JP2018537093A - 異所性石灰化障害を治療するための組成物およびそれを使用する方法 - Google Patents
異所性石灰化障害を治療するための組成物およびそれを使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、35U.S.C.119条(e)に基づいて、2015年11月20日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/257,883号に係る優先権を主張する。当該仮出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
石灰化とは、カルシウム塩が体組織に蓄積することである。石灰化は、通常、骨が形成されている間に起こるが、カルシウムは、動脈、軟骨、および心臓弁などの軟部組織に異常に沈着することもある。アテローム性動脈硬化症、脳卒中、弁膜症、および静脈瘤の患者では血管石灰化がよく発症する。高齢および糖尿病を含む代謝障害が寄与因子である。
Yは存在しないか、または
からなる群より選択される配列であり、配列中、nはそれぞれの場合に独立して1〜20の整数である。
本発明は、エクトヌクレオチドピロホスファターゼ/ホスホジエステラーゼ(ENPPまたはNPP)酵素ファミリーの一員であるENPP3(NPP3とも知られる)には強力なATP加水分解酵素活性があるという発見に関する。本明細書において証明されるように、ENPP3はATPをAMPおよびPPiに加水分解する。
特に定義のない限り、本明細書で使用する技術用語および科学用語は全て、本発明が属する当業者に一般的に理解されているものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載のものと同様のまたは等価な任意の方法および材料を本発明の実施または試験において使用することができるが、好ましい方法および材料を説明する。
ある特定の態様では、本発明のポリペプチドは、式(I):エクスポート(EXPORT)-タンパク質(PROTEIN)-Z-ドメイン(DOMAIN)-X-Y(I)を有し、(I)において、エクスポート(EXPORT)は存在しないか、または輸送シグナル配列またはその生物学的に活性な断片であり、タンパク質(PROTEIN)はENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)またはその生物学的に活性な断片であり、ドメイン(DOMAIN)はヒトIgG Fcドメインおよびヒトアルブミンドメインからなる群より選択され、XおよびZは独立して存在しないか、または1〜20個のアミノ酸を含むポリペプチドであり、Yは存在しないか、または
からなる群より選択される配列であり、配列中、nはそれぞれの場合に独立して1〜20の整数である。
本発明は、病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害の治療または予防を必要とする対象において、病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害を治療または予防する方法を提供する。さらに、本発明は、血漿中ピロリン酸(PPi)が少ないかまたは血清中リン酸(Pi)が多い対象において血管石灰化を低減または予防する方法を提供する。さらに、本発明は、NPP1欠損症またはNPP1関連疾患を有する対象を治療する方法を提供する。さらに、本発明は、ENPP3ポリペプチド、その断片、誘導体、変異体、または変異体断片の活性またはレベルの増加が望ましい対象において障害および疾患を治療または予防する方法を提供する。
本発明は、本発明のポリペプチドを含む薬学的組成物を本発明の方法において使用することを企図する。
投与計画は、有効量を構成するものに影響を及ぼす可能性がある。例えば、いくつかの分割投与量ならびに時間をずらした(staggered)投与量が毎日または連続して投与されてもよい。または、用量は連続注入されてもよく、ボーラス注射でもよい。さらに、治療状況または予防状況の切迫した要件により示されるように、治療用製剤の投与量は比例して増やしてもよく減らしてもよい。
本発明の任意の組成物の投与経路には、吸入投与、経口投与、鼻投与、直腸投与、非経口投与、舌下投与、経皮投与、経粘膜投与(例えば、舌下投与、舌投与、(経)頬投与、(経)尿道投与、腟投与(例えば、経腟投与および膣周囲投与)、鼻(鼻腔内)投与、ならびに(経)直腸投与)、膀胱内投与、肺内投与、十二指腸内投与、胃内投与、くも膜下腔内投与、皮下投与、筋肉内投与、皮内投与、動脈内投与、静脈内投与、気管支内投与、吸入投与、ならびに局所投与が含まれる。
