JP2018109437A - Uncontrolled magnetic levitation method and uncontrolled magnetic levitation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method for floating a floating body having a member which is heavy in weight, and has magnetism without the necessity for active control, and an uncontrolled magnetic levitation device using the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method.SOLUTION: In an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method for floating a floating body 10, the floating body 10 is integrally constituted of a floating member 12, a resilient member 14 and a connection member 16, and has: hoisting means for arranging a hoisting member 22 having magnetism at which a magnetic force in a vertical upper direction generated at the floating member 12 is set to a value smaller than a force equivalent to the weight of the floating body 10 to a prescribed position by a magnetic mutual operation together with the floating member 12; and push-up means for selecting the resilient member 14 and a member on which an anti-magnetic action acts, and arranging a push-up member 24 in which an anti-magnetism magnetic force generated at the resilient member 14 is set to a value equivalent to an insufficient amount of the magnetic force in the vertical upper direction which becomes necessary for floating to a prescribed position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention provides a non-controlling magnetic levitation method that enables magnetic levitation without control by arranging and combining with a magnetized member such as a permanent magnet using diamagnetic magnetic force, and introducing it into a non-contact bearing or motor. And a magnetic levitation device.

  Conventionally, there is a magnetic sesame that enables magnetic levitation without control, but rotation is necessary for stable levitation. By rotating, the direction of the resultant magnetic force generated by the interaction between the magnetic field of the levitated body with the magnetized member and the magnetic field formed around the levitating body is centered on the rotation axis while rotating. It can change and maintain a horizontal balance.

  However, in a stationary state, the levitated body moves in the direction in which the magnetic force acts due to the unbalanced magnetic force generated by the interaction between the magnetic field of the levitated body and the magnetic field formed around the levitated body. It will be. For this reason, research for enabling magnetic levitation in a stationary state has been conducted and prior art has been disclosed.

  In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-163023), a magnetic field region limiting wall is attached to both vertical surfaces of the sandwiched magnetic pole body, and an intermediate magnetic pole body is sandwiched between the magnetic field region limited walls to have the same polarity on the inner pole surfaces of the magnetic pole body. The repulsive levitation basic mechanism with a sandwiching magnetic pole magnetic field structure is shown in which the intermediate magnetic pole body is placed between the abutting walls and placed between the abutting walls so that the intermediate magnetic pole body is placed in a repulsive levitation state.

  A levitation system designed around an attractive force that works between different poles requires a perfect balance between magnetic attractive force and suspended weight. In the absence of perfect information aggregated about lift and magnetic force, the levitated body is either lifted or lowered toward the magnet. Patent Document 1 is a levitation system generated by a magnetic repulsive force, but if the levitation system designed around the repulsive force acting between the magnetic poles cannot maintain a perfect balance as well, it is outside the levitation system. It will be ejected. Achieving perfect balance with magnetic forces seems easy, but in practice it is very difficult. In the field where the magnetic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is, the field where the potential energy is proportional to the reciprocal of the distance, the condition that the restoring force works from any direction cannot be satisfied, and all three-dimensional axial directions On the other hand, since it never becomes stable, it can be understood from the Arnshaw theorem that it is impossible to surface stably in the air.

  Another complicating factor is the need for lateral stability. In order to control these, it is known that it can be easily performed by active control that detects the state of the floating body by electric control and changes the magnetic field so that the position and posture of the floating body are stabilized. .

  Patent Document 2 (WO94 / 10746) and Patent Document 3 (US5396136) show a bearing composed of a shaft assembly suspended from a housing. A plurality of disks composed of concentric magnetic rings are arranged at intervals along the axis. A method and a levitation device are shown in which the disk is sandwiched between disks of diamagnetic material mounted inwardly protruding from the outer shell of the housing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-163023 WO94 / 10746 US5396136

  In the levitation methods of Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, there is a problem that the mechanism is levitated by the interaction of only the repulsion magnet and the diamagnetic material, and the weight of the levitable magnet is small.

  In addition, recently, the lifted member 122 is not lifted only by the interaction between the push-up diamagnetic member 124 and the magnetically levitated member 114, but the magnetically lifted member 122 is positioned vertically above the levitated member 114 as shown in FIG. A magnetic levitation device 110 has been developed that is disposed in a separated position and improves the lift by simultaneously utilizing the interaction between the lifting member 122 and the levitation member 114. In other words, the conventional magnetic levitation apparatus 110 is configured such that the levitation member 114 receives interaction from both the lifting member 122 and the push-up diamagnetic member 124. In this case, only the portion of the skirt where the magnetic lifting force is small in the magnetic field formed by the lifting member 122 can be used for levitation, and the weight of the levitation body that can be levitated is not so large even when compared with Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3. was there.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a floating body that has a horizontal stability and a heavy magnetic member without requiring active control. An object is to provide an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method for levitating and an uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus utilizing the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method.

