JP2018131359A - Expanding material for an underwater anti-washout concrete, anti-washout underwater concrete composition, and hardened article thereof - Google Patents
Expanding material for an underwater anti-washout concrete, anti-washout underwater concrete composition, and hardened article thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、水中不分離性コンクリートに用いる膨張材、膨張材を含む水中不分離性コンクリート組成物およびその硬化体に関する。 The present invention relates to an inflatable material used for underwater inseparable concrete, an underwater inseparable concrete composition containing the inflatable material, and a cured body thereof.
通常、海岸、海洋、港湾または河川に橋（橋脚）や防波堤等を建設する場合、土木建築工事において水中に直接コンクリートを打設することとなる。しかし、その際にセメント成分が水により洗い流されることで河川等の水質汚濁や、コンクリート構造物の強度低下を招くことがある。そのため施工には、増粘剤をコンクリートに混和した水中不分離性コンクリート組成物が用いられる（例えば特許文献１参照）。 Normally, when constructing bridges (piers), breakwaters, etc. on the coast, ocean, harbor or river, concrete is directly placed in the water during civil engineering construction. However, at that time, the cement component is washed away with water, which may cause water pollution of rivers and the like, and decrease in strength of the concrete structure. Therefore, an underwater inseparable concrete composition in which a thickener is mixed with concrete is used for construction (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
コンクリートは硬化後に気中環境下で乾燥による表面からの蒸発により、内部の水分が減少すると収縮が起こる。収縮による応力がコンクリートの引張強度よりも大きくなるとひび割れが発生する。鋼材が内在するコンクリート構造物にひび割れが発生することで、劣化因子が鋼材位置まで達し易くなり、鋼材が腐食し、構造物の耐久性が低下する。このため、コンクリートに膨張材等を混和することで予め膨張させ、収縮により発生するひび割れを低減することが広く行われている（例えば特許文献２参照）。 After hardening, the concrete shrinks when the moisture in the interior decreases due to evaporation from the surface by drying in the air. Cracks occur when the stress due to shrinkage is greater than the tensile strength of concrete. When cracks occur in the concrete structure in which the steel material is contained, the deterioration factor easily reaches the steel material position, the steel material is corroded, and the durability of the structure is lowered. For this reason, it is widely practiced to preliminarily expand the concrete by mixing an expansion material or the like and reduce cracks caused by contraction (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
水中不分離性コンクリートは、単位水量が多いため、得られる硬化体の乾燥時の収縮量が大きいという性質がある。このことから、橋脚等における干満帯等の乾燥収縮の影響が大きい箇所に水中不分離性コンクリートを適用することが困難である。そのため、このような構造物を施工する場合には、干満帯の手前まで水中不分離性コンクリートを打設し、その上からは乾燥による収縮を低減するような水中不分離性コンクリートとは異なるコンクリートを打設する必要があり、費用や手間が嵩むといった問題点があった。 Underwater non-separable concrete has a large amount of unit water, and therefore has a property that the resulting cured body has a large amount of shrinkage when dried. For this reason, it is difficult to apply underwater non-separable concrete to locations where the influence of drying shrinkage such as tidal zones on bridge piers is large. Therefore, when constructing such a structure, underwater inseparable concrete is cast before the tidal belt, and from above it is different from underwater inseparable concrete that reduces shrinkage due to drying. There is a problem in that it is necessary to place the device, which increases costs and labor.
上記課題を解決する一つの手段として、ブレーン比表面積の大きな膨張材を用いることによって、少ない増粘剤量でも水中不分離性を維持しつつ、かつ硬化後の乾燥収縮が低減された水中不分離性コンクリート組成物が提案されている（特許文献３）。 As one means for solving the above-mentioned problem, by using an expanding material having a large Blaine specific surface area, it is possible to maintain non-separability in water even with a small amount of thickener and to reduce drying shrinkage after curing. A basic concrete composition has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
しかしながら、水中不分離性コンクリートに膨張材を混和した場合、膨張量が安定して発現しない場合が認められる。これは、水中不分離性コンクリートは単位水量が多く、また水中不分離性混和材として増粘剤が添加されており、硬化速度も一般のコンクリートに比べかなり遅くなっていることが原因しているものと考えられる。 However, when an inflatable material is mixed with the underwater non-separable concrete, there are cases where the amount of expansion does not appear stably. This is because underwater inseparable concrete has a large amount of unit water, and a thickener is added as an underwater inseparable admixture, and the curing rate is considerably slower than general concrete. It is considered a thing.
