JP2018169290A - Durability evaluation method of buried object in cementitious hardened body - Google Patents
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- JP2018169290A JP2018169290A JP2017066887A JP2017066887A JP2018169290A JP 2018169290 A JP2018169290 A JP 2018169290A JP 2017066887 A JP2017066887 A JP 2017066887A JP 2017066887 A JP2017066887 A JP 2017066887A JP 2018169290 A JP2018169290 A JP 2018169290A
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 reinforcing bars Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、コンクリートおよびモルタル（以下、フレッシュな状態のコンクリートおよびモルタルを「セメント組成物」といい、硬化した状態のコンクリートおよびモルタルを「セメント質硬化体」ということがある。）中に埋設した繊維、鉄筋および被覆材料等の耐久性（特に、耐アルカリ性）を簡易に評価する方法に関する。 The present invention is embedded in concrete and mortar (hereinafter, fresh concrete and mortar may be referred to as “cement composition”, and hardened concrete and mortar may be referred to as “cemented hardened body”). The present invention relates to a method for easily evaluating the durability (particularly alkali resistance) of fibers, reinforcing bars and coating materials.
近年、コンクリート構造物の維持管理やモニタリングに使うための各種センサが開発され、例えば、コンクリート構造物中へ光ファイバーセンサを埋設して、鋼材の腐食を早期かつ正確に検出する方法が提案されている（特許文献１、非特許文献１）。
また、コンクリート構造物のひび割れの低減やコンクリートの剥落防止のため、施工時に構造物中にガラス繊維を埋設したり、構造物の表面に炭素繊維等を接着する工法が検討されている。
In recent years, various sensors have been developed for use in the maintenance and monitoring of concrete structures. For example, a method has been proposed in which an optical fiber sensor is embedded in a concrete structure to detect corrosion of steel early and accurately. (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1).
In addition, in order to reduce cracks in concrete structures and prevent concrete from peeling off, methods of embedding glass fibers in the structure during construction or bonding carbon fibers to the surface of the structure are being studied.
ところで、前記センサ等をコンクリート構造物中に埋設する場合、前記センサ等には高アルカリ環境下での耐久性が求められる。そこで、センサ等の評価対象物の耐アルカリ性を簡易に評価する方法の一つに、コンクリート中のアルカリ環境を模擬した飽和水酸化カルシウム溶液中に浸漬する方法がある。しかし、コンクリート中の空隙水は、水酸化カルシウム（CH）単相ではなく、Na＋やK＋等のアルカリ金属イオンをはじめ複数の化学成分を含むため、水酸化カルシウムだけに起因するアルカリ環境は、現実のアルカリ環境と乖離した状態であり、実際のセメント質硬化体中において、耐アルカリ性を評価するのが好ましい。 By the way, when the sensor or the like is embedded in a concrete structure, the sensor or the like is required to have durability in a highly alkaline environment. Therefore, as one method for simply evaluating the alkali resistance of an evaluation object such as a sensor, there is a method of immersing in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution simulating an alkaline environment in concrete. However, the pore water in concrete is not a single phase of calcium hydroxide (CH) but contains multiple chemical components including alkali metal ions such as Na + and K +, so the alkaline environment caused solely by calcium hydroxide is not It is in a state deviating from the actual alkaline environment, and it is preferable to evaluate the alkali resistance in the actual hardened cementitious material.
そこで、実際のセメント質硬化体中で耐アルカリ性を評価する方法の一つとして、図１に示すように、セメント質硬化体の供試体の中心線上に評価対象物を所定の期間配置した後、供試体を割裂する方法が考えられる。しかし、対象物を中心線上に配置することは容易ではない。また、供試体の割裂時に中心線に沿って供試体が割れない場合もあり、当該状態にある評価対象物を損傷させずに取り出すことは難しい。 Therefore, as one of the methods for evaluating the alkali resistance in the actual hardened cementitious body, as shown in FIG. 1, after placing the evaluation object on the center line of the specimen of the hardened cementitious body for a predetermined period, A method of splitting the specimen can be considered. However, it is not easy to place the object on the center line. In addition, when the specimen is split, the specimen may not break along the center line, and it is difficult to take out the evaluation object in this state without damaging it.
そこで、本発明は、セメント質硬化体中に埋設される繊維、鉄筋および被覆材料等の耐久性を簡易に評価する方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for simply evaluating the durability of fibers, reinforcing bars, coating materials and the like embedded in a cementitious hardened body.
