JP2018169083A - Internal state determination method and internal state determination device for freeze-drying object, and freeze-drying device - Google Patents

Abstract

To determine a time point at which the inside of an object during freeze-drying is completely dried, in a non-destructive manner.SOLUTION: A internal dry state determination method for a freeze-drying object is a method for determining an internal dry state of an object subjected to freeze-drying, and comprises: a detection step of making a resonance electromagnetic field, which is formed by using a microwave resonator, act on the object, and detecting at least one of the resonance frequency and resonance peak voltage of the resonance electromagnetic field; and a determination step of determining a time point at which the inside of the object is completely dried on the basis of secular change of the detection value obtained in the detection step.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a determination method for determining an internal dry state of an article that is freeze-dried during freeze-drying, a determination device that determines an internal dry state of the article, and a freeze-drying apparatus including the determination device.

The freeze-drying method is used in a wide range of fields such as instant foods such as cup noodles and miso soup and pharmaceuticals that dislike heat denaturation as a drying method that does not impair the quality of the target article.
However, there is currently no method for nondestructively monitoring the inside of the target article during lyophilization, and the progress of lyophilization varies within the target article. For this reason, at the present time, the completion point of freeze-drying is determined empirically.
When freeze-drying fails, there is an ice component that could not be sublimated inside the target article, and the ice component subsequently precipitates as water, impairing the quality of the target article. It cannot be returned to the process and becomes a defective product.

  By the way, in Patent Document 1, as a method for detecting the internal temperature of an article from the outside, a microwave resonator is used to detect the resonance frequency and resonance peak voltage of the microwave transmitted from the object article, and these detections are detected. A method for estimating the internal temperature of a target article from a value is disclosed.

International Publication No. 2015/146600

As described above, there is no method for non-destructively monitoring the state of the inside of the article during freeze-drying, and it takes extra time because the drying completion point is determined on the safe side.
Since the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method for detecting the internal temperature of an article from the outside, this technique cannot be applied to the determination of the completion of drying of an article that is freeze-dried as it is.

  In view of the above problems, at least one embodiment aims to make it possible to determine non-destructively the time point of completion of drying inside an article during freeze-drying.

(1) A method for determining the internal state of a freeze-dried article according to an embodiment is as follows:
A method for determining the internal dry state of an article that is freeze-dried during freeze-drying,
A step of detecting a resonance frequency or a resonance voltage of the resonance electromagnetic field by causing a microwave resonance electromagnetic field formed using a microwave resonator to act on the article;
A determination step of determining a drying completion time point inside the article based on a change over time of the detection value obtained in the detection step;
Is provided.

  Characteristics in which the absorption or transmission of microwaves that are absorbed or transmitted by the article varies greatly depending on whether the article contains moisture or whether the contained moisture is liquid phase water or solid phase ice. There is. Therefore, the resonant frequency and resonant voltage of the resonant electromagnetic field vary greatly depending on whether or not an article exists in the resonant electromagnetic field formed by the microwave resonator.

According to the method of (1), using the above characteristics, at least one of the resonance frequency or resonance voltage of the microwave transmitted through the article to be lyophilized is detected, and the change of the detected value over time is detected. Since the internal drying completion time is determined, the internal drying completion time can be determined nondestructively.
Thereby, it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be accurately determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
In addition, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., it is possible to inspect while keeping an article in a container made of these materials. Accordingly, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article, and the degree of freedom in arrangement of the microwave resonator for the article can be expanded.

(2) In one embodiment, in the method of (1),
In the determination step,
It is determined that the time point at which the slope of the change in the detected value with time exceeds a preset threshold value (threshold value having a positive slope) is the time point when the drying of the inside of the article is completed.
According to the method (2), the drying completion time point can be objectively determined by comparing the slope of the change in the detected value with time with the threshold value.
The threshold value is appropriately set from past experimental data.

(3) In one embodiment, in the method of (2),
In the determination step,
It is determined that the time point at which the detected value rises discontinuously is the time point when the drying of the inside of the article is completed.
According to the above method (3), the time point when the detected value is discontinuously increased is set as the time point when the drying is completed, so that the time point when the drying is completed can be clearly determined.

(4) In one embodiment, in any one of the methods (1) to (3),
Freeze-drying the article,
A freezing step of cooling and freezing the article;
A drying step of placing the article in a drying container, depressurizing the interior of the drying container and heating the article to sublimate ice crystals inside the article;
Prepared,
In the detection step,
The resonant electromagnetic field is formed by the microwave resonator disposed inside the drying container.