膨張材の膨張性の発現は、膨張材中の膨張成分の粒度に関係している。膨張材の粒度が粗いことにより、硬化体がある程度強度を発現してから膨張材が反応しても膨張発現しない場合があり、かつ強度が発現してから膨張材が反応することで硬化体の組織が破壊され，強度低下の虞がある。一方、膨張材の粒度が細かいことにより、水中不分離性コンクリートが硬化していない段階で膨張材が反応して応力が伝わらず、膨張が発現しない場合がある。また、膨張材の粒度が細かくなることで、水中不分離性コンクリートの流動性が低下し、施工が困難になる場合もある。 The expression of the expansibility of the expansion material is related to the particle size of the expansion component in the expansion material. Due to the coarse particle size of the expanded material, the cured product may not exhibit expansion even if the expanded material reacts after the cured material has developed some strength, and the expanded material reacts after the strength is expressed. The tissue may be destroyed and the strength may be reduced. On the other hand, due to the fine particle size of the expandable material, the expandable material reacts at a stage where the underwater non-separable concrete is not cured and the stress is not transmitted, so that expansion may not be manifested. Moreover, the fluidity | liquidity of underwater non-separable concrete falls by the particle size of an expandable material becoming fine, and construction may become difficult.
従って、水中不分離性コンクリートにおいて適切な膨張量を発現し、良好な乾燥収縮性を確保するには、膨張材の粒度を水中不分離性コンクリートの特性に合せることが望ましい。 Therefore, in order to express an appropriate expansion amount in the underwater non-separable concrete and ensure good drying shrinkage, it is desirable to match the particle size of the expansion material with the characteristics of the underwater inseparable concrete.
本発明は、安定した膨張発現性を発現することによって良好な乾燥収縮性が得られ、かつ流動性を確保でき、施工性及び水中不分離性にも優れる水中不分離性コンクリート組成物を提供するものである。 The present invention provides an underwater non-separable concrete composition that exhibits good drying shrinkage by exhibiting stable expansion development, can secure fluidity, and is excellent in workability and underwater inseparability. Is.
本発明の一態様によれば、
水中不分離性コンクリートに用いる膨張材であって、膨張性焼成物を主体とし、
該膨張性焼成物中の５３〜１２５μｍの粒子の含有率が１５％以上であり、
また１２５μｍより粗い粒子の含有率が１０％以下であり、
かつ膨張性焼成物のブレーン比表面積が３５００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である
ことを特徴とする水中不分離性コンクリート用膨張材が提供される。
According to one aspect of the invention,
It is an expansion material used for underwater inseparable concrete, mainly composed of expansive fired products,
The content rate of particles of 53 to 125 μm in the expansive fired product is 15% or more,
The content of particles coarser than 125 μm is 10% or less,
In addition, an expandable material for non-separable concrete in water is provided, wherein the expandable fired product has a Blaine specific surface area of 3500 cm 2 / g or less.
また、本発明の一態様によれば、
上記膨張材と、セメントと、増粘剤とを含む水中不分離性コンクリート組成物が提供される。
According to one embodiment of the present invention,
An underwater inseparable concrete composition is provided that includes the expansion material, cement, and a thickener.
さらに、本発明の他の態様によれば、上記水中不分離性コンクリート組成物を硬化して得られる、水中不分離性コンクリート硬化体が提供される。 Furthermore, according to the other aspect of this invention, the underwater inseparable concrete hardening body obtained by hardening the said underwater inseparable concrete composition is provided.
本発明の膨張材を水中不分離性コンクリートに使用することにより、施工においては水中不分離性が高いことに加え、水中不分離性コンクリートの流動性が高く、膨張材を混和したコンクリートの拘束膨張が１５０〜２５０μｍと土木学会規準の収縮補償用コンクリートの拘束膨張率を満足するという優れた膨張性能を発現することにより、硬化後の乾燥収縮が低減された水中不分離性コンクリートを得ることが可能となる。 By using the expandable material of the present invention for underwater inseparable concrete, in addition to high underwater inseparability in construction, the underwater inseparable concrete has high fluidity, and constrained expansion of concrete mixed with inflatable material It is possible to obtain underwater non-separable concrete with reduced drying shrinkage after curing by exhibiting excellent expansion performance of 150 to 250 μm and satisfying the constraint expansion rate of concrete for shrinkage compensation of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard It becomes.
