JP2018092000A - Space display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a space display device capable of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image and displaying a bright image having high utilization efficiency of light.SOLUTION: A space display device 10 includes: an image display unit 110 for outputting a far and near reversal stereoscopic image and having a display surface that emits it as image light that is linear polarization; a selective reflection film 120 for mirror reflecting the image light; and a retroreflective material 130 for retroreflecting the image light from the selective reflection film. The selective reflection film transmits the image light that retroreflected in the retroreflective material and entered the selective reflection film to thereby display a stereoscopic image in a space. The selective reflection film includes a resin layer 121 having cholesteric regularity and a λ/4 plate 122 provided on a surface at an image display unit side of the resin layer having cholesteric regularity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a space display device that displays a stereoscopic image in space.

  2. Description of the Related Art A spatial display device, that is, a display device that displays an image, and a device that produces a visual effect in which an image exists in a state of floating in a space separated from the surface of the device, not the surface of the device, has been conventionally used. More known. Many of these spatial display devices include a combination of a beam splitter such as a half mirror and a retroreflecting material. For example, Patent Document 1 describes that a beam splitter and a retroreflecting material are combined to display light emitted as an image on a screen so as to be present in a floating state in space.

JP-A-4-339488

  However, in the conventional spatial display device, the image displayed in the space is a flat or curved two-dimensional display surface, and a three-dimensional stereoscopic image cannot be displayed in the space.

  In addition, the spatial display device of the prior art has a problem that the attenuation of light when passing through the beam splitter is large, so that the image displayed in the space is dark with respect to the brightness of the emitted light. .

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a spatial display device that can display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image, has high light utilization efficiency, and can display a bright image.

  As a result of studying to solve the above problems, the present inventors have adopted an image display unit having a display surface that outputs a perspective inverted stereoscopic image and emits it as linearly polarized image light as means for outputting an image. In combination with this, it has been found that by using a selective reflection film having a specific layer structure, it is possible to display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image as a bright image in the space, and the present invention has been completed.

〔式中、Ｙ_１ｗ〜Ｙ_６ｗはそれぞれ独立して、単結合、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^１ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１ｗ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１ｗ−、−ＮＲ^１ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^１ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１ｗ−、−Ｏ−ＮＲ^１ｗ−、または−ＮＲ^１ｗ−Ｏ−を表す。ここで、Ｒ^１ｗは、水素原子または炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
Ｇ_１ｗおよびＧ_２ｗはそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、炭素数１〜２０の２価の脂肪族基を表す。該脂肪族基には、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^２ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^２ｗ−、−ＮＲ^２ｗ−、または−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−が介在していてもよい（ただし、−Ｏ−および−Ｓ−がそれぞれ２以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。）。ここで、Ｒ^２ｗは、水素原子または炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
Ｚ_１ｗおよびＺ_２ｗはそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数２〜１０のアルケニル基を表す。
Ａ_１ｗおよびＡ_２ｗはそれぞれ独立して、炭素数１〜３０の２価の有機基Ａｗを表す。
Ｘ_１ｗ〜Ｘ_８ｗはそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有してもよい炭素数１〜１０のアルキル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、−ＯＲ^３ｗ、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^３ｗ、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＯＲ^３ｗ、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＯＲ^３ｗ、−ＮＲ^４ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^３ｗ、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^３ｗＲ^４ｗ、または−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^４ｗ、ＮＲ^３ｗＲ^４ｗを表す。ここで、Ｒ^３ｗ及びＲ^４ｗは、水素原子又は置換基を有してもよい炭素数１〜１０のアルキル基を表し、アルキル基である場合、当該アルキル基には、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^５ｗ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^５ｗ−、−ＮＲ^５ｗ−、または−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−が介在していてもよい（ただし、−Ｏ−および−Ｓ−がそれぞれ２以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。）。ここで、Ｒ^５ｗは、水素原子または炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
ａｗおよびｂｗはそれぞれ独立して、０または１である。〕で示される化合物である、〔１〕〜〔３〕のいずれか１項に記載の空間表示装置。
〔５〕 前記λ／４板が、λ／４波長層及びλ／２波長層を含み、
前記λ／４波長層及び前記λ／２波長層が、脂環式構造含有重合体を含む樹脂からなり、
前記λ／４波長層の遅相軸と前記λ／２波長層の遅相軸とがなす角が、６０°±５°である、〔１〕〜〔４〕のいずれか１項に記載の空間表示装置。
〔６〕 前記λ／４板が、重合性の液晶化合物を含む液晶組成物の硬化物からなる層を含み、
前記液晶化合物が、下記式（Ｉ）で表される化合物である、〔１〕〜〔５〕のいずれか１項に記載の空間表示装置。