  In order to solve the above problems, an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention is an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method in which a levitated body is levitated with respect to gravity, wherein the levitated body is magnetically levitated and a magnetic A repulsive member selected from either a member or a diamagnetic material, and a connecting member symmetric to a vertical axis passing through the floating member and the center of the repelling member, are formed integrally, and magnetically coupled to the floating member A lifting means for disposing a magnetically lifted member in which a vertically upward magnetic force generated in the floating member is set to a value less than a force corresponding to the weight of the floating body in proximity to the floating member. And a member that works diamagnetically with the repulsive member, and the diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member is set to a value corresponding to a shortage of the magnetic force in the vertical direction necessary for levitation. The raised push-up member Having a push-up means for disposing in close proximity to the timber downwards, and characterized.

  In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention, the levitation member is configured so that each levitation member has a magnetic interaction between a magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the levitation member and a magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the lifting member. Position where the attractive force acting on the magnetic pole and the repulsive force are arranged near the position where the resultant force on the vertical axis is maximum, and the horizontal resultant force of the attractive force and the repulsive force always works toward the vertical axis direction It is characterized by being arranged.

  The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention is characterized in that the lifting member is a member that spirally winds a conductive wire to form a tubular shape, and generates a magnetic field by flowing an electric current.

In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the levitation member is arranged such that both magnetic poles are arranged along the vertical direction, and the lifting means is substantially symmetrical and substantially equidistant around the vertical axis of the levitation member, The lifting member is arranged in a non-contact manner so that the same magnetic pole as the upper surface magnetic pole of the floating member faces the floating member side.
In this specification, “symmetric about the axis” means that the distance to the axis is equidistant on a plane orthogonal to the axis.

  In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the lifting means includes a horizontal auxiliary member, and the horizontal auxiliary member generates a horizontal diamagnetic magnetism generated in the repulsive member by a diamagnetic action with the repulsive member. The resultant force is always selected to be a value directed to the vertical axis, and is arranged close to the side of the repulsion member.

  The non-controlling magnetic levitation method of the present invention comprises a pressing means that disposes a pressing member having a magnetism different from that of the repelling member in proximity to the upper side of the repelling member, and the pressing member includes the lifting member and the repelling member. A resultant force of the vertically upward diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member by the diamagnetic action and the vertically downward diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member by the diamagnetic action with the repulsive member is always set. It is characterized in that it is selected to a value that goes to the flying position.

  An uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention includes the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  The uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention includes a rotating unit that causes the levitating body to float and rotate about a vertical axis of the connecting member by an interaction between a magnetic field and an electric current, and the rotating unit rotates on the connecting member. And a plurality of stators arranged symmetrically around the vertical axis of the connecting member.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the magnetic interaction between the members magnetized by the lifting means and the lifting means (hereinafter referred to as magnetic interaction) and the reaction between the magnetized member and the diamagnetic material. It is possible to float a floating body that has a magnetically levitating member and a repulsive member that repels the push-up means only by magnetic interaction, and does not require external feedback control of magnetic force Play. The magnetic member is, for example, a permanent magnet.

  Further, although it has been difficult to stabilize the floating position in the past, it has become easy to maintain the balance of the magnetic force in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the cooperative action of the lifting means and the lifting means.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the lifting means is selected so that the vertical magnetic force generated by the magnetic interaction with the levitation member is less than the force corresponding to the weight of the levitation body. The resultant force of each attractive force or repulsive force acting between the magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the levitation member and the magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the lifting member is maximized vertically upward on the vertical axis. Since the levitation member is disposed in the vicinity of the position, it is possible to create a small, lightweight, and heavy levitation device.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, when a permanent magnet is selected and used as the lifting means, it takes time to select a magnet in order to stabilize the levitation, but by using a so-called solenoid, Since the magnetic force can be changed only by changing the current, there is an effect that it is easy to stabilize the levitation.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the lifting means has the same magnetic pole as the upper surface magnetic pole of the levitation member facing the levitation member side, symmetrically and equally spaced around the vertical axis of the levitation member. By arrange | positioning non-contacting, it is easy to produce a uniform magnetic field around the said floating member, and the horizontal position stability of the said floating member can be acquired.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, the horizontal position stability of the repulsion member can be obtained by providing the horizontal auxiliary member.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method of the present invention, since the pressing member prevents the repulsive member from swinging in the vertical direction, the vertical position stability of the repelling member can be obtained.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention, the floating position can be stabilized even when the floating body is rotated in a floating state, so that a non-contact bearing can be realized.

  According to the uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus of the present invention, a non-contact motor bearing can be realized by the same rotation mechanism as that of a normal motor, and a long-life motor can be realized.

  Further, by incorporating it as a bearing or a motor in a device having a movable part, it is not necessary to perform a replacement work or the like that has been performed after a predetermined time due to conventional wear, and the life of the device can be extended.