本発明の内容について、以下に詳細に説明する。
なお、本発明における％は、特に規定のない限り質量基準で示す。
The contents of the present invention will be described in detail below.
In the present invention, “%” is based on mass unless otherwise specified.
本発明の膨張材は、膨張性焼成物が５３〜１２５μｍの粒子の含有率が１５％以上であり、また１２５μｍより粗い粒子の含有率が１０％以下である。５３〜１２５μｍの粒子は、水中不分離性コンクリートにおいて、膨張発現性にもっとも効果的に寄与する粒度群である。その含有率が１５％未満であると混和した水中不分離性コンクリートの拘束膨張率が１５０μｍ未満になる虞がある。より好ましくは２０％以上、さらに好ましくは２２％以上である。上限は特に限定されないが、実製造上の経済的な観点から３５％以下が好ましい。より好ましくは３０％以下である。 In the expandable material of the present invention, the content of particles having an expansive fired product of 53 to 125 μm is 15% or more, and the content of particles coarser than 125 μm is 10% or less. The particles of 53 to 125 μm are a particle size group that most effectively contributes to expansion in the underwater non-separable concrete. If the content is less than 15%, the constrained expansion coefficient of the water-inseparable concrete mixed therein may be less than 150 μm. More preferably, it is 20% or more, and further preferably 22% or more. Although an upper limit is not specifically limited, 35% or less is preferable from an economical viewpoint on actual manufacture. More preferably, it is 30% or less.
１２５μｍより粗い粒子は、膨張発現が遅れて発現するとともに、その後も膨張が継続する傾向があるが、水中不分離性コンクリートにおいては、この傾向が顕著になる。このため１２５μｍより粗い粒子の含有率が１０％を超える場合、水中不分離性コンクリートにおいては、硬化後も膨張が発現しつづけることによって、いわゆる過膨張を起こして水中不分離性コンクリートの強度を低下させる虞がある。より好ましくは８％以下であり、さらに好ましくは６％以下である。 Particles coarser than 125 μm have a delayed onset of expansion and tend to continue to expand thereafter, but this tendency is significant in underwater non-separable concrete. For this reason, when the content of particles coarser than 125 μm exceeds 10%, underwater inseparable concrete continues to develop after curing, thereby causing over-expansion and reducing the strength of underwater inseparable concrete. There is a risk of causing it. More preferably, it is 8% or less, More preferably, it is 6% or less.
さらに、膨張性焼成物のブレーン比表面積は、３５００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である。ブレーン比表面積が３５００ｃｍ２／ｇよりも大きいと、水中不分離性コンクリートの流動性が低下する虞がある。また、膨張材の反応が早くなり、混和したコンクリートが固まる前に膨張材が反応することにより、混和した水中不分離性コンクリートの拘束膨張率が１５０μｍ未満になる虞がある。膨張性焼成物のブレーン比表面積は、３２００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下がより好ましく、３０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下がさらに好ましい。一方、ブレーン比表面積の下限としては、２０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましく、２３００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上がより好ましい。 Furthermore, the Blaine specific surface area of the expansive fired product is 3500 cm 2 / g or less. If the Blaine specific surface area is larger than 3500 cm 2 / g, the fluidity of the underwater non-separable concrete may be lowered. In addition, the reaction of the expansive material is accelerated, and the expansive material reacts before the mixed concrete is hardened, so that the restrained expansion coefficient of the mixed underwater non-separable concrete may be less than 150 μm. Blaine specific surface area of expandable baked product, more preferably not more than 3200 cm 2 / g, more preferably not more than 3000 cm 2 / g. On the other hand, the lower limit of the Blaine specific surface area, preferably at least 2000cm 2 / g, 2300cm 2 / g or more is more preferable.
