JP2018531962A - デンドリマー組成物ならびに壊死性腸炎および他の胃腸障害の処置における使用 - Google Patents
デンドリマー組成物ならびに壊死性腸炎および他の胃腸障害の処置における使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2015年10月29日に出願されたU.S.S.N.62/248,063(その全体が本明細書に援用される)に対する優先権を主張する。
この発明は、National Institutes of Health(NIH−NICHD)によってKannan RangaramanujamおよびSujatha Kannanにそれぞれ付与された契約1R01HD076901−01A1(KR)および1R01HD069562−01A1(SK)の下、政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
「治療剤」という用語は、疾患または障害の1つまたは複数の症状を防止または処置するために投与することができる薬剤を指す。例は、以下に限定されないが、核酸、核酸類似体、小分子、ペプチド模倣物、タンパク質、ペプチド、炭水化物もしくは糖、脂質、または界面活性剤、あるいはその組み合わせを含む。
A.デンドリマー
「デンドリマー」という用語は、本明細書で使用される場合、以下に限定されないが、内部コアを有する分子構造物、この開始剤コアに規則的に付着されている反復単位の内部層(または「世代」)、および最外側世代に付着されている末端基の外部表面を含む。デンドリマーの例は、以下に限定されないが、PAMAM、ポリエステル、ポリリシンおよびPPIを含む。PAMAMデンドリマーは、カルボキシル、アミンおよびヒドロキシル末端を有することができ、以下に限定されないが、第1世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第2世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第3世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第4世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第5世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第6世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第7世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第8世代PAMAMデンドリマー、第9世代PAMAMデンドリマー、または第10世代PAMAMデンドリマーを含めて、任意の世代のデンドリマーであってよい。ともに使用するのに適当なデンドリマーは、以下に限定されないが、ポリアミドアミン(PAMAM)、ポリプロピルアミン(POPAM)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリリシン、ポリエステル、イプチセン、脂肪族ポリ(エーテル)および/または芳香族ポリエーテルのデンドリマーを含む。デンドリマー複合体の各デンドリマーは、他のデンドリマーと同様または異なる化学的性質であってよい(例えば、第1のデンドリマーはPAMAMデンドリマーを含むことができ、一方で、第2のデンドリマーはPOPAMデンドリマーを含むことができる)。一部の実施形態では、第1または第2のデンドリマーは、追加の薬剤をさらに含むことができる。多腕PEGポリマーは、スルフヒドリルまたはチオピリジン末端基を保有する少なくとも2つの分枝を有するポリエチレングリコールを含むが;しかしながら、本明細書において開示されている実施形態は、このクラスに限定されず、スクシンイミジルまたはマレイミド末端など他の末端基を保有するPEGポリマーが使用され得る。分子量10kDaから80kDaのPEGポリマーを使用することができる。
下記は、リンカーとしてN−スクシンイミジル3−(2−ピリジルジチオ)プロピオネート(SPDP)を使用して、N−アセチルシステインをアミン末端第4世代PAMAMデンドリマー(PAMAM−NH2)にコンジュゲートするための合成スキームである。
初めに、バルプロ酸を、チオール−反応性基で官能化する。(CH2)2O−の3つの反復単位を有する短いPEG−SHを、スキーム3に示されている通りのカップリング試薬としてDCCを使用して、バルプロ酸と反応させる。得られた粗PEG−VPAを、カラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、プロトンNMRによって特徴付ける。NMRスペクトルにおいて、PEG−VPAの形成が確認された3.65ppmから4.25ppmへの、PEGのOH基に隣接するCH2プロトンのピークの下方シフトがあった。チオール基は酸官能基との反応に対して感受性であり得るが、NMRスペクトルは、PEGのチオール基に隣接するCH2プロトンに属するピークの下方シフトをまったく示さなかった。これは、チオール基がチオール反応性官能化デンドリマーと自由に反応することを示唆する。
デンドリマー複合体は、デンドリマーまたは多腕PEGにコンジュゲートまたは付着されている治療活性薬剤または化合物(以下「薬剤」)で形成することができる。付着は、薬剤とデンドリマーとの間にジスルフィド架橋を提供する適切なスペーサーを介して生じることができる。デンドリマー複合体は、身体に見出される還元条件下で、チオール交換反応によってin vivoで薬剤を急速に放出できる。
「デンドリマー複合体」という用語は、本明細書で使用される場合、デンドリマーと治療活性薬剤との組み合わせを指す。これらのデンドリマー複合体は、in vivoに見出される還元条件下で細胞内に薬物を優先的に放出できるPAMAMデンドリマーまたは多腕PEGに付着またはコンジュゲートされた薬剤を含む。デンドリマー複合体は、i.v.注射によって投与される場合、罹患状態下に限り血液脳関門(BBB)を優先的に横切ることができ、正常状態下ではできない。
デンドリマーは、経腸的に投与することができる。本発明において使用されている担体または希釈剤は、固体製剤のための固体担体もしくは希釈剤、液体製剤のための液体担体もしくは希釈剤、またはその混合物であってよい。
A.処置される障害または疾患