（前記式（Ｉ）において、
Ｙ^１〜Ｙ^８は、それぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^１−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１−、−ＮＲ^１−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^１−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^１−、−Ｏ−ＮＲ^１−、又は、−ＮＲ^１−Ｏ−を表す。ここで、Ｒ^１は、水素原子又は炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
Ｇ^１及びＧ^２は、それぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、炭素数１〜２０の二価の脂肪族基を表す。また、前記脂肪族基には、１つの脂肪族基当たり１以上の−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｏ−、−ＮＲ^２−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−ＮＲ^２−、−ＮＲ^２−、又は、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−が介在していてもよい。ただし、−Ｏ−又は−Ｓ−がそれぞれ２以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。ここで、Ｒ^２は、水素原子又は炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
Ｚ^１及びＺ^２は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数２〜１０のアルケニル基を表す。
Ａ^ｘは、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数２〜３０の有機基を表す。
Ａ^ｙは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数１〜２０のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数２〜２０のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数３〜１２のシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数２〜２０のアルキニル基、−Ｃ（＝Ｏ）−Ｒ^３、−ＳＯ_２−Ｒ^４、−Ｃ（＝Ｓ）ＮＨ−Ｒ^９、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数２〜３０の有機基を表す。ここで、Ｒ^３は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数１〜２０のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数２〜２０のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数３〜１２のシクロアルキル基、又は、炭素数５〜１２の芳香族炭化水素環基を表す。Ｒ^４は、炭素数１〜２０のアルキル基、炭素数２〜２０のアルケニル基、フェニル基、又は、４−メチルフェニル基を表す。Ｒ^９は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数１〜２０のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数２〜２０のアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数３〜１２のシクロアルキル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数５〜２０の芳香族基を表す。前記Ａ^ｘ及びＡ^ｙが有する芳香環は、置換基を有していてもよい。また、前記Ａ^ｘとＡ^ｙは、一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。
Ａ^１は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
Ａ^２及びＡ^３は、それぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数３〜３０の二価の脂環式炭化水素基を表す。
Ａ^４及びＡ^５は、それぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、炭素数６〜３０の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Ｑ^１は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数１〜６のアルキル基を表す。
ｍは、それぞれ独立に、０又は１を表す。） That is, according to the present invention, the following is provided.
[1] An image display unit including a display surface that outputs a perspective inverted stereoscopic image and emits the image light as linearly polarized light;
A selective reflection film for specularly reflecting the image light;
A spatial display device comprising a retroreflecting material that retroreflects image light from the selective reflection film,
The selective reflection film transmits the image light retroreflected in the retroreflective material and incident on the selective reflection film, thereby displaying a stereoscopic image in space,
The selective reflection film is
A spatial display device comprising: a resin layer having cholesteric regularity; and a λ / 4 plate provided on a surface of the resin layer having cholesteric regularity on the image display unit side.
[2] The spatial display device according to [1], wherein the image display unit includes a microlens array provided on the display surface side.
[3] The resin layer having the cholesteric regularity exhibits reflection having a reflectance of 40% or more and a half-value width of the reflection band of 350 nm or more in at least one wavelength of the visible wavelength band. 2].
[4] The resin layer having the cholesteric regularity is a layer formed by curing a layer of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw),
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is represented by the following formula (Iw):

