JP2018170224A - Method for processing on-vehicle battery pack waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for processing the on-vehicle battery pack waste, in which the on-vehicle battery pack waste can be easily heated and processed without dismantling the on-vehicle battery pack waste.SOLUTION: Disclosed is a method for processing the on-vehicle battery pack waste, in which the on-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is processed, whose periphery is surrounded by a case and batteries are housed in the inside thereof. The on-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is heated in a state where a structure surrounded by the case is maintained, and the on-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is heated and processed while a case inside resin material melted by heat is made outflow to the outside of the case.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing a vehicle-mounted battery pack waste disposed in a predetermined vehicle and having a battery accommodated in a case. In particular, the present invention is easy without disassembling the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste. A technique that can be heat-treated is proposed.

  Vehicles such as hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicles are equipped with a battery that supplies electric power to an electric motor as a drive source. In order to make this battery function effectively, normally, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 and the like, the battery, an ECU that controls the battery, a cooling device that cools the battery, and various sensors that measure the battery state In-vehicle battery packs are used in which a large number of electrical components such as a single package are housed in a case.

  As a battery of such an in-vehicle battery pack, a secondary battery that can be used repeatedly by storing electricity by charging, in particular a nickel metal hydride battery, is generally used. Recently, a lithium transition metal composite oxide is used as a positive electrode. Lithium ion secondary batteries using the above have been used. In particular, lithium ion secondary batteries contain valuable metals such as cobalt, and when the vehicle battery pack is discarded after use, it can be included in such waste from the viewpoint of effective use of resources. It is desired that the valuable metal is easily recovered at a relatively low cost for reuse.

Japanese Patent No. 4917307 Japanese Patent No. 4955995 Japanese Patent No. 5464357 JP 2006-179190 A

  By the way, generally, in order to treat the lithium ion secondary battery waste used for the electronic device or the like for the recovery of valuable metals, first, a roasting step of heating the lithium ion secondary battery waste is performed. Thereafter, the powdered battery powder obtained by crushing and sieving is added to the leaching solution and leached. Then, each metal element dissolved in the solution after the leaching is separated and recovered by solvent extraction or neutralization.

However, because the battery pack waste for vehicles described above is surrounded and protected by a metal case, the structure is similar to the lithium ion secondary battery waste for electronic devices. Even when trying to heat or roast, it is difficult to ignite the resin material inside. As a result, it was found that in-vehicle battery pack waste requires a great amount of time for the roasting process and has problems in terms of processing efficiency and cost.
On the other hand, opening and disassembling the case of the in-vehicle battery pack waste not only takes time for disassembling work but also has a risk of electric shock due to residual voltage.

  An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem when processing vehicle battery pack waste, and the object thereof is to easily heat the vehicle battery pack waste without disassembling it. It is providing the processing method of the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste material which can be processed.

  As a result of studying the background, the inventor has heated the on-vehicle battery pack waste so that the resin material inside melts and flows out of the case without disassembling the on-vehicle battery pack waste during heat treatment. The present inventors have found that the heat treatment is promoted because the resin material flows out of the case while burning, thereby greatly shortening the treatment time.

  Under such knowledge, the in-vehicle battery pack waste processing method of the present invention is a method for processing in-vehicle battery pack waste that is surrounded by a case and contains a battery therein. Heating the vehicle battery pack waste while heating the vehicle battery pack waste while maintaining the structure surrounded by the case, and letting the resin material inside the case melted by the heat flow out of the case There is.

Preferably, the in-vehicle battery pack waste has a vertically long outer shape in one direction, and the in-vehicle battery pack waste is inclined or orthogonal to the horizontal plane in the longitudinal direction of the in-vehicle battery pack waste. The vehicle-mounted battery pack waste is heat-treated.
In this case, it is preferable that the angle formed by the longitudinal direction of the in-vehicle battery pack waste and the horizontal plane is 30 ° to 90 °. The larger this angle is, the better the resin material is discharged to the outside of the case.

Further, preferably, in the heat treatment of the in-vehicle battery pack waste in the incinerator, the mounting surface of the in-vehicle battery pack waste is positioned away from the furnace bottom provided with the burner of the incinerator. A space is provided between the mounting surface and the furnace bottom.
In this case, the mounting surface described above is a grate and flows into the space between the mounting surface described above and the furnace bottom in the incinerator and flows out of the case of the on-vehicle battery pack waste during heat treatment. A resin receiving point for receiving the molten resin material passing through the surface can be provided. It should be noted that there is no particular problem even if the resin receiving portion is not provided as long as the resin material can be discharged into the furnace without the resin receiving portion.