製剤は、感染症、炎症またはがんと関連した障害、特に、CNSに広がる全身性炎症を有するものを処置するために投与することができる。生得免疫受容体toll様受容体4(TLR4)は、細菌エンドトキシン(リポ多糖類、「LPS」)に対する、ならびに炎症性または感染性障害中に放出される様々な内在性分子に対する造血性および非造血性細胞上の受容体として認識されてきた。いくつかの疾患が、感染および非感染プロセスの両方を含めたTLR4シグナリングの増悪に起因していた。これらは、壊死性腸炎(NEC)、腹部敗血症、肺炎、関節炎、膵炎およびアテローム性動脈硬化症を含む。好ましい実施形態では、処置される疾患はNECである。
典型的に、主治医は、年齢、体重、全般的な健康状態、食事、性別、投与される化合物、投与の経路、および処置されている状態の重症度など様々な因子を考慮に入れ、各個々の被験体を処置するための組成物の投与量を決定する。組成物の用量は、処置されている被験体の体重1kg当たり約0.0001から約1000mg、体重1kg当たり約0.01から約100mg、約0.1mg/kgから約10mg/kg、および体重1kg当たり約0.5mgから約5mgであってよい。
NECの発病は、腸上皮上の細菌受容体toll様受容体4(TLR4)の活性化を必要とする。なぜなら、TLR4を欠如しているマウスはNECから保護されており、一方、NECを有するヒトは、消化管においてTLR4活性化の増加を呈するからである。腸上皮上のTLR4の活性化は、ミクログリアの活性化に至り、前頭前皮質におけるミエリンの喪失、およびヒトにおいて観察される疾患によく似ている方式でマウスにおける認知機能欠損の発病をもたらす。
デンドリマー。デンドリマー−Cy5およびデンドリマー−薬物のコンジュゲートを作製するためのプロトコールを含めて、下記の実験において使用される詳細な材料および方法は、Kannan Sら、Sci. Transl. Med.、4巻:130ra46頁(2012年)によっておよび米国特許第8,889,101号において記載されてきた。
NECに曝露された仔マウスは、モリス水迷路および新規物体認識挙動試験における作業記憶および空間学習の欠損によって証明された著しい認知欠陥を呈する。これらの所見は、脳ミエリン化およびミクログリア活性化の組織病理学的評価と相関する。NECに曝露された動物は、対照動物と比較した場合、欠損ミエリン化パターンを有し、これは、中脳および脳梁におけるミエリン塩基性タンパク質(MBP)の発現の減少によって特に明らかである。さらに、NEC処置動物は、対照と比較して、脳梁、海馬および中脳のレベルでミクログリア活性化の増加を呈する。
Claims (18)
- 炎症および感染症またはがんによって特徴付けられる胃腸障害を処置するための方法であって、前記障害の処置または診断のための1種または複数の治療剤、予防剤または診断剤と複合体化されたデンドリマーを含む薬学的に許容される組成物を被験体に経口投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記デンドリマーが、少なくとも1種の治療剤に共有結合したポリ(アミドアミン)(PAMAM)ヒドロキシル末端デンドリマーである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記PAMAMデンドリマーがG3、G4、G5またはG6 PAMAMデンドリマーである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ジスルフィド結合を介して前記治療剤、前記予防剤または前記診断剤に連結されたPAMAMデンドリマーを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- SPDP、グルタチオン(GSH)、ガンマ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)、およびその組み合わせから本質的になる群より選択される1種または複数のスペーサー化合物を介してPAMAMデンドリマーに連結された治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を含む、請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 処置される前記障害が、壊死性腸炎(NEC)、腹部敗血症、肺炎、関節炎、膵炎およびアテローム性動脈硬化症からなる群より選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、中枢神経系合併症を有する障害を有する前記被験体に投与される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤が抗炎症薬である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗炎症性薬がtoll様受容体4の阻害剤である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤が、式C17H27NO9を有する2−アセトアミドピラノシドであるC34、その塩または類似体である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記障害が壊死性腸炎であり、治療剤と複合体化された前記デンドリマーが、前記被験体における壊死性腸炎の1つまたは複数の症状を軽減するのに有効な量での単位投与量にある、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗興奮剤(anti−excitatory agent)を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- デンドリマー複合体が、ミクログリアおよびアストロサイトを局在化および標的化するための治療活性薬剤を含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 診断剤が前記デンドリマーと複合体化される、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記診断剤がフルオロフォアである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記デンドリマーが、懸濁物、エマルジョン、錠剤、カプセルまたは洗浄液中に製剤化される、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記デンドリマーが乳児用製剤中で製剤化される、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法における使用のための組成物。
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