JP2018171047A - Mushroom cultivation medium and mushroom cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom cultivation medium utilizing incineration ash caused after utilizing as a fuel of a biomass boiler a waste bacteria bed by a mushroom cultivation using as a main raw material a woody base material, such as sawdust, and to provide mushroom cultivation methods using the same.SOLUTION: The mushroom cultivation medium is characterized by adding, at a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the entire culture medium, an incineration ash comprising at least phosphoric acid (PO), lime (CaO), kalium (KO), and magnesia (MgO), and generated after utilizing, as a fuel of a biomass boiler, a waste bacteria bed by a mushroom cultivation using a woody base material as a main raw material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a culture medium for mushroom cultivation using incinerated ash generated after using a waste fungus bed by mushroom cultivation using a woody base material such as sawdust as a fuel for a biomass boiler, and a mushroom cultivation method using the same About.

  Mushroom cultivation uses many woody base materials that use plant residues such as sawdust and corn cobs, but a large amount of waste bed is discharged after cultivation, and the amount is 30 years a year in Japan. It has reached 10,000 tons. And this waste fungus bed is difficult to handle because it becomes a hotbed where harmful fungi and pests are generated, and it takes a lot of expense to receive treatment of industrial waste, and management of mushroom growers It became a factor to press.

  Conventionally, as a method of using this waste fungus bed, a method of composting it (Patent Document 1), a method of using it as a livestock feed or soil improving material after sterilization (Patent Document 2), and a nutrient material for a mushroom medium after fermentation Known methods (Patent Document 3), utilization as a medium additive after water addition or steam exposure (Patent Document 4), and the like are known.

  However, in the composting method, it is difficult to adjust the supply and demand, and there are problems such as poor scientific verification of the fertilization effect. Problems are pointed out. In the method of mixing as a base material with a new mushroom medium, there is a concern that the cultivation becomes unstable depending on the state of the waste fungus bed. In addition, in the method of applying fertilizer as a soil conditioner or crop fertilizer, wooden chips and sawdust are slower to decompose than organic materials such as rice straw, and there is a problem that cost and time are required such as the need to mix secondary materials. is there.

JP, 2006-44106, A JP 09-51939 A JP 2011-130702 A JP 2008-54510 A

On the other hand, there is known a method in which the waste microbial bed is chipped or pelletized and burned in a biomass boiler and used as thermal energy, but it is transported and accumulated not only in a dedicated facility for chipping or pelletizing but also in that facility. There is a problem that requires a large cost.
Moreover, in use as this biomass boiler, incineration ash is generated after combustion. However, there is no way to use this incineration ash, and the current situation is that it can only be disposed of.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and research has been conducted on the incinerated ash that has been discarded, and the way to use the incinerated ash effectively is found, and the combustion heat produced by the biomass boiler is A mushroom cultivation method that is used cyclically as a heat source for adjusting the temperature of mushroom cultivation in Japan.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 comprises at least phosphoric acid (P) generated after using a waste fungus bed by mushroom cultivation using a woody base material as a main raw material as fuel for a biomass boiler. ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), incinerated ash containing bitter earth (MgO) is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the whole medium. To do.

  The culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 2 is characterized in that incinerated ash is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole culture medium.

The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 3 is to produce a medium using a woody base material as a main raw material, to carry out mushroom cultivation, and to produce a waste fungus bed after the execution, and to use the waste fungus bed as a fuel for a biomass boiler In mushroom cultivation consisting of a process that generates incinerated ash after being used as a fuel for biomass boilers,
The incineration ash containing at least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), and bitter earth (MgO) generated after the medium production was used as a fuel for biomass boilers. Is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the whole medium,
The mushroom cultivation is carried out by using the combustion heat generated using the waste fungus bed as a fuel for the biomass boiler as a heat source for adjusting the temperature of the mushroom cultivation,
The incineration ash and waste bed generated in the previous process are used as a fuel for a biomass boiler for medium production and mushroom cultivation in the subsequent process in the same facility.

  The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the waste microbial bed produced in the previous step is dried and does not require pelleting, and the biomass for the production of the medium and mushroom cultivation in the subsequent step in the same facility. It is used as fuel for boilers.