  In addition, in the vehicle battery pack waste processing method according to the present invention, the vehicle battery pack waste is heated at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher for 15 minutes or more, particularly 15 minutes to 30 minutes, and the vehicle battery pack is mounted. It is preferable to heat treat the waste.

  According to the vehicle battery pack waste processing method of the present invention, the resin material is obtained by heat-treating the vehicle battery pack waste while the resin material melted by heat inside the case flows out of the case. Therefore, the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste can be easily heat-treated without being disassembled.

It is a side view which shows typically an example of the arrangement | positioning aspect of the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste which can be employ | adopted with the processing method of the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing a state in which a molten resin material flows out of a case in the vehicle battery pack waste arrangement mode of FIG. 1. It is a side view which shows typically the other example of the arrangement | positioning aspect of vehicle-mounted battery pack waste.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the method for treating vehicle battery pack waste according to the present invention, the structure surrounded by the case is maintained when processing the vehicle battery pack waste in which the periphery is surrounded by the case and the battery is accommodated therein. In this state, the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste is heated, and the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste is heat-treated while causing the resin material inside the case melted by the heat to flow out of the case.

(In-vehicle battery pack waste)
The in-vehicle battery pack waste targeted by the present invention is in-vehicle battery pack waste mounted on vehicles such as hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicles. More specifically, it is an in-vehicle battery pack that is discarded due to replacement of a scrapped vehicle or an in-vehicle battery pack or a manufacturing defect or for other reasons. By targeting such in-vehicle battery pack waste, Can be used effectively.

In-vehicle battery packs generally include a metal case that constitutes a casing around the battery pack, a battery that is housed in the case, and has a plurality of battery cells, and other components. The components inside the case include a control device such as an ECU for controlling the battery, a cooling device that circulates cooling air inside the case, for example, in order to suppress the battery temperature from rising or discharging, and the state of the battery There are various sensors and other necessary electrical components that measure temperature and so on.
In-vehicle battery packs have various shapes depending on the space restrictions of the vehicle on which the battery pack is mounted. For example, the battery pack for vehicles has a vertically long shape that is long in one direction, such as a rectangular parallelepiped having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. Some have an outer shape.

  As the battery housed in the in-vehicle battery pack, a nickel-cadmium secondary battery, a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, or the like that can be charged and used repeatedly is used.

  Among these, in the lithium ion secondary battery, a positive electrode active material composed of one or more single metal oxides of lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese or two or more composite metal oxides is usually an aluminum foil ( For example, a positive electrode coated and fixed with, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or other organic binder, a negative electrode made of a carbon-based material, an electrolytic solution such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate, or the like Electrolytes. In particular, valuable metals such as cobalt are included as the metal constituting the positive electrode, and it is desirable from the viewpoint of effective use of resources to recover these valuable metals from waste.

  The case of the in-vehicle battery pack generally has an opening that allows the inside of the case to communicate with the outside of the case. Depending on the type of the in-vehicle battery pack, in the in-vehicle battery pack having a vertically long outer shape in one direction as described above, the opening may be present on the end face in the longitudinal direction.

(Roasting process)
The in-vehicle battery pack waste as described above has a solid structure whose periphery is protected by a case made of metal or the like, so that it is not easy to disassemble it. In case of dismantling, there is a risk of electric shock due to residual voltage.
For this reason, in the embodiment of the present invention, a roasting step is performed in which the vehicle battery pack waste is not disassembled, and the structure surrounded by the case is maintained, and a heat treatment is performed on the structure. Thereby, the time required for the dismantling work can be reduced, and the risk of electric shock can be eliminated.

However, even if the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste is simply heated, it is difficult to sufficiently roast it because the inside is protected by a metal case that forms the exterior.
On the other hand, here, we focus on the resin material contained in the case of the battery pack waste for in-vehicle use and dispose of the in-vehicle battery pack under the knowledge that it can be effectively roasted if it can be ignited The vehicle-mounted battery pack waste is heat-treated while the product is heated, and at least a part of the resin material melted by the heat inside the case flows out of the case. Thereby, the heating time required for roasting can be shortened. If the molten resin material flows out to the outside of the case at least at a certain point during the heat treatment, combustion by igniting this leads to effective roasting of the in-vehicle battery pack waste.

