JP2018150975A - Fastened state monitoring kit and fastened state monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel fastened state monitoring kit capable of monitoring a fastened state of a screw, and a fastened state monitoring method using the fastened state monitoring kit.SOLUTION: On a screw N, fastened state monitoring kits (11, 12) including a cup 2 and a washer 3 are mounted. In fastening, a convex part 5 provided in the washer 3 or the cup 2 is stored in a concave part 4 provided in the cup 2 or the washer 3, so that a cup side mark 2M provided at the cup 2 and a washer side mark 3M provided at the washer 3 have a certain phase relationship.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fastening state monitoring kit capable of monitoring a fastening state of a screw, and a fastening state monitoring method using the fastening state monitoring kit.

  Screws such as bolts and nuts are used to construct buildings such as railway tracks, highways, high-rise buildings, radio towers, steel towers, wind turbines for wind power generation, etc., but if such screws loosen, they will collapse, collapse, or derail. May cause serious accidents.

  Therefore, for the screws fastened to this type of building, inspection work to check the fastening state regularly is indispensable, and it is necessary to retighten as soon as screws that have loosened due to such inspection work are found. There is.

  Recently, a means has been developed for monitoring changes in the tightening state of the screw by reading changes in the tightening axial force of the screw from response information from the RF tag (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

JP 2009-64111 A

  However, with the means disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, it is difficult to design the switch so that the switch is quickly switched by a slight loosening of the screw, and it is not always possible to accurately grasp the slight looseness generated in the screw. It could not be said.

  Therefore, at present, the actual situation is that the screw inspection work is carried out by human work such as hammering and visual inspection. In particular, it is more reliable to record the initial position of the fastening by drawing a line after fastening the screw, and to visually monitor the deviation of the line, rather than a hammering inspection that monitors the fastening state of the screw by the hearing of the worker. ing.

  The present invention has been completed in view of the technical problem, and provides a new fastening state monitoring kit capable of monitoring the fastening state of a screw and a fastening state monitoring method using the fastening state monitoring kit. The purpose is to do.

  A first fastening state monitoring kit of the present invention that solves the technical problem is a fastening state monitoring kit that is used by being attached to a screw having a male screw part or a female screw part, and is provided at the center of the bottom surface. A cup that is externally fitted from the seat surface to the side surface of the head of the screw in a state where the male screw portion or the female screw portion of the screw is exposed through the through hole, and an outer surface of the cup. A cup side mark is provided at a predetermined position of the washer, and a washer side mark is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer, and the screw on which the cup is externally fitted is inserted with the washer interposed. A recess is provided on the bottom surface of the cup so that the cup-side mark and the washer-side mark have a certain phase relationship when fastened to the fastening object, and is accommodated in the recess on one side of the washer. Protrusions that can be Becomes possible and wherein (hereinafter, referred to as "the present invention first kit".).

  A second fastening state monitoring kit of the present invention that solves the technical problem is a fastening state monitoring kit that is used by being attached to a screw having a male screw portion or a female screw portion, and is provided at the center of the bottom surface. A cup that is externally fitted from the seat surface to the side surface of the head of the screw in a state where the male screw portion or the female screw portion of the screw is exposed through the through hole, and an outer surface of the cup. A cup side mark is provided at a predetermined position of the washer, and a washer side mark is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer, and the screw on which the cup is externally fitted is inserted with the washer interposed. A recess is provided on one side of the washer so that the cup-side mark and the washer-side mark have a certain phase relationship when fastened to the object to be fastened, and is accommodated in the recess on the bottom of the cup. Protrusions that can be It becomes possible and wherein (hereinafter, referred to as "the present invention the second kit".).

  The fastening state monitoring method of the present invention for solving the technical problem is a fastening state monitoring method using the first kit of the present invention or the second kit of the present invention. After fastening a screw on which one kit or the second kit of the present invention is fastened, the fastening state of the screw is evaluated by monitoring a phase relationship between the cup side mark and the washer side mark. (Hereinafter referred to as “the method of the present invention”).