[ _Wherein , Y _{1w to} Y _6w are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C. (═O) —O—, —NR ^1w —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —O—C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —NR ^1w —C (= O) —O—, —NR ^1w —C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —O—NR ^1w —, or —NR ^1w —O— is represented. Here, R ^1w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
G _1w and G _2w each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C (═O) —O—, —NR ^2w. —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ^2w —, —NR ^2w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (provided that —O— and —S— are present) Except when two or more adjacent to each other.) Here, R ^2w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Z _1w and Z _2w each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
A _1w and A _2w each independently represent a divalent organic group Aw having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
X _{1w to} X _8w are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an _optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, —OR ^3w , —O—C (= O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —OR ^3w , —O—C (═O) —OR ^3w , —NR ^4w —C (═O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —NR ^3w R ^4w , or —O—C (═O) —R ^4w , NR ^3w R ^4w is represented. Here, R ^3w and R ^4w represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. When the alkyl group is an alkyl group, the alkyl group includes —O— and —S. -, -O-C (= O)-, -C (= O) -O-, -O-C (= O) -O-, -NR ^5w -C (= O)-, -C (= O ) —NR ^5w —, —NR ^5w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (except when two or more of —O— and —S— are adjacent to each other). . Here, R ^5w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
aw and bw are each independently 0 or 1. ] The space display apparatus of any one of [1]-[3] which is a compound shown by these.
[5] The λ / 4 plate includes a λ / 4 wavelength layer and a λ / 2 wavelength layer,
The λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer are made of a resin containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer,
The angle formed by the slow axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is 60 ° ± 5 °, according to any one of [1] to [4]. Spatial display device.
[6] The λ / 4 plate includes a layer made of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound,
The spatial display device according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the liquid crystal compound is a compound represented by the following formula (I).

(In the formula (I),
Y ^{1 to} Y ⁸ are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C. (═O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —NR ¹ —C (= O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—NR ¹ —, or —NR ¹ —O— is represented. Here, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
G ¹ and G ² each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C per one aliphatic group. Even if (═O) —O—, —NR ² —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ² —, —NR ² —, or —C (═O) — are present. Good. However, the case where two or more of -O- or -S- are adjacent to each other is excluded. Here, R < ² > represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group.
Z ¹ and Z ² each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
A ^x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
A ^y has a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent. A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, —C (═O) —R ³ , —SO ₂ —R ⁴ , —C ( = S) NH-R ⁹ or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. Here, R ³ has an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent. Or a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or a C5-C12 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. R ⁴ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group. R ⁹ is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon. The C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or the C5-C20 aromatic group which may have a substituent is represented. The aromatic ring which said ^Ax and ^Ay have may have a substituent. A ^x and A ^y may be combined to form a ring.
A ¹ represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
A ² and A ³ each independently represent a C 3-30 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
A ⁴ and A ⁵ each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
Q ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
m represents 0 or 1 each independently. )

The spatial display device of the present invention can display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image, has high light utilization efficiency, and can display a bright image.
In particular, when the resin layer having cholesteric regularity is a layer formed by curing a liquid crystal composition layer containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw), it is particularly advantageous in displaying a stereoscopic image. That is, the resin layer having cholesteric regularity includes a cured product of a material containing the compound having a high Δn value, thereby achieving selective reflection in a wide reflection band even in a thin layer and high in a narrow thickness range. Reflection of a light amount of light is performed, and as a result, it is particularly advantageous for spatial stereoscopic display in which the light amount is particularly insufficient and precise reflection is required to form a stereoscopic image.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the space display device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross section of the space display device shown in FIG. 1 cut along a line 1a. FIG. 3 is a side view for more specifically explaining the mode of selective reflection in the selective reflection film 120 in the spatial display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the stereoscopic image of the image display unit 110 in FIG. 3 is observed in the observation direction A22. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the stereoscopic image in the region R in FIG. 3 is observed in the observation direction A21.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and examples, and the claims of the present invention and equivalents thereof. Any change can be made without departing from the scope described above.

[1. Overview of the space display device)
The spatial display device of the present invention outputs an inversion perspective stereoscopic image and includes an image display unit including a display surface that emits linearly polarized image light, a selective reflection film that specularly reflects image light, and a selective reflection film. A spatial display device comprising a retroreflecting material that retroreflects image light. The arrangement of the image display unit, the selective reflection film, and the retroreflective material is such that the selective reflection film transmits the image light that is retroreflected by the retroreflective material and incident on the selective reflection film, thereby displaying a stereoscopic image in space. To be positioned. In the spatial display device of the present invention, the selective reflection film includes a resin layer having cholesteric regularity and a λ / 4 plate provided on the surface of the resin layer having cholesteric regularity on the image display unit side. In the present application, a resin layer having cholesteric regularity may be simply referred to as “cholesteric resin layer”.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the spatial display device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cross section of the spatial display device shown in FIG. 1 cut along a line 1a. 1 and 2, the spatial display device 10 includes an image display unit 110, a selective reflection film 120, and a retroreflecting material 130. The space display device 10 further includes, as optional components, a housing 180 for storing them and a hood 190 provided on the upper portion thereof. The hood 190 includes side plates 190L and 190R provided on the side surface of the apparatus, and a back plate 190B provided on the back side of the apparatus. With these, external light when the observer observes the inside of the observation region R along the observation direction A21. And the display image can be made clearer.