  The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that incinerated ash is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole medium.

In the culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, at least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) produced after using a waste fungus bed by mushroom cultivation using a woody base material as a main raw material as a fuel for a biomass boiler, By adding incinerated ash containing lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), and bitter earth (MgO) at a rate of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the entire medium, germination and hyphal elongation can be achieved. The condition was good, and the acidity indicated by the pH value was closer to the weak acidity that was optimized.
This made it possible to find new ways to use the waste incineration ash that was in trouble.

In the culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 2, the incineration ash is in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole culture medium, so that it is in fresh weight as a result of mushroom cultivation, It was confirmed that the yield increased by about 30% or more.

  In the cultivation method of claim 3, by utilizing the incinerated ash, it is possible to optimize germination, hyphal growth and acidity, and to increase the yield of mushrooms, and occurred in the previous step. By using the waste microbial bed as a fuel for biomass boilers in the post-process within the same facility, it is possible to save time and labor for transporting the generated waste microbial bed to another facility. became.

  In the cultivation method according to claim 4, by using the fuel of the biomass boiler in a form that does not require pelletization, it is possible to save the effort of pelletization and eliminate the cost of installing dedicated equipment. .

  In the method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 5, the incineration ash is in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole medium, so that there is fresh weight as a result of mushroom cultivation, It was confirmed that the result of increasing the yield by 30% or more was obtained.

It is a photograph figure which shows a mycelial elongation state, and shows the case where the incineration ash addition density | concentration is 0.0 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% from the left. It is a flowchart which shows the relationship between the flow of a process, incineration ash, and a biomass boiler.

The woody base material targeted by the present invention refers to resources derived from wood and plants such as sawdust and plant residues (for example, corn cobs). The culture medium of the present invention is prepared by adding water to the woody base material and adding a nutrient as necessary.
And when mushroom cultivation such as shiitake mushrooms, sea cucumbers, oyster mushrooms, etc. is carried out in the medium, mushrooms are produced through steps such as inoculation, germination, hyphal spread, primordial formation, mushroom growth, etc. A fungus bed is generated.
This waste fungus bed can be used as a fuel for a biomass boiler. In the present invention, this waste fungus bed is referred to as a waste fungus bed by mushroom cultivation using a woody base material as a main raw material.

Now, when the waste microbial bed is burned with a biomass boiler, incineration ash is produced after that, but this has been regarded as an object of waste as unnecessary.
Therefore, the incineration ash was examined for what the components of the incinerated ash would be when the main material was a woody base material such as sawdust of the present invention.
Take incinerated ash from mushroom cultivation using woody base material as a main raw material (provided by Sans Farm, Agricultural Association) and analyze the components contained in it to Japan Fertilizer Inspection Association I asked.
The results are shown in Table 1.
From this result, the incineration ash of the mushroom cultivation waste fungus bed using a woody base material as a main raw material is phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), Kari (K ₂ O) and bitter earth (MgO) were confirmed.

Now, in the present invention, the incinerated ash containing an effective component as a nutritional component as described above was conceived not to be discarded as it is, but to be added to a mushroom cultivation medium to find an effective usage.
Therefore, the proportion of the additive added to the medium for mushroom cultivation was divided, and mycelial elongation was observed and the pH was measured when the mushrooms were cultivated in that proportion.
As for the classification of the blending ratio, (C) 0 wt% group with no addition was set as the control group, and as a test group, 0.1 wt% of (1) group, 0.3 wt% of the whole medium ( 2) Section, 0.5 wt% (3) section, and 1.0 wt% (4) section were set.

Quercus sorghum and Quercus chips (Watanabe Hayashi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) = 1: 1 (volume ratio) with nutrients added to 10% (finished weight ratio) (Husuma and corn bran = 6: 1 (volume ratio)) ), And further waste waste bed ash is 0 wt% (C ward), 0.1 wt% (1 ward), 0.3 wt% (2 ward), 0.5 wt% (3 ward), 1.0 wt% ( After adding the water content to 60%, the cultivation bag (ST bag, F-Tech Co., Ltd.) was charged with 3.0 kg. Subsequently, sterilization was performed in an autoclave at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes. After cooling, inoculum of Shiitake HS715 (Kitaken Co., Ltd.) was inoculated with 20 cc / bed. Thereafter, the cells were cultured in a culture room set at 20 ° C.
And the hyphal elongation state 25 days after inoculation with the inoculum was observed.

