JP2018105822A - Obstacle detection system and obstacle detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an obstacle detection system and an obstacle detection method capable of improving the accuracy when determining existence/absence of an obstacle.SOLUTION: The obstacle detection system includes: a transmission part 9 disposed on a moving body, which is configured to radiate a laser beam while changing the irradiation angle θn; a reception section 10 for receiving reflection of the laser beam to detect existence/absence of an obstacle; and a determination mechanism 13 configured to previously set a detection area S in an area in the vicinity of a reflect point Pn, where the laser beam is reflected when there is no obstacle, to determine existence/absence of an obstacle depending on the reflection reflected in the detection area S.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an obstacle detection system and an obstacle detection method that are installed in a moving body such as a vehicle traveling on a traveling surface and detect the presence or absence of an obstacle around the moving body. The present invention relates to an obstacle detection system and an obstacle detection method that can improve the accuracy when determining the obstacle.

  Various obstacle detection systems that are installed in a vehicle that automatically travels and detect surrounding obstacles have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The obstacle detection system described in Patent Literature 1 has a two-dimensional laser scanner that horizontally scans laser light toward the front of the vehicle. This system determines the presence or absence of an obstacle by detecting the reflected light when the irradiated laser light is reflected by the obstacle. That is, it is determined that there is an obstacle when the reflected light is obtained, and that there is no obstacle when the reflected light is not obtained.

  The system described in Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which it is determined that there is no obstacle and it is safe when reflected light is not obtained. For this reason, when the obstacle is a substance that hardly reflects the laser beam, such as an operator's clothes, the system cannot detect the obstacle. Despite the presence of workers in front of the vehicle, there was a problem that the system erroneously determined that there was no obstacle and it was safe. Even when a transmitting unit that emits laser light, a light receiving unit that receives reflected light, or the like cannot detect reflected light due to a failure, there is a problem that the system determines that there is no obstacle and is safe.

  Further, the system described in Patent Document 1 is configured to determine that there is an obstacle when reflected light is obtained. When this system is used outdoors, laser light may be reflected by rain or insects, for example. In this case, there is a problem that the system misidentifies that there is an obstacle based on the obtained reflected light. Although the rain and insects did not interfere with the driving of the vehicle, the system slowed or stopped the vehicle because there was an obstacle.

  The system described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is determined that there is no obstacle even though there is an obstacle, or that there is an obstacle even though there is no obstacle that prevents the vehicle from traveling. there were. That is, the accuracy in determining the presence or absence of an obstacle was not sufficient.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-187036

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an obstacle detection system and an obstacle detection method capable of improving the accuracy in determining the presence or absence of an obstacle.

In order to achieve the above object, an obstacle detection system of the present invention includes a transmitter that is installed on a moving body and that emits laser light while changing an irradiation angle, and a receiver that receives reflected light of the laser light. An obstacle detection system comprising: a detection area setting mechanism that presets a detection area in a peripheral area of a reflection point where the laser beam is reflected when there is no obstacle; and the reflection that is reflected inside the detection area And a determination mechanism for determining the presence or absence of an obstacle according to light.

  The obstacle detection method of the present invention irradiates a laser beam while changing the irradiation angle from a transmitter installed in a moving body, and receives the reflected light of the laser beam at a receiver to detect the presence of an obstacle. In the obstacle detection method, a detection mechanism is preset in a peripheral area around a reflection point where the laser beam is reflected when there is no obstacle, and a determination mechanism according to the reflected light reflected inside the detection area Determines the presence or absence of an obstacle.

  According to the obstacle detection system and the obstacle detection method of the present invention, the presence / absence of an obstacle is determined based on the reflected light from the inside of the detection region. If there is an obstacle, the reflected light from the detection region cannot be obtained, so that even if the obstacle is a substance that hardly reflects the laser beam, it can be detected that there is an obstacle. This is advantageous for improving the accuracy in determining the presence or absence of an obstacle.

  Further, according to the obstacle detection system of the present invention, the reflected light from the detection region cannot be obtained when the light emitting unit that emits laser light or the light receiving unit that receives the reflected light cannot detect the reflected light due to a failure. Therefore, it is determined that there is an obstacle. Since it is possible to take measures on the safety side, it is advantageous for improving safety.

It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the portal crane in which the obstruction detection system of this invention is installed in a perspective view. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the obstruction detection system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the reflective point in a running surface when there is no obstruction in planar view. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates a state when the obstruction detection system of FIG. 2 detects an obstruction. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the reflection point in a driving | running | working surface when there exists an obstruction by planar view. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the detection area | region of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the detection area | region of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the scanning direction of a laser beam. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the obstacle detection system of FIG. 1 by a side view. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the scanning direction of a laser beam. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the hanging tool with which an obstruction detection system is installed by side view.