  The resin material contained in the case of the in-vehicle battery pack waste is used, for example, in each part of the battery ECU, blower, various sensors, etc. of the in-vehicle battery pack. Since it is melted by heat and ignited while flowing out by flowing out of the case, and the combustion resulting from it rapidly raises the temperature, roasting is performed effectively in a short time.

Here, various methods can be conceived for causing the resin material inside the case of the on-vehicle battery pack waste to flow out of the case. For example, as illustrated in the schematic diagram of FIG. In the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 having the outer shape, the direction in which the longitudinal direction LD is inclined or orthogonal to the horizontal plane HP particularly when the opening of the case is present at the end face in the longitudinal direction LD or the end portion in the vicinity thereof. It is easy to dispose and heat-treat, and it is possible to realize effective outflow of the resin material.
In this case, the resin material 2 melted by heat flows in the longitudinal direction inside the case, and as shown in FIG. 2, it is effective to the outside from the gap of the case at the lower end of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1. Flows out. On the other hand, when such an in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is arranged in a direction in which the longitudinal direction LD is parallel to the horizontal plane HP, the molten resin material 2 stays in gaps between a plurality of battery cells inside the case. May be stored, and this may not flow out of the case.

  In this way, when the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is arranged in a direction in which the longitudinal direction LD is inclined or orthogonal to the horizontal plane HP, the angle θ formed by the longitudinal direction LD of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 and the horizontal plane HP is Measured on the acute angle side is preferably 30 ° to 90 °. If this angle θ is too small, most of the molten resin material 2 inside the case cannot flow out of the case, and there is a concern that ignition will be insufficient.

Therefore, the angle θ formed by the longitudinal direction LD of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 and the horizontal plane HP is preferably 30 ° to 90 °, and more preferably 60 ° to 90 °.
Here, the longitudinal direction LD of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 passes through the cross-sectional center points Pa and Pb at both ends 1a and 1b of the vertically long in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 extending in one direction. It means the direction along the straight line.

  Or when the opening part of the case of vehicle-mounted battery pack waste 1 does not exist in the edge part of longitudinal direction LD, depending on the position with the opening part of a case, the opening part is a vertical direction lower than a horizontal direction. It is preferable to perform the heat treatment in a state directed toward the point in order to realize good discharge of the resin material.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the angle θ formed between the longitudinal direction LD of the vehicle battery pack waste 1 and the horizontal plane HP can be approximately 90 °. In this case, the vehicle battery pack waste The one longitudinal direction LD is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane HP.

In order to heat the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste 1, a general incinerator used for incineration of combustible waste using a flame such as a heavy oil burner can be used. This is advantageous in that an increase in equipment cost can be suppressed as compared with the case where special equipment is used.
When the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste 1 is put into the incinerator and heated, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one or a plurality of vehicle-mounted battery pack wastes 1 are, for example, made of metal cages or the like The battery pack storage container 3 can be put into a predetermined battery pack storage container 3 and put into the incinerator together with the battery pack storage container 3.

  And here, the bottom face of this battery pack storage container 3 containing the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is disposed on the grate 4 (the mounting surface of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1). An incinerator burner is positioned away from the furnace bottom 5 where it is located. Thereby, a space 6 is provided between the grate 4 and the furnace bottom 5.

Further, in this case, a resin receiving portion 7 can be provided in the space 6 between the grate 4 and the furnace bottom 5 as a receiving tray for the molten resin material. However, as long as the resin material is discharged into the furnace. It is not always necessary to provide the resin receiving portion 7. Further, the resin receiving portion 7 may have any shape or form as long as it can receive the molten resin material.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, during the heat treatment, the molten resin material that flows out of the case of the in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 and passes through the grate 4 is held in the resin receiving portion 7, where the furnace Since it is easily ignited by a burner (not shown) of the bottom 5, the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste 1 can be roasted more effectively by the combustion of the resin material.

  The in-vehicle battery pack waste 1 is preferably heated at a temperature of 650 ° C. or higher for 15 minutes or more in order to sufficiently heat and roast and perform subsequent processing. In particular, it is more preferable to heat at a temperature of 650 ° C. to 850 ° C. for 15 to 30 minutes. The temperature here means the temperature in the furnace.

(Metal recovery process)
After performing the roasting process as described above, valuable metals and other metals can be recovered from the in-vehicle battery pack waste after roasting by various known methods.
For example, when the on-vehicle battery pack waste is a lithium ion secondary battery, the same wet treatment as that of the lithium ion secondary battery waste for electronic devices can be performed to collect various metals. Specifically, the crushing step for crushing the on-vehicle battery pack waste after roasting, the sieving step for sieving after crushing, the leaching step for acid leaching the granular material under the sieve, solvent extraction or By performing neutralization or the like, a recovery step of separating and recovering each metal element dissolved therein can be performed.