  According to the method (4), by arranging the microwave resonator inside the drying container, the change with time of the detected value clearly appears, so that the drying completion time can be accurately determined.

(5) In one embodiment, in any one of the methods (1) to (4),
The article is a food or pharmaceutical solution.
According to the method of (5) above, when the article is a food or pharmaceutical solution, the drying completion time inside the article can be determined non-destructively, so there is no need to set an extra drying time. The time required for drying can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be determined during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.

(6) The internal state determination device for a freeze-dried article according to an embodiment
An apparatus for determining an internal dry state of a freeze-dried article,
A microwave oscillator that oscillates microwaves;
A microwave resonator that forms a resonant electromagnetic field of the microwave oscillated by the microwave oscillator;
A detector for detecting at least one of a resonance frequency or a resonance peak voltage formed in the resonance electromagnetic field;
Judgment that the drying of the interior of the article is completed when the slope of the change over time of the detection value detected by the detector when the article is placed in the resonant electromagnetic field exceeds a preset threshold value And
Is provided.

According to the configuration of (6) above, at least one of the resonance frequency or the resonance voltage when the resonance electromagnetic field is applied to the determination target article is detected by the detector, and the gradient of the change over time of the detected value is set as the threshold value. By comparing, it is possible to objectively determine the drying completion point.
In this way, since the drying completion time inside the article can be determined non-destructively, it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and therefore the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
In addition, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., it is possible to inspect while keeping an article in a container made of these materials. Therefore, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article.
The threshold value is appropriately set from past experimental data.

(7) In one embodiment, in the configuration of (6),
The determination unit
A storage unit for storing the threshold value;
Comparing the change over time of the detection value detected by the detector and the threshold value, and when the slope of the change over time of the detection value exceeds the threshold value, a calculation unit that determines the completion of drying of the article;
including.
According to the configuration of (7) above, the calculation unit can objectively determine the drying completion time point by comparing the slope of the change with time detected by the detector and a preset threshold value from experimental data or the like.

(8) A freeze-drying apparatus according to an embodiment includes:
A freezing part for freezing the article;
A drying container in which the article frozen in the freezing section is stored;
A heating unit for applying heat for sublimation to the article contained in the drying container;
A decompression section for decompressing the inside of the drying container;
An internal state determination device for a freeze-dried article having the configuration of (6) or (7);
Is provided.

In the configuration of (8) above, in the drying step, the article frozen in the freezing section is placed in the drying container, the inside of the drying container is depressurized, and the ice inside the article is added by applying heat for sublimation to the article. Sublimate ingredients. At this time, by providing the internal state determination device, it is possible to determine the completion point of drying inside the article during lyophilization without destruction. Accordingly, it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened, and the time point of completion of drying can be determined in real time during the freeze-drying process, so that defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
In addition, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., it is possible to inspect while keeping an article in a container made of these materials. Therefore, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article.

(9) In one embodiment, in the configuration of (8),
The internal state determination device includes the microwave oscillator that causes the resonance electromagnetic field to act on the article,
The microwave resonator is disposed inside the drying container, and causes the resonance electromagnetic field to act on the article inside the drying container.
According to the configuration of (9), since the microwave resonator can act on the article inside the drying container, the change with time in the detected value of the resonance frequency or the resonance peak voltage clearly appears. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the drying completion time point.

  According to one embodiment, it is possible to determine the completion point of drying inside the article during lyophilization in a nondestructive manner, so that it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and the time required for lyophilization can be shortened. Moreover, since the dry state inside the article can be determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.

It is a systematic diagram of the internal state determination device according to an embodiment. It is the schematic of the microwave resonator which concerns on one Embodiment. It is process drawing of the internal state determination method which concerns on one Embodiment. It is the schematic of the drying container which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the resonant frequency which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the resonant voltage which concerns on one Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the freeze-drying process which concerns on one Embodiment. (A) is front sectional drawing of the freezing part of the freeze-drying apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment, (B) is front sectional drawing of the drying part of this freeze-drying apparatus.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in the embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples.
For example, expressions expressing relative or absolute arrangements such as “in a certain direction”, “along a certain direction”, “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “center”, “concentric” or “coaxial” are strictly In addition to such an arrangement, it is also possible to represent a state of relative displacement with an angle or a distance such that tolerance or the same function can be obtained.
For example, an expression indicating that things such as “identical”, “equal”, and “homogeneous” are in an equal state not only represents an exactly equal state, but also has a tolerance or a difference that can provide the same function. It also represents the existing state.
For example, expressions representing shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes represent not only geometrically strict shapes such as quadrangular shapes and cylindrical shapes, but also irregularities and chamfers as long as the same effects can be obtained. A shape including a part or the like is also expressed.
On the other hand, the expressions “comprising”, “comprising”, “comprising”, “including”, or “having” one constituent element are not exclusive expressions for excluding the existence of other constituent elements.