In the mycelial elongation state 25 days after the inoculation, as shown in Photo 1, it was found that the hyphal elongation becomes faster as the amount of incinerated ash added is increased as compared with the (C) section.
That is, when the reference line is drawn with reference to the lower end of the container in the (C) section of 0 wt%, the tip of the extending hyphae in the sections (1) to (3) is far from the reference line. It was found that the hyphal elongation rate was clearly high. In (4) ward, the impact on hyphal elongation rate was small, but it was almost the same level as in (C) ward. From this, it was confirmed that the mycelial elongation speed was particularly fast in the (1) to (3) wards, and that the addition of incinerated ash was effective for hyphal elongation as a whole in the (1) to (4) wards. .

Furthermore, in order to examine the influence of incineration ash addition on the acidity of the medium, pH measurement was performed in each section.
The results are shown in Table 2.
In a mushroom medium such as shiitake mushroom, a weakly acidic medium has a suitable acidity, and from this point of view, it is judged to be an appropriate value in any test section.

  From the above, from the viewpoints of mycelial elongation and pH value, it was determined that in any of the test sections, the mixing ratio could be suitable for addition as an effective nutrient component for mushroom cultivation.

Next, from the above mycelial elongation observation and measurement of acidity, mushroom cultivation was carried out in the (C) group as the control group and the (1) to (4) groups as the appropriate group, and the yield was measured. .
Specifically, in Shiitake fungus bed cultivation, (C) was set in the control group of the conventional formulation. As a medium composition, add a nutritive body to hardwood sawdust and a chip mixture (tree species are shii: oak: other = 45:10:45 wt%) so that it becomes about 10 wt% (finished weight ratio) (Husuma, Komenuka), Furthermore, 0 wt% (C ward), 0.1 wt% (1 ward), 0.3 (2 ward), 0.5 wt% (3 ward) and 1.0 wt% (4 ward) of waste bed ash are added. After adjusting the water content to 60 wt%, the cultivation bag (Tyvek 40, Sun Polymer Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was filled with 2.7 kg. Subsequently, sterilization was performed at 118 ° C. for 45 minutes in a high-pressure sterilization pot. After cooling, inoculum of Shiitake HS715 (Kitaken Co., Ltd.) was inoculated with 20 cc / bed. Thereafter, the cells were cultured for 100 to 120 days in a culture room set at 23 ° C. After the cultivation was completed, the cultivation bag was removed, and after sprouting in a generation room set at 19 ° C., mushrooms at 16 ° C. were grown and harvested. After harvesting, the fungus bed was rested in a rest room set at 24 ° C. and then given a germination stimulus by water immersion treatment. Then, mushrooms were sprouted, grown and harvested under the same conditions as the first generation. The second and third occurrences were obtained by repeating the same process. The number of mushrooms from the first to the third time, fresh weight, and average weight were measured.

  The incineration ash of the waste fungus bed was divided into half of the waste fungus bed after cultivation under the conditions as described above, and left to stand for about a week in the field to dry (water content decreased to 50% or less). Residue discharged after burning hot calories by burning the three wood biomass boiler SANSANBAIO (discharging about 30 liters per day as a result of burning 1,200-1,400 fungal beds per day) Used).