  The image display unit 110 is a unit that emits an image as image light that is linearly polarized light from the display surface 110U side. In this example, the image display unit 110 includes a display panel 111 and a microlens array 112 provided on the display surface 110U side, thereby emitting image light having three-dimensional position information. The image displayed by the image display unit 110 may be a still image or a moving image. The image light A11 emitted from the image display unit 110 travels obliquely upward.

  The selective reflection film 120 includes a cholesteric resin layer 121 and a λ / 4 plate 122 provided on the surface of the cholesteric resin layer 121 on the image display unit 110 side. The positional relationship between the image display unit 110 and the selective reflection film 120 is such that the image light A11 emitted from the image display unit 110 is incident on the lower surface 120D of the selective reflection film 120 in an oblique direction. In this example, the selective reflection film 120 is disposed horizontally, and regularly reflects the image light A11 emitted from the image display unit 110, and the reflected image light A12 travels obliquely downward. Upon such reflection, the selective reflection film 120 also changes the polarization direction of the image light by 90 °.

  The retroreflective member 130 is a material having a property of reflecting incident light in the direction of the emission source of the incident light. That is, the outgoing angle of the reflected light reflected by the retroreflecting material 130 is the same as the incident angle of the incident light. In the spatial display device of the present invention, the positional relationship between the selective reflection film 120 and the retroreflective material 130 is positioned so that the image light reflected by the selective reflection film 120 enters the retroreflective material 130. In this example, the retroreflecting material 130 retroreflects the image light A12 incident on the retroreflecting material 130. The retroreflected image light A13 travels obliquely upward. Upon such reflection, the reflection by the retroreflecting material 130 inverts the stereoscopic perspective position information of the image light. Unlike the case where the image light A13 is directly incident on the selective reflection film 120 from the image display unit 110, the polarization direction of the image light A13 is changed, so that the image light A13 is transmitted through the selective reflection film 120 and emitted as transmitted light A14. As a result, when the user of the apparatus performs observation along the observation direction A21, the image output from the image display unit 110 is observed as an image whose perspective is inverted in the region R.

[2. Specific example of selective reflection)
FIG. 3 is a side view for more specifically explaining the mode of selective reflection in the selective reflection film 120 in the spatial display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 3, the cholesteric resin layer 121 and the λ / 4 plate 122 are shown separated from each other for explanation. In FIG. 3, the positional relationship between the top, bottom, left, and right of the stereoscopic image is indicated by coordinate axes U (up), D (down), L (left), R (right), F (front), and B (rear). Is a wedge-shaped arrow, and a coordinate axis extending from the paper surface is indicated by a dotted arrow. In this example, when the apparatus user observes along the observation direction A21, a three-dimensional image in which the letter “A” protrudes from the observer is displayed.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the image display unit 110 outputs a stereoscopic image in which perspective is inverted as image light that is linearly polarized light. The positional relationship between the top, bottom, left, and right is the coordinate axis C11. The direction of polarization is a direction parallel to the left-right direction of the image. When this stereoscopic image is observed in the observation direction A22, the observed image and the polarization direction are the same as the image 410 and the polarization direction A41 shown in FIG.

  As a specific example of such an image display unit that includes a combination of a display panel and a microlens array and generates and outputs a stereoscopic image, a known one can be used. For example, an apparatus described in JP 2012-22307 A can be used as an image display unit. Inversion of the perspective of the stereoscopic image to be output can be achieved by using data converted so as to invert the perspective information as image data to be input to the display panel.

  The display panel constituting the image display unit may be various types such as a liquid crystal display panel, an organic electroluminescence display panel, etc., but is preferable because the liquid crystal display panel can be easily configured to emit linearly polarized light.