膨張性焼成物の粒度は、各粒度範囲に応じた目開きの篩を用いた減圧吸引式乾式篩い分け装置（エアージェットシーブ）による篩い分け試験により求めることができる。例えば、５３〜１２５μｍの粒子であれば目開き５３μｍ及び１２５μｍを用い、１２５μｍの粒子であれば目開き１２５μｍを用い、エアージェットシーブによる篩い分け試験により、各篩を用いたときの残量率を求めることで膨張性焼成物粒度が算出される。ブレーン比表面積は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１（セメントの物理試験方法）に規定するブレーン空気透過装置を用いて、粉末を詰めたセルの中を通過する空気の早さを溶液ヘッドの変化時間で求め、標準試料と比較計算することで算出される。 The particle size of the expansive fired product can be determined by a sieving test using a vacuum suction type dry sieving device (air jet sieve) using a sieve having an opening corresponding to each particle size range. For example, if the particle size is 53 to 125 μm, the openings are 53 μm and 125 μm. If the particle size is 125 μm, the opening is 125 μm, and the remaining rate when each sieve is used is determined by a screening test using an air jet sieve. The particle size of the expansive fired product is calculated by obtaining it. The specific surface area of the brain is obtained by calculating the speed of the air passing through the cell filled with the powder by the time of change of the solution head using a brain air permeation device specified in JIS R 5201 (cement physical test method). Calculated by comparison with the sample.
本発明における膨張性焼成物は、炭酸カルシウム、消石灰、生石灰等のカルシウム質原料を含む焼成原料を焼成することにより得られる焼成物である。焼成原料には、カルシウム質原料以外に、シリカ質原料、アルミナ質原料、酸化鉄原料等を添加しても良い。焼成原料を焼成するときの焼成温度は１１００〜１５００℃とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは１２００〜１３５０℃とする。焼成温度が１１００℃より低いと焼結性が低く、遊離生石灰の結晶も充分に成長しないため良好な膨張性能が得られ難い。また、焼成温度が１５００℃を超えると、焼成消費量が増え、焼成コストが高まる上、過度に焼結性が高まり良好な膨張性能が得られ難い。また、焼成には、ロータリーキルンや電気炉等の温度調整可能な炉を用いることが好ましい。 The expansive calcined product in the present invention is a calcined product obtained by calcining a calcined raw material containing calcium-based raw materials such as calcium carbonate, slaked lime and quicklime. In addition to the calcium raw material, a siliceous raw material, an alumina raw material, an iron oxide raw material, or the like may be added to the firing raw material. The firing temperature when firing the firing raw material is preferably 1100 to 1500 ° C, more preferably 1200 to 1350 ° C. When the firing temperature is lower than 1100 ° C., the sinterability is low, and the crystals of free quick lime do not grow sufficiently, so that it is difficult to obtain good expansion performance. On the other hand, when the firing temperature exceeds 1500 ° C., the amount of firing is increased, the firing cost is increased, and the sinterability is excessively increased and it is difficult to obtain good expansion performance. For firing, it is preferable to use a temperature adjustable furnace such as a rotary kiln or an electric furnace.
この他にアウィン（３ＣａＯ・３Ａｌ２Ｏ３・ＣａＳＯ４）等のカルシウムサルホアルミネートを含む膨張性焼成物、遊離石灰とカルシウムサルホアルミネートの両方を含む膨張性焼成物も使用することができる。 In addition, an expansive calcined product containing calcium sulfoaluminate such as Awin (3CaO.3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 ) and an expansive calcined product containing both free lime and calcium sulfoaluminate can also be used.
膨張性焼成物を上記粒度とするには、粉砕後分級して調整する方法、分級しながら粉砕する方法等がある。特に好ましい具体例としては、粉砕により異なる粒度分布の粉末を２以上作製し、上記粒度になるような調合割合で混合する、分級による異なる粒度分布の粉末を２以上作製し上記粒度になるような調合割合で混合する方法等が挙げられる。粉砕、分級及び混合には乾式、即ち粉末のまま行うことが、乾燥工程を必要としないことから好ましい。粉砕、分級及び混合は、機械を用いることが好ましい。粉砕には、例えば、ロッドミル、ボールミル、竪型ローラーミル、ハンマーミル、ジョークラッシャー、ジェットミル等の各種粉砕機を用いることができる。また、分級には、例えば、超音波篩を含む振動篩、回転篩（トロンメル）、エアセパレータ、遠心分離機等の各種分級機を用いることができる。また、混合には、Ｖ型混合機や可傾式コンクリートミキサ等の重力式ミキサ、ヘンシェル式ミキサ、リボンミキサ、パン型コンクリートミキサ、ハグミル型ミキサ、ハンドミキサ等の各種混合機（ミキサ）を用いることができる。 In order to make the expansive fired product have the above particle size, there are a method of classifying and adjusting after pulverization, a method of pulverizing while classifying, and the like. As a particularly preferred specific example, two or more powders having different particle size distributions are prepared by pulverization and mixed at a mixing ratio so as to obtain the above particle sizes, and two or more powders having different particle size distributions by classification are prepared to obtain the above particle sizes. The method of mixing by a preparation ratio etc. is mentioned. The pulverization, classification and mixing are preferably carried out in a dry manner, that is, in the form of powder because a drying step is not required. It is preferable to use a machine for pulverization, classification and mixing. For pulverization, for example, various pulverizers such as a rod mill, a ball mill, a vertical roller mill, a hammer mill, a jaw crusher, and a jet mill can be used. For classification, for example, various classifiers such as a vibration sieve including an ultrasonic sieve, a rotary sieve (Trommel), an air separator, and a centrifugal separator can be used. For mixing, various mixers (mixers) such as a V-type mixer and a gravitational mixer such as a tiltable concrete mixer, a Henschel mixer, a ribbon mixer, a pan-type concrete mixer, a hug mill mixer, and a hand mixer are used. be able to.
