JP2018143894A - Imaging device and control method thereof, and computer program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for appropriately limiting a wireless communication when an imaging device enters into a wireless restricted area.SOLUTION: A medical imaging device (20) having wireless communication functions (34, 35) includes: recognition means (36) for recognizing an entry of the imaging device into a wireless restricted area; and control means (33) for restricting the wireless communication function when the recognition means recognizes the entry into the wireless restricted area. According to the present invention, a wireless restriction can be complied even without an operator's awareness, and thus reduce impact on other devices in a hospital.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus, a control method therefor, and a computer program, and more particularly to an imaging apparatus including a portable electronic cassette and a mobile radiation generator combined therewith.

  2. Description of the Related Art An apparatus that irradiates an object with radiation and detects the intensity distribution of the radiation transmitted through the object to obtain a radiation image is widely used in industrial nondestructive inspection and medical diagnosis. As a general technique for such photographing, a film / screen system and a CR system can be cited. In any of these, a photosensitive film or a phosphor plate that accumulates an image as a latent image is put in a storage case called a cassette standardized by Non-Patent Document 1 and used for photographing.

  On the other hand, with the recent progress of digital technology, a method of obtaining a high-quality radiographic image by converting a radiographic image into an electric signal, processing the electric signal, and reproducing it as a visible image on a CRT or the like has become widespread. Yes. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing a system using such a radiographic imaging apparatus. Reference numeral 103 denotes a radiographic image capturing apparatus incorporating the radiation detection sensor 104. When the subject 102 is irradiated with radiation emitted by the radiation generation device 101, the radiation transmitted through the subject is converted into visible light through the phosphor, and the photoelectric detection elements arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern of the radiation detection sensor 104 are used. It is detected as an electrical signal. A control unit 105 that controls read-out driving, image transfer, and the like is connected to the radiation image capturing apparatus 103, performs digital image processing on an image output from the radiation image capturing apparatus 103, and displays radiation of the subject on the monitor 106. Display an image.

  Conventionally, this type of imaging apparatus has been installed and used in a radiation room. However, in recent years, a thin and lightweight portable imaging apparatus (referred to as an electronic cassette) has been developed in order to enable imaging of a wide range of parts more quickly. As a result, there has been proposed an imaging system that is applicable not only to cassette imaging in a radiation room but also to the field of rounds (Patent Document 1 (page 2-3, FIG. 1)).

JP-A-11-99144

JIS Z 4905

  In recent years, the use of wireless communication has progressed as a communication means used in electronic cassettes, and has come to be widely used due to the advantage that data communication can be performed without a communication cable. However, compared to the conventional wired cable system, the reliability to maintain stable communication is relatively low, and the influence of radiated electromagnetic waves on medical devices, biomedical devices, etc. is also increased, so manage properly Is desirable.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides a technique for appropriately restricting wireless communication when an imaging apparatus enters a wireless restricted area.

In order to achieve the above object, a photographing apparatus according to the present invention comprises the following arrangement. That is,
A medical imaging device having a wireless communication function,
Recognizing means for recognizing that the photographing apparatus has entered the wireless restricted area;
Control means for restricting the wireless communication function in response to the recognition means recognizing entry into the wireless restricted area.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, when an imaging device enters a radio | wireless restricted area, the technique for restrict | limiting radio | wireless communication appropriately can be provided.

It is side surface sectional drawing of an imaging | photography part. It is a figure explaining the structure of a mobile imaging device. It is a figure explaining a gate. FIG. It is a flowchart explaining use of a mobile imaging device. It is a figure explaining the structure of a mobile imaging device. It is a figure explaining monitor display information. It is a figure explaining the structure of a mobile imaging device. It is a block diagram of a radiographic imaging system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

<< Embodiment 1 >>
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the following embodiment, a medical mobile imaging apparatus that images a subject using radiation is described as an example of the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be implemented by a radiographic imaging apparatus that captures another subject or an imaging apparatus that uses other radiation.

  FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an imaging unit in the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a mobile imaging device (mobile radiation imaging device). 3-5 is a figure for demonstrating use of a mobile imaging device.

(Shooting part)
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a radiation image detection panel, which includes a fluorescent plate 1a, a photoelectric conversion element 1b, and a substrate 1c. As the substrate 1c, a glass plate is often used because it has no chemical action with a semiconductor element, can withstand the temperature of a semiconductor process, and has dimensional stability. Photoelectric conversion elements 1b are formed on such a glass substrate 1c in a two-dimensional array by a semiconductor process. The fluorescent plate 1a is obtained by applying a phosphor of a metal compound to a resin plate, and is integrated with the substrate 1c by adhesion.

  The fluorescent plate 1a, the photoelectric conversion element 1b, and the substrate 1c are fixed and supported on a metal base 2 as the radiation image detection panel 1 to ensure mechanical strength. Reference numeral 3 denotes a circuit board on which an electronic component 3a for processing an electric signal converted by the photoelectric conversion element 1b is mounted. The circuit board 3 is connected to the photoelectric conversion element 1 b by a flexible circuit board 4 and is fixed to a protrusion 2 a provided on the back side of the base 2. The base 2 is fixed to the housing main body 5a via the support portion 2b, and is sealed with a radiation transmissive housing lid 5b to form the photographing unit 10 as an electronic cassette.

  The photographing unit 10 includes a battery 6 that supplies power to the circuit board 3 and the like, and a wireless communication unit 7 that is responsible for signal transmission such as image signals and control signals. The battery 6 is built in the photographing unit 10, and the photographing unit exterior 5 a has an electrical contact terminal 6 b for charging the battery 6.

(Mobile imaging device)
Such an imaging unit 10 is used as a mobile imaging device (mobile radiography device) 20 in combination with a mobile radiation generator for round trips. The configuration of the mobile imaging device 20 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The mobile photographing device 20 main body (hereinafter referred to as “main body”) 21 includes a plurality of wheels 23 and 24 on a bottom portion 22 and is arbitrarily movable. The main body 21 has detection means 25 that detects the rotation of the wheels 24 and has a function of detecting the movement state of the mobile photographing apparatus 20. The detection means 25 can be realized with a simple configuration such as a rotary encoder. On the other hand, a vertical column 26 is provided in front of the main body 21 so as to be rotatable around an axis, and an arm 27 that extends horizontally with respect to the column 26 and is supported so as to be movable in the vertical direction. Is provided. A radiation generator 28 including a radiation tube is attached to the tip of the arm 27. The radiation generating unit 28 can move in the horizontal direction along the arm 27 and can arbitrarily adjust the irradiation direction of the radiation.

  The main body 21 is provided with a storage unit 30 for storing the photographing unit 10. The main body 21 stores the photographing unit 10 during movement and is taken out from the storage unit 30 and used when used. Further, inside the main body 21, a control unit 32 that controls tube driving for radiation irradiation, control of the mobile imaging device 20, and imaging control with the imaging unit 10, and a battery 31 that supplies power necessary for various units. Have The control unit 32 includes a communication unit with the imaging unit, a unit for storing information such as an image, an input / output unit, an interface for linking the radiation generator and the imaging unit, a power output control unit, and a controller for controlling these units. Have. The operation of the control unit 32 is executed based on a computer program.

  The input / output unit 33 used for the user's operation of the mobile photographing device 20 includes a monitor for display output and a device for input, and is arranged on the upper part of the main body 21. As the input device, for example, a selection key button for switching the selection position on the monitor or a touch panel can be considered. On the display unit, an operation menu is displayed for selecting an imaging region and transitioning the imaging unit to a state in which imaging can be performed, and setting imaging conditions such as the tube voltage, tube current, and irradiation time of the generator, Shooting is performed in response to the user selecting an item on the input device. In addition, a series of operations are performed using the input device until processing such as trimming or rotation is performed on the captured image and the image is stored in the image recording unit built in the control unit 32. Means for managing ordered patient information, imaging conditions, and imaging history is provided, and is configured from a software module incorporated in the control unit 32. An operator can check a list of patient information and the like from the input / output unit 33. These pieces of information are operated by communicating with external terminals in the hospital via the external communication means 34 connected to the control unit 32.