  The material which comprises the micro lens array which comprises an image display unit is not specifically limited, A known optical material can be employ | adopted suitably. In particular, a resin containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferable from the viewpoint of high mechanical strength, transparency, heat resistance, ease of processing, and high processing accuracy. Details of the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer can be the same as those described later as examples of the material constituting the λ / 4 plate.

  The image light A11 emitted from the image display unit 110 enters the λ / 4 plate 122. In this example, the slow axis direction A43 of the λ / 4 plate 122 forms an angle of 45 ° with the direction A42 in which the polarization direction of the image light is projected onto the λ / 4 plate 122. Due to the relationship between the polarization direction and the slow axis direction, the image light A31 emitted from the λ / 4 plate 122 is light whose polarization state is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light.

  The image light A31 reaches the cholesteric resin layer 121. The cholesteric resin layer 121 has a property of transmitting one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light and reflecting the other. In this example, the cholesteric resin layer 121 is configured to reflect circularly polarized light that is the image light A31. Therefore, in the cholesteric resin layer 121, the image light A31 is regularly reflected. The reflected image light A32 is incident on the λ / 4 plate 122 again. The image light A12 emitted from the λ / 4 plate 122 is light whose polarization state is converted from circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light. Since the image light A32 is circularly polarized light having the same rotation direction as that of the image light A31 and the traveling direction being opposite, the polarization direction of the image light A12 emitted as a result of conversion by the λ / 4 plate 122 is changed from the image light A11. The direction changes by 90 °. That is, the direction of polarization is parallel to the vertical direction of the image.

  The image light A12 reaches the retroreflecting material 130 and is retroreflected. As a specific example of such a retroreflective material, a known material can be used. For example, various reflectors such as those provided with microbeads on the surface and those provided with microprisms on the surface can be used. In retroreflection, the polarization direction of linearly polarized light is maintained, and the stereoscopic perspective information of the image light is inverted. The reflected image light A13 is incident on the λ / 4 plate 122 again. The image light A33 emitted from the λ / 4 plate 122 is light whose polarization state is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. Since the image light A13 is linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is changed by 90 ° compared to the image light A11, the rotation direction of the emitted image light A33 is opposite to that of the image light A31 as a result of conversion by the λ / 4 plate 122. It becomes the direction. Accordingly, the image light A33 passes through the cholesteric resin layer 121 and is emitted as transmitted light A14. As a result, when the apparatus user performs observation along the observation direction A21, a stereoscopic image output from the image display unit 110 is observed in the region R. The positional relationship between the top, bottom, left, and right is the coordinate axis C12. When this stereoscopic image is observed in the observation direction A21, the observed image is as shown by an image 420 shown in FIG.

[3. Selective reflective film)
In the spatial display device of the present invention, a selective reflection film including a cholesteric resin layer and a λ / 4 plate is employed, and this is combined with a specific image display unit that emits image light that is linearly polarized light. The spatial display device of the present invention can display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image as a bright image by providing such a configuration. That is, by adopting such a selective reflection film, as in the example described above, linearly polarized light emitted from the image display unit and directly incident on the selective reflection film can be reflected with high efficiency. The linearly polarized light incident again from the retroreflecting material side can be transmitted with high efficiency. As a result, the image light emitted from the image display unit can be used more efficiently than a space display device using a conventional beam splitter such as a half mirror. By providing such a configuration, the spatial display device of the present invention can be a device that is particularly advantageous in displaying a stereoscopic image that is required to form a bright image at a depth of perspective.

  In addition, the cholesteric resin layer has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture as compared to other films that separate polarized light, such as a film that selectively reflects linearly polarized light, and can be manufactured at a low cost. Can be made thinner. Since the thickness of the cholesteric resin layer is thin, a good selective reflection function can be exhibited even for light incident from an oblique direction, so that the image quality of the displayed image can be improved. Specifically, a high amount of light is reflected in a narrow thickness range, and as a result, it is particularly advantageous for spatial stereoscopic display where the amount of light is particularly insufficient and precise reflection is necessary to form a stereoscopic image. It is.

[4. Specific example of cholesteric resin layer]
The cholesteric resin layer preferably exhibits reflection having a reflectance of 40% or more and a half-value width of 350 nm or more in at least one wavelength of the visible wavelength band. By exhibiting such reflection, the image light from the image display unit (image light A11 in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 5) can be reflected at a high rate in a wide wavelength band, and as a result, it is bright and has a wide color tone. The displayed image can be displayed.