  In the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the phase relationship between the cup-side mark and the washer-side mark is monitored by computer analysis of an image obtained by photographing the screw.

  In the method of the present invention, it is preferable to perform an imaging angle correction process based on the distortion of the upper end surface of the cup during imaging during computer analysis.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to suitably monitor the fastening state of the screw.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the first kit of the present invention according to Embodiment 1 in a partially transparent state. FIG. 2 is a top view (a) showing the cup of the first kit of the present invention in a partially transparent state, a side view (b) showing in a partially sectional state, and a bottom view (c). FIG. 3 is a top view (a) and a side view (b) showing the washer of the first kit of the present invention. 4 (a) to 4 (c) are side views showing, in partial cross-section, a state in which a screw (bolt) mounted with the first kit of the present invention is fastened to a fastening object. FIG. 5 (a) is a top view showing a screw (bolt) to which the first kit of the present invention is attached in the initial stage of fastening, and FIG. 5 (b) is a top view showing a state where loosening occurs after fastening. is there. FIG. 6A is a side view showing a state in which a screw (bolt) mounted with the first kit of the present invention fastened to a fastening object is photographed, and FIG. FIG. FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams illustrating a state in which the imaging angle correction process is performed based on the distortion of the reference pattern during imaging. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the first kit of the present invention and a screw (nut). FIG. 7 shows a side view (a) showing a state in which a screw (nut) to which the first kit of the present invention is attached is fastened to a fastening object in a partially sectional state, and a top view (b) showing a partially transparent state. ). FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a second kit of the present invention according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 11 is a top view (a), a side view (b), and a bottom view (c) showing the cup of the second kit of the present invention in a partially transparent state. FIG. 12 is a top view showing the washer of the second kit of the present invention. FIGS. 13A to 13C are side views showing, in partial cross-section, a state in which a screw (bolt) mounted with the second kit of the present invention is fastened to a fastening object. FIG. 14 (a) is a top view showing a screw (bolt) to which the second kit of the present invention is attached at the initial stage of fastening, and FIG. 14 (b) is a top view showing a state where loosening occurs after fastening. is there.

Hereinafter, although an embodiment of the present invention is described based on a drawing, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
[Embodiment 1]
<Invention first kit 11>
FIG. 1 shows a first kit 11 of the present invention according to Embodiment 1. The first kit 11 of the present invention includes a cup 2 and a washer 3.

-Cup 2-
As shown in FIG. 2, the cup 2 in the present embodiment includes a cup body 21 having a hollow hexagonal column shape, and a disc-shaped bottom plate portion 22 provided at the bottom of the cup body 21. Thus, a through hole 23 is provided at the center of the bottom surface (bottom plate portion 22) of the cup 2.

  In the present invention, a cup side mark 2M is provided at a predetermined position on the outer surface of the cup 2. In the present embodiment, the cup-side mark 2M is provided by providing three linear markings radially from the side surface of the cup body 21 to the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 22 with a phase difference of 120 degrees.

  In the present invention, a recess 4 is provided on the bottom surface of the cup 2. In the present embodiment, the recesses 4 are provided by providing grooves (groove width (W), groove length (L), depth (T)) at three positions corresponding to the back surface of each cup side mark 2M. It was. In the present embodiment, the concave portion 4 has a fan-shaped shape (a shape obtained by removing the central portion side of the fan shape with a concentric arc) at the center of the bottom plate portion 22. Moreover, the said recessed part 4 is made into the taper shape where each side wall which pinches | interposes an opposing circular arc converges in the depth direction.

-Washer 3-
As shown in FIG. 3, the washer 3 in the present embodiment has an annular shape.
In the present invention, a washer side mark 3M is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer 3. In this embodiment, the washer-side mark 3M is provided by providing three dot-shaped inscriptions with a phase difference of 120 degrees at a position near the outer edge on the one surface side of the washer 3. The washer 3 has an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the bottom surface of the cup 2, and the washer side mark 3 </ b> M is provided at the overhang allowance protruding from the bottom surface of the cup 2.