本発明者は、前記目的を達成するため種々検討したところ、評価対象物を芯材に接触させて、セメント質硬化体中に埋設すれは、評価対象物の耐久性を簡易に評価できることを見い出し、本発明を完成させた。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の構成を有するセメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性評価方法である。
As a result of various studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor found that the durability of the evaluation object can be easily evaluated by placing the evaluation object in contact with the core material and embedding it in the hardened cementitious material. The present invention has been completed.
That is, this invention is a durability evaluation method of the embedded object in the cementitious hardened | cured material which has the following structures.
［１］（Ａ）評価対象物を芯材に接触させる工程、（Ｂ）評価対象物が接触した芯材を型枠に配置した後、セメント組成物を打設して脱型し、供試体を作製する工程、および（Ｃ）作製した供試体を所定期間養生した後、該供試体を割裂して、芯材に接触した評価対象物を取り出し、評価対象物の耐久性を評価する工程を、少なくとも含む、セメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性評価方法。
［２］前記芯材が、鋼材、プラスチック、ガラス、またはセラミックスである、前記［１］に記載のセメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性評価方法。
［３］前記型枠が、供試体の割裂が容易になる溝を付与するためのスペーサーを、対向した状態で１組以上、型枠の内側の側面に設置してなる型枠である、前記［１］または［２］に記載の、セメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性評価方法。
[1] (A) A step of bringing the evaluation object into contact with the core material, (B) After placing the core material in contact with the evaluation object on the formwork, the cement composition is placed and demolded, and the specimen And (C) after curing the prepared specimen for a predetermined period, splitting the specimen, taking out the evaluation object in contact with the core material, and evaluating the durability of the evaluation object The durability evaluation method of the embedded object in the cementitious hardened body at least.
[2] The method for evaluating durability of an embedded object in a hardened cementitious material according to [1], wherein the core material is steel, plastic, glass, or ceramics.
[3] The mold is a mold formed by installing one or more sets of spacers on the inner side surface of the mold in a state of facing each other, in order to provide a groove for facilitating the splitting of the specimen. [1] or [2], the durability evaluation method for an embedded object in a cementitious hardened body.
本発明によれば、セメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性を、簡易に評価することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, durability of the embedded object in a cementitious hardened body can be evaluated easily.
本発明は、前記のとおり、（Ａ）評価対象物を芯材に接触させる工程、（Ｂ）評価対象物が接触した芯材を型枠に配置した後、セメント組成物を打設して脱型し、供試体を作製する工程、（Ｃ）作製した供試体を所定期間養生した後、該供試体を割裂して、芯材に接触した評価対象物を取り出して、評価対象物の耐久性を評価する工程を、少なくとも含む、セメント質硬化体中の埋設物の耐久性評価方法である。以下、前記（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）工程に分けて説明する。 As described above, the present invention includes (A) a step of bringing the evaluation object into contact with the core material, and (B) placing the core material in contact with the evaluation object on the formwork, and then placing and removing the cement composition. A step of molding and preparing a specimen, (C) after curing the prepared specimen for a predetermined period, splitting the specimen, taking out the evaluation object in contact with the core material, and durability of the evaluation object Is a method for evaluating the durability of an embedded object in a hardened cementitious body, which includes at least a step of evaluating. Hereinafter, the steps (A) to (C) will be described separately.
（Ａ）工程
該工程は、評価対象物を芯材に接触させる工程である。前記接触は、例えば、接着剤やテープ等を用いて評価対象物の一部または全部を芯材に固定することにより、評価対象物全体を芯材に沿わす、巻き付ける、貼付する、または被覆する等の態様が挙げられる。
該評価対象物は、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ナイロン繊維、光ファイバー、鉄線、繊維シート、および塗料等から選ばれる１種以上が挙げられる。これらのうち、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ナイロン繊維、光ファイバー、鉄線、および繊維シートは芯材に巻き付けて評価に供し、また、塗料は芯材に被覆して評価に供する。なお、芯材に２種類以上の評価対象物を接触させれば、１度の試験で複数の種類の材料の耐久性を評価でき効率的である。
芯材の形状は円筒や角柱が挙げられ、角材では、それぞれの面に異なる評価対象物を貼り付けて、また、円筒では、複数の異なる繊維を周回させて、評価に供することができる。また、芯材の材質は、鋼材（鉄筋）、プラスチック、ガラス、またはセラミックスが挙げられる。
(A) Process This process is a process of bringing the evaluation object into contact with the core material. In the contact, for example, by fixing a part or all of the evaluation object to the core material using an adhesive, a tape, or the like, the entire evaluation object is placed along, wound, pasted, or covered along the core material. And the like.