  Next, the in-vehicle battery pack waste processing method of the present invention was experimentally carried out, and the effects thereof were confirmed. However, the description here is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

  In Comparative Example 1, the incinerator No. 1 was not disassembled without disassembling one on-vehicle battery pack waste (40 kg). It arrange | positioned horizontally in 1 furnace and heat-processed. Every hour, the inside of the furnace was confirmed to confirm that flames had appeared, the flames disappeared, the flame was removed from the furnace, and the outer frame was disassembled.

  In Examples 1 to 3, six in-vehicle battery pack wastes (240 kg in total) were incinerator No. 1 without being dismantled. In the furnace of No. 4, as shown in FIG. 1, the container was placed leaning on the side wall in the container, and this was put into the incinerator together with the container for heat treatment.

  In Examples 4 to 7, 12 to 16 in-vehicle battery pack wastes (total 600 kg) are arranged vertically as shown in FIG. 3 without being disassembled, and this is placed in the incinerator together with the container. And then heat-treated. Examples 4 and 6 are incinerator No. 4 and Example 5 is an incinerator No. 1 and Example 7 is an incinerator No. 2 were used respectively.

Table 1 shows the heating time and burner usage time of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7, respectively.
Incinerator No. In 1 and 2, a roast of a water-cooled pipe on which an incineration object is placed is disposed in a furnace, and a lower side of the rooster is an ash extraction part. Incinerator No. 4 has a refractory for placing a container in which an object to be incinerated is placed inside the furnace. Incinerator No. 3 is not used here.

In Comparative Example 1, some resin material was seen flowing out of the case opening at the longitudinal end of the on-vehicle battery pack waste, but the flame from the inside of the case did not subside, and it took 6 hours to complete the incineration. On the way, the case was opened and dismantled, and the incineration was completed by roasting with a burner.
In Example 1-7, when confirmed in the middle of heating, the resin material was flowing out from the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste, and in particular in Examples 4-7, a large amount of the resin material was flowing out and ignited. The whole was burning. Moreover, from the result shown in Table 1, in Examples 1-7, it turns out that heating time and burner use time were able to be shortened significantly.
Therefore, according to this invention, it turned out that it can heat-process easily, without disassembling vehicle-mounted battery pack waste.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle battery pack waste 1a, 1b End part of vehicle battery pack waste 2 Molten resin material 3 Battery pack storage container 4 Grate (placement surface of vehicle battery pack waste)
5 Furnace bottom 6 Space 7 Resin receiving point LD Longitudinal direction of in-vehicle battery pack waste HP horizontal plane θ Angle formed by longitudinal direction of in-vehicle battery pack waste and horizontal plane Pa, Pb End of in-car battery pack waste Cross-section center point

Claims (6)

A method for treating a vehicle-mounted battery pack waste that is surrounded by a case and contains a battery therein,
Heating the vehicle battery pack waste while heating the vehicle battery pack waste while maintaining the structure surrounded by the case, and letting the resin material inside the case melted by the heat flow out of the case, In-vehicle battery pack waste disposal method. Vehicle battery pack waste has a vertically long outer shape in one direction,
The in-vehicle battery pack waste is disposed in such a direction that a longitudinal direction of the in-vehicle battery pack waste is inclined or orthogonal to a horizontal plane, and the in-vehicle battery pack waste is heat-treated. In-vehicle battery pack waste disposal method.   The processing method of the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste according to claim 2, wherein an angle formed between a longitudinal direction of the vehicle-mounted battery pack waste and a horizontal plane is set to 30 ° to 90 °.   When heat-treating the battery pack waste for vehicle use in the incinerator, the placement surface of the battery pack waste for vehicle installation is positioned away from the bottom of the furnace where the burner of the incinerator is provided. The in-vehicle battery pack waste processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a space is provided between the bottom of the furnace.   The mounting surface described above is a grate, and flows into the space between the previous mounting surface in the incinerator and the bottom of the furnace and flows out of the case of the on-vehicle battery pack waste during the heat treatment and passes through the mounting surface. The in-vehicle battery pack waste disposal method according to claim 4, wherein a resin receiving location for receiving the molten resin material is provided.   The in-vehicle battery pack waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the in-vehicle battery pack waste is heated at a temperature of 650 ° C for 15 minutes or more to heat-treat the in-vehicle battery pack waste. How to handle things.

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