  Hereinafter, an obstacle detection system and an obstacle detection method of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. In the drawing, the moving direction of the moving body is indicated by an arrow y, the traversing direction that intersects the moving direction y at a right angle is indicated by an arrow x, and the vertical direction is indicated by an arrow z.

  As illustrated in FIG. 1, a portal crane that is a moving body 2 on which the obstacle detection system of the present invention is installed includes a traveling device 3 that travels in a moving direction y, and a vertical direction z that is disposed above the traveling device 3. Four beam members 4 extending in the horizontal direction, two beam members 5 connecting the upper ends of the leg members 4 extending in the horizontal direction x and facing the horizontal direction x, and traversing along the beam members 5 A trolley 6 configured to be movable in the direction x and a hanging tool 7 suspended from the trolley 6 with a wire rope are provided. The portal crane constituting the mobile body 2 can handle containers while traveling on the traveling surface 8 in the moving direction y.

The obstacle detection system 1 includes a transmitter 9 that emits laser light toward the traveling surface 8 and a receiver 10 that receives reflected light reflected by the traveling surface 8. The receiver 10 is arranged in the vicinity of the transmitter 9. In this embodiment, a transmitting unit 9 and a receiving unit 10 (hereinafter may be collectively referred to as a transmitting unit 9 or the like) are respectively installed at positions below the four leg members 4 and in the vicinity of the traveling device 3. ing. The position where the transmission unit 9 and the like are installed is not limited to the above, and can be appropriately installed in another place such as the traveling device 3.

  The transmitter 9 is configured to scan the laser beam in a range from the front side to the back in the moving direction of the portal crane along the moving direction y in which the portal crane as the moving body 2 travels. In FIG. 1, the irradiation direction of the laser beam is indicated by a broken line for explanation.

  At this time, the transmitter 9 installed on the rear side in the moving direction y of the portal crane may be configured not to be irradiated with laser light.

  The moving body 2 on which the obstacle detection system 1 is installed is not limited to the portal crane. The obstacle detection system 1 can be installed on a moving body 2 that moves on a plane or space, and can be installed, for example, on a quay crane or a container chassis. Moreover, you may install the obstruction detection system 1 in the hanging tool 7 or the trolley 6 of a portal crane or a quay crane.

  As illustrated in FIG. 2, the obstacle detection system 1 includes a transmission unit 9 and a reception unit 10. The transmitter 9 is not limited to the configuration that irradiates laser light. The transmitter 9 may be configured to irradiate electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves, or may be configured to transmit sound waves. The receiving part 10 should just have the structure which can receive reflected waves, such as electromagnetic waves irradiated from the transmission part 9. FIG.

  The obstacle detection system 1 includes a comparison mechanism 11 that acquires data from the receiving unit 10, a detection area setting mechanism 12 that sends data to the comparison mechanism 11, and data from the comparison mechanism 11 to determine the presence or absence of an obstacle. And a threshold setting mechanism 14 for adjusting a threshold used by the determination mechanism 13, and a control mechanism 15 that controls the moving body 2 based on the determination result in the determination mechanism 13. The comparison mechanism 11, the threshold setting mechanism 14, and the control mechanism 15 are not essential requirements of the present invention.

  The obstacle detection system 1 first irradiates the traveling surface 8 with laser light from the transmitter 9. The transmitter 9 irradiates the laser beam in a radial (fan-shaped) manner a plurality of times in order by rotating the mirror or the like. The receiving unit 10 acquires the time tn from the irradiation of the laser light until the reflected light is received by the receiving unit 10 for each angle θn when the laser beam is irradiated from the transmitter 9. Here, the angle θn represents the inclination of the traveling direction of the laser beam with respect to the vertical direction z.

  The transmission unit 9 and the reception unit 10 measure the distance from the transmission unit 9 or the like to the traveling surface 8. The transmitting unit 9 and the receiving unit 10 can be configured by a two-dimensional laser scanner, for example. For example, a two-dimensional laser scanner having a resolution of the angle θn of 0.125 degrees to 1.000 degrees and a mirror rotation speed of 5 to 100 Hz can be used.

  The receiving unit 10 can use data in a range in which the angle θn is 0 degree or more and 90 degrees or less and does not include 90 degrees. The receiving unit 10 preferably uses data in which the angle θn is in the range of 0 ° to 60 °. As the range of the angle θn is increased, an obstacle at a position distant from the moving body 2 can be detected. Therefore, when the speed of the moving body 2 is high, it is desirable that the upper limit of the range of the angle θn be close to 90 degrees.

  For example, in the case of a two-dimensional laser scanner in which the angle θn is set in the range of 0 to 60 degrees, the resolution is 0.125 degrees, and the rotation speed is 5 Hz, the receiving unit 10 obtains 2400 measurement data per second. . That is, the receiving unit 10 obtains 2400 points of data that combines the angle θn and the time tn per second.