経口適用の場合、錠剤、糖衣錠、液体、ドロップ、坐剤、またはカプセル、カプレットおよびゲルキャップが特に適している。経口投与に適した他の製剤には、粉末状もしくは顆粒状の製剤、水性もしくは油性の懸濁液、水性もしくは油性の溶液、パスタ剤、ゲル、練り歯磨き、口腔洗浄薬、コーティング、オーラルリンス(oral rinse)、またはエマルジョンが含まれるが、これに限定されない。経口使用を目的とした組成物は、当技術分野において公知の任意の方法に従って調製することができ、このような組成物は、錠剤の製造に適した不活性な無毒の薬学的賦形剤からなる群より選択される1種類または複数種の薬剤を含有してもよい。このような賦形剤には、例えば、不活性希釈剤、例えば、ラクトース;造粒剤および崩壊剤、例えば、コーンスターチ;結合剤、例えば、デンプン;ならびに潤滑剤、例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウムが含まれる。
本明細書で使用する、薬学的組成物の「非経口投与」は、対象の組織に物理的に穴を作り、組織にある穴を通して薬学的組成物を投与することを特徴とする任意の投与経路を含む。従って、非経口投与には、薬学的組成物の注射、外科的切開部を通した薬学的組成物の適用、組織を貫通する非外科的創傷を通した薬学的組成物の適用などによる薬学的組成物の投与が含まれるが、これに限定されない。特に、非経口投与は、皮下注射、静脈内注射、腹腔内注射、筋肉内注射、胸骨内注射、および腎臓透析注入法を含むが、これに限定されないことが意図される。
本発明のさらなる剤形には、米国特許第6,340,475号、同第6,488,962号、同第6,451,808号、同第5,972,389号、同第5,582,837号、および同第5,007,790号に記載の剤形が含まれる。本発明のさらなる剤形はまた、米国特許出願第20030147952号、同第20030104062号、同第20030104053号、同第20030044466号、同第20030039688号、および同第20020051820号に記載の剤形も含む。本発明のさらなる剤形はまた、PCT出願番号WO03/35041、WO03/35040、WO03/35029、WO03/35177、WO03/35039、WO02/96404、WO02/32416、WO01/97783、WO01/56544、WO01/32217、WO98/55107、WO98/11879、WO97/47285、WO93/18755、およびWO90/11757に記載の剤形も含む。
本発明の薬学的組成物の徐放製剤または持続放出製剤は従来の技術を用いて作製することができる。場合によっては、使用される剤形は、例えば、望ましい放出プロファイルを提供するために、比率の異なる、ヒドロプロピルメチル(hydropropylmethyl)セルロース、他のポリマーマトリックス、ゲル、透析膜、浸透圧系、多層コーティング、微粒子、リポソーム、もしくはマイクロスフェア、またはその組み合わせを用いて、その中にある1種類または複数種の活性成分をゆっくりと放出するか、または徐放するものとして提供することができる。本明細書に記載の徐放製剤を含む、当業者に公知の適切な徐放製剤は、本発明の薬学的組成物と共に使用するために容易に選択することができる。従って、徐放用に合わせられた、経口投与に適した単一単位剤形、例えば、錠剤、カプセル、ゲルキャップ、およびカプレットが本発明に含まれる。
ENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)
シグナル配列ENPP7(SEQ ID NO:2)
シグナル配列ENPP7(SEQ ID NO:3)
シグナル配列ENPP5(SEQ ID NO:4)
シグナル配列ENPP1-2-1(SEQ ID NO:5)
(一重下線)-(二重下線):一重下線から二重下線に移る位置で切断されるようにNPP2の1〜27番目の残基と交換した残基。
SEQ ID NO:6 (DSS)n、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:7 (ESS)n、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:8 (RQQ)n、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:9 (KR)n、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:10 Rn、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:11 (KR)n、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:17 En、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