本発明の膨張材は、膨張性焼成物と共に石膏を含有することが好ましい。石膏は膨張性能の調整作用を有する他、例えば５℃程度の低温下での強度発現性向上作用と長期的な乾燥収縮抑制作用を有する。石膏は、粉末にしたものを膨張性焼成物の粉砕物とミキサ等で混合される。石膏としては、無水石膏、半水石膏又は二水石膏の何れでも使用することができ、または二種以上を使用しても良い。この中では無水石膏が好ましく、ＩＩ型無水石膏がより好ましい。石膏のブレーン比表面積は、その含有効果を得る点から、３０００〜１５０００ｃｍ２／ｇとすることが好ましい。また、膨張材中の石膏含有率は、同じくその含有効果を得る点から、５〜５０％が好ましく、１０〜４５％がより好ましく、１５〜４０％がさらに好ましい。 The expandable material of the present invention preferably contains gypsum together with the expandable fired product. Gypsum has an effect of adjusting expansion performance, and also has an effect of improving strength development at a low temperature of about 5 ° C. and a long-term drying shrinkage suppressing effect. The gypsum is powdered and mixed with the pulverized product of the expansive fired product and a mixer. As the gypsum, any of anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, or dihydrate gypsum can be used, or two or more types may be used. Of these, anhydrous gypsum is preferred, and type II anhydrous gypsum is more preferred. It is preferable that the brane specific surface area of gypsum is 3000-15000 cm < 2 > / g from the point which acquires the containing effect. Moreover, 5-50% is preferable from the point which similarly obtains the content effect, and 10-45% is more preferable, and 15-40% is further more preferable from the point which acquires the content effect.
本発明の膨脹材には、上記以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、モルタルやコンクリートに一般に使用されている混和材料やセメントを添加することができる。この混和材料やセメントとしては、例えば、分散剤、防水材（剤）、顔料、撥水剤、発泡剤、起泡剤、消泡剤、遅延剤、硬化促進剤、収縮低減剤、水和熱抑制剤、保水剤、防錆剤、石粉、粘土鉱物粉末、スラグ粉末、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム、各種ポルトランドセメントやエコセメント等のセメント、フィラー等が挙げられ、これらの一種または二種以上を本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲で使用することができる。 In addition to the above, an admixture or cement generally used for mortar or concrete can be added to the expansion material of the present invention within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. Examples of such admixtures and cements include dispersants, waterproofing agents (agents), pigments, water repellents, foaming agents, foaming agents, antifoaming agents, retarders, curing accelerators, shrinkage reducing agents, heat of hydration Inhibitors, water retention agents, rust inhibitors, stone powder, clay mineral powder, slag powder, fly ash, silica fume, various portland cements and eco-cement cements, fillers, and the like. It can be used within a range that does not impede the effect of.
なお、本発明の膨張材としてのブレーン比表面積が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下が好ましい。ブレーン比表面積が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇよりも大きいと、混和した水中不分離性コンクリートの流動性が低下する虞がある。 In addition, it is preferable that the specific surface area of the brain as the expansion material of the present invention is 4000 cm 2 / g or less. If the Blaine specific surface area is larger than 4000 cm 2 / g, the fluidity of the mixed inseparable concrete in water may be lowered.
膨張材の配合量は、乾燥低減収縮効果および膨張過大に伴う圧縮強度低下の防止の点から、１０〜３０ｋｇ／ｍ３が好ましく、１５〜２５ｋｇ／ｍ３がより好ましい。 The amount of expansion material, from the viewpoint of prevention of drying reduces shrinkage effects and expansion excessively accompanied compressive strength reduction, preferably 10~30kg / m 3, 15~25kg / m 3 and more preferably.