  Such a cholesteric resin layer having a high reflectance and a wide reflection band can be obtained by curing a liquid crystal composition layer containing a specific compound. Examples of such specific compounds include polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (iw) described below.

[4.1. Polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw)]
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is a compound represented by the following formula (Iw). The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is neither a polymerizable compound (iiw) described later nor a polymerizable chiral compound.

In the formula (Iw), Y _{1w to} Y _6w are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, — ^{O-C (= O) -O} -, - NR 1w -C (= O) -, - C (= O) -NR 1w -, - O-C (= O) -NR 1w -, - NR 1w - ^{C (= O) -O -,} - NR 1w -C (= O) -NR 1w -, - O-NR 1w -, or an ^-NR 1 w -O-. Here, R ^1w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R ^1w is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
Particularly preferred as a combination of Y is Y _1w and Y _3w are —C (═O) —O—, and Y _4w , from the viewpoint of better synthesis and the desired effects of the present invention. Y _6w is —O—C (═O) — and Y _2w and Y _5w are —O—, or Y _{1w to} Y _3w are —C (═O) —O—, Y _{4w -Y 6w} is a combination in which -O-C (= O)-.

G _1w and G _2w are each independently a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, preferably a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. It is.
The divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of G _1w and G _2w is preferably a chain aliphatic group such as an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
From the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, an alkylene group such as an ethylene group, a butylene group, a hexylene group, and an octylene group is preferable.

Examples of the substituent for the aliphatic group of G _1w and G _2w include a halogen atom and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; The halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom, and the alkoxy group is preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group.

The aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C (═O) —O—, — NR ^2w —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ^2w —, —NR ^2w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (provided that —O— and —S -Except when two or more intervening each other.) Here, R ^2w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R ^2w is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Z _1w and Z _2w each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
Specific examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms of Z _1w and Z _2w include CH ₂ ═CH—, CH ₂ ═C (CH ₃ ) —, CH ₂ ═CH—CH ₂ —, CH ₃ —CH═. _{CH-, CH 2 = CH-CH} 2 -CH 2 -, CH 2 = C (CH 3) -CH 2 -CH 2 -, (CH 3) 2 C = CH-CH 2 -, (CH 3) 2 C ═CH—CH ₂ —CH ₂ —, CH ₂ ═C (Cl) —, CH ₂ ═C (CH ₃ ) —CH ₂ —, CH ₃ —CH═CH—CH ₂ — and the like.

As carbon number of this alkenyl group, 2-6 are preferable. As a halogen atom which is a substituent of the alkenyl group of _Z1w and _Z2w , a chlorine atom is preferable.
Among them, as Z _1w and Z _2w , from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, CH ₂ = CH-, CH ₂ = CH (CH ₃ )-, CH ₂ = C (Cl)-, It is more preferable that CH ₂ ═CH—CH ₂ —, CH ₂ ═C (CH ₃ ) —CH ₂ —, or CH ₂ ═C (CH ₃ ) —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —.

X _{1w to} X _8w are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an _optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, —OR ^3w , —O—C (= O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —OR ^3w , —O—C (═O) —OR ^3w , —NR ^4w —C (═O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —NR ^3w R ^4w , or —O—C (═O) —NR ^3w R ^4w is represented. _Examples of the substituent when X _{1w to} X _8w are alkyl groups having a substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, and an ethyl group. Here, R ^3w and R ^4w represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. When the alkyl group is an alkyl group, the alkyl group includes —O— and —S. -, -O-C (= O)-, -C (= O) -O-, -O-C (= O) -O-, -NR ^5w -C (= O)-, -C (= O ) —NR ^5w —, —NR ^5w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (except when two or more of —O— and —S— are adjacent to each other). . Here, R ^5w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the substituent when R ^3w and R ^4w are alkyl groups having a substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, and an ethyl group.
From the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials, (1) X _{1w to} X _8w are all hydrogen atoms, (2) X _{1w to} X _5w and X _7w are all hydrogen atoms, and X _6w and X _8w is -OCH _3, -OCH ₂ CH _3, or whether it is _{-CH 3, (3) X 1w} ~X 5w, X 7w and _{X 8w} are both hydrogen atoms, and _{X 6w} is -C ( ═O) —OR ^3w , —OCH ₃ , —OCH ₂ CH ₃ , —CH ₃ , —CH ₂ CH ₃ , —CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ or a fluorine atom, or (4) X _{1w to} X _4w And X _{6w to} X _8w are all hydrogen atoms, and X _5w is —C (═O) —O—R ^3w , —OCH ₃ , —OCH ₂ CH ₃ , —CH ₃ , —CH ₂ CH ₃ , Oh by -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ or fluorine atom It is preferable.