  When photographing, a wireless communication means 35 that communicates exclusively with the wireless communication unit 7 built in the photographing unit 10 is used. Under the conditions set by the input / output unit 33, an imaging command is sent from the control unit 32, and an image captured in synchronization with the radiation tube of the radiation generating unit 28 is transmitted. The captured image is stored in a memory in the control unit 32 and finally transferred to an external terminal.

  Further, the main body 21 is provided with receiving means 36 for receiving information for recognizing wireless restrictions. Based on the information from the transmitting means provided outside, the wireless restriction is recognized and the communication by the communication means 34 and 35 is restricted. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the gate 40 provided on the wall of the facility is provided with a transmission means 41 for notifying the switching of the restricted radio area, and the signal is received by the reception means 36 when passing through the gate. Recognizes switching of radio restricted areas. Here, the wireless restricted area refers to an area where the wireless communication function of the mobile imaging device 20 should be restricted in order to suppress the influence of electromagnetic waves on medical devices, biological devices, and the like. Examples of such a wireless restricted area include an area where a measurement / inspection apparatus and medical equipment that can be affected by electromagnetic waves are installed and used in a medical facility such as a hospital or a laboratory, and the vicinity thereof. For example, in the hospital floor having the layout as shown in FIG. 4, a hatched area A1 in FIG. 4 is a space in which devices that are easily affected by radio communication are installed, and radio restrictions are imposed. It is a radio restricted area. On the other hand, hospital rooms of hospitalized patients are in the areas of A2 and A3, and here, wireless communication is required for round trip imaging. Therefore, gates 40 and 42 are arranged in the vicinity of the entrances of the areas A2 and A3, and a restricted area switching signal is transmitted. As described above, the mobile imaging device 20 recognizes the intrusion into the wireless restricted area in response to receiving a signal indicating the presence of the wireless restricted area from the transmission unit 41 which is an external device. As a result, radio communication can be restricted in accordance with reception of this signal. That is, the mobile imaging device 20 acquires information specifying the wireless restricted area, and restricts the wireless communication function according to the information.

(Processing procedure)
A workflow when using the mobile imaging device 20 as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Hereinafter, processing executed by the mobile imaging device 20 is executed based on the control of the control unit 32.

  As a preparation procedure, when a user connects an AC cable (not shown) for operating the mobile imaging device 20 to a commercial power source, the mobile imaging device 20 charges the main battery 31 with power in advance (S100). Order information from the RIS terminal in the hospital is uploaded to the control unit 32 of the mobile imaging apparatus 20 via an external communication means (not shown) (S101). The transferred information is displayed in a list at the input / output unit 33 (S102), and the engineer as the user confirms the information (S103), and plans a rough schedule for the round trip taking into account the priority and travel route ( S104). The displayed contents include patient information such as patient name, sex, hospital room number, imaging requirements such as imaging site and imaging posture. Then, the AC cable is removed in accordance with the completion of charging (S105). If the photographing unit 10 is not mounted on the main body 21, it is mounted (S106).

  When the preparation is completed, the user starts moving to a predetermined hospital room while pushing the mobile imaging device 20 in accordance with the scheduled schedule (S107). At this time, the counter value of the control flag Nf for recognizing the radio restriction is reset to zero. The mobile imaging device 20 monitors the passage through the gate during movement (S108). If the passage of the gate is detected (YES in S108), the process proceeds to S109. If the passage of the gate is not detected (NO in S108), the process proceeds to S110. In the present embodiment, when the receiving unit 36 receives the restricted area switching signal from the transmitting unit 41 of the gate 40 in response to the passage of the gate (YES in S108), the signal is transmitted to the control unit 32, and in the control unit 32, the counter 1 is added to the value Nf (S109). The counter value Nf is a binary flag. If 1 is added when Nf = 1, Nf = 0.

