is connected to the classification mechanism 30, and a filter (not shown) for collecting dust is provided in the suction mechanism main body 41 in the path between the suction member 33 and the suction force generation source 42. Has been placed. When the suction force generation source 42 is operated, dust in the classification mechanism 30 is sucked into the suction mechanism body 41 together with air. The sucked dust is collected by the filter when it is further transferred toward the suction force generation source 42, and only air is transferred to the suction force generation source 42. The collected dust can be collected by an operator accessing the opening / closing door 41a provided on the front surface of the suction mechanism main body 41 through the opening 23a, opening the opening / closing door 41a, and removing the filter. . The operation of the suction force generation source 42 is switched by operating the operation panel P disposed on the front surface of the outer frame 23.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the storage hopper and the injection material transfer mechanism shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end of the storage hopper 50 is fixed to the bottom of the classification member 32 of the classification mechanism 30. The storage hopper 50 has a box shape in which the internal space communicates with the classification mechanism 30. An injection material discharge member 51 is provided at the bottom of the storage hopper 50, and an opening for discharging the injection material in the storage hopper 50 is provided at the lower end of the injection material discharge member 51. A closing plug 52 is fitted into this opening. The stopper plug 52 of the present embodiment has a truncated cone shape made of rubber. When exchanging the spray material used in the blasting process, after removing the stopper plug 52 and taking out the spray material, the stopper plug 52 may be fitted again.

  In order to transfer the injection material stored in the storage hopper 50 to the blasting nozzle 10, an injection material transfer mechanism 60 for the injection material is arranged in the storage hopper 50. As shown in FIG. 5, the injection material transfer mechanism 60 includes a circular injection material take-out pipe 61, a circular outside air introduction pipe mounting member 62, and an outside air introduction pipe 63. The injection material take-out pipe 61 is fixed so that the rear end 61a penetrates the side wall 50a (first side surface) (the left side wall in FIG. 5, the negative direction of the Y axis) of the storage hopper 50. The outside air introduction pipe attachment member 62 is fixed so as to penetrate the side wall 50b (second side face) (the right side wall in FIG. 5, the positive direction of the Y axis) facing the injection material take-out pipe 61 in the storage hopper 50. . The outside air introduction pipe 63 is inserted and fixed to the outside air introduction pipe mounting member 62.

  The outside air introduction pipe 63 is fixed so that its tip 63 a is positioned in the injection material take-out pipe 61. The injection material take-out pipe 61 is connected to the injection material suction port 11 a of the blasting nozzle 10. Due to the suction force generated inside the blasting nozzle 10, an air flow toward the blasting nozzle 10 is generated in the injection material take-out pipe 61. At that time, outside air is sucked from the outside air introduction pipe 63. That is, the external airflow is jetted at the tip of the external air introduction pipe 63. Due to this air flow, an air flow toward the injection material suction port 11a is generated in the vicinity of the right end of the injection material take-out pipe 61. The propellant in the storage hopper 50 is sucked into the propellant take-out pipe 61 and transferred to the blasting nozzle 10 by riding on this airflow.

  The outside air introduction pipe 63 should just be located in the injection material extraction pipe | tube 61 at least the front-end | tip 63a. For this reason, the outside air introduction pipe 63 may be a circular pipe whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the injection material take-out pipe 61. Alternatively, the outside air introduction pipe 63 has a shape in which the outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the injection material take-out pipe 61 and a portion that continuously decreases in diameter so that the tip 63 a becomes smaller than the inner diameter of the injection material take-out pipe 61. It is good. In the latter configuration, the gap between the outer wall of the outside air introduction pipe 63 and the inner wall of the injection material take-out pipe 61 can be adjusted by adjusting the left and right positions of the outside air introduction pipe 63. By changing the size of the gap, the amount of the injection material sucked into the injection material take-out pipe 61 can be changed. If this gap is too wide, the spray material cannot be stably sucked into the spray material take-out pipe 61, so the spray amount from the blasting nozzle 10 is not stable. That is, stable blasting cannot be performed. Moreover, when this clearance gap is too narrow, it will inhibit that an injection material passes this clearance gap. By adjusting the gap, it is possible to adjust the amount of the injection material (mixing ratio of the injection material to the compressed air) transferred to the blasting nozzle 10, so that the ability of blasting can be achieved by operating the outside air introduction pipe 63. Can be adjusted.