FIG. 1 shows a determination apparatus 10 according to an embodiment for determining an internal state determination of an article to be freeze-dried.
The determination apparatus 10 includes a microwave oscillator 12 that oscillates a microwave. The microwave oscillated by the microwave oscillator 12 is supplied to the microwave resonator 14, and the microwave resonator 14 forms a microwave resonant electromagnetic field.
The microwave detector 16 detects at least one of a resonance frequency and a resonance voltage formed in the resonance electromagnetic field. When determining the drying completion time of the article to be inspected, the resonance frequency or resonance voltage when a resonance electromagnetic field is applied to the article being freeze-dried is detected, and the detected value is sent to the determination unit 18.
The determination unit 18 is an electronic computer such as a personal computer, for example, and when the slope of the change over time of the detection value detected by the microwave detector 16 exceeds a preset threshold value (threshold value having a positive slope), It is determined that the drying inside the article has been completed.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to determine the drying completion time inside the article in a non-destructive manner, so that it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and therefore the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
In addition, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., it is possible to inspect while keeping an article in a container made of these materials. Therefore, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article.
The threshold value is appropriately set from past experimental data.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a container 34 containing an article M to be lyophilized is placed on the microwave resonator 14. The container 34 is, for example, a dish-shaped container having an open top, but is not limited to this shape, and may be a bag that can store the article M therein. The container 34 is made of glass, paper, and resin that are highly permeable to microwaves.
According to this embodiment, since the article M can be inspected while being placed in the container 34, the microwave resonator 14 can be inspected without contact with the article M.

In one embodiment, article M is, for example, a food product or a pharmaceutical solution such as a vaccine.
In this way, when the article M is a food or pharmaceutical solution, it is possible to determine the drying completion time inside the article in a non-destructive manner, so there is no need to set an extra drying time. Can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.

In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the determination unit 18 includes a memory 20 (storage unit) that stores a threshold value and a calculation unit 22. The computing unit 22 compares the change in the detected value with time detected by the microwave detector 16 with a threshold value, and determines that the drying of the article is complete when the gradient of the change in the detected value with time exceeds the threshold value.
According to this embodiment, the calculating unit 22 compares the slope of the change in the detected value detected by the microwave detector 16 with the threshold value set in advance from experimental data, thereby objectively determining the drying completion time point. Can be judged.

  In one embodiment, the display unit 24 further displays on a display or the like the change over time of the detection value detected by the microwave detector 16 and the determination result. By providing the display unit 24, the worker can visually grasp the progress of freeze-drying inside the article.

In one embodiment, the microwave transmitted from the microwave oscillator 12 is supplied to the circulator 28 via the cable 26. The circulator 28 regulates propagation of the reflected microwave to the microwave oscillator 12 so that the microwave transmitted from the microwave oscillator 12 is not reflected and damages the microwave oscillator 12.
The microwave output from the circulator 28 is supplied to the attenuator 30 via the cable 26, and after noise is removed by the attenuator 30, the microwave is supplied to the microwave resonator 14. The microwave output from the microwave resonator 14 is supplied to the attenuator 32 via the cable 26, noise is removed by the attenuator 32, and then detected by the microwave detector 16. The microwave detection signal detected at 16 is sent to the determination unit 18.

The internal dry state determination method according to an embodiment is a method of determining the internal dry state of an article M that is freeze-dried during freeze-drying.
As shown in FIG. 3, a microwave resonant electromagnetic field formed by using the microwave resonator 14 is applied to the freeze-dried article M, and at least one of the resonant frequency or resonant voltage of the resonant electromagnetic field is detected (detection). Step S12).
Next, the time point of completion of drying inside the article M is determined based on the temporal change of the detection value obtained in the detection step S12 (determination step S14).

According to the above method, by using the characteristics of the microwave with respect to the article M, it is possible to determine the time point when the drying inside the article is completed without breaking.
As a result, it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened. In addition, since the completion point of drying can be accurately determined during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
In addition, it can be determined in real time that the article has reached the point of completion of drying during freeze-drying. Furthermore, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., it is possible to inspect while keeping an article in a container made of these materials. Therefore, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article.