本発明に使用するセメントは、水硬性セメントであればよく、例えば普通、早強、超早強、低熱及び中庸熱の各種ポルトランドセメント、エコセメント、並びにこれらのポルトランドセメント又はエコセメントに、フライアッシュ、高炉スラグ粉末、シリカフューム又は石灰石微粉末等を混合した各種混合セメント等が挙げられ、これらの一種又は二種以上を使用することができる。 The cement used in the present invention may be a hydraulic cement. For example, ordinary, early strength, very early strength, low heat and moderate heat Portland cement, eco cement, and portland cement or eco cement, fly ash is used. , Various mixed cements mixed with blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, limestone fine powder, and the like, and one or more of these can be used.
本発明に用いる増粘剤としては、通常コンクリートに使用されているものであれば特に制限されるものではないが、コンクリートに増粘性を付与し、水中に投入された場合における材料の分離抵抗性に優れたものが望まれる。そのような増粘剤として、例えば、セルロース系増粘剤、ガム系増粘剤およびアクリル系増粘剤等が挙げられる。増粘剤の配合量は、好ましくは単位量で、１．５〜４．０ｋｇ／ｍ３である。増粘剤の配合量を、１．５ｋｇ／ｍ３以上とすることで、コンクリートに水中不分離性を十分に付与することができ、４．０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下とすることで凝結を大幅に遅延することを防止することができる。より好ましくは、１．８〜３．８ｋｇ／ｍ３であり、さらに好ましくは２．０〜３．５ｋｇ／ｍ３である。 The thickening agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used in concrete, but it imparts thickening to the concrete, and the material separation resistance when thrown into water. It is desirable to have an excellent quality. Examples of such thickeners include cellulose thickeners, gum thickeners, and acrylic thickeners. The blending amount of the thickener is preferably 1.5 to 4.0 kg / m 3 as a unit amount. The amount of thickening agent, by a 1.5 kg / m 3 or more, it is possible to sufficiently impart water nondisjunction of concrete, greatly condense be 4.0 kg / m 3 or less Delays can be prevented. More preferably, it is 1.8-3.8 kg / m < 3 >, More preferably, it is 2.0-3.5 kg / m < 3 >.
本発明による水中不分離性コンクリートは、さらに分散剤が添加されていることが好ましい。本発明で用いる分散剤は、一般的にモルタルやコンクリートの製造に使用されるセメント用の分散剤である。そのような分散剤として、例えば、減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、高性能減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤および流動化剤等が挙げられる。具体的には、メラニンスルホン酸系分散剤、ポリカルボン酸系分散剤およびナフタレンスルホン酸系分散剤等の分散剤が挙げられる。これらの中では、特にポリカルボン酸系の分散剤が好ましい。 The underwater inseparable concrete according to the present invention preferably further contains a dispersant. The dispersant used in the present invention is a dispersant for cement that is generally used in the production of mortar and concrete. Examples of such a dispersant include a water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent, a high performance AE water reducing agent, and a fluidizing agent. Specific examples include dispersants such as melanin sulfonic acid dispersants, polycarboxylic acid dispersants, and naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersants. Of these, polycarboxylic acid-based dispersants are particularly preferable.
本発明に用いられる骨材は、特に制限されるものではなく、通常コンクリートの製造に使用される細骨材および粗骨材を何れも使用することができる。そのような細骨材および粗骨材として、例えば、川砂、海砂、山砂、砕砂、人工細骨材、スラグ細骨材、再生細骨材、珪砂、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石、人工粗骨材、スラグ粗骨材、再生粗骨材などが挙げられる。 The aggregate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of fine aggregates and coarse aggregates usually used for producing concrete can be used. Examples of such fine aggregate and coarse aggregate include, for example, river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, artificial fine aggregate, slag fine aggregate, recycled fine aggregate, quartz sand, river gravel, land gravel, crushed stone, artificial Coarse aggregate, slag coarse aggregate, recycled coarse aggregate and the like can be mentioned.