  Next, in S110, it is determined whether or not the counter value Nf is 1 (S110). When Nf = 1 (YES in S110), wireless communication is restricted (S111), and the process proceeds to S115. When Nf = 0 (NO in S110), the restriction on wireless communication is released (S112), and photographing (S113) is enabled.

  For example, let us consider a case where the mobile photographing apparatus 20 exits from the elevator entrance 45 on the floor of FIG. 4 using an elevator from a photographing base on another floor. When Nf = 0 when leaving the base, a restricted area switching signal is received by the time the floor of FIG. 4 is reached, the counter value Nf is set to 1, and the wireless limit Nf = 1 is set. Suppose we moved to the 4th floor. Since the passage area including the elevator hall is adjacent to the area A1 where the influence of radio is strong, the movement is still performed with the radio restriction maintained. In order to take a round trip in the ward A2, the gate 40 is arranged when moving further. When a restricted area switching signal is obtained from the gate 40, the counter value becomes Nf = 0, and the wireless restriction is released. As described above, since the restriction of the wireless communication function is released in response to the recognition of the exit from the wireless restricted area, wireless communication can be performed again thereafter. For example, it is possible to collectively transmit images taken in a state where wireless communication is restricted to the server device.

  As a method for restricting wireless communication, for example, in addition to disabling the wireless communication function, a time range in which the wireless communication function can perform communication, a communication interval, communication data amount, and communication power are within a certain range. It is conceivable to limit to The system designer can select an appropriate restriction technique according to the requirements for the wireless restricted area.

  After arriving and stopping in a predetermined room in this manner, the radiation generating unit 28 is adjusted with respect to a predetermined imaging posture, and then an imaging region on the display unit is selected, and imaging conditions such as the tube voltage and mAS value of the generator are selected. Set. When the conditions are met, shooting is performed (S113). When shooting is completed, the shooting unit 10 is returned to the storage unit 30, and the list is automatically updated to reflect that shooting has been completed as management information (S114). The imaging order is checked (S115), and if the order remains ("Remaining" in S115), it moves to the next hospital room and repeats a series of flows. When there is no shooting order (“No” in S115), the mobile imaging device 20 is returned to a predetermined standby base. When the mobile imaging device 20 arrives at the base (YES in S116), the imaging order processing result is simultaneously output to the RIS (S117), and the round imaging is terminated.

  As described above, the mobile imaging device 20 of the present embodiment limits the wireless communication function in response to recognizing that the imaging device has entered the wireless restricted area. For this reason, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, it is possible to appropriately restrict wireless communication without requiring a complicated operation such as a user confirming access to the wireless restricted area and invalidating the wireless communication function. . In this embodiment, the configuration example of the mobile radiation imaging apparatus has been described as an example of a medical imaging apparatus having a wireless communication function. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other types having a wireless communication function are available. Needless to say, it can be applied to other medical devices.

<< Embodiment 2 >>
In the first embodiment, the configuration example has been described in which the radio communication control area is recognized by receiving the restricted area switching signal from the transmission means provided in the gate. In the present embodiment, a configuration example will be described in which the current position is recognized based on the rotation detection result of the wheel 24 by the detection unit 25 and the intrusion into the wireless communication control area is determined. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a mobile imaging apparatus (mobile radiation imaging apparatus) according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Since many of the configurations according to the present embodiment are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  In FIG. 6, a movable photographing apparatus combined with such a photographing unit 10 is shown as 50. A current position recognizing means 51 for grasping the current position is provided inside the main body 21 of the mobile photographing device 50, and sequentially transmits information on the current location to the control unit 32. The current position recognizing means 51 includes information from a detecting means 25 for detecting the rotation of the wheel 24 as a moving means, a detecting means 52 for detecting the moving direction, and a detecting means 53 for detecting movement in the direction of gravity. And the relative position change and movement amount are calculated and the present location is recognized. As described above, the current position recognizing unit 51 determines the current location based on the detected movement amount of the mobile imaging device 50, and when it is determined that the current location belongs to the wireless restricted area, Recognize intrusions. As described above, in the present embodiment, the mobile imaging device 20 acquires information for specifying the wireless restricted area based on the movement amount of the mobile imaging device 50, and restricts the wireless communication function according to the information. Yes. Such information may be acquired based on a GPS signal, information from a network, or the like, as will be described later.