Further, in the formula _(Iw), respectively coupled to the _{A 1 w} and _{A 2w, wherein: -Y 2w - (G 1w -Y} 1w) aw-Z 1w and the _{formula: -Y 5w - (G 2w -Y} 6w) Specific examples of the group represented by bw-Z _2w include the following. Incidentally, the aw and bw are each _represent a repeating number of (G _{1w -Y} 1w) units and _(G 2w _{-Y 6w)} units, aw and bw are each independently 0 or 1. As a particularly preferred combination as aw and bw, both aw and bw are 1 from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and better expression of the desired effect of the present invention.

A _1w and A _2w each independently represent a divalent organic group Aw having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. As carbon number of organic group Aw, 6-20 are preferable. Although it does not restrict _| limit especially as the organic group A of _A1w and _A2w , What has an aromatic ring is preferable.

  In the present invention, in the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) represented by the formula (Iw), two groups represented by the following formulas may be the same or different.

  Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (Iw) and preferable examples of the portion of the compound include those described in documents such as International Publication No. 2009/041512.

  Preferable specific examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) represented by the formula (Iw) include the following.

  The Δn value of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more. By having such a high Δn value, a cholesteric resin layer having high optical performance (for example, selective reflection function) can be provided. Although the upper limit of (DELTA) n is not specifically limited, For example, it can be set to 0.40, Preferably it is 0.35.

  The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) can be produced based on a known method described in documents such as WO2009 / 041512.

[4.2. Polymerizable liquid crystal compound that can be used in combination with polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw)]
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) may be used in combination with other polymerizable liquid crystal compounds. Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that can be used in combination with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) include JP-A-11-130729, JP-A-8-104870, JP-A-2005-309255, and JP-A-2005-263789. Disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-533742, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-308832, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-265421, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-070406, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-100555. And known polymerizable liquid crystal compounds.

  The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) and other polymerizable liquid crystal compounds described above may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio. However, when the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) and the other polymerizable liquid crystal compound are used, the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is 50% by weight in the total amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The following is preferable, and 30% by weight or less is more preferable.

[4.3. Polymerizable compound (iiw)]
When the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw), the liquid crystal composition can contain a polymerizable compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Preferable examples of such polymerizable compounds include achiral compounds represented by the following formula (IIw). Hereinafter, this compound may be referred to as a polymerizable compound (iiw).

_{^{Z 3w -MG-O (CH 2}} ) n 1w -Y 11w -Z 4w (IIw)

In the formula (IIw), Z ^3w represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a cyano group. Represents a group selected from the group consisting of A halogen atom can be mentioned as a substituent in case ^Z3w is an alkyl group which has a substituent. Z ^3w is preferably a cyano group.
MG is 4,4′-biphenylene group, 4,4′-bicyclohexylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group, and 4,4′-benzaldehyde azine group (—C ₆ H ₄ —CH—═N—N). _{= CH-C 6 H 4 -} , wherein _-C 6 _{H 4} - represents a mesogen group selected from the group consisting of p- phenylene). MG is preferably a 4,4′-biphenylene group.
n _1w represents an integer of 0 to 6, preferably 0 to 2.
Y ^11w represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CS—, —OCO—, —CH ₂ —, —OCH ₂ —, —NHCO—, —OCOO—, —CH ₂ COO—. And a group selected from the group consisting of —CH ₂ OCO—. Y ^11w is preferably —OCO—.
Z ^4w represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom. Z ^4w is preferably CH ₂ ═CH—.

  The Δn of the polymerizable compound (iiw) is preferably 0.18 or more, more preferably 0.22 or more. By having such a high Δn value, Δn as a liquid crystal composition can be improved, and