本発明による水中不分離性コンクリートは、本発明の効果を失わない範囲で、例えばモルタルやコンクリートに使用できる他の成分（混和剤（材））を含有するものであってもよい。このような成分として、具体的には、保水剤、防錆剤、空気連行剤、消泡剤、発泡剤、防水材、撥水剤、白華防止剤、凝結調整剤、硬化促進剤（材）、顔料、セメント用ポリマー、繊維、シリカフューム、スラグおよびフライアッシュ等が例示される。 The underwater inseparable concrete according to the present invention may contain other components (admixture (material)) that can be used for mortar and concrete, for example, within a range not losing the effects of the present invention. Specific examples of such components include water retention agents, rust preventives, air entraining agents, antifoaming agents, foaming agents, waterproofing agents, water repellents, whitening prevention agents, setting modifiers, curing accelerators (materials) ), Pigment, polymer for cement, fiber, silica fume, slag, fly ash and the like.
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明が実施例により限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited by an Example.
珪石、バン土貢岩、酸化鉄、無水石膏および工業用生石灰の混合物を１４００℃で、電気炉を用いて焼成した焼成物を粉砕し、遊離生石灰を５０％含有する膨張性焼成物を作成した。この膨張性焼成物に含まれる遊離生石灰以外の主な鉱物は、珪酸三石灰（３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２）、無水石膏（ＣａＳＯ４）である。作製した膨張性焼成物をボールミルで粉砕後、目開き５３μｍおよび１２５μｍの篩を用いて、減圧吸引式乾式篩い分け装置（エアージェットシーブ）による分級を行った。表１には得られた膨張性焼成物の粒子含有率およびブレーン比表面積を示す。これらの膨張性焼成物８０質量部とＩＩ型無水石膏（ブレーン比表面積７０００ｃｍ２／ｇ）２０質量部を混合し、試験に供する膨張材とした。 A fired product obtained by calcining a mixture of silica stone, van clay, iron oxide, anhydrous gypsum and industrial quicklime at 1400 ° C. using an electric furnace was pulverized to produce an expansive fired product containing 50% free quicklime. . Main minerals other than the free quick lime contained in the expansive calcined product are trilime silicate (3CaO · SiO 2 ) and anhydrous gypsum (CaSO 4 ). The produced expansive fired product was pulverized by a ball mill, and then classified by a vacuum suction type dry sieving device (air jet sieve) using a sieve having openings of 53 μm and 125 μm. Table 1 shows the particle content and the Blaine specific surface area of the obtained expandable fired product. 80 parts by mass of these expansible fired products and 20 parts by mass of type II anhydrous gypsum (Brain specific surface area of 7000 cm 2 / g) were mixed to obtain an expansive material to be used for the test.
次いで、本発明による水中不分離性コンクリート組成物の製造方法について説明する。まず、製造に用いた材料を表２に記す。 Subsequently, the manufacturing method of the underwater non-separable concrete composition by this invention is demonstrated. First, the materials used for production are shown in Table 2.
表２の材料を用い、環境温度２０℃にて、コンクリートミキサを用いて練り混ぜて水中不分離性コンクリート組成物を製造した。表３に製造したそれぞれの水中不分離性コンクリート組成物の配合を示す。なお、分散剤の配合量は、粉体量（Ｐ：セメント＋膨張材）の質量に対する％表示とした。また、ｓ／ａは全骨材の容積に対する細骨材の容積の占める割合を示す The materials in Table 2 were used and kneaded using a concrete mixer at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. to produce an underwater inseparable concrete composition. Table 3 shows the composition of each water-inseparable concrete composition produced. In addition, the compounding quantity of the dispersing agent was made into the% display with respect to the mass of powder amount (P: cement + expansion | swelling material). Further, s / a indicates the ratio of the fine aggregate volume to the total aggregate volume.
上記表３に記載した水中不分離性コンクリート組成物および硬化体について、各種特性を評価した。詳細を以下に説明する。 Various characteristics of the underwater inseparable concrete composition and the hardened body described in Table 3 were evaluated. Details will be described below.
＜スランプフロー試験＞
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１５０「コンクリートのスランプフロー試験方法」に準拠して行い、スランプコーンを引き抜き後、５分後にスランプフロー値を測定した。
＜圧縮強度試験＞
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１３２「コンクリートの強度試験用供試体の作り方」に準じて供試体を作製し、２４時間後に脱型後、材齢２８日まで水中養生を行った。得られた各供試体の圧縮強度は、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」に準拠して測定した。
＜拘束膨張率試験＞
ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０２「コンクリート用膨張材」のＡ法に準じて試験を行い、材齢７日および２８日における拘束膨張率を求めた。
<Slump flow test>
The test was conducted in accordance with JIS A 1150 “Concrete Slump Flow Test Method”, and the slump flow value was measured 5 minutes after the slump cone was pulled out.