4 to 6 show a case where a 5% mannitol solution is used as an article to be lyophilized, and the resonance frequency and resonance voltage of the solution are monitored during lyophilization.
FIG. 4 shows the experimental instrument used at this time. A petri dish 42 containing the sample M is placed in a sealable and transparent sealed container 40. The inside of the sealed container 40 is sucked and decompressed by a suction pipe 44 connected to a vacuum pump (not shown). Thereafter, a resonant electromagnetic field was applied to the sample M by the microwave resonator 14 disposed outside the sealed container 40, and the time-dependent changes in the resonant frequency and resonant voltage generated in the resonant electromagnetic field were detected by the microwave detector 16. 5 and 6 show the detected change with time.

5 and 6 show a rapid change at time t1, and the determination unit 18 determines that the drying is completed at time t1 (determination step S14). For example, in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, if the threshold value is an inclination α, a change with time exceeding the inclination α occurs at time t1.
Thus, the resonance frequency and the resonance voltage change clearly at the time when the drying is completed, so that the time when the drying is completed can be easily determined.

In one embodiment, in the determination step S14 shown in FIG. 3, it is determined that the time point at which the slope of the change over time of the detected value exceeds a preset threshold is the time point when the drying inside the article M is completed. The inclination that can be determined as the drying completion time is a positive inclination.
According to this embodiment, the time point of completion of drying can be objectively determined by comparing the slope of the change over time of the detected value with a threshold value.
Note that the positive slope threshold is appropriately set based on past experimental data.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the determination step S <b> 14, it is determined that the time point at which the detected value has risen discontinuously is the time point at which drying inside the article M is completed.
According to this embodiment, when the detected value rises discontinuously is set as the drying completion time, the drying completion time can be clearly determined.
5 and 6 are time-dependent change curves when a 5% mannitol solution is used as the article M to be lyophilized, but even when food is used as the article M, the detected values of the resonance frequency and the resonance voltage are shown. As for the change with time, when the drying is completed, a time-dependent change curve that rises discontinuously is obtained in substantially the same manner as in FIGS.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the step S10 for freeze-drying the article M includes a freezing step S10a for cooling and freezing the article M, and a drying step S10b for drying the frozen article M. .
FIG. 7 shows a freeze-drying step S10 according to one embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the drying step S <b> 10 b, the article M is put in the drying container 46, the inside of the drying container 46 is decompressed and the article M is heated to add heat for sublimation, and the ice component inside the article Sublimate (ice crystals). The microwave resonator 14 is disposed inside the drying container 46, and in the detection step S12, a resonance electromagnetic field is formed by the microwave resonator 14, and the resonance electromagnetic field is applied to the article M being dried.

  According to this embodiment, by arranging the microwave resonator 14 inside the drying container 46, the change with time of the detected value clearly appears, so that the drying completion time can be accurately determined.

  In one embodiment, in the freezing step S10a, as shown in FIG. 7, the article M is stored in a freezer 48 capable of maintaining the inside at a freezing temperature and subjected to a freezing process.

FIG. 8 shows a freeze-drying apparatus 50 according to an embodiment, and includes a freezing unit 52 and a drying container 54. 8A shows a freezing unit 52 that freezes an article M to be freeze-dried, and FIG. 8B shows a drying container 54 in which the article M frozen by the freezing unit 52 is subjected to a drying process. .
The drying container 54 is a container whose inside can be sealed, and includes a heating unit 56 that applies heat for sublimation to the article M accommodated in the drying container 54, and a decompression unit 58 that decompresses the inside of the drying container 54. .
Furthermore, the freeze-drying device 50 includes the determination device 10 according to each of the embodiments described above that determines the internal drying state of the article M to be freeze-dried.

The article M is frozen in the freezing unit 52 and then dried in the drying container 54. Inside the drying container 54 decompressed by the decompression unit 58, heat for sublimation is applied to the article M from the heating unit 56, so that the ice component contained in the article M is sublimated without melting. Thereby, the article M is dried without impairing the quality.
In one embodiment, the heating unit 56 is an electric heater, or is configured by a heating plate, piping, or the like through which a heating medium flows.

According to the above configuration, since the determination device 10 is provided, the presence / absence of completion of drying inside the freeze-dried article M can be determined nondestructively. Therefore, it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and the time required for freeze-drying can be shortened. Moreover, since the completion point of drying can be accurately determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.
Furthermore, since microwaves are highly permeable to resins such as glass, paper, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., as shown in FIG. 2, the article can be inspected while placed in a container 34 made of these materials. Therefore, non-contact inspection can be performed on the article M.