  The reflection points Pn where the laser light is reflected by the traveling surface 8 are arranged in a straight line along the scanning direction of the laser light. Hereinafter, this straight line may be referred to as a reference line 16. This reference line 16 is a virtual straight line formed on the running surface 8. It can be said that the reference line 16 is an aggregate of a plurality of reflection points Pn formed by reflecting the laser beam on the traveling surface 8. Since the reference line 16 is formed in a range where the laser beam is reflected by the traveling surface 8, the relative position with respect to the transmitter 9 is fixed. Therefore, the reference line 16 moves in the moving direction y as the moving body 2 such as a portal crane moves. In this embodiment, since the laser beam scans along the movement direction y, the reference line 16 is a straight line parallel to the movement direction y. The reference line 16 is a straight line along the traveling surface 8.

  In the detection area setting mechanism 12, the detection area S is set in advance. The detection area S is a quadrangular area formed on a plane composed of the moving direction y and the vertical direction z, and is set as a relative position with respect to the transmitting unit 9 and the like. In this embodiment, the detection area S is a direction along the moving direction y of the moving body 2 and a pair of long sides 17a and 17b set at the reflection point Pn, that is, above and below the reference line 16, and the pair. This is a rectangular region surrounded by a pair of short sides 18a and 18b that connect opposite ends of the long sides 17a and 17b and extend in the vertical direction z. The shape of the detection region S is not limited to the above, and can be set as appropriate. For example, it can be set to a shape including a polygon or a curve.

  In this embodiment, the lengths of the short sides 18a and 18b of the detection region S can be set within a range of ± 100 mm in the vertical direction z around the reference line 16, for example. In the case of a portal crane having a rubber tire, the rubber tire may expand and contract in the vertical direction z due to the load of the container. As the rubber tire expands and contracts, the transmitting portion 9 and the like move in the vertical direction z, and accordingly, the detection region S also moves in the vertical direction z. Even when the detection area S moves in the vertical direction z, the lengths of the short sides 18a and 18b are set in a range in which the reference line 16 is inside the detection area S.

  The lengths of the long sides 17a and 17b can be set in the range of several meters to several tens of meters in the horizontal direction. The lengths of the long sides 17a and 17b are set to be longer than or equal to the reference line 16. That is, the range of the detection region S is set so that the reference line 16 is always inside the detection region S.

  The relative position of the detection area S with the transmitter 9 is fixed. For this reason, the detection region S moves in the movement direction y in accordance with the movement of the movable body 2 such as a portal crane as with the reference line 16. In this embodiment, since the reference line 16 is parallel to the movement direction y, the detection region S is a plane parallel to the movement direction y.

  The comparison mechanism 11 has a configuration in which the reflection point Pn of the laser light emitted from the transmitter 9 is compared with the detection region S to determine whether the reflection point Pn is inside or outside the detection region S. For example, when the laser beam is irradiated at an angle θ1, two intersection points p1 and p1 ′ between the irradiation direction of the laser beam and the boundary line of the detection region S can be determined in advance. That is, the range of the two intersections pn and pn ′ with the detection region S is determined for each angle θn.

  Specifically, the intersections pn and pn ′ are set by a combination of the times Tn and Tn ′ from when the laser beam is irradiated from the transmitter 9 to when the reflected light is received by the receiver 10 and the irradiation angle θn of the laser beam. Has been.

If the distance from the receiving unit 10 to the reflection point P1 is between the distance from the receiving unit 10 to the intersection p1 and the distance to the intersection p1 ′, the comparison mechanism 11 has the reflection point P1 inside the detection region S. Is determined. The comparison mechanism 11 determines whether each of the plurality of reflection points Pn is inside or outside the detection area S based on the data of the detection area S from the detection area setting mechanism 12.

  Specifically, if the time tn from when the laser beam is irradiated until the reflected light is obtained is between the time Tn corresponding to the intersection pn and the time Tn ′ corresponding to the intersection pn ′, the time tn is from the inside of the detection region S. The comparison mechanism 11 determines that the light is reflected.

  The comparison mechanism 11 sends an ON signal to the determination mechanism 13 when the reflection point Pn is located inside the detection region S, and is turned off when the reflection point Pn is located outside the detection region S ( OFF) signal is sent to the determination mechanism 13. The signal sent by the comparison mechanism 11 is not limited to the above. A configuration may be adopted in which an off signal is sent to the determination mechanism 13 when the reflection point Pn is inside the detection region S, and an on signal is sent when the reflection point Pn is outside.

  The determination mechanism 13 determines the presence or absence of an obstacle according to the ratio of on and off signals sent from the comparison mechanism 11. For example, when the receiving unit 10 obtains 2400 measurement data per second, 2400 on / off signals are sent from the comparison mechanism 11 to the determination mechanism 13 per second.