<Compressive strength test>
A specimen was prepared according to JIS A 1132 “How to make a specimen for concrete strength test”, and after 24 hours, it was demolded and then cured under water until the age of 28 days. The compressive strength of each obtained specimen was measured according to JIS A 1108 “Method for testing compressive strength of concrete”.
<Constrained expansion coefficient test>
A test was conducted in accordance with Method A of JIS A 6202 “Expanding material for concrete”, and the restricted expansion rate at the age of 7 and 28 days was obtained.
上記試験で得られた結果を表４に示す。
１２５μｍより粗い粒子の膨張性焼成物の含有率が１０％を超える膨張材（膨張性焼成物Ｅ）を用いた比較例１では、７日における拘束膨張率が１５０〜２５０μｍの範囲内となったが、材齢２８日では過膨張となることが分かった。また、比較例１は、強度が低下することも分かった。５３〜１２５μｍの粒子の膨張性焼成物の含有率が１５％未満の膨張材（膨張性焼成物Ｆ）を用いた比較例２では、７日および２８日の拘束膨張率が１５０μｍ未満となることが分かった。膨張性焼成物のブレーン比表面積が３５００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上の膨張材（膨張性焼成物ＦおよびＧ）を用いた比較例２および３では、スランプフロー値が小さくなることが分かった。一方、本発明の膨張材（膨張性焼成物Ａ〜Ｄ）を用いた実施例１〜４では、良好な流動性および強度を確保でき、かつ、良好な拘束膨張率を得られることが分かった。
なお、土木学会で定められた規格であるＪＳＣＥ−Ｄ１０４−２０１３「コンクリート用水中不分離性混和剤品質規格（案）」に準拠して測定した水中不分離性コンクリート組成物を水中に投入した際の懸濁物質の量は、いずれの水準でも５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であり、良好な水中不分離性が得られていることを確認した。
Table 4 shows the results obtained in the above test.
In Comparative Example 1 using an expandable material (expandable calcined product E) in which the content of the expansive calcined product having particles coarser than 125 μm exceeds 10%, the restricted expansion rate on the 7th was within the range of 150 to 250 μm. However, it was found that the material was overexpanded at the age of 28 days. Moreover, it turned out that the intensity | strength falls in the comparative example 1. FIG. In Comparative Example 2 using an expandable material (expandable calcined product F) in which the content of the expansive calcined product of particles of 53 to 125 μm is less than 15%, the restricted expansion rate on the 7th and 28th days is less than 150 μm. I understood. It was found that the slump flow value was small in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 using the expandable material (expandable fired products F and G) having a Blaine specific surface area of 3500 cm 2 / g or more of the expandable fired product. On the other hand, it was found that in Examples 1 to 4 using the intumescent material (expandable baked products A to D) of the present invention, good fluidity and strength can be secured, and a good constrained expansion coefficient can be obtained. .
In addition, when an underwater inseparable concrete composition measured in accordance with JSCE-D104-2013 “Quality Standard for Underwater Inseparable Admixture for Concrete (Draft)”, which is a standard established by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, is put into water The amount of suspended solids was 50 mg / L or less at any level, and it was confirmed that good inseparability in water was obtained.
Claims (5)
該膨張性焼成物中の５３〜１２５μｍの粒子の含有率が１５％以上であり、
また１２５μｍより粗い粒子の含有率が１０％以下であり、
かつ膨張性焼成物のブレーン比表面積が３５００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である
ことを特徴とする水中不分離性コンクリート用膨張材。 It is an expansion material used for underwater inseparable concrete, mainly composed of expansive fired products,
The content rate of particles of 53 to 125 μm in the expansive fired product is 15% or more,
The content of particles coarser than 125 μm is 10% or less,
The expandable fired product has a Blaine specific surface area of 3500 cm 2 / g or less.
前記増粘剤の配合量が、単位量で１．５〜３．８ｋｇ／ｍ２である
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の水中不分離性コンクリート組成物。 The compounding amount of the expansion material is 10 to 30 kg / m 2 in unit quantity,
The underwater non-separable concrete composition according to claim 3, wherein the blending amount of the thickener is 1.5 to 3.8 kg / m 2 in a unit amount.
An underwater inseparable concrete cured body obtained by curing the underwater inseparable concrete composition according to claim 3 or 4.
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