  As described above, since the classification mechanism 30, the suction mechanism 40, and the storage hopper 50 are smaller than the conventional blasting apparatus, they can be arranged on the base 70 so as to be included in the outer frame 23. Moreover, since it can be stably transferred to the blasting nozzle 10 by the injection material transfer mechanism 60, stable blasting can be performed. As a result, a compact and stable blasting process can be performed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, a bulky base 71 having a U-shaped vertical cross section can be fixed to the base 70. When installing the blasting apparatus, the bulky base 71 can be easily moved by a forklift or the like.

(Blasting method)
Next, the blasting method by the blasting apparatus 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a blasting method of the blasting apparatus shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the operation panel P is operated, the suction mechanism 40 is operated, and the inside of the blast processing chamber R is sucked (S10: suction step). Next, the latch lock 25 is unlocked, and the upper casing 21 is opened (S12). Next, a predetermined amount of the injection material is put into the blast processing chamber R, and the injection material is transferred to the storage hopper 50 through the classification mechanism 30 (S14). Thereafter, the upper casing 21 is closed and locked by the latch lock 25 to fix the upper casing 21 and the lower casing 22 (S16). Thereby, the blast processing chamber R which is a closed space is formed. Since the blasting chamber R is sucked by the suction mechanism 40, it becomes negative pressure, and the outside air flows into the blasting chamber R from the working portion 21c.

  An operator wears gloves and inserts his / her hand through the working unit 21c to hold the blasting nozzle 10. Next, the foot switch is turned “ON” to inject a solid-gas two-phase flow containing the injection material from the injection port 13a. At that time, the pressure adjusting valve V disposed on the front surface of the blasting apparatus 1 is operated, and the pressure is adjusted while confirming with a pressure gauge disposed on the front surface of the blasting apparatus 1 so that a predetermined injection pressure is obtained. Thereafter, the foot switch is turned “OFF” to stop the injection of the injection material, and the hand is extracted (S18).

  Next, the latch lock 25 is unlocked, the upper casing 21 is opened (S20), and a work (workpiece) is placed on the processed plate 26 (S22). Thereafter, the upper casing 21 is closed and locked by the latch lock 25 to fix the upper casing 21 and the lower casing 22 (S24).

  After operating the operation panel P and the operator inserting his / her hand through the working portion 21c to grip the blasting nozzle 10 and the workpiece, the foot switch is turned “ON” to inject a solid-gas two-phase flow from the injection port 13a ( S26: injection process). Then, the workpiece is scanned with respect to the ejection port 13a by the operator himself / herself through the gloves, so that the workpiece is cleaned (S28: cleaning step). At this time, since the inside of the blasting chamber R is at a negative pressure, the granular material including the spray material (the spray material and dust) does not leak out of the blast processing chamber R.

  The state of blasting can be performed from the observation window 21a provided on the front side slope. Further, since the daylighting window 21b is provided on the top surface, the blasting chamber R can be observed without providing a projector in the blasting chamber R.