Examples of the evaluation object include one or more selected from glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber, optical fiber, iron wire, fiber sheet, paint, and the like. Among these, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber, optical fiber, iron wire, and fiber sheet are wrapped around a core material for evaluation, and a coating material is coated on a core material for evaluation. In addition, if two or more types of evaluation objects are brought into contact with the core material, durability of a plurality of types of materials can be evaluated in one test, which is efficient.
Examples of the shape of the core material include a cylinder and a prism. In the case of a square material, different evaluation objects can be attached to each surface, and in the case of a cylinder, a plurality of different fibers can be circulated for evaluation. Examples of the material of the core material include steel (rebar), plastic, glass, or ceramics.
（Ｂ）工程
該工程は、評価対象物が接触した芯材を型枠に配置した後、セメント組成物を打設して脱型し、供試体を作製する工程である。該型枠は特に制限されず、円筒形、角柱形のいずれも使える。該供試体は、供試体の割裂を容易にするため、面木等のスペーサーを、型枠の内側の側面に対向した状態で１組以上設置して、供試体の高さ方向に切欠きを入れた供試体が好ましい。スペーサーの断面形状は特に制限されず、三角形や四角形等が挙げられる。また、面木の材質は特に制限されず、木材、樹脂等が挙げられ、例えば、コンクリート用目地材、カットした木材、またはスポンジを用いると、切欠きの形成が容易である。
供試体のかぶり厚さ（供試体の表面（側面）から芯材の表面までの距離）は、評価対象物および芯材の寸法に応じて任意に設定できるが、セメント質硬化体中での耐久性を正しく評価するためには、好ましくは５ｍｍ以上である。また、供試体の割裂を容易にすることと、セメント質硬化体中での耐久性を正しく評価することの兼ね合いから、スペーサーの厚みは、スペーサーを設置した箇所におけるかぶり厚さに対し、好ましくは２５〜７５％である。
また、芯材の両端面がセメント組成物中に埋設されるように、セメント組成物を打設することが好ましい。芯材の上下面にもかぶりを設けることにより、耐久性の評価に影響を与える炭酸ガス等の外的因子がセメント質硬化体中に浸透することを防止できる。また、セメント組成物は、評価対象物が実際に使用されるセメント組成物が好ましいが、評価対象物の評価目的に応じて調整するとよい。例えば、アルカリや塩分を添加して、これらの劣化因子が評価対象物に及ぼす影響を評価することができる。
(B) Process This process is a process of placing a core material in contact with an evaluation object on a mold, placing a cement composition, removing the mold, and preparing a specimen. The formwork is not particularly limited, and either a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape can be used. In order to facilitate the splitting of the specimen, install one or more spacers such as face plates facing the inner side of the mold, and make notches in the height direction of the specimen. Specimens put in are preferred. The cross-sectional shape of the spacer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a triangle and a quadrangle. Moreover, the material of the face wood is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood, resin, and the like. For example, when a joint material for concrete, cut wood, or sponge is used, formation of a notch is easy.
The cover thickness of the specimen (distance from the surface (side surface) of the specimen to the surface of the core material) can be set arbitrarily according to the evaluation object and the dimensions of the core material. In order to correctly evaluate the property, the thickness is preferably 5 mm or more. Further, from the viewpoint of facilitating the splitting of the specimen and correctly evaluating the durability in the cementitious cured body, the thickness of the spacer is preferably relative to the cover thickness at the location where the spacer is installed. 25-75%.
Moreover, it is preferable to cast the cement composition so that both end faces of the core material are embedded in the cement composition. By providing the cover on the upper and lower surfaces of the core material, it is possible to prevent an external factor such as carbon dioxide gas that affects the durability evaluation from penetrating into the hardened cementitious material. Further, the cement composition is preferably a cement composition in which the evaluation object is actually used, but may be adjusted according to the evaluation purpose of the evaluation object. For example, the influence of these deterioration factors on the evaluation object can be evaluated by adding alkali or salt.
