JP2018508696A - Axial flow turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an axial-flow turbine, and is provided on a rotor mounting portion, a housing provided with a fluid supply portion surrounding the rotor mounting portion, a rotating shaft provided in the housing, and located on the rotor mounting portion. A rotor provided with a plurality of blades in a circumferential direction; and a plurality of injection nozzles provided in a fluid supply part surrounding the rotor attachment part for injecting high-pressure fluid onto the blades, The fluid impingement surface of the blade mounted on the blade is inclined so as to be inclined in the rotational direction of the rotor with respect to the normal axis of the rotation center axis. It is provided at an angle parallel to the normal direction of the collision surface. The present invention configured as described above provides an effect of optimizing the angle of the fluid collision surface of the blade, smoothing the flow of the fluid, and maximizing the rotation rate of the turbine.

Description

  The present invention relates to an axial-flow turbine, and more particularly to an axial-flow turbine with improved rotor blade angles.

  In general, a gas turbine or a steam turbine used in a power plant or the like is an axial flow turbine in which a fluid flows in the direction of the rotating shaft of the turbine depending on the flow direction of the working fluid, or a mixed flow in which the fluid flows in an oblique manner from the rotating shaft. There are turbines, radial turbines in which fluid flows in the diameter direction of rotation, and the like. Of these, the axial turbine is particularly suitable for medium- and large-capacity power plants, and is widely used for steam turbines in large-scale thermal power plants.

  Such axial turbines are required to further improve the power generation efficiency of the power plant from the viewpoint of improving the economic efficiency and reducing the environmental load, and increasing the performance of the turbine is an important issue. Yes. Factors that govern the performance of the turbine include short-circuit loss, exhaust loss, mechanical loss, and the like. It is recognized that reducing short-circuit loss is particularly effective for improving performance. There are various forms of this short-circuit loss, but broadly divided, the airfoil loss due to the blade shape itself, the secondary flow loss due to the flow crossing the flow path between the blades, and the working fluid between the blades There is a leakage loss caused by leaking out of the flow path. Among these, the leakage loss is a bypass loss in which the energy of the steam cannot be effectively used by flowing through a path other than the main flow as a leakage flow, a mixing loss that occurs when a leakage flow deviating from the main flow flows into the main flow, and again It consists of interference loss etc. which generate | occur | produces when the inflowing leak flow interferes with a downstream cascade. Therefore, in order to reduce these leakage losses, it is important to reduce the leakage flow amount and return the leakage flow to the main flow without loss.

  In view of such a point, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-106474 proposes a technique in which a guide plate for guiding the leakage flow is provided in the leakage flow channel portion of the same blade end. By making the outflow direction of the leakage flow coincide with the direction of the main flow flowing out from the same blade described above by this guide plate, it is possible to reduce the mixing loss when the leakage flow and the main flow merge.

  However, it is difficult for such a conventional axial turbine to minimize loss from the main flow caused by the collision of the fluid with the blades, as well as leakage loss and short-circuit loss.

Korean Patent No. 10-0550366 discloses an axial flow type multi-stage turbine.
Detailed Description of the Invention

Technical issues

  The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the main flow loss, which is the energy loss due to the fluid flow, the leakage loss and the mixing loss, and thus the axial flow that can relatively increase the efficiency of the turbine. It is to provide a type turbine.

Solution to the problem

  An axial-flow turbine according to the present invention for solving the technical problem includes a rotor mounting portion, and a housing having a fluid supply portion surrounding the rotor mounting portion.

  A rotor provided on a rotating shaft provided in the housing, located on a rotor mounting portion, provided with a plurality of blades mounted in a circumferential direction, and a fluid supply portion surrounding the rotor mounting portion, and a fluid of the blade A plurality of injection nozzles for injecting high-pressure fluid onto the collision surface;

  The fluid collision surface of the blade mounted on the rotor is formed so as to be inclined with respect to the rotation direction side of the rotor with respect to the normal axis of the rotation center axis, and the injection nozzle formed in the fluid supply unit includes a blade It is characterized by being provided at an angle parallel to the normal direction of the fluid collision surface.

  In the present invention, the support part extended in the direction from the fluid supply part to the rotating shaft of the housing is provided with a fixed blade that is provided between the blade provided on the rotor and the rotating shaft and guides the fluid. It is done.