  A classification step is performed during the processing of S26 and S28. FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a classification process of the blasting apparatus shown in FIG. The granular material containing the injection material injected from the injection port 13 a is transferred to the classification mechanism 30 by the suction force of the suction mechanism 40. In the classification mechanism 30, it is separated into reusable spray material and dust. Specifically, the classification mechanism 30 has a negative pressure due to the suction force of the suction mechanism 40, and an air flow toward the classification member 32 is generated while turning in the rectifying unit 31b (S40). First, the granular material containing the propellant is charged into the classification mechanism 30 from the charging member 34 by this negative pressure (S42). The granular material containing the injection material that has reached the rectifying unit 31b advances toward the classification member 32 while turning by the air current generated in the rectifying unit 31b (S44). The reusable injection material that is heavy among the injection materials that have reached the classification member 32 falls due to gravity and is stored in the storage hopper 50 located below (S46). The reusable injection material transferred to the storage hopper 50 is transferred to the blasting nozzle 10 by the injection material transfer mechanism 60 and is again injected from the injection port 13a. On the other hand, light dust is sucked into the suction mechanism 40 and collected by the filter in the suction mechanism body 41 (S48). Above, the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 is complete | finished.

  Returning to FIG. 6, when the solid-gas two-phase flow is injected toward the work for a predetermined time, the foot switch is turned “OFF” to stop the injection of the solid-gas two-phase flow, and the hand is extracted. Thereafter, the latch lock 25 is unlocked, the upper casing 21 is opened, and the workpiece is collected (S30, S32). A series of blast processing shown in FIG. 6 is completed by removing the spray material and dust adhering to the workpiece.

  When a predetermined amount of dust collected on the filter in the suction mechanism main body 41 accumulates and the suction capacity decreases, the solid-gas two-phase flow injection and the suction mechanism 40 are stopped, and then the worker can The opening / closing door 41a located on the front surface of the blasting apparatus 1 is accessed through the opening 23a, the opening / closing door 41a is opened, the filter is removed, and the filter is cleaned. The degree of dust accumulation may be managed by attaching a differential pressure gauge to the suction mechanism main body 41 and managing this value, but may be managed to the extent that the filter is cleaned after one day of work.

  When it is necessary to discharge the spray material from the blasting device 1 in order to change the spray material or to clean the blasting device 1, the worker is in a state where the upper casing 21 and the lower casing 22 are fixed. Accesses the stopper plug 52 through the opening 23 a of the outer frame 23, removes the stopper plug 52, discharges the injection material in the storage hopper 50, and then connects the stopper plug 52 to the opening of the injection material discharge member 51 again. Fit. Then, a nozzle (not shown) for injecting compressed air is inserted from the working unit 21c to remove the spray material and dust adhering in the blasting chamber R by air blowing, and from the blasting nozzle 10 by the foot switch. The injection material is removed from the injection material path by injection. By repeating this operation, the spray material in the blasting apparatus 1 can be completely discharged.

  Next, the result of verifying the blasting apparatus 1 of this embodiment will be described.

  Alumina-based particles (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd .: AF24) were used as the propellant, and alumina-based fine particles (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd .: WA # 800) were used as the pseudo dust. As the initial granular material, the powder material weighed and mixed so that the propellant is 98% and the pseudo dust is 2% is stored in the storage hopper 50, and then the blasting apparatus 1 is operated for 10 minutes. Particles were jetted.

After the operation of the blast processing apparatus 1 was stopped, the granular material in the storage hopper 50 was collected. After the collected powder was classified with a sieve having an aperture of 0.500 mm, the weights of the large particles and fine particles were measured, and the following were calculated and evaluated.
(1) Ratio of weight of large particle after test to initial powder weight (2) Ratio of weight of fine particle after test to total weight of powder after test The evaluation criteria are as follows: .

  ○ (1) is 95% or more and (2) is less than 1%.

  Δ (1) is 95% or more, and (2) is more than 1% and less than 5%.

  X: (1) is less than 95%, or (2) is 5% or more.