  The determination mechanism 13 calculates a ratio of the number of ON signals to the total number of ON signals and OFF signals sent from the comparison mechanism 11 per unit time as a satisfaction rate. Further, the determination mechanism 13 stores a predetermined threshold value of the sufficiency rate. The threshold of the fullness rate can be set to 90%, for example.

  When there is no obstacle, the reflection point Pn is located along the reference line 16 and is located inside the detection region S, so 2400 ON signals are sent to the determination mechanism 13 per second. At this time, the sufficiency rate is 100%, which is 90% or more of the threshold value.

  Since all of the laser light emitted from the transmitter 9 is reflected by the traveling surface 8, it can be seen that no obstacle that blocks the laser light exists between the transmitter 9 and the traveling surface 8. The determination mechanism 13 determines that there is no obstacle and is safe when the sufficiency rate is equal to or greater than the threshold value. The determination mechanism 13 is not limited to the configuration in which the determination is performed every second, and the determination frequency can be set as appropriate, for example, the determination is performed every 0.2 seconds.

  At this time, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the obstacle detection system 1 is in a state where the entire reference line 16 has been confirmed. It can be said that the obstacle detection system 1 can see the traveling surface 8.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, when a worker is present in front of the moving body 2, part of the laser light emitted from the transmitter 9 is blocked by the worker and does not reach the traveling surface 8. When the laser beam is absorbed by the worker, reflected light cannot be obtained. Even if the laser beam is reflected by the worker, it is reflected from the outside of the detection region S. In any case, the number of reflected light obtained from the inside of the detection area S is reduced when there is an operator. When the reflection point Pn of the reflected light is outside the detection region S, an off signal is output from the comparison mechanism 11 to the determination mechanism 13.

  That is, since the reflection points P1 to P3 are inside the detection region S, for example, three ON signals are output to the determination mechanism 13, and the reflection points P4 to P6 are outside the detection region S, so that for example An off signal is output.

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the obstacle detection system 1 is in a state where only about half of the reference line 16 can be confirmed. The satisfaction rate is about 50%, which is smaller than the threshold value. In such a case, the obstacle detection system 1 determines that there is an obstacle on the reference line 16.

  When the obstacle detection system 1 includes the control mechanism 15, the traveling speed of the moving body 2 such as a portal crane is reduced or stopped based on the determination by the determination mechanism 13 that there is an obstacle. The control mechanism 15 may be configured to perform the control.

  Since the obstacle detection system 1 is not configured to directly detect an obstacle, it is determined that there is an obstacle even when the obstacle absorbs laser light or cannot obtain reflected light. it can. This is advantageous for improving the accuracy in determining the presence or absence of an obstacle.

  In the conventional obstacle detection system, the presence of an obstacle is detected by the reflected light from the obstacle. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the obstacle detection system, it is easy to obtain reflected light by increasing the laser beam output. It is necessary to improve the sensitivity of the receiving unit 10 so that even a small amount of reflected light can be detected. A great deal of effort was spent to find obstacles that were uncertain. As the sensitivity of the system is improved, the problem of detecting rain and insects that do not become obstacles as obstacles has been increasing. Furthermore, if the laser beam is not irradiated due to some failure or the reflected light cannot be detected, there is a problem that even if there is an obstacle, it cannot be detected and it is determined to be safe.

  The obstacle detection system 1 of the present invention is configured to detect that there is no obstacle. Specifically, it is a configuration for confirming at what rate a virtual straight line formed on the running surface 8, that is, the reference line 16, can be detected. As long as the reference line 16 can be detected, there is no need to increase the output of the laser beam or improve the sensitivity of the receiving unit 10 in order to improve the accuracy of the obstacle detection system 1. The obstacle detection system 1 is configured to determine the possibility that there is no obstacle. Depending on the sufficiency rate, there is a possibility that there is no obstacle and the safety seems to be high. Can be determined to be low.

  The obstacle detection system 1 is configured to determine the presence or absence of an obstacle according to reflected light reflected inside the detection area S. Therefore, when the reflected light cannot be received due to a failure of the transmitting unit 9 or the receiving unit 10 or the like, there is no erroneous determination that there is no obstacle. Therefore, the obstacle detection system 1 is a system that functions on the safe side. It is advantageous for improving the safety associated with the movement of the moving body 2.

  In the conventional obstacle detection system, in order to directly search for an obstacle whose existence is uncertain, the moving body is stopped as an obstacle even if there is a slight reaction. On the other hand, in the present invention, even when, for example, one laser beam is reflected outside the detection region S due to rain or insects, 2399 points out of 2400 points sent to the determination mechanism 13 are turned on, and the satisfaction rate Is 90% or more, so that it is possible to avoid problems such as the emergency stop of the moving body 2 such as a portal crane.