SEQ ID NO:18 Dn、配列中、nは1〜20の整数である。
太字の残基=NPP1に由来するアミノ酸配列;一重下線を引いた残基=NPP2に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=IgG Fcドメインのアミノ酸配列。ある特定の態様では、IgG Fcドメインは、サブクラスIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4のいずれかより選択される。他の態様では、Fcドメインの代わりにアルブミンドメインが用いられる。
一重下線を引いた残基=NPP7に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=IgG Fcドメインのアミノ酸配列。ある特定の態様では、IgG FcドメインはサブクラスIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4のいずれかより選択される。他の態様では、Fcドメインの代わりにアルブミンドメインが用いられる。
一重下線を引いた残基=NPP5に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=IgG Fcドメインのアミノ酸配列。ある特定の態様では、IgG FcドメインはサブクラスIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4のいずれかより選択される。他の態様では、Fcドメインの代わりにアルブミンドメインが用いられる。
太字の残基=NPP1に由来するアミノ酸配列;一重下線を引いた残基=NPP2に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=スペーサー配列およびアルブミンドメインのアミノ酸配列。
一重下線を引いた残基=NPP7に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=スペーサー配列およびアルブミンドメインのアミノ酸配列。
一重下線を引いた残基=NPP5に由来するシグナルペプチド配列;二重下線を引いた残基=スペーサー配列およびアルブミンドメインのアミノ酸配列。
図1A〜1Cは、hNPP3定常状態ATP加水分解活性の研究を図示したグラフを含む。
以下の非限定的な動物モデルを用いて、低ピロリン酸(PPi)に起因するヒト疾患に対する、現在、請求されている組成物の効力を試験することができる。
2.乳児全身性動脈石灰化症(GACI)のenpp12asj/2asjモデル; Li, et al., 2014, PloS one 9(12):e113542.
3.弾力線維性仮性黄色腫(PXE)のABCC6-/-マウスモデル; Jiang, et al., 2007, J. Invest. Derm. 127(6):1392-402.
4.X連鎖性低リン酸血症(XLH)のHYPマウスモデル; Liang, et al., 2009, Calcif. Tissue Int. 85(3):235-46.
5.ハッチンソン・ギルフォード・プロジェリア症候群(Hutchison-Gilford Progeria Syndrome)のLmnaG609G/+マウスモデル; Villa-Bellosta, et al., 2013, Circulation 127(24):2442-51.
6.後縦靱帯骨化(OPLL)(Okawa, et al., 1998, Nature Genetics 19(3):271-3; Nakamura, et al., 1999, Human Genetics 104(6):492-7)および変形性関節症(Bertrand, et al., 2012, Annals Rheum. Diseases 71(7):1249-53)のTip toe walking (ttw) マウスモデル
7.アデニン飼料を与えた慢性腎臓病(CKD)のラットモデル; Schibler, et al., 1968, Clin. Sci. 35(2):363-72; O’Neill, et al., 2011, Kidney Int. 79(5):512-7.
8. アデニン飼料を与えた慢性腎臓病(CKD)のマウスモデル; Jia, et al., 2013, BMC Nephrol. 14:116.
9.CKDの5/6th腎摘出ラットモデル; Morrison, 1962, Lab Invest. 11:321-32; Shimamura & Morrison, 1975, Am. J. Pathol. 79(1):95-106.
10.GACIおよび骨減少のENPP1ノックアウトマウスモデル; Mackenzie, et al., 2012, PloS one 7(2):e32177.