  In the present invention, a convex portion 5 that can be accommodated in the concave portion 4 is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer 3. In the present embodiment, three fan-shaped notches (notch width (w)) are provided at a position adjacent to the washer side mark 3M with a phase difference of 120 degrees, leaving each notch. The convex portion 5 is provided by raising the washer 3 toward one surface side until reaching a predetermined height (t). The distance (x) from the center of the washer 3 to the convex portion 5 is the same as the distance (X) from the center of the cup 2 to each concave portion 4. In addition, the width (w) of the convex portion 5 is smaller than the width (W) of the concave portion 4. Furthermore, the height (t) of the convex part 5 is made smaller than the depth (T) of the concave part 4.

<Method of the present invention>
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention using the first kit 11 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In the method of the present invention, after fastening the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached to the fastening object S, the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is monitored. The fastening state of the screw N is evaluated.

-Fastening screw N-
In this embodiment, a case where the first kit 11 of the present invention is used by being attached to a screw (hexagon bolt) N having a male screw portion N1 will be described.

  In fastening the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached to the fastening object S, first, the cup 2 is externally fitted from the seat surface of the head N2 of the screw N to the side surface (that is, The head N2 of the screw N is fitted into the cup body 21 of the cup 2 from the seating surface side). At this time, the male screw portion N1 of the screw N is exposed through the through hole 23 by inserting the male screw portion N1 of the screw N into the through hole 23 provided in the bottom surface of the cup 2.

  Next, the washer 3 is fitted to the male threaded portion N1 of the screw N so that one surface thereof faces the bottom surface of the cup 2, and in this state, the male threaded portion N1 of the screw N exists in the fastening object S. Screwed into the female screw S1 (see FIG. 4A).

  Next, when the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached is tightened using a tool such as a spanner, the bottom surface of the cup 2 that is externally fitted to the screw N is close to the washer 3. (See FIG. 4B). Thereafter, the screw N and the washer 3 start to rotate from the stage where each convex portion 5 provided on the washer 3 is accommodated in each concave portion 4 provided on the bottom surface of the cup 2. Finally, when the screw N is fastened with a sufficient fastening force, each convex part 5 of the washer 3 becomes a side wall of the concave part 4 of the cup 2 (a side wall on the rear end side with respect to the rotational direction for fastening). ) (See FIG. 4C).

-Evaluation of fastening condition-
As described above, the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached is fastened in a state where the convex portion 5 provided on the washer 3 is accommodated in the concave portion 4 provided on the cup 2. When the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached is fastened, the cup side mark 2M provided on the cup 2 and the washer side provided on the washer 3 as shown in FIG. The mark 3M has a certain phase relationship. In the present embodiment, at the time of fastening, the positions of the marks (2M, 3M) are determined so that the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M have a phase difference of 0 degree.

  When loosening occurs after the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached is tightened, the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is as shown in FIG. 5 (b). The phase relationship is different from the initial phase relationship. Thereby, the fastening state of the screw N can be evaluated.

  In the present embodiment, the fastening state of the screw N is visually evaluated. However, in the method of the present invention, the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is monitored. It is preferable to perform the analysis by computer analysis of the image pickup P obtained by shooting the image. Hereinafter, the position aspect of the method of the present invention by computer analysis will be described.

-Shooting of imaging P-
Here, when the screw N fastened to the fastening object S is photographed by the camera C, it cannot be photographed from right above the first kit 11 of the present invention, and as shown in FIG. May be taken from. The screw N viewed from an oblique direction is copied to the image pickup P thus shot (see FIG. 6B).

-Computer analysis-
The computer in which the imaging P is captured as image data extracts the contour of the upper end surface of the cup 2 attached to the screw N from the image data (see FIG. 7A), and the upper end surface of the cup 2 that is distorted. Is corrected to a regular hexagon, image processing is performed in a state where the screw N on which the first kit 11 of the present invention is mounted is photographed from directly above.

  Finally, if the computer compares the phase difference of each mark (2M, 3M) in the initial stage of fastening with the phase difference of each mark (2M, 3M) after fastening based on the image-processed data, the screw The fastening state of N can be evaluated in detail.