  When the obstacle detection system 1 includes the threshold setting mechanism 14, a crane operator or the like can appropriately adjust the threshold according to the weather or the like. In fine weather, the threshold can be set to 90%, for example. In heavy rain, the threshold can be set to 50%, for example. Even when a large number of laser beams are reflected outside the detection region S due to rain, the movable body 2 such as a portal crane can be run. Even in this case, when the worker is on the reference line 16, the sufficiency rate is further reduced to a low value such as 25%, so that the presence of the worker can be detected.

  Depending on the configuration in which the comparison mechanism 11 is installed, 1-bit data that is on or off is sent to the determination mechanism 13. Since the amount of data sent to the determination mechanism 13 is extremely small, it is advantageous for saving the amount of memory required for the determination mechanism 13 at the time of determination. When the mobile body 2 is constituted by a portal crane, for example, the determination mechanism 13 can be incorporated in a sequencer (PLC) that controls the operation of the portal crane. Since the sequencer must also handle control such as traveling and cargo handling of the portal crane, the smaller the amount of memory occupied by the determination mechanism 13, the better.

  Since the amount of memory occupied by the determination mechanism 13 can be suppressed, the number of laser beams emitted by the transmitter 9 per unit time can be increased, and the determination frequency by the determination mechanism 13 can be increased. Even if the transmitter 9 is configured by a two-dimensional laser scanner having a mirror rotation speed of 50 Hz, the determination mechanism 13 can perform the determination without increasing the occupation amount of the memory of the sequencer so much.

  If the comparison mechanism 11 is not provided, it is assumed that the determination mechanism 13 can process, for example, 2400 points of data per second. When the comparison mechanism 11 is provided, the determination mechanism 13 can process, for example, 24,000 points of data per second.

  Further, since the amount of data processed by the determination mechanism 13 is reduced due to the installation of the comparison mechanism 11, it is possible to reduce the time required when the determination mechanism 13 performs the determination. Even when the resolution of the two-dimensional laser scanner constituting the transmitting unit 9 is relatively high and the rotation speed is relatively fast, the determination by the determination mechanism 13 can be performed with almost no delay.

  Even if the moving body 2 has a high moving speed such as an automobile, safety can be appropriately determined without delay. This is advantageous for suppressing the occurrence of problems such as the emergency stop of the moving body 2 not being in time. Compared with the moving speed of the mobile body 2, the speed at which the determination mechanism 13 performs the determination can be made relatively high. Therefore, it is not necessary to take measures such as setting the threshold of the sufficiency rate higher than necessary to avoid the collision of the moving body 2 with an obstacle or the like.

  In the obstacle detection system 1 of the present invention, the comparison mechanism 11 is not an essential requirement. If the comparison mechanism 11 is not provided, the data obtained by the receiving unit 10 can be transmitted to the determination mechanism 13 as it is. In this case, data relating to the detection area S preset by the detection area setting mechanism 12 is sent to the determination mechanism 13. The determination mechanism 13 compares the data obtained from the receiving unit 10 with the data related to the detection region S to determine whether the reflected light is reflected from the inside of the detection region S.

  The determination mechanism 13 calculates the ratio of the number of reflected light from the inside of the detection region S with respect to the total number of laser beams emitted from the transmitter 9 as a sufficiency rate. The determination mechanism 13 determines that there is no obstacle when the satisfaction rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, and determines that there is an obstacle when the satisfaction rate is smaller than the threshold.

  In the obstacle detection system 1 of the present invention, the configuration for calculating the sufficiency rate in the determination mechanism 13 is not an essential requirement. In this case, the determination mechanism 13 determines that there is no obstacle when the number of reflected light from the inside of the detection region S is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value such as 2000 points per unit time, and is smaller than this threshold value. It may be configured to determine that there is an obstacle sometimes.

  In the obstacle detection system 1 of the present invention, the control mechanism 15 is not an essential requirement. When the mobile body 2 is a portal crane, the determination result by the determination mechanism 13 can be displayed on a display or the like and notified to the crane operator. Moreover, when it is determined that there is an obstacle, the crane operator may be alerted by an alarm sound or the like.

  When the control mechanism 15 is provided, in addition to contacting the crane operator, it is possible to perform control for automatically decelerating or stopping the portal crane. When the portal crane is traveling automatically, it may be configured to automatically control deceleration, stop, etc. by the control mechanism 15.

  Further, the control mechanism 15 may be configured to control the deceleration amount of the moving body 2 according to the value of the fullness rate. For example, the control mechanism 15 can perform control to increase the deceleration amount as the sufficiency rate decreases. The higher the fullness rate, the higher the safety, and the lower the fullness rate, the lower the safety. Therefore, when the safety is low, the moving speed of the moving body 2 is reduced. When the visibility is poor, such as heavy rain, the moving body 2 can travel while the moving speed of the moving body 2 decreases.