It is the schematic diagram which showed the principle of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the modification of the lifting means of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the magnitude of magnetic force generated by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 in the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention in comparison with the levitation body 10. FIG. It is the figure which showed the relationship of the magnetic force produced by the magnetic interaction of the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22 of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the graph shown about the relationship of the magnetic force which acts on the floating body 10 by the interaction of the floating body 10 and the lifting means of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the structure of the horizontal auxiliary member 26 which implement | achieves the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the structure which implement | achieves the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic diagram which showed another example of the structure which implement | achieves the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the structure of the lifting member 22 which implement | achieves the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the non-control magnetic levitation apparatus using the non-control magnetic levitation method concerning the present invention. It is the figure which showed another example of the non-control magnetic levitation apparatus using the non-control magnetic levitation method which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic diagram which showed the principle of the conventional magnetic levitation method.

  An embodiment for carrying out an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method and a magnetic levitation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of an uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  The levitation body 10 is integrally formed by a levitation member 12, a repulsion member 14, and a connecting member 16 that is symmetrical to the vertical axis VA that penetrates the centers of the levitation member 12 and the repulsion member 14, and is thus uncontrolled according to the present invention. Ascend against gravity by magnetic levitation method.

  The levitation member 12 is, for example, a permanent magnet 60 and is disposed with both magnetic poles oriented in the vertical direction. In FIG. 1, the N pole is arranged vertically upward, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the S pole may be arranged vertically upward.

  The repulsive member 14 may be either a magnetic member or a diamagnetic material.

  Further, the floating member 12 and the repelling member 14 are arranged symmetrically around the connecting member 16. The said structure of the floating body 10 is a minimum structural unit, It is not necessarily limited to this. In FIG. 1, the floating member 12 is disposed upward and the repulsive member 14 is disposed downward. However, the floating member 12 may be disposed downward and the repulsive member 14 may be disposed upward.

  The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method for levitation of the levitation body 10 with respect to gravity is lifting as a lifting means that suspends the levitation body 10 by a magnetic force in the vertical direction generated in the levitation member 12 due to magnetic interaction with the levitation member 12. It is realized by a levitation assisting member 20 comprising a member 22 and a push-up member 24 as a push-up member for pushing up the floating body 10 by a diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member 14 due to a diamagnetic action between the repulsive member 14. .

  The lifting member 22 is disposed so as to generate a uniform magnetic field symmetrically around the vertical axis VA penetrating the floating member 12. Theoretically, the lifting members 22 having the same magnetic force are geometrically symmetrically arranged around the vertical axis VA. However, in reality, there are many cases where the lifting members 22 having the same magnetic force cannot be prepared. In order to generate a uniform magnetic field symmetrically around the axis VA, it may be necessary to finely adjust the position of the lifting member 22 to adjust the magnetic force. The lifting member 22 is arranged with the same magnetic pole (N pole in the case of FIG. 1) as the top magnetic pole of the flying member 12 facing the flying member 12 side. In FIG. 1, the magnetic poles are arranged so that both magnetic pole directions are horizontal. However, a magnetic lifting force capable of floating can be obtained by interaction with the floating body 10, and a uniform magnetic field can be generated symmetrically around the vertical axis VA. If possible, it may be inclined from the horizontal direction to have an angle.

  When the repulsion member 14 is a magnetic member, the push-up member 24 must be a diamagnetic material. When the repulsion member 14 is a diamagnetic material, the push-up member 24 is magnetic. It is necessary to be a member with a bearing. Here, the magnetic member is, for example, the permanent magnet 60. Examples of the diamagnetic material include pyrolytic graphite, and bismuth 62 that exhibits strong diamagnetism under an external magnetic field is preferable.

  FIG. 2 is a view showing a modification of the lifting means of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2A shows an example in which a ring-shaped permanent magnet 60 is disposed as the lifting member 22 around the vertical axis VA. The same N pole as the upper surface of the levitation member 12 is formed in the central direction and the S pole is oriented in the outer peripheral direction.
FIG. 2B is an example in which a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets 60 are arranged as lifting members 22 symmetrically about the vertical axis VA. Magnetic poles are oriented on both bottom surfaces of the cylinder, and the same N pole as the top surface of the levitation member 12 is oriented in the central direction, and the S pole is oriented in the radial direction symmetrically and equidistantly about the vertical axis VA. . This is a more preferred embodiment that can easily cope with individual differences in magnetic force between the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22. In the drawing, eight lifting members 22 are arranged on a predetermined circumference around the vertical axis VA. However, a magnetic lifting force capable of rising by interaction with the floating body 10 can be obtained, and symmetrical and uniform around the vertical axis VA. If the number of lifting members 22 can be changed, the number of lifting members 22 may be changed. The description in this embodiment will be made based on the embodiment shown in FIG. More specifically, the levitation member 12 employs a φ8 × 20 cylindrical neodymium magnet, and the repulsion member 14 has six φ10 × 10 cylindrical neodymium magnets around the vertical axis VA so that the opposite polarities are adjacent to each other. It shall be arranged in an axial symmetry.