（Ｃ）工程
該工程は、作製した供試体を所定期間養生した後、該供試体を割裂して、芯材に接触した評価対象物を取り出して、評価対象物の耐久性を評価する工程である。ここで、養生方法は、特に制限されず、水中養生、封緘養生、湿空養生、促進養生等が挙げられ、評価対象物の実際の養生方法に準じて養生方法を選択するとよい。割裂の方法は、供試体の切り欠き部分に三角アングル等をあてがい、ハンマー等を用いて供試体を割裂して、評価対象物を回収する。なお、アングルに関しては必ずしも必要ではなく、ハンマーのみを使用して供試体を割裂することもできる。
また、前記評価対象物の耐久性を評価するとは、例えば、評価試験後の評価対象物の表面状態を、目視、マイクロスコープ等により観察する方法が挙げられ、評価対象物の評価項目に応じて各種分析・測定を行えばよい。
(C) Process This process is a process in which, after curing the prepared specimen for a predetermined period, the specimen is split, the evaluation object in contact with the core is taken out, and the durability of the evaluation object is evaluated. is there. Here, the curing method is not particularly limited, and examples include underwater curing, sealing curing, wet curing, accelerated curing, and the like, and the curing method may be selected according to the actual curing method of the evaluation object. In the splitting method, a triangular angle or the like is assigned to the notch portion of the specimen, the specimen is split using a hammer or the like, and the evaluation object is collected. The angle is not always necessary, and the specimen can be split using only a hammer.
Further, evaluating the durability of the evaluation object includes, for example, a method of observing the surface state of the evaluation object after the evaluation test by visual observation, a microscope, etc., depending on the evaluation item of the evaluation object. Various analyzes and measurements may be performed.
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
１．供試体の作製
評価対象物を１周播き付けて、その両端を接着剤で固定した直径３０ｍｍ、高さ４０ｍｍのステンレス製鋼材（図２）を作製した。次に、断面の形状が正三角形で、高さが５ｍｍの２本の面木を対向して側面の内側に設置した、内径５０ｍｍ、高さ４０ｍｍの型枠の中に、表１に示す材料を用いて、表２に示す配合に従い混練して作製したモルタルを打設した（図３）。そして、打設して１日経過した後に脱型して、切欠きのある供試体を作製した（図５）。なお、評価対象物は、直径が１５０μｍの光ファイバーケーブル（図２、３）とネットの１区画の大きさが縦２５ｍｍ×横２５ｍｍの耐アルカリガラス繊維ネット（図４）を用いた。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
1. Preparation of specimen A stainless steel material (Fig. 2) having a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 40 mm, in which the object to be evaluated was seeded once and fixed at both ends with an adhesive, was prepared. Next, the materials shown in Table 1 are placed in a formwork having an inner diameter of 50 mm and a height of 40 mm in which two face woods having a cross section of an equilateral triangle and a height of 5 mm are placed opposite to each other on the inner side. The mortar prepared by kneading according to the formulation shown in Table 2 was placed (FIG. 3). Then, after one day had passed after casting, the mold was removed to produce a notched specimen (FIG. 5). The evaluation object used was an optical fiber cable having a diameter of 150 μm (FIGS. 2 and 3) and an alkali-resistant glass fiber net having a size of one section of the net of 25 mm × 25 mm (FIG. 4).
２．耐久性の評価
前記作製した供試体は、５日間、４０℃の湿空環境下（相対湿度は９５％以上）で養生した後、長さ方向の切欠き部分に三角アングルを当てて、ハンマーでたたいて割裂し、評価対象物を巻き付けた鋼材を取り出した（図６）。さらに、鋼材から評価対象物を回収し、表面に付着した微細なモルタルをアセトンで除去した後、評価対象物の表面の様子をマイクロスコープを用いて観察した。その結果を図７、８に示す。
2. Durability evaluation The specimens prepared above were cured for 5 days in a humid air environment at 40 ° C (relative humidity of 95% or more), and a triangular angle was applied to the notch in the length direction with a hammer. The steel material around which the evaluation object was wound was taken out by tapping (FIG. 6). Further, the evaluation object was collected from the steel material, fine mortar adhered to the surface was removed with acetone, and then the state of the surface of the evaluation object was observed using a microscope. The results are shown in FIGS.
図６に示すように、芯材に巻いた評価対象物が容易に露出して、モルタルから剥離でき、評価対象物を損傷することなく回収できた。
また、図７、８に示す実施例では、モルタル中から回収した光ファイバー（図７の（Ａ)）、および耐アルカリガラス繊維ネット（図８の（Ａ））はともに、評価試験前の状態（それぞれ図７、８の（Ｂ））と比べ、損傷や外観の変化は認められなかったことから、本発明の耐久性評価方法において、いずれの評価対象物も耐アルカリ性は高いと評価した。
As shown in FIG. 6, the evaluation object wound around the core material was easily exposed and could be peeled off from the mortar and recovered without damaging the evaluation object.
In the examples shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, both the optical fiber recovered from the mortar (FIG. 7A) and the alkali-resistant glass fiber net (FIG. 8A) are in the state before the evaluation test ( 7 and 8 (B)), no damage or change in appearance was observed, and therefore, in the durability evaluation method of the present invention, each evaluation object was evaluated as having high alkali resistance.
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