  As illustrated in FIG. 6, the detection area setting mechanism 12 may be configured to set a plurality of detection areas S. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, two detection areas S are set, that is, a detection area S <b> 1 set in front of the moving body 2 and a detection area S <b> 2 set in the back along the moving direction y of the moving body 2. . In this embodiment, both of the detection areas S1 and S2 are formed in a rectangular shape parallel to the movement direction y and the vertical direction z. The detection areas S1 and S2 are set at positions that do not overlap each other.

  It can be set as the structure which the control mechanism 15 performs different control for every two detection area | regions S1 and S2. The threshold of the fullness rate is set to 90%, for example, and the control mechanism 15 performs control to decelerate the moving body 2 when the fullness rate falls below the threshold in the back detection region S2, and the fullness rate is detected in the detection region S1 in the foreground When the value falls below the threshold, the control mechanism 15 can perform control to stop the moving body 2.

  Different threshold values can be set for each of the two detection areas S1 and S2. For example, the threshold value of the front detection area S1 can be set to 90%, and the threshold value of the back detection area S2 can be set to 70%. Control is performed to decelerate the moving body 2 when the fullness rate falls below the threshold value in the detection area S2 at the back, and control is performed to decelerate the mobile body 2 when the fullness rate falls below the threshold value in the detection area S1 in the foreground. be able to. Since the threshold value of the detection area S1 in the foreground is set higher than the threshold value of the detection area S2 in the back, the moving body 2 is more easily decelerated as it approaches the obstacle.

  Different control contents and different threshold values may be set for each of the two detection areas S1 and S2. For example, the control is performed to decelerate the moving body 2 when the fullness rate falls below 70% in the detection region S2 in the back, and the emergency stop is performed when the fullness rate falls below 90% in the detection region S1 in the foreground. Can be done.

  Moreover, it can be set as the structure which controls the upper limit of the moving speed of the mobile body 2 according to the value of the fullness rate in the back detection area | region S2. For example, the upper limit value of the moving speed can be made proportional to the value of the fullness rate. In this case, the lower the fullness rate, the smaller the upper limit value of the moving speed of the moving body 2, so that the moving body 2 can be decelerated as it approaches the obstacle.

  The number of detection areas S is not limited to the above. Three or more areas set at positions that do not overlap each other may be set as the detection area S. A plurality of areas set at positions where a part thereof overlaps may be set as the detection area S.

  Moreover, the threshold value of the fullness rate for each of the plurality of detection regions S and the control when the value falls below the threshold value can be set. Moreover, it is good also as a setting which performs the control which changes the moving speed and deceleration amount of the mobile body 2 in the state which is proportional or inversely proportional to a fullness rate without setting a threshold value.

  As illustrated in FIG. 7, the detection area setting mechanism 12 may set the trapezoidal detection area S. In this embodiment, as compared to the length of the short side 18a that is positioned in front of the moving body 2 and extends in the vertical direction z, the short side that is positioned farther from the moving body 2 and extends in the vertical direction z. The length of 18b is set long.

  When the portal crane is provided with rubber tires, the movable body 2 may undulate in the movement direction y due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity of the container that handles the cargo. The undulation of the moving body 2 means that the front side rises or falls compared to the rear side of the moving body 2. When the moving body 2 is raised and lowered, the inclination and the position of the transmitter 9 with respect to the traveling surface 8 change. Since the detection region S has a fixed relative position with respect to the transmission unit 9, its position changes with the inclination of the transmission unit 9.

  By setting the trapezoidal detection region S, it is possible to maintain a state in which the reference line 16 formed on the traveling surface 8 is inside the detection region S even if the moving body 2 is undulated. When the reference line 16 is located outside the detection region S, the obstacle detection system 1 determines that there is an obstacle even though there is no obstacle. Even when the moving body 2 is undulated, the accuracy in determining the presence or absence of an obstacle can be improved. In FIG. 7, for the sake of explanation, the range of the detection region S and the position of the transmitter 9 and the like when the undulation is not generated in the moving body 2 are indicated by a one-dot chain line.

  When the traveling surface 8 is entirely inclined, the moving body 2 is also inclined together with the traveling surface 8, so that the reference line 16 is positioned inside the detection region S even if the detection region S is rectangular. Become. In the case where the moving body 2 is a device that is difficult to undulate such as an automobile, the presence or absence of an obstacle can be accurately determined even if the detection area S is set to a rectangle.

  Here, when the unevenness in the vertical direction z of the traveling surface 8 is relatively large, even if the moving body 2 vibrates with movement by configuring the detection area S in a trapezoidal shape, the reference line 16 is located on the inner side of the detection area S. It becomes easy to maintain the state. Even if the detection area S is set to a rectangle, it is easy to maintain the state where the reference line 16 is inside the detection area S by setting the short sides 18a and 18b to be relatively long.