In the test, the ratio (L2 / L1) of the length L2 from the front end surface of the rectifying unit 31b to the wall surface of the classification member 32 at the position facing the front end surface with respect to the length L1 of the rectifying unit 31b, and the suction member 33 The ratio (D2 / D1) of the diameter D2 of the rectifying member 31 to the diameter D1 and the air volume at the rectifying unit 31b were each changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

The ratio (L2 / L1) of the length L2 from the front end surface of the rectifying unit 31b to the wall surface of the classification member 32 at the position facing the front end surface with respect to the length L1 of the rectifying unit 31b is 1.25 to 1.75. When the ratio (D2 / D1) of the diameter D2 of the rectifying member 31 to the diameter D1 of the suction member 33 is 1.50 to 2.00 and the air volume in the rectifying unit 31b is 2.1 to 3.6 m ³ / min, All became "(triangle | delta)" or "(circle)" evaluation (Examples 1-8). Examples 1 and 4 in which L2 / L1 or D2 / D1 was relatively low were evaluated as “Δ”, but this evaluation is slightly inferior in classification performance, but it is only about “◯” when the conditions are optimized. Shows things. Therefore, it was suggested that the present invention can be sufficiently applied to a blast processing apparatus. On the other hand, when the air volume deviated from 2.1 to 3.6 m ³ / min, all were evaluated as “x”, and it was found that the classification performance was inferior (Comparative Examples 1 and 2).

  As described above, it is possible to provide a blasting apparatus and a blasting method which are compact and can be stably blasted and have excellent operability.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Blast processing apparatus, 10 ... Blast processing nozzle, 11 ... Nozzle holder, 11a ... Injection material suction port, 11b ... Path (injection material), 11c ... Mixing chamber, 11d ... Air nozzle insertion port, 11e ... Injection nozzle insertion Mouth, 12 ... Air nozzle, 12a ... Path (compressed air), 12b ... Acceleration part (compressed air), 13 ... Injection nozzle, 13a ... Injection port, 13b ... Path (solid-gas two-phase flow), 13c ... Acceleration part, 13d ... Rectification part (solid-gas two-phase flow), 20 ... Housing, 21 ... Upper casing, 21a ... Observation window, 21b ... Daylighting window, 21c ... Working part, 22 ... Lower casing, 22a ... Frame, 23 ... Outside Frame, 23a ... opening, 24 ... hinge, 25 ... latch lock, 26 ... processed plate, 30 ... classification mechanism, 31 ... rectifying member, 31a ... closing plate, 31b ... rectifying portion, 32 ... classification member, 33 ... suction member , 34 .. input member, 4 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Suction mechanism, 41 ... Suction mechanism main body, 41a ... Opening / closing door, 42 ... Suction force generation source, 50 ... Storage hopper, 51 ... Injection material discharge member, 52 ... Closure stopper, 60 ... Injection material transfer mechanism, 61 ... Injection material Extraction pipe, 62 ... outside air introduction pipe mounting member, 63 ... outside air introduction pipe, 70 ... base, 71 ... bulky base, a, b, c ... flow of air flow, propellant and dust in the classification mechanism, E ... electromagnetic Valve, P ... operation panel, S ... sensor, V ... pressure regulating valve.

Claims (3)

A classification mechanism provided in a blasting machine,
A rectifying member having a cylindrical shape, provided so that the axis extends in the horizontal direction, and having one end face closed by a closing plate;
A classifying member connected to the other end of the rectifying member so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the rectifying member, and having a space for classifying the granular material containing the spray material inside;
A cylindrical suction member disposed through the closing plate and disposed inside the rectifying member, and disposed concentrically with the rectifying member;
A member for charging the granular material containing the propellant into the classification mechanism, the charging member provided on the closing plate side of the rectifying member;
With
The suction member is connected to a suction mechanism;
The classification member is a classification mechanism in which the injection member is arranged so that the injection material is transferred toward the classification member along the inner wall of the rectifying member. A rectifying part is formed by the inner wall surface of the rectifying member and the outer wall surface of the suction member located inside the rectifying member,
The wall surface of the classification member at a position facing the end face of the rectifying unit is parallel to the end face;
2. The classification according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a length from an end surface of the rectifying unit to a wall surface of the classification member at a position facing the end surface with respect to a length of the rectifying unit is 1.25 to 1.75. mechanism.   The classification mechanism according to claim 2, wherein in the rectifying unit, a ratio of a diameter of the rectifying member to a diameter of the suction member is 1.5 to 2.0.

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