The yield results are shown in Table 3. n = 7,840

As a result, for example, in the first time, the yield of the control plot (C) with zero incineration ash was 239.5 g / fungus bed, whereas the yield of 417.6 g / fungus bed in (1) plot ( A yield of 515.3 g / bacteria bed in 2), 443.6 g / bacteria bed in (3), and 385.8 g / batch bed in (4) was obtained. As a result, (1) ward 174%, (2) ward 215%, (3) ward 185%, and (4) ward 161% were found, and an effect that an extremely high harvest rate was achieved was found. Even in the total of the first to third times, the control group (C) had 676.9 g / bacteria bed, whereas (1) group had 770.7 g / b fungus bed, (2 The yield of 894.8 g / bacteria bed in the) ward, 826.4 g / bacteria bed in the (3) ward, and 737.2 g / bacteria bed in the (4) ward was obtained, with the (C) ward being 100%. The ratio was (1) 114 wt%, (2) 132 wt%, (3) 122 wt%, (4) 109 wt%.
From this, when incinerated ash is added, it becomes clear that it has a positive effect on the yield of mushrooms compared with the control group without addition, especially in the first time, Starting with 215%, it was confirmed that the (1) to (4) wards exceeded 160% and exhibited excellent effects. This is because the total of the whole area (1) to (4) has all positive effects and a particularly high yield can be obtained at the first time. It was confirmed that even if the number of times was reduced and a smaller number of times was obtained, a high yield could be obtained, and the work efficiency was improved.

  To examine this reason, first, the lime as a component contained in the incineration ash is provided with a function of adjusting the acidity by the action of the binding of carbonate ions to hydrogen ions, which is 0.1 to 1.0 wt. In the range of%, it works very effectively and leads to an optimal weak acidity of the medium. Similarly, in the case of phosphoric acid as a component, what is likely to become iron phosphate or aluminum phosphate that does not normally function as a fertilizer becomes calcium phosphate by coexistence with the lime, and is effective as a nutritional component. Can be a thing. In addition to this, it is surmised that the presence of the potassium component and the bitter earth component promotes the action of enzymes, metabolism, etc., leading to the effective action of the incinerated ash.

Based on the above results, in the present invention, from the viewpoints of germination, hyphal elongation, and acidity, the range of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% is set to a ratio suitable for addition as a nutrient component to mushroom cultivation, The range of ˜0.5 wt% was determined as the optimum blending ratio.
Under the above-mentioned conditions, the medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is an epoch-making application in which this increase in yield can be achieved for incineration ash that has been discarded as an unnecessary product and has been difficult to treat. It was something that was found.

Next, the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention will be described.
Conventionally, it is known to use waste bunk beds as chips or pellets and burn them with a biomass boiler to use them as thermal energy. However, in reality, waste bunk beds are collected from the surrounding cultivation facilities and used exclusively. The facility is chipped or pelletized, requires a dedicated facility, and must be transported and accumulated to the facility, which is laborious and expensive.

Therefore, in the method for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention, (a) a medium mainly composed of sawdust is prepared, (b) mushroom cultivation is carried out, (c) a waste microbial bed is generated after the execution, and (d) the waste bacterium. The bed is used as a fuel for a biomass boiler, and (e) mushroom cultivation comprising a process of generating incinerated ash after being used as a fuel for a biomass boiler. The medium preparation (a) is used for the waste boiler bed of a biomass boiler. Incinerated ash containing at least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), and bitter earth (MgO) generated after use as a fuel is 0.1 to 1 with respect to the entire medium. 0.0 wt% is added, and mushroom cultivation (b) is carried out using the waste heat from the waste fungus bed as a fuel for biomass boilers as a heat source for temperature adjustment of mushroom cultivation. The generated incineration ash and waste bacteria bed are applied together. It proposes to use as a fuel of the biomass boiler to the medium producing and mushroom cultivation in a later step in the inner.

  First, as an example of mushroom cultivation, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), (a) a medium in which water and nutrients as necessary are added to sawdust as a wooden base material, (b) based on this Carry out mushroom cultivation and produce mushrooms. (C) On the other hand, a waste microbial bed to be discarded is generated with the end of production. And (d) Since the waste fungus bed centering on this sawdust contains a lot of wood, this is used as a heat source for the biomass boiler. (E) Finally after the combustion in the biomass boiler There is a series of processes in which incineration ash is generated.