In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the determination apparatus 10 includes a microwave resonator 14 that applies a resonant electromagnetic field to the article M. The microwave resonator 14 is disposed inside the drying container 54, and causes a resonance electromagnetic field to act on the article M inside the drying container 54.
According to this embodiment, since the resonance electromagnetic field can be applied to the article M by the microwave resonator 14 provided inside the drying container 54, a change with time in the detected value of the resonance frequency or the resonance voltage can be clearly captured. be able to. Thereby, it is possible to accurately determine the drying completion time point.

In one embodiment, the freezing part 52 is configured by a freezer including a housing 60 capable of forming a cooling space therein, and a conveyor 62 that conveys the article M inside the housing 60. The freezer includes a cooler unit 64 capable of cooling the air in the housing inside the housing 60. In the cooler unit 64, refrigerant or brine is circulated from a refrigerator (not shown). The air in the housing is circulated by the fan 66 and cooled by the cooler unit 64.
In one embodiment, the decompression unit 58 includes a decompression pump. By operating the decompression pump, the air inside the drying container 54 is discharged, and the inside of the drying container is decompressed.
In one embodiment, a table 59 is provided inside the drying container 54, the article M is placed on the upper surface of the table 59, and the microwave resonator 14 and the heating unit 56 are fixed to the back surface of the table 59.

  According to at least one embodiment, it is possible to determine non-destructively the drying completion point inside the article during lyophilization, so that it is not necessary to set an extra drying time, and the time required for lyophilization can be shortened. Moreover, since the dry state inside the article can be determined in real time during freeze-drying, defective products that have not been dried can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Determination apparatus 12 Microwave oscillator 14 Microwave resonator 16 Microwave detector 18 Judgment part 20 Memory (memory | storage part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 22 Calculation part 24 Display part 26 Cable 28 Circulator 30, 32 Attenuator 34 Container 40 Sealed container 42 Petri dish 44 Suction tube 46, 54 Drying container 48 Freezer 50 Freeze-drying device 52 Freezing part 56 Heating part 58 Decompression part 59 Unit 60 Housing 62 Conveyor 64 Cooler unit 66 Fan M Goods

Claims (9)

A method for determining the internal dry state of an article that is freeze-dried during freeze-drying,
A step of detecting a resonance frequency or a resonance voltage of the resonance electromagnetic field by causing a microwave resonance electromagnetic field formed using a microwave resonator to act on the article;
A determination step of determining a drying completion time point inside the article based on a change over time of the detection value obtained in the detection step;
A method for determining the internal state of a freeze-dried article, comprising: In the determination step,
2. The internal state determination of a freeze-dried article according to claim 1, wherein it is determined that a time point when a slope of a change with time of the detected value exceeds a preset threshold value is a time point when drying of the inside of the article is completed. Method. In the determination step,
3. The method for determining the internal state of a freeze-dried article according to claim 2, wherein the time when the detected value rises discontinuously is determined as the time when the drying of the inside of the article is completed. Freeze-drying the article,
A freezing step of cooling and freezing the article;
A drying step of placing the article in a drying container, depressurizing the inside of the drying container and heating the article to sublimate ice components inside the article;
Prepared,
In the detection step,
The method for determining an internal state of a freeze-dried article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resonance electromagnetic field is formed by the microwave resonator disposed inside the drying container.   The method for determining the internal state of a freeze-dried article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the article is a food or pharmaceutical solution. An apparatus for determining an internal dry state of an article to be freeze-dried,
A microwave oscillator that oscillates microwaves;
A microwave resonator that forms a resonant electromagnetic field of the microwave oscillated by the microwave oscillator;
A detector for detecting at least one of a resonance frequency or a resonance voltage formed in the resonance electromagnetic field;
Judgment that the drying of the interior of the article is completed when the slope of the change over time of the detected value detected by the detector when the resonant electromagnetic field is applied to the article exceeds a preset threshold value And
A device for determining the internal state of a freeze-dried article, comprising: The determination unit
A storage unit for storing the threshold value;
Comparing the change over time of the detection value detected by the detector and the threshold value, and when the slope of the change over time of the detection value exceeds the threshold value, a calculation unit that determines the completion of drying of the article,
The internal state determination device for a freeze-dried article according to claim 6. A freezing part for freezing the article;
A drying container in which the article frozen in the freezing section is stored;
A heating unit for applying heat for sublimation to the article contained in the drying container;
A decompression section for decompressing the inside of the drying container;
The internal state determination device for a freeze-dried article according to claim 6 or 7,
A freeze-drying apparatus comprising: The internal state determination device includes the microwave oscillator that causes the resonance electromagnetic field to act on the article,
9. The freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the microwave resonator is disposed inside the drying container and causes the resonance electromagnetic field to act on the article inside the drying container.

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