ENPP3は、CHOまたはHEK293哺乳動物細胞のいずれかにおいて安定したトランスフェクションを確立することによって産生される。このタンパク質は付着細胞または懸濁細胞のいずれかにおいて産生することができる。安定細胞株を樹立するために、NPP3融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列(図3〜5およびSEQ ID NO:1〜29)を、大規模タンパク質産生に適切したベクターに導入した。商業的供給業者から入手可能な、これらの様々なベクターがあり、これらのベクターのうちどれでも使用することができる。
本発明のある特定の態様は、どの個体が、軟部組織の異所性石灰化、血管内壁石灰化、少ない骨密度、骨減少、脳卒中、関節炎、および/または遺伝性のくる病の疾患になる危険があるか確かめるためのバイオマーカーとしての血漿中ピロリン酸の使用を意図する。有力な臨床研究所、例えば、Mayo Medical Laboratory(www dot mayomedicallaboratories dot com/test-catalog/alphabetical/P)もしくはイェール大学または有力な民間リファレンスラボラトリー(reference laboratory)、例えば、ARUP(ltd dot aruplab dot com/Search/Browse/P)もしくはThe Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute(www dot specialtylabs dot com/about_us/)によって提供される臨床検査カタログに血漿中PPi検査がないことで証明されるように、血漿中PPiは、上記の障害の危険がある個体を予測するのに臨床において用いられたことがない。
Claims (38)
- 式(I)の単離されたポリペプチドまたはその薬学的な塩もしくは溶媒和物:
エクスポート(EXPORT)-タンパク質(PROTEIN)-Z-ドメイン(DOMAIN)-X-Y(I)
式中、
エクスポート(EXPORT)は、存在しないか、または輸送シグナル配列もしくはその生物学的に活性な断片であり、
タンパク質(PROTEIN)は、ENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)またはその生物学的に活性な断片であり、
ドメイン(DOMAIN)は、ヒトIgG Fcドメインおよびヒトアルブミンドメインからなる群より選択され、
XおよびZは、独立して、存在しないか、または1〜20個のアミノ酸を含むポリペプチドであり、
Yは、存在しないか、または
からなる群より選択される配列であり、nはそれぞれの場合に独立して1〜20の整数である。 - タンパク質(PROTEIN)またはその変異体のヌクレアーゼドメインが存在しない、請求項1記載のポリペプチド。
- エクスポート(EXPORT)が、存在しないか、またはSEQ ID NO:2〜5からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載のポリペプチド。
- XおよびZが、独立して、存在しない、20アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、19アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、18アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、17アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、16アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、15アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、14アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、13アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、12アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、11アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、10アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、9アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、8アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、7アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、6アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、5アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、4アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、3アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、2アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、および1アミノ酸からなるポリペプチドからなる群より選択される、請求項1記載のポリペプチド。
- ドメイン(DOMAIN)が、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4からなる群より選択されるヒトIgG Fcドメインである、請求項1記載のポリペプチド。
- SEQ ID NO:19、21、および22からなる群より選択される、請求項5記載のポリペプチド。
- ドメイン(DOMAIN)が、ヒトアルブミンドメインである、請求項1記載のポリペプチド。
- SEQ ID NO:24、25、および26からなる群より選択される、請求項7記載のポリペプチド。
- NPP3の可溶性領域を含みかつ膜貫通ドメインおよびシグナルペプチドを欠く単離されたポリペプチドまたはその融合タンパク質であって、該ポリペプチドが、石灰化および骨化の疾患に罹患している対象に投与されたときに細胞石灰化を低減する、前記単離されたポリペプチドまたはその融合タンパク質。
- ENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)またはその生物学的に活性な断片を含む、請求項9記載のポリペプチド。
- SEQ ID NO:1またはその生物学的に活性な断片から本質的になる、請求項10記載のポリペプチド。
- 病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害の治療または予防を必要とする対象において、病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害を治療または予防する方法であって、治療的有効量の少なくとも1種類の請求項1記載の単離されたポリペプチドを該対象に投与する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 前記疾患または障害が、乳児全身性動脈石灰化症(GACI)、特発性乳児動脈石灰化症(IIAC)、弾力線維性仮性黄色腫(PXE)、OPLL、低リン血症性くる病、変形性関節症、アテローム性動脈硬化巣の石灰化、弾力線維性仮性黄色腫、遺伝性および非遺伝性の変形性関節症、強直性脊椎炎、加齢に伴う動脈硬化、ならびに末期腎臓病に起因するカルシフィラキシー(または慢性腎臓病に伴う骨ミネラル代謝異常)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- タンパク質(PROTEIN)またはその変異体のヌクレアーゼドメインが存在しない、請求項12記載の方法。
- エクスポート(EXPORT)が存在しないか、またはSEQ ID NO:2〜5からなる群より選択される、請求項12記載の方法。