  The fluid collision surface of the blade provided in the rotor is formed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center side of the rotor.

  An axial-flow turbine according to the present invention for solving the technical problem includes a housing in which at least one fluid inlet is formed at an upper portion and a rotor mounting portion is formed therein.

  A rotation shaft provided rotatably in the housing and penetrating through a rotor mounting portion; and a rotor provided on the rotation shaft and having a plurality of rotor rotational force generation portions formed on the edge portion; The rotor rotational force generating portion formed on the rotor is a fluid guiding portion formed in a rotational direction from the upper surface, and is formed in a radial direction from the fluid guiding portion, and is a method perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor. A blade forming portion that is formed so as to be inclined in a rotational direction with respect to the linear axis, and includes a guide discharge portion that is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor from the blade forming portion. .

  In the present invention, the induction discharge portion is formed in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from the blade forming portion, and a fluid induction resistance protrusion is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the housing corresponding thereto.

  The axial-flow turbine of the present invention adjusts the angle of the blades of the fluid action and the angle of the fluid collision surface of the blade that causes the fluid to collide with each other to smooth the flow of the fluid and is injected from the injection nozzle. This can reduce the short-circuit loss and leakage loss that can be generated when a fluid collides with each blade, and provides an effect of increasing the turbine rotation rate.

1 is a partially cutaway sectional view showing an embodiment of an axial-flow turbine according to the present invention.

1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an axial-flow turbine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the axial turbine shown in FIG. 1.

The partially cut-out perspective view which extracted and showed the rotor which concerns on this invention.

Sectional drawing which showed the other Example of the axial flow type turbine which concerns on this invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an excerpt of the rotor shown in FIG. 5.

The graph which showed the relationship between the steam speed and rotation speed of the axial flow type turbine which concerns on this invention, and the conventional axial flow turbine.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  One embodiment of an axial turbine according to the present invention is shown in FIGS.

  Referring to the drawings, an axial-flow turbine 10 according to the present invention includes a housing 20 in which a rotor mounting portion 21 is provided and a fluid supply portion 22 defined by the rotor mounting portion 21 and a partition wall 23 is formed. , Provided on the rotary shaft 30 provided on the housing 20 and provided on the rotor mounting portion 21, provided on the rotor 40 having a plurality of blades 41 mounted in the circumferential direction, and on the partition wall 23, And a plurality of injection nozzles 50 for rotating the rotor 40 by injecting the fluid supplied to the fluid supply unit 22 onto the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41.

  A plurality of rotor mounting portions 21 of the housing 20 can be provided in the housing 20 so as to be stacked in the direction perpendicular to the rotation shaft 30. Further, the fluid supply part 22 partitioned in the circumferential direction by the partition wall 23 on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor mounting part 21 positioned on the uppermost side is fluidized via at least one fluid supply pipe 24 provided on the upper surface or the side surface. Is supplied.

  Further, the fluid supply part 22 ′ located on the lower side in the axial direction has a structure that communicates so that the fluid of the rotor mounting part 21 and the rotor mounting part 21 can flow into the upper side.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41 mounted on the rotor 40 is inclined toward the rotation direction side of the rotor 40 with respect to the normal direction axis B of the rotation center axis C. Formed as follows. This inclination angle a is preferably formed at 5 to 45 degrees. When the tilt angle is 5 degrees or less, the short-circuit loss in which the fluid collides with the collision surface of the blade 41 is relatively large, and when the inclination angle is 45 degrees or more, the collision loss due to the main flow, that is, the main flow direction. The force increases.

  The injection nozzle 50 for injecting the fluid supplied from the fluid supply unit 22 onto the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade is provided at an angle parallel to the normal direction of the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41. The ejection port of the ejection nozzle 50 is preferably provided so as to coincide with the center of the fluid collision surface 42. In order to reduce the loss in the pipe, the injection nozzle 50 is preferably formed so that the inner diameter gradually increases from the injection port of the injection nozzle 50 to the fluid supply unit 22.