  Further, in FIG. 1, in accordance with the structure of the floating body 10, the lifting member 22 is disposed in the vicinity of the upper floating member 12, and the push-up member 24 is disposed at a position adjacent to the lower side of the lower repulsive member 14. When the member 12 is disposed downward and the repulsion member 14 is disposed upward, the lifting member 22 is disposed in the vicinity of the lower floating member 12 and the push-up member 24 is disposed at a position adjacent to the lower side of the upper repulsion member 14. To do.

  When the repulsive member 14 is a magnetic member, a ring-shaped member can be used, but it corresponds to a bus bar of the member using a small cylindrical magnetic member. When the portions are adjacent to each other and formed in a rosary shape in a plan view, a magnetic field closer to the uniform can be obtained around the connecting member 16, so that implementation is easy. Also, if the polarities of adjacent magnetic members on the same plane are reversed, the diamagnetic magnetic force for levitation due to the interaction with the push-up member 24 is increased in the vicinity of the magnetic pole, and it is stable without being dense. It is already known that it can be obtained and works effectively on the surface.

  In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention, the magnetic force in the vertical upward direction generated by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 is set to a value less than the force corresponding to the weight of the levitation body 10. Floating force and resultant force of diamagnetic magnetic force generated by diamagnetic action of repulsive member 14 and push-up member 24 set to a value corresponding to the shortage of magnetic force necessary for levitation It is. Among these, the technique of levitating the repulsive member 14 by the push-up member 24 is known as a conventional levitating means. On the other hand, the present invention has a great feature in that the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 are disposed at a position separated from the repulsion member 14 in the vertical direction, and has means for improving levitation force and stability in the horizontal direction.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the magnitude of the magnetic force generated by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 in the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention compared to the upper part of the levitation body 10. is there.
In order to facilitate understanding, the lifting member 22 has an axial line extending through the bottom surface of the columnar shape, and the lifting member 22 has eight columnar permanent magnets 60 symmetrically about the vertical axis VA. Thus, only a pair of lifting members 22 arranged on the same horizontal plane with the magnetic poles facing each other at equal intervals with the floating member 12 interposed therebetween will be described.

  In FIG. 3A, a vertical line passing through the connecting member 16 is taken as a Z axis. A horizontal line connecting the centers of the pair of lifting members 22 is defined as an X axis. The position coordinates and the magnitude of the magnetic force are expressed with reference to the origin at the point where the Z axis and the X axis intersect.

  FIG. 3B is a graph showing the positional relationship of FIG. 3A, and the magnitudes of the magnetic forces acting in the vertical axis VA direction and the horizontal direction on the floating member 12 are superimposed. The Z axis is a positive position on the figure and is a vertical position coordinate. The left side of the figure is the positive direction, and the X axis is the horizontal position coordinate and the magnitude of the magnetic force. Black thick lines indicate the horizontal position coordinates of the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22. The fracture line indicates the magnitude of each resultant Z force of the vertical magnetic force acting on the center of the floating member 12 due to the magnetic interaction between the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22. The solid curve indicates the magnitude at each Z coordinate of the resultant force of the horizontal magnetic force acting at the center of the floating member 12.

  The magnetic force (Fsz) acting in the vertical direction on the floating member 12 works upward in a predetermined section near the origin. In particular, a positive maximum value is indicated at a position where the Z coordinate of the center of the floating member 12 is zero. Therefore, in this range, the magnetic force acts in the direction in which the levitating member 12 levitates. Otherwise, the magnetic force in the vertical direction works downward, that is, in the direction of falling.

  The magnetic force (Fsx) acting in the horizontal direction with respect to the levitating member 12 is a magnetic interaction with the lifting member 22 when the levitating member 12 moves in the X-axis direction around the position where the X coordinate becomes zero. Acts on the floating member 12. FIG. 3B shows a case where the center of the floating member 12 has moved to the positive side of the X coordinate. When the Z coordinate at the center of the floating member 12 is negative, the magnetic force acting on the floating member 12 acts in the negative direction of the X coordinate (right direction in FIG. 3B), and the Z coordinate at the center of the floating member 12 is In the positive case, the force acts in the positive direction of the X coordinate (left direction in FIG. 3B). On the other hand, when the center of the levitation member 12 moves to the negative side of the X coordinate, the magnetic force acting on the levitation member 12 is positive in the X coordinate when the Z coordinate is negative (the left direction in FIG. 3B). When the Z coordinate is positive, the force acts in the negative direction of the X coordinate (the right direction in FIG. 3B). Therefore, when the Z coordinate of the center of the floating member 12 is negative, a restoring force that tries to return toward the vertical axis (Z axis) VA direction works. On the other hand, when the Z coordinate of the center of the levitation member 12 is positive, a force to move away from the direction of the vertical axis (Z axis) VA acts and the levitation member 12 is ejected from the stable levitation system.