  On the other hand, as in the first embodiment, an input / output unit 33 including a monitor and an input device is provided on the upper portion of the main body 21. The input / output unit 33 can be used to set a wireless restricted area. The controller 32 stores in-hospital map information and has a function of displaying a map on the input / output monitor 60 as shown in FIG. The map is created for each floor, and can be confirmed by switching on the tab 61. In addition, it has a function of inputting and editing wireless control area information, and it is possible to shift to the input / edit mode according to the selection of the edit button 62. As shown in FIG. 7, the wireless restricted area can be defined by defining the wireless prohibited area A1 as a hatched portion (hatched). As described above, the map of the predetermined area is displayed on the monitor, the reception process for accepting the selection from the user on the map is performed, and the area selected by the user is set as the wireless restricted area, so that the user can perform a simple operation. A wireless restricted area can be set.

  In addition, the wireless restriction can also be defined in stages such as a level at which wireless communication is invalidated and a level at which the frequency of wireless communication is suppressed. In other words, the wireless restricted area is composed of partial areas each assigned a level that should restrict wireless communication, and the level for restricting the wireless communication function is controlled according to the level assigned to the partial area where the imaging device exists. Can be configured to. As a result, the wireless communication can be finely restricted according to the level at which the wireless communication should be restricted.

  Further, a marker 63 for displaying the current location is displayed on the monitor 60, and the positional relationship with the wireless restricted area can be confirmed on the monitor. Wireless restriction rules can be set in advance. For example, it is possible to manage such as restricting wireless communication when the radius approaches a wireless prohibited area, or stopping wireless communication when the wireless prohibited area is actually entered. By having such a function, it is possible to automatically manage wireless communication without the operator being aware of it, and to prevent troubles due to wireless communication.

  By setting the level to reduce the frequency of wireless communication as described above, the time delay for information update can be reduced by creating a rule that suppresses the communication frequency instead of invalidating the wireless communication. Flexibility in responding to urgent order additions can be improved.

<< Embodiment 3 >>
The third embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is a modification of the second embodiment. Portions common to the second embodiment are described with the same reference numerals. In the mobile radiation imaging apparatus according to the second embodiment, the current position recognition unit 51 is used as the positioning unit. This is an autonomous navigation system that detects the rotation of the wheel 24, calculates the relative position change by itself based on the information from the movement, and obtains the current position by each detecting means for detecting the movement in the moving direction and the gravitational direction. It was a type of positioning means. At present, positioning technology has advanced, and positioning means using a signal from a satellite and positioning means using a wireless network such as GPS are generally used, and the detection position accuracy is also improved. The mobile radiography apparatus of FIG. 8 in this embodiment is equipped with positioning means 71 using such radio waves.

  In the case of the above-mentioned autonomous navigation type positioning means, the relative position is calculated and integrated, so that a position error may gradually occur, and a detection capability with a very high accuracy is required. On the other hand, since the positioning means using radio waves detects the relative position from a known position each time, the accumulation of errors is small. Usually, the position can be accurately grasped by using a positioning means using this radio wave. However, if there is a radio restriction, the use is restricted, and the position detection accuracy is lowered. In that case, the current position recognition means 51 is used as an autonomous navigation type. The position can be corrected by using a positioning means using radio waves when the wireless restriction is released.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the positioning unit includes a measuring unit that measures a position using the received radio wave and an autonomous navigation type positioning unit, and the imaging apparatus is recognized as entering the wireless restricted area. While using it, only use autonomous navigation type positioning means. For this reason, it becomes possible to achieve both the restriction of wireless communication in the wireless restricted area and the accurate grasp of the current location.