  On the other hand, the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41 provided on the rotor 40 is formed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center axis C of the rotor 40. The fluid collision surface 42 is formed so as to be inclined regardless of the shape of the blade or the installation angle of the blade, and the inclination angle d of the fluid collision surface 42 is preferably in the range of 0 to 65 degrees. When the inclination angle b of the fluid collision surface 42 with respect to the rotation center axis C is set to 65 degrees or more, the component force in the main flow direction becomes relatively large, and the occurrence of leakage loss becomes relatively large.

  A support portion 25 is formed on the lower side of the partition wall 23 of the housing 20 so as to extend from the fluid supply portion side by a predetermined length in the rotation axis direction. A through hole 26 is formed in the support portion so that the fluid collided with the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41 can smoothly flow to the lower fluid supply portion 22 side.

  Further, a fixed blade that guides the fluid so as not to interfere with the rotating blade 41 after the fluid collides with the blade 41 near the inner end side of the blade 41 at the end portion side of the support portion 25. 45 are provided at predetermined intervals. The fixed blade is preferably formed so as to be inclined toward the rotation direction side of the rotor 40.

  5 and 6 show another embodiment of the axial flow turbine according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  Referring to the drawings, an axial-flow turbine 70 according to the present invention includes a housing 20 in which at least one fluid supply pipe 24 is formed at an upper portion and a single rotor mounting portion 21 is formed therein, and the housing 20 includes A rotary shaft 30 that is rotatably provided and penetrates the rotor mounting portion 21, and the rotary shaft 30 includes a plurality of rotors 90 having a plurality of rotor rotational force generating portions 80 formed at the edges.

  The rotor 90 is formed in a disc shape, and a rotor rotational force generator 80 that is formed along an edge of the rotor 90 and provides a rotational force to the rotor 90 by a fluid collision is provided from an upper surface of the rotor 90. A fluid guiding portion 81 formed in the rotational direction, and formed in the radial direction from the fluid guiding portion 81, and inclined in the rotational direction with respect to the normal axis B that is perpendicular to the rotational center axis C of the rotor 90. The blade forming part 82 is formed so as to collide with the fluid flowing in through the fluid guiding part 81, and the guide discharging part 83 protruding from the blade forming part 82 to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor. The induction discharge part 83 is formed so as to be inclined in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from the blade forming part 82, and a fluid induction resistance protrusion 27 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the housing corresponding thereto.

  The inclination angle a of the blade forming portion 82 of the rotor rotational force generating portion 80 is preferably 5 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal axis B of the rotation center axis C, as shown in FIG. . Further, the fluid collision surface 85 of the blade forming portion 82 provided on the rotor 90 is formed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation center axis C of the rotor 90. The inclination angle of the fluid collision surface 85 is preferably in the range of 0 to 65 degrees.

  The fluid induction resistance protrusion 27 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 20 facing the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 90 guides the fluid discharged from the fluid induction discharge portion 83 downward, and the reaction force due to the collision of the fluid is generated. In order to be able to act on the rotor, it has at least one surface (not shown) corresponding to the fluid induction discharge part 83 of the rotor 90.

  The operational effects of the axial flow turbine according to the present invention configured as described above will be described as follows.

  First, the present invention provides an effect of optimizing the angle of the blade surface of the fluid action, smoothing the flow of the fluid, and maximizing the turbine rotation rate. In the axial turbine 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a high-pressure fluid flows into the fluid supply unit 22 through the fluid supply pipe 24 of the housing 20.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure fluid that has flowed into the fluid supply unit 22 is injected at a high pressure through the injection nozzle 50 and collides with the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41 corresponding to the injection nozzle 50, thereby causing the rotor 40 to move at high speed. Rotate with.

  In this process, the fixed blade 45 guides the fluid traveling direction toward the through hole 26 through which the rotating shaft passes, so that the blade 41 of the rotor 40 does not interfere with the fluid. Since mixing with the fluid colliding with the collision surface 42 can be prevented, the mixing loss of the fluid can be minimized.

  In particular, the fluid collision surface 42 of the blade 41 of the rotor 40 according to the present invention is formed so as to be inclined toward the rotation direction side of the rotor 40 with respect to the normal axis B of the rotation center axis C. It is possible to ensure a relatively wide collision surface of the fluid ejected from the nozzle, and to reduce the interference resistance of the blade against the fluid that subsequently flows into the ejection nozzle 50 when the blade 41 rotates. Thus, the effect of the fluid continuously colliding with the blade 41 of the rotor 40 is obtained, and the fluid ejected from the ejection nozzle 50 can relatively reduce the short-circuit loss.