  The resultant force of the magnetic force generated in the levitation member 12 by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 is obtained as follows.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship of the magnetic force generated by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 in the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

FIG. 3A is enlarged to show the magnetic force generated by the magnetic interaction between the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22.
As in FIG. 3, for easy understanding, the lifting member 22 is provided with eight cylindrical permanent magnets 60 symmetrically about the vertical axis VA, with the axis passing through the cylindrical bottom surface disposed horizontally. Only a pair of lifting members 22 arranged on the same horizontal plane with the same magnetic poles facing each other at equal intervals across the floating member 12 will be described.

浮上部材１２全体に働く磁気力Ｆは、浮上部材１２の両磁極に働く磁気力Ｆ_ｍ１ｍ３、Ｆ_ｍ１ｍ４、Ｆ_ｍ１ｍ５、Ｆ_{ｍ１ｍ６、}Ｆ_ｍ２ｍ３、Ｆ_ｍ２ｍ４、Ｆ_ｍ２ｍ５及びＦ_ｍ２ｍ６の合力を求める式２によって算出される。

吊上げ部材２２を複数個備えた場合には、すべての吊上げ部材２２及び浮上部材１２の相互間に働く各々の磁気力を合計することになる。図３（ｂ）の破曲線は、浮上部材１２に働く磁気力ＦのＺ軸方向の成分（Ｆｓｚ）を表したものである。一方、実曲線は、磁気力ＦのＸ軸方向の成分（Ｆｓｘ）を表したものである。 Floating member 12, the magnetic charge m ₁ N pole is oriented upward in the vertical direction on the Z-axis, the S pole and a magnetic charge m ₂ is oriented vertically downward. On the other hand, the two lifting members 22 shown in the figure are arranged in a direction in which the north pole is oriented in the direction of the floating member 12 and the south pole is expanded in the positive and negative directions. The lifting member 22 located on the left side of FIG. 4 has a magnetic charge m ₃ on the N pole and the magnetic charge m ₄ on the S pole, and the lifting member 22 located on the right side of FIG. 4 has the magnetic charge m ₅ on the N pole. comprising a magnetic charge _{m 6} to the S pole. As shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic force that interacts with each magnetic pole acts in a repulsive direction (repulsive force) in the same pole and in a attracting direction (attractive force) in the opposite pole. The magnetic force acting on each magnetic pole is determined by Coulomb's law. For example, the magnetic force F _m1 exerted by the magnetic interaction between the north pole of the floating member 12 and the north pole of the lifting member 22 on the left side of FIG. 4 is proportional to the synergistic product of the magnetic charge m ₁ and the magnetic charge m _3. It is calculated by Equation 1 which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Here, the distance between the magnetic poles and r _13. Μ is the magnetic permeability.

The magnetic force F acting on the entire levitation member 12 is a formula 2 for _obtaining the resultant force of the magnetic forces F _m1m3 , F _m1m4 , F _m1m5 , F _m1m6, F _m2m3 , F _m2m4 , F _m2m5 and F _m2m6 acting on both magnetic poles of the levitation member 12. Is calculated by

When a plurality of lifting members 22 are provided, the magnetic forces acting between all the lifting members 22 and the floating members 12 are summed up. The broken line in FIG. 3B represents a component (Fsz) in the Z-axis direction of the magnetic force F acting on the floating member 12. On the other hand, the solid curve represents the component (Fsx) of the magnetic force F in the X-axis direction.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship of the magnetic force acting on the levitated body 10 due to the magnetic interaction between the levitated body 10 and the lifting member 22 in the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention. 3 is graphed in the vicinity of the floating position coordinates in the vertical direction (Z-axis) of the bottom surface of the floating member 12 and the lifting force generated by the magnetic interaction between the repulsive member 14 and the lifting member 24. (Fpz) was added to the component (Fsz) in the Z-axis direction of the magnetic force F acting on the floating member 12.

  The horizontal axis of the graph is the coordinates near the floating position in the vertical direction (Z axis) of the bottom surface of the floating member 12. The vertical axis of the graph represents the vertical magnetic force Fz and the horizontal magnetic force Fx in terms of weight. In the present embodiment, the total weight of the levitated body 10 is 103.52 g (Ffz). The levitation body 10 is lifted vertically upward by the magnetic force generated in the levitation member 12 by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 disposed on the levitation body 10 and the eight lifting members 22 disposed radially. . At that time, the magnetic lifting force (Fsz) for lifting the floating body 10 is adjusted so that the Z coordinate of the bottom surface of the floating member 12 is −10 mm and the weight converted value 102.55 g is the maximum value.

  Therefore, the insufficiency of floating at the floating position z2 is compensated by using the diamagnetic magnetic force generated between the repulsive member 14 and the push-up member 24 as the push-up force (Fpz). Is possible. In the present embodiment, the push-up force (Fpz) is adjusted so that the weight converted value 3.3 g is the maximum value.