Here, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), at least phosphoric acid generated in the medium preparation (a) after the waste microbial bed generated in the previous step is used as fuel for the biomass boiler. Incineration ash containing lime, potash, and bitter earth components is added at a rate of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the entire medium to prepare a medium.
As described above, the incinerated ash containing at least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), and bitter earth (MgO) in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% This is because the yield of mushrooms is greatly increased, and this is promoted even in the main cultivation method.

Now, it moves to mushroom cultivation (b), and the temperature is adjusted by the combustion heat of the biomass boiler at that time, and the fuel of the biomass boiler uses the waste microbial bed generated in the previous process in the same facility. To do.
In other words, regardless of the unspecified waste bed, the waste bed generated in the previous process is used as a heat source for the biomass boiler in the same facility. Regardless, it aims to use without the need for transportation.

At this time, the generated waste microbial bed is in a dry state with a moisture content of about 50% or less, and is used in the same facility as described above in a form that does not need to be chipped.
For example, a waste bacteria bed having a size of about 30 × 15 × 15 cm is left in the field for one week, and the water content is reduced to 45%. And the form which does not need to chip | tip refers to the form which removed the waste microbial bed from the cultivation container, or the form which divided | segmented them into several pieces.
Thus, it is possible to use the generated waste bed as a heat source of the biomass boiler without requiring a dedicated facility for chip formation or the like and without requiring labor.

  In addition, there was a risk of generating germs and pests when left in this waste microbial bed because of the presence of bacteria in the floor. This risk can be avoided.

After this mushroom cultivation (b), as in the case of FIG. 2 (b) above, there is the generation (c) of the waste fungus bed, and then the biomass boiler (d) is transferred. c) is used as a fuel for a bioboiler in the step shown in FIG. 2 (c) as a post-process, and is used as a heat source for temperature adjustment in mushroom cultivation.
And generation | occurrence | production (e) of incineration ash continues again, but this is utilized also for preparation of the culture medium in post-process FIG. 2 (C).

Thus, in sequence, the incinerated ash and waste microbial bed generated in the previous process are repeated as a series of processes for use as a fuel for a biomass boiler for medium preparation and temperature adjustment for mushroom cultivation in the subsequent process.
In addition, the pre-process in the relationship between the pre-process and the post-process means not only the process immediately before the process but also includes the process two or more times before.

  As a result, as described above, in addition to increasing the yield of mushrooms by using incinerated ash within an appropriate range, the waste bacteria bed generated in the previous process should be used as fuel for biomass boilers in the subsequent process in the same facility. Therefore, the labor for transporting the waste microbial bed to another facility can be eliminated, and the waste microbial bed can be used as fuel for biomass boilers in a form that does not require pelletization, thereby eliminating the cost of installing dedicated facilities. It becomes possible.

Claims (5)

At least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potato (K ₂ O), bitter soil generated after using the waste fungus bed by mushroom cultivation using woody base material as the main raw material as fuel for biomass boiler A medium for mushroom cultivation, characterized in that incinerated ash containing (MgO) is added at a rate of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the whole medium.   The culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein incinerated ash is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole culture medium. A culture medium using a woody base material as the main raw material was produced, and mushroom cultivation was carried out. After that, a waste microbial bed was generated, and the waste microbial bed was used as a fuel for a biomass boiler and used as a fuel for a biomass boiler. In mushroom cultivation that consists of a process that generates incineration ash later,
The incineration ash containing at least phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), lime (CaO), potassium (K ₂ O), and bitter earth (MgO) generated after the medium production was used as a fuel for biomass boilers. Is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the whole medium,
The mushroom cultivation is carried out by using the combustion heat generated using the waste fungus bed as a fuel for the biomass boiler as a heat source for adjusting the temperature of the mushroom cultivation,
A method for cultivating mushrooms, characterized in that the incinerated ash generated in the previous step and the waste fungus bed are used as a fuel for a biomass boiler for medium production and mushroom cultivation in a later step in the same facility.   4. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the waste fungus bed generated in the previous step is dried and the biomass for the medium preparation and mushroom cultivation in the subsequent step in the same facility in a form that does not require pelletization. A mushroom cultivation method characterized by being used as a fuel for a boiler.   The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein incinerated ash is added at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 wt% with respect to the whole medium.