  According to the experiment by the present inventor, as shown in FIG. 7, it was found that the axial flow turbine according to the present invention can obtain a high speed at a low speed fluid, that is, a relatively low steam speed. More specifically, in order to obtain the same rotational speed, the axial flow turbine of the present invention has a lower fluid injection speed than the conventional axial flow turbine. This shows that the efficiency of the axial turbine according to the present invention is relatively high.

  On the other hand, the axial-flow turbine 70 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 of the present invention acts and acts on the rotor 90 simultaneously when the rotor 90 rotates due to the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid. That is, the fluid that has flowed into the fluid guiding portion 81 of the rotor rotational force generating portion 80 primarily acts as the rotational force of the rotor 90 while colliding with the blade forming portion 82, and is in the direction opposite to the rotational direction. The secondary action is performed while being discharged through the fluid induction discharge portion 83 formed in the above. In particular, the fluid discharged through the fluid induction discharge portion 83 reacts with the fluid induction resistance protrusion 27 while colliding with it, and the rotational force of the rotor 90 can be increased.

  In particular, since the blade forming portion 82 is formed so as to be inclined toward the rotation direction side of the rotor 40 with respect to the normal direction axis B of the rotation center axis C, the collision surface of the fluid ejected from the ejection nozzle is formed. A relatively wide area can be secured, and the resistance of the fluid can be reduced.

  The present invention can be variously modified by applying the above-described components, and can take various forms.

  It should also be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific forms mentioned in the foregoing detailed description, but rather is within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that all variations, equivalents, and alternatives are included, and the blade surfaces and blades of the present invention are within the scope of the blades and blade angles that are within the scope of the invention. Various forms and patterns can be taken according to the situation at the site and the type of fluid.

  The technical idea of the axial-flow turbine of the present invention can be implemented by repeating the same actual results. In particular, the present invention can be used as various power generation facilities and industrial power sources. is there.

Claims (6)

A rotor mounting portion, and a housing provided with a fluid supply portion surrounding the rotor mounting portion;
Provided on a rotating shaft provided in the housing, located in the rotor mounting portion, provided in a rotor in which a plurality of blades are mounted in the circumferential direction, and provided in a fluid supply unit surrounding the rotor mounting portion, A plurality of injection nozzles for injecting a fluid of
The fluid collision surface of the blade mounted on the rotor is formed so as to be inclined with respect to the rotation direction side of the rotor with respect to the normal axis of the rotation center axis, and the injection nozzle formed in the fluid supply unit includes a blade An axial-flow turbine provided at an angle parallel to the normal direction of the fluid collision surface.   The support part extended in the direction of the rotation axis from the fluid supply part of the housing is provided with a fixed blade provided between the blade provided on the rotor and the rotation axis to guide the fluid. The axial-flow turbine according to claim 1.   2. The axial flow turbine according to claim 1, wherein a fluid collision surface of a blade provided in the rotor is formed so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a rotation center axis of the rotor.   The fluid collision surface of the blade has an inclination angle of 5 degrees to 45 degrees inclined to the rotation direction side of the rotor with respect to the normal axis to the rotation center axis, and the fluid collision surface is aligned with the rotation center axis of the rotor. The axial flow turbine according to claim 3, wherein an inclination angle formed to incline at a predetermined angle is 0 to 65 degrees. A housing having at least one fluid inlet formed at an upper portion and a rotor mounting portion formed therein;
A rotation shaft provided rotatably in the housing and penetrating through a rotor mounting portion; and a rotor provided on the rotation shaft and having a plurality of rotor rotational force generation portions formed on the edge portion; The rotor rotational force generating portion formed on the rotor is a fluid guiding portion formed in a rotational direction from the upper surface, and is formed in a radial direction from the fluid guiding portion, and is a method perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor. A blade forming portion that is formed so as to be inclined in a rotational direction with respect to the linear axis, and includes a guide discharge portion that is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor from the blade forming portion. Axial type turbine. 6. The induction discharge part according to claim 5, wherein the induction discharge part is formed in a direction opposite to the rotation direction from the blade formation part, and a fluid induction resistance protrusion is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the housing corresponding thereto. Axial type turbine.