  On the other hand, when the running surface 8 has almost no unevenness, the short sides 18a and 18b of the detection region S can be set relatively short. If the lengths of the short sides 18a and 18b are set in the range of, for example, ± 30 mm in the vertical direction z around the reference line 16, the obstacle detection system 1 can detect an obstacle whose length in the vertical direction z is greater than 30 mm. . This is advantageous when it is necessary to detect relatively small obstacles.

  In this embodiment, the detection region S is set in an isosceles trapezoid in which the lengths of the pair of long sides 17a and 17b are equal, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when the front side of the moving body 2 is lowered but does not rise, the detection region S may be set to a trapezoid in which the upper long side 17a is longer than the lower long side 17b. it can.

  Similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the trapezoidal detection region S may be divided into a plurality of settings.

  As illustrated in FIG. 8, the direction in which laser light is scanned by the transmitter 9 is a direction along the moving direction y and can be set to be inclined in the transverse direction x. In this case, the reference line 16 is inclined at a predetermined angle α in the transverse direction x with respect to the moving direction y. In this embodiment, the reference line 16 is inclined inward from the left and right leg members 4 of the portal crane.

  With this configuration, even when a worker or the like is located at a position inside the pair of traveling devices 3 that face each other in the transverse direction x, the worker can be detected by the obstacle detection system 1. That is, the obstacle detection system 1 can detect an obstacle by expanding the range in the transverse direction x other than the direction parallel to the movement direction y.

When the portal crane that is the moving body 2 travels in the opposite direction, the laser beam is irradiated from the transmitter 9 or the like that is on the front side in the moving direction y, and the reference line 16 is on the front side in the traveling direction of the moving body 2. Is formed.

  As illustrated in FIG. 9, a single leg member 4 may include a plurality of transmission units 9 and reception units 10. With a configuration in which a plurality of transmitters 9 and receivers 10 are installed on one leg member 4, the range in which an obstacle can be detected can be expanded as appropriate.

  In this case, for example, the safety in the direction parallel to the moving direction y is detected by one transmission unit 9 or the like, and the safety in the direction inclined in the transverse direction x illustrated in FIG. 8 is detected by the other transmission unit 9 or the like. Can be configured. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, two sets of transmitting portions 9 and the like are installed on the leg member 4 with a space in the vertical direction z.

  As illustrated in FIG. 10, the reference line 16 can be set in a state parallel to the transverse direction x. Two reference lines 16 can be set at different positions in the moving direction y by installing two transmitters 9 or the like on each leg member 4. At this time, the detection region S is a quadrangular region formed on a plane composed of the transverse direction x and the vertical direction z. It is advantageous to extend the range in which an obstacle can be detected in the transverse direction x.

  The moving body 2 travels while confirming a plurality of reference lines 16. In this embodiment, the moving body 2 travels while confirming the four reference lines 16. When a part of the reference line 16 is interrupted and cannot be recognized, it is possible to control deceleration of the moving body 2 on the assumption that safety in front of the moving body 2 is lowered.

  As illustrated in FIG. 11, the obstacle detection system 1 can be applied to the suspension 7 of the portal crane or the quay crane. In this case, the transmitter 9 and the like are installed on the hanging tool 7. In a container yard where a portal crane or the like handles a container, a host system for accurately grasping the position and height of the container stored is arranged.

  Since the obstacle detection system 1 can grasp the situation where the containers are stacked based on the information of the host system, the detection area setting mechanism 12 sets the detection area S along the side surface and the top surface of the stacked containers. be able to. Inside the detection area S, a reference line 16 composed of the side surface and the top surface of the container is formed. In this embodiment, the laser beam can be scanned in a state where the inclination θn of the traveling direction of the laser beam with respect to the vertical direction z is in the range of 0 ° to 120 °.

  When a container that should not be originally placed is placed on the reference line 16, the value of the fullness rate becomes small. In this case, the moving speed of the hanger 7 can be reduced or stopped by the control mechanism 15 or the like. Even when the worker is on the reference line 16, the value of the fullness rate becomes small, so that the suspension tool 7 can be stopped.

  Similarly to the above, the obstacle detection system 1 may be applied to the trolley 6. In this case, the transmitter 9 and the like are installed on the lower surface of the trolley 6.

  The direction in which the reference line 16 is formed and the shape and number of the detection regions S in the above-described embodiment can be used in appropriate combination.