  Thus, according to the method in which the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is monitored by computer analysis of the imaging P obtained by photographing the screw N, the fastening state visually observed by an operator is Compared with monitoring, a large amount of fastened states can be processed quickly and accurately.

  In the present embodiment, a hexagonal bolt is used as the screw N, but the head shape of the screw N is not particularly limited. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a nut having a female screw portion N3 attached to the head N2 may be used as the screw N. In this case, the fastening to the fastening object S is performed using another bolt B as shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the three linear markings are the cup side mark 2M, while the three dot markings are the washer side mark 3M. However, the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M The shape (pattern) is not particularly limited as long as each phase relationship can be visually evaluated when the first kit 11 of the present invention is fastened. The number of the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is not particularly limited, but each mark (2M, 3M) is within a range of 1 to plural (more preferably 2 to 6), It is preferable to align the number and arrangement (phase difference).

  In this embodiment, while providing the fan-shaped recessed part 4 in the bottom face of the said cup 2, the said washer 3 is provided with the convex part 5 which consists of a notch claw, However, The shape of the said recessed part 4 and the said convex part 5 is provided. Is not particularly limited. However, since the convex portion 5 needs to be “accommodated” in the concave portion 4 when the screw N to which the first kit 11 of the present invention is attached is fastened, the width (w) of the convex portion 5 is It is necessary to make it smaller than the width (W) of the concave portion 4 and make the height (t) of the convex portion 5 smaller than the depth (T) of the concave portion 4.

  Further, in order to prevent the screw N and the washer 3 from rotating when loosening occurs after fastening, the groove length (L) of the concave portion 4 is the substantial thickness of the convex portion 5. It is preferably 1.5 times or more (more preferably 2 to 5 times) of (l). The number of the concave portions 4 and the convex portions 5 is not particularly limited. However, the number of the concave portions 4 and the convex portions 5 are within a range of 1 to plural (more preferably 2 to 6), and the number and arrangement (phase difference) of each other are aligned. Is preferred.

  The first kit 11 of the present invention in this embodiment is configured so that the marks (2M, 3M) are arranged such that when the screw N is fastened, the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M have a phase difference of 0 degree. However, the phase difference between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M at the time of fastening is not particularly limited. In short, if the phase difference of each mark (2M, 3M) at the initial stage of fastening is grasped, loosening occurs when the phase difference of each mark (2M, 3M) after fastening becomes different. It can be judged.

[Embodiment 2]
<Invention second kit 12>
In FIG. 10, this invention 2 kit 12 which concerns on Embodiment 2 is shown. The second kit 12 of the present invention includes a cup 2 and a washer 3.

-Cup 2-
As shown in FIG. 11, the cup 2 in the present embodiment includes a cup body 21 having a hollow hexagonal column shape, and a disc-shaped bottom plate portion 22 provided at the bottom of the cup body 21. Thus, a through hole 23 is provided at the center of the bottom surface (bottom plate portion 22) of the cup 2. The cup 2 used in the present embodiment is the same as the cup 2 used in the first embodiment except that the bottom surface is provided with three convex portions 5 (phase difference 120 degrees) and there is no portion corresponding to the concave portion 4. It is the same.

-Washer 3-
As shown in FIG. 12, the washer 3 in the present embodiment has an annular shape. The washer 3 used in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment except that there are three concave portions 4 having a fan-shaped through hole (a phase difference of 120 degrees) and there is no portion corresponding to the convex portion 5. The same as the washer 3.

<Method of the present invention>
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention using the second kit 12 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. In the method of the present invention, after fastening the screw N to which the second kit 12 of the present invention is attached to the fastening object S, the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M is monitored. The fastening state of the screw N is evaluated.