- XおよびZが独立して、存在しない、20アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、19アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、18アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、17アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、16アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、15アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、14アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、13アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、12アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、11アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、10アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、9アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、8アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、7アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、6アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、5アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、4アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、3アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、2アミノ酸からなるポリペプチド、および1アミノ酸からなるポリペプチドからなる群より選択される、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のポリペプチドが、前記対象に短期または長期にわたって投与される、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のポリペプチドが、前記対象に局所投与、局部投与、または全身投与される、請求項12記載の方法。
- ドメイン(DOMAIN)が、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4からなる群より選択されるヒトIgG Fcドメインである、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のポリペプチドが、SEQ ID NO:19、21、および22からなる群より選択される、請求項19記載の方法。
- ドメイン(DOMAIN)が、ヒトアルブミンドメインである、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のポリペプチドが、SEQ ID NO:24、25、および26からなる群より選択される、請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記対象が哺乳動物である、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項23記載の方法。
- 血漿中ピロリン酸(PPi)が少ないかまたは血清中リン酸(Pi)が多い対象において血管石灰化を低減または予防する方法であって、治療的有効量の単離された組換えヒト可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質を該対象に投与する工程を含み、該投与される量が、該対象における血漿中PPiレベルを少なくとも約800nMまで上昇させる、前記方法。
- 前記投与される量が、前記対象における血漿中PPiレベルを少なくとも約1μMまで上昇させる、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記投与される量が、前記対象における血漿中PPiレベルを少なくとも約1.5μMまで上昇させる、請求項26記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、GACI、IIAC、PXE、OPLL、MWVC、ARHR2、ESRD、CKD-MBD、XLH、加齢性骨減少症、CUA、および低リン血症性くる病からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの疾患を有する、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質が、ENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)またはその生物学的に活性な断片を含む、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片が、SEQ ID NO:1またはその生物学的に活性な断片から本質的になる、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質が、膜貫通ドメインおよびシグナルを欠く、請求項25記載の方法。
- NPP1欠損症またはNPP1関連疾患を有する対象を治療する方法であって、治療的有効量の単離された組換えヒト可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質を該対象に投与する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 前記対象が、GACI、IIAC、PXE、OPLL、MWVC、ARHR2、ESRD、CKD-MBD、XLH、加齢性骨減少症、CUA、および低リン血症性くる病からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの疾患を有する、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質が、ENPP3の細胞外ドメイン(SEQ ID NO:1)またはその生物学的に活性な断片を含む、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片が、SEQ ID NO:1またはその生物学的に活性な断片から本質的になる、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性ENPP3断片またはその融合タンパク質が、膜貫通ドメインおよびシグナルペプチドを欠く、請求項32記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種類の請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載の単離されたポリペプチドと、病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害の治療を必要とする対象において、病的石灰化または病的骨化に関連する疾患または障害を治療するための該少なくとも1種類のポリペプチドの使用について述べた説明書とを備える、キット。
- 前記疾患または障害が、GACI、IIAC、OPLL、XLH、変形性関節症、アテローム性動脈硬化巣の石灰化、弾力線維性仮性黄色腫、遺伝性および非遺伝性の変形性関節症、強直性脊椎炎、加齢に伴う動脈硬化、末期腎臓病に起因するカルシフィラキシー(またはCKD-MBD)、MWVC、ARHR2、ESRD、加齢性骨減少症、およびCUAからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項37記載のキット。
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