  Further, when the floating body 10 is viewed from directly above, the floating body 10 needs to be stable in the radial direction of a circle drawn around the vertical axis VA that penetrates the center of the floating body 10 at the floating position z2. That is, in FIG. 3, it must be stable in the horizontal direction around the Z axis. As described above, since the magnetic force (Fsx) acting in the horizontal direction needs to have a restoring force to return toward the vertical axis (Z-axis) VA direction, in the situation of FIG. The magnetic force (Fsx) acting in the direction must be negative.

  As explained with reference to FIG. 3B, in order to always apply the magnetic force (Fsx) acting in the horizontal direction in the direction of the vertical axis VA of the connecting member 16, the Z coordinate of the center of the floating member 12 in the floating state is negative. Must be the case. Accordingly, the Z coordinate of the bottom surface of the floating member must be smaller than −10 mm. As a result, the vertical magnetic force generated in the floating member 12 due to the magnetic interaction between the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22 is further lower than the weight converted value 102.55 g which is the set maximum value. In this case, the levitated body 10 is stable in the horizontal direction at the assumed levitating position z2, but the magnetic force for levitating is further insufficient and becomes unstable in the vertical axis VA direction. The repulsion member 14 and the push-up member 24 are arranged so that a shortage of the magnetic force for ascending at the flying position z2 is determined by using a diamagnetic magnetic force generated between the repulsion member 14 and the push-up member 24 as a push-up force (Fpz). This is to compensate for the vertical instability.

  In this embodiment, when the dimension Zg of the gap between the repulsion member 14 and the push-up member 24 in FIG. 1 is 0.4 mm, the push-up force of the diamagnetic magnetic force generated between the repulsion member 14 and the push-up member 24 ( Fpz) is set to a weight converted value of 2 g. In order to maintain the gap Zg, the difference between the magnetic force generated in the levitation member 12 by the magnetic interaction between the levitation member 12 and the lifting member 22 and the weight of the levitation body 10 may be 2 g in terms of weight. In the case of the levitated body 10 used in this embodiment, when the Z coordinate of the bottom surface of the levitating member 12 is -11.4 mm from FIG. 5, the shortage of the magnetic force for levitating is 2 g in terms of weight. .

In the weight of the levitated body 10 shown in the present embodiment, when the bottom surface of the levitating member 12 is located at a position of z2 = −11.4 mm, the vertical levitation condition is satisfied, and the horizontal direction is satisfied. Satisfies the condition 4 of the restoring force to the ascent position, and ascends stably in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The value −10 in Expression 4 is a value that is changed as the shape of the floating member 12 changes, and is not a fixed value.

  The weight of the floating body 10 in the present embodiment is an example, and when the weight of the floating body 10 is changed, the magnetic force generated in the floating member 12 by the magnetic interaction between the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22. And it is necessary to select each member so that the pushing-up force of the diamagnetic magnetic force generated between the repulsion member 14 and the pushing-up member 24 satisfies the above conditions.

  FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of the configuration of the horizontal auxiliary member 26 for realizing the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  The configuration of the floating body 10 is the same as that in FIG. The example of a change of the structure of the levitation | floating assistance member 20 was shown. The eight magnetic members arranged radially as the lifting members 22 are arranged in the vicinity of the levitation member 12 in the same manner as in the previous embodiments. Further, a magnetic member is used for the repulsion member 14 and a diamagnetic material is used for the push-up member 24. A different part of the present embodiment is that a horizontal auxiliary member 26 made of diamagnetic material is disposed on the side of the repulsive member 14. When the force acts in a direction in which the center of the repulsive member 14 is separated from the vertical axis VA, the horizontal auxiliary member 26 generates a resultant force of a horizontal diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repelling member 14 due to a demagnetizing action with the repelling member 14. A value that is always directed toward the vertical axis VA is selected, and the center of the repulsion member 14 is pushed back onto the vertical axis VA to prevent the floating body 10 from swinging in the horizontal direction. FIG. 6 is an example, and the horizontal auxiliary member 26 and the push-up member 24 are shown as separate members. However, the horizontal auxiliary member 26 is formed integrally with the push-up member 24 so as to cover the side of the repulsive member 14 from below. It may be. In addition, when a diamagnetic material is used for the repulsive member 14, a magnetic member is used for the lateral auxiliary member 26 on the side. In that case, both the magnetic pole directions of the horizontal auxiliary member 26 may be horizontal, and either of the magnetic poles may be directed toward the repulsion member 14. By providing the horizontal auxiliary member 26, the horizontal position stability of the repulsive member 14 can be obtained. The magnetic member is, for example, the permanent magnet 60.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration for realizing the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  The configuration of the floating body 10 is the same as that in FIG. The example of a change of the structure of the levitation support member 20 was shown. The eight magnetic members arranged radially as the lifting members 22 are arranged in the vicinity of the levitation member 12 in the same manner as in the previous embodiments. Further, a magnetic member is used for the repulsion member 14 and a diamagnetic material is used for the push-up member 24. A different part of this embodiment is that a pressing member 46 made of a diamagnetic material is disposed above the repulsive member 14. The pressing member 46 has a vertically downward diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member 14 by a diamagnetic action with the repelling member 14 and a vertical generated in the repulsive member 14 by a diamagnetic action between the lifting member 24 and the repelling member 14. When the resultant force with the upward diamagnetic magnetic force is always set to a value toward the set floating position, and the repulsive member 14 moves vertically upward, the repulsive member 14 is lifted downward by the diamagnetic action. The force of pushing back to the position works to prevent the floating body 10 from swinging in the vertical direction. The diamagnetic magnetic force between the pressing member 46 and the repulsive member 14 and the push-up member and the repelling member 14 has only a force component in the direction of the vertical axis VA due to the symmetry around the connecting member 16 vertical axis VA. Horizontal force does not work. Here, the magnetic member is, for example, the permanent magnet 60.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another example of a configuration for realizing the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  A diamagnetic material was used for the repulsive member 14 of the floating body 10. Accordingly, the push-up member 24 disposed vertically below the repulsion member 14 is composed of a magnetic member. The magnetized member may be disposed with one magnetic pole of a uniform cylindrical permanent magnet 60 oriented vertically upward, or a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets 60 may be arranged corresponding to the bus. They may be arranged adjacent to each other so as to generate a uniform magnetic field around the vertical axis VA. In that case, it is necessary to form the presser member 46 disposed vertically above the repulsion member 14 with a magnetic member. The configuration is the same as that of the push-up member 24.