-Fastening of the first kit 11 of the present invention-
When the screw N to which the second kit 12 of the present invention is attached is fastened to the fastening object S, the bottom surface of the cup 2 externally fitted to the screw N comes close to the washer 3 (FIG. 13 ( a) and (b)). Thereafter, the screw N and the washer 3 start to rotate from the stage in which the convex portions 5 provided on the bottom surface of the cup 2 are accommodated in the concave portions 4 provided on the washer 3. Finally, when the screw N is fastened with a sufficient fastening force, each convex portion 5 of the cup 2 comes into contact with the side wall of the concave portion 4 of the washer 3 (the side wall on the front side in the fastening rotation direction). It will be in a state (refer to Drawing 13 (c)).

-Evaluation of fastening condition-
That is, the screw N to which the second kit 12 of the present invention is attached is fastened in a state where the convex portion 5 provided in the cup 2 is accommodated in the concave portion 4 provided in the washer 3. As shown, when the screw N with the second kit 12 of the present invention is fastened, the cup side mark 2M provided on the cup 2 and the washer side mark 3M provided on the washer 3 are in a constant phase. This is a relationship (see FIG. 14A).

  When loosening occurs after fastening the screw N to which the second kit 12 of the present invention is attached, the phase relationship between the cup side mark 2M and the washer side mark 3M becomes different from the initial phase relationship ( (Refer FIG.14 (b)). Thereby, the fastening state of the screw N can be visually evaluated.

  Since the remainder is the same as the matter described in the first embodiment, the description is omitted here to avoid repetition.

  The present invention can be implemented in various other forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof. Therefore, the above-mentioned embodiment is only a mere illustration in all points, and should not be interpreted limitedly. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims, and is not restricted by the text of the specification. Further, all modifications and changes belonging to the equivalent scope of the claims are within the scope of the present invention.

11 First kit of the present invention (fastening state monitoring kit)
12 Second kit of the present invention (fastening state monitoring kit)
2 Cup 2M Cup side mark 21 Cup body 22 Bottom plate part 23 Through hole 3 Washer 3M Washer side mark 4 Concave part 5 Convex part B Bolt C Camera N Screw N1 Male thread part N2 Head N3 Female thread part P Imaging S Fastening object S1 Female thread for fastening

Claims (5)

A fastening state monitoring kit used by being attached to a screw having a male screw part or a female screw part,
A cup that is externally fitted from the seat surface of the head of the screw to the side surface in a state where the male screw portion or the female screw portion of the screw is exposed through the through hole provided in the bottom center portion,
A washer,
Comprising
A cup side mark is provided at a predetermined position on the outer surface of the cup, and a washer side mark is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer,
In a state where the washer is interposed, when the screw on which the cup is fitted is fastened to an object to be fastened, the cup side mark and the washer side mark are in a certain phase relationship.
A fastening state monitoring kit, wherein a concave portion is provided on the bottom surface of the cup, and a convex portion that can be accommodated in the concave portion is provided on one surface side of the washer. A fastening state monitoring kit used by being attached to a screw having a male screw part or a female screw part,
A cup that is externally fitted from the seat surface of the head of the screw to the side surface in a state where the male screw portion or the female screw portion of the screw is exposed through the through hole provided in the bottom center portion,
A washer,
Comprising
A cup side mark is provided at a predetermined position on the outer surface of the cup, and a washer side mark is provided at a predetermined position on one side of the washer,
In a state where the washer is interposed, when the screw on which the cup is fitted is fastened to an object to be fastened, the cup side mark and the washer side mark are in a certain phase relationship.
A fastening state monitoring kit, wherein a concave portion is provided on one side of the washer, and a convex portion that can be received in the concave portion is provided on a bottom surface of the cup. A fastening state monitoring method using the fastening state monitoring kit according to claim 1 or 2,
After fastening the screw on which the fastening state monitoring kit is attached to the fastening object, the fastening state of the screw is evaluated by monitoring the phase relationship between the cup side mark and the washer side mark. A fastening state monitoring method as a feature. In the fastening state monitoring method according to claim 3,
A fastening state monitoring method in which the phase relationship between the cup side mark and the washer side mark is monitored by computer analysis of an image obtained by photographing the screw. In the fastening state monitoring method according to claim 4,
A fastening state monitoring method for performing imaging angle correction processing based on distortion of the upper end surface of the cup during imaging during computer analysis.

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