  According to each of the embodiments described above, it is possible to observe the wireless restriction and suppress the influence on other devices in the hospital without the operator being aware of it. In addition, it cannot be overemphasized that the radiographic imaging apparatus of the above-mentioned embodiment can be variously deformed, without deviating from a claim.

<< Other Embodiments >>
The present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU, MPU, etc.) of the system or apparatus reads the program. It is a process to be executed.

10: imaging unit, 20: mobile imaging device, 21: main body, 22: bottom, 23, 24: wheels, 25: detection means, 26: support, 27: arm, 28: radiation generation unit, 30: storage unit, 31: battery, 32: control unit, 33: input / output unit, 34: means for external communication, 35: wireless communication means, 36: reception means

In order to achieve the above object, a photographing apparatus according to the present invention comprises the following arrangement. That is,
A medical imaging device having a wireless communication function,
Recognizing means for recognizing that the photographing apparatus has entered the wireless restricted area;
Control means for restricting the wireless communication function in response to the recognition means recognizing entry into a wireless restricted area ,
When the recognizing unit recognizes that the photographing apparatus has left the wireless restricted area, the control unit releases the restriction of the wireless communication function and collects images taken with the wireless communication function restricted. To send to an external device .

Claims (15)

A medical imaging device having a wireless communication function,
Recognizing means for recognizing that the photographing apparatus has entered the wireless restricted area;
An imaging apparatus comprising: a control unit that limits the wireless communication function in response to the recognition unit recognizing entry into a wireless restricted area.   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit invalidates the wireless communication function in a wireless restricted area.   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit limits a time zone in which the wireless communication function can perform communication in a wireless restricted area. The radio restricted area is composed of partial areas each assigned a level to restrict radio communication,
The control means controls a level for limiting the wireless communication function in accordance with a level assigned to the partial area recognized as an intrusion of the photographing apparatus. 4. The photographing apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 3.   The photographing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a setting unit that sets the wireless restricted area. Display means for displaying a map of a predetermined area;
Receiving means for receiving a selection from the user on the map displayed on the display means,
6. The photographing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the setting unit sets an area selected by a user on the map as the wireless restricted area.   The said recognition means recognizes the intrusion to a radio | wireless restricted area according to having received the signal which shows existence of a radio | wireless restricted area from the outside, The one of Claim 1 to 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Shooting device. It further comprises positioning means for positioning the current location of the imaging device,
The said recognition means recognizes the intrusion to a radio | wireless restricted area, when it determines with the said present location measured positioning belonging to the said radio | wireless restricted area, The any one of Claim 1 to 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Shooting device. As the positioning means, having a measuring means for measuring the position by the received radio wave, and an autonomous navigation type positioning means,
The imaging apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the positioning unit uses only an autonomous navigation type positioning unit while the imaging apparatus is recognized to have entered the wireless restricted area. Moving means for moving the imaging device;
Detecting means for detecting the amount of movement of the photographing apparatus by the moving means;
Determination means for determining a current location based on the amount of movement detected by the detection means;
The said recognition means recognizes the intrusion to a radio | wireless restricted area, when it determines with the determined present location belonging to the said radio | wireless restricted area, The any one of Claim 1 to 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Shooting device. The recognizing means further recognizes that the photographing apparatus has left the wireless restricted area,
11. The photographing according to claim 1, wherein the control unit releases the restriction of the wireless communication function in response to the recognition unit recognizing exit from the wireless restricted area. apparatus.   The photographing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the photographed image is transmitted to a predetermined server device using the wireless communication function. A medical imaging device having a wireless communication function,
Obtaining means for obtaining information identifying a wireless restricted area;
An imaging apparatus comprising: control means for restricting the wireless communication function in accordance with the information acquired by the acquisition means. A method for controlling a medical imaging apparatus having a wireless communication function,
A recognition step for recognizing that the photographing device has entered the wireless restricted area;
A control method for a photographing apparatus, wherein the control means includes a control step of restricting the wireless communication function in response to the recognition means recognizing entry into a wireless restricted area.   The computer program for functioning a computer as each means with which the imaging device of any one of Claim 1 to 13 is provided.

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