  In the present embodiment, a ring-shaped permanent magnet 60 is used for the lifting member 22. Both magnetic poles were used to generate a uniform magnetic field oriented in the thickness direction of the ring. In FIG. 8, the N pole is oriented on the top surface in the vertical direction and the S pole is oriented on the bottom surface, but it may be inverted. Further, both magnetic poles may be oriented in the radial direction of the ring. In that case, either the north pole or the south pole may face the central direction.

  The levitation member 12 may also have either the north pole or the south pole facing the vertical upper surface.

  The floating position described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 differs depending on the combination of the magnetic poles of the floating member 12 and the lifting member 22. Note that the flying position can be calculated by modifying Equation 1, Equation 2, Equation 3, and Equation 4.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the lifting member 22 that realizes the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention. As the lifting member, a solenoid was used in which a conducting wire was spirally wound to form a tubular shape, and a current was passed to generate a magnetic field.

  In the present embodiment, the lifting member 22 is configured by combining a plurality of permanent magnets 60 and a plurality of solenoids 64 on the same circumference around the vertical axis VA. The number and arrangement order of the permanent magnets 60 and the solenoids 64 are not limited, but are preferably arranged symmetrically around the vertical axis VA. Moreover, the structure only with the solenoid 64 may be sufficient. When the lifting member 22 is composed of only the permanent magnet 60, it is necessary to select the permanent magnet 60 in order to change the magnitude of the magnetic force and the balance between the lifting members 22, but the solenoid 64 is used. Thus, it is possible to easily change the magnitude and balance of the magnetic force by changing the amount of current flowing through the solenoid 64.

  FIG. 10 is a view showing an example of an uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus using the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention. FIG. 10 shows a specific example of an uncontrolled magnetic levitation device for levitating the levitated body 10 without being controlled by magnetism.

  In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus a30, the levitation body 10 is integrally formed of a levitation member 12, a repulsion member 14, and a connecting member 16 that is symmetric with respect to the vertical axis VA that passes through the centers of the levitation member 12 and the repulsion member 14. The The levitation member 12 employs a φ8 × 20 cylindrical neodymium magnet and is coupled to the upper end of the connecting member 16 with the N pole vertically upward and the S pole vertically downward. In the repulsive member 14, six φ10 × 10 cylindrical neodymium magnets are arranged symmetrically around the vertical axis VA so that opposite polarities are adjacent to each other in the vicinity of the lower end of the connecting member 16. The coupling member 16 must be made of a non-magnetic material because if it is even a little magnetic, an attractive force or a repulsive force is generated due to the magnetic interaction with the repulsive member 14 and the levitation becomes unstable. In this example, titanium was employed.

  The levitation support portion of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation device a <b> 30 includes a base 36, a support 34, a levitation support member 20, and a support member 32. A plurality of columns 34 are fixed to the base 36, and the support member 32 is fixed horizontally to the upper ends of the columns 34. As described above, the levitation assisting member 20 includes the lifting member 22 and the lifting member. The lifting member 22 is fixed at a predetermined position of the support member 32 and is disposed symmetrically around the vertical axis VA passing through the center of the connecting member 16 vertically above the base 36 by the support column 34. In the present embodiment, the base 36, the support 34, and the support member 32 are made of non-magnetic material, so that the base 36 and the support member 32 are made of acrylic resin, and the support 34 is made of aluminum. As the push-up member 24, a block of bismuth 62, which is a diamagnetic material, is used as an example.

  The above configuration uses the principle of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention as it is and adds a structure for fixing the levitation assisting member 20, but is not limited to this.

  FIG. 11 is a view showing another example of an uncontrolled magnetic levitation apparatus using the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention. Specifically, it is a magnetic levitation motor provided with the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention.

  The uncontrolled magnetic levitation device b40 has the basic configuration of the uncontrolled magnetic levitation device a30 shown in FIG. 10, and has a mechanism for rotating the levitation body 10. A Helmholtz coil in which a photosensor 47 and an air-core multilayer solenoid (200 windings per piece, copper wire diameter 0.6) as a stator 44 are opposed to a support 34 of a base 36 via a sensor base 49. Two sets were arranged. The connecting member 16 of the floating body 10 is provided with a dog 48 for detecting the rotational position of the floating body 10 by the photosensor 47 and a permanent magnet 60 as the rotor 42.

  In this embodiment, a block of bismuth 62, which is a diamagnetic material, is employed as the presser member 46 in order to minimize the vertical movement when the floating body 10 is rotated.

  The rotating operation is performed by detecting the rotational position of the floating body 10 with the photo sensor 47 and energizing the Helmholtz coil at such a timing that a rotational torque is always generated in the floating body 10 in one direction. By using two sets of Helmholtz coils as field coils, the lateral force acting on the levitated body 10 can be minimized and only rotational torque can be effectively generated to enable stable rotation. A present Example is one Embodiment of the motor provided with the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method based on this invention, The member or structure to be used is not limited to this.

  By using the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to the present invention, a bearing or motor that does not slide during rotation can be realized.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Levitation body 12 Levitation member 14 Repulsion member 16 Connection member 20 Levitation support member 22 Lifting member 24 Lifting member 26 Horizontal auxiliary member 30 Uncontrolled magnetic levitation device a
32 Support member 34 Post 36 Base 40 Uncontrolled magnetic levitation device b
42 Rotor 44 Stator 46 Presser member 47 Photosensor 48 Dog 49 Sensor base 60 Permanent magnet 62 Bismuth 64 Solenoid 100 Conventional magnetic levitation device 114 Levitation member 124 Push-up diamagnetic member 122 Lifting member

VA Vertical axis (Z axis)
z2 Ascent position

Claims (8)

In the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method that levitates the levitation body against gravity,
The levitating body is
A magnetically levitating member;
A repulsive member selected from either a magnetic member or a diamagnetic material;
A connecting member symmetrical to a vertical axis passing through the center of the floating member and the repulsive member;
In one piece,
Due to the magnetic interaction with the levitation member, a magnetic lifting member in which the vertical magnetic force generated in the levitation member is set to a value less than the force corresponding to the weight of the levitation body is applied to the levitation member. Lifting means arranged in close proximity;
The repulsive member and a member having a diamagnetic action are selected, and the diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member is set to a value corresponding to the shortage of the magnetic force in the vertical direction necessary for levitation. A push-up means for disposing the push-up member in proximity to the lower side of the repulsion member;
Having
An uncontrolled magnetic levitation method. The floating member is
The resultant force in the vertical axis direction of the attractive force and repulsive force acting on each magnetic pole of the levitation member by the magnetic interaction between the magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the levitation member and the magnetic charge of each magnetic pole of the lifting member Is arranged in the vicinity of the position where the
And,
Being arranged at a position where the resultant force of the attractive force and the repulsive force in the horizontal direction always works toward the vertical axis direction;
The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to claim 1. The lifting member is
A member that spirally winds a conductive wire to form a tubular shape and allows a current to flow to generate a magnetic field;
The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above-mentioned. The floating member is
Arranging both magnetic poles along the vertical direction,
The lifting means is
The lifting member is arranged in a non-contact manner so that the same magnetic pole as the upper surface magnetic pole of the floating member faces the floating member side at substantially equal intervals and substantially equidistantly around the vertical axis of the floating member.
The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The lifting means is
Horizontal auxiliary members,
With
The horizontal auxiliary member is
Due to the diamagnetic action with the repulsion member, the resultant force of the horizontal diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsion member is always selected to be a value toward the vertical axis, and is arranged close to the side of the repulsion member. ,
The uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: A presser means for disposing a presser member having magnetism different from that of the repulsive member in proximity to the upper side of the repulsive member;
With
The pressing member is
A vertically upward diamagnetic magnetic force generated in the repulsive member by the diamagnetic action of the push-up member and the repelling member, and a vertically downward diamagnetic force generated in the repulsive member by the diamagnetic action of the repulsive member. That the resultant force of the magnetic force is always set to a value that goes to the set floating position;
An uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: Comprising the uncontrolled magnetic levitation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
An uncontrolled magnetic levitation device. Rotating means for causing the levitating body to levitate and rotate about the vertical axis of the connecting member by the interaction between a magnetic field and an electric current;
Have
The rotating means is
A rotor is disposed on the connecting member;
A plurality of stators arranged symmetrically around a vertical axis of the connecting member, with the rotor as a center;
The uncontrolled magnetic levitation device according to claim 7.

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