The obstacle detection system 1 is not limited to a portal crane, a quay crane, or the like, and is used when the shape of the reference line 16 that is an aggregate of reflection points Pn from which reflected light is obtained when there is no obstacle is known. be able to. For example, it can be installed in a chassis or an automobile that travels along the traveling surface 8. In addition, it can be installed on the suspension 7 that can know the shape of the reference line 16 by the host system. The adoption of the obstacle detection system 1 can improve the safety when the moving body 2 is automatically driven.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Obstacle detection system 2 Moving body 3 Traveling apparatus 4 Leg member 5 Beam member 6 Trolley 7 Hanging tool 8 Running surface 9 Transmitting part 10 Receiving part 11 Comparison mechanism 12 Detection area setting mechanism 13 Determination mechanism 14 Threshold setting mechanism 15 Control mechanism 16 Reference line 17a Long side (upper side)
17b Long side (bottom)
18a Short side (front)
18b Short side (back)
θn (laser light) angle Pn reflection point S detection area S1 detection area (front)
S2 detection area (back)
α (reference line) angle x transverse direction y movement direction z vertical direction

Claims (14)

In an obstacle detection system comprising a transmitter that is installed on a moving body and emits laser light while changing an irradiation angle, and a receiver that receives reflected light of the laser light,
A detection area setting mechanism that presets a detection area in a peripheral area of a reflection point where the laser beam is reflected when there is no obstacle;
An obstacle detection system comprising: a determination mechanism that determines the presence or absence of an obstacle according to the reflected light reflected inside the detection area.   The determination mechanism calculates a sufficiency ratio that is a ratio of the number of reflected lights reflected inside the detection area to the total number of the laser beams irradiated from the transmitter, and the sufficiency ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. The obstacle detection system according to claim 1, further comprising: determining that there is no obstacle and determining that there is an obstacle when the fullness rate is smaller than the threshold. When the reflection point that reflects the laser light is inside the detection area, an ON signal is sent to the determination mechanism, and when the reflection point that reflects the laser light is outside the detection area, an OFF signal is sent to the determination mechanism. With a comparison mechanism,
The determination mechanism calculates a sufficiency ratio that is a ratio of the number of ON signals to the total number of the ON signals and the OFF signals obtained from the comparison mechanism, and the sufficiency ratio is predetermined. The obstacle detection system according to claim 1, further comprising: determining that there is no obstacle when the threshold value is equal to or greater than a threshold value, and determining that there is an obstacle when the sufficiency rate is smaller than the threshold value.   The obstacle detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmitter includes a configuration that scans the laser light in a range from the front side to the back side of the moving body along a moving direction of the moving body.   When the detection area is a direction along the moving direction of the moving body and there is no obstacle, a pair of long sides set above and below a reflection point where the laser light is reflected, and the pair of long sides The obstacle detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the obstacle detection system is a quadrangular region that is bounded by a pair of short sides that extend in the vertical direction by connecting opposite ends of the long sides.   The obstacle detection system according to claim 5, wherein the detection region is a trapezoidal region in which the short side located farther away from the moving body is longer than the short side located closer to the moving body.   The obstacle detection system according to claim 1, wherein the detection area setting mechanism includes a configuration for setting a plurality of the detection areas. In the obstacle detection method of irradiating the laser beam while changing the irradiation angle from the transmitter installed in the moving body, and receiving the reflected light of the laser beam at the receiver to detect the presence or absence of the obstacle,
When there is no obstacle, a detection area is set in advance around the reflection point where the laser beam is reflected, and the determination mechanism determines whether there is an obstacle according to the reflected light reflected inside the detection area. An obstacle detection method characterized by:   The determination mechanism calculates a sufficiency ratio that is a ratio of the number of reflected lights reflected inside the detection area to the total number of the laser beams irradiated from the transmitter, and the sufficiency ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. The obstacle detection method according to claim 8, wherein it is determined that there is no obstacle, and it is determined that there is an obstacle when the fullness rate is smaller than the threshold value. A comparison mechanism is arranged between the receiving unit and the determination mechanism, and when the reflection point that reflects the laser light is inside the detection region, an ON signal is reflected, and the reflection point that reflects the laser light. When the signal is outside the detection area, an off signal is sent from the comparison mechanism to the determination mechanism,
The determination mechanism calculates a sufficiency ratio that is a ratio of the number of ON signals to the total number of the ON signals and the OFF signals obtained from the comparison mechanism, and the sufficiency ratio is predetermined. The obstacle detection method according to claim 8, wherein it is determined that there is no obstacle when the threshold is equal to or greater than the threshold, and it is determined that there is an obstacle when the fullness rate is smaller than the threshold.   The obstacle detection method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the transmitting unit scans the laser beam in a range from the front to the back of the moving body along a moving direction of the moving body.   When setting the detection area, a pair of long sides set above and below a reflection point where the laser beam is reflected when there is no obstacle in a direction along the moving direction of the moving body, The obstacle according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a rectangular area surrounded by a pair of short sides connecting the opposite ends of the pair of long sides and extending in the vertical direction is set as the detection area. Object detection method.   The obstacle detection method according to claim 12, wherein a trapezoidal region having a shorter short side located farther away from the moving body than the short side located closer to the moving body is set as the detection region.   The obstacle detection method according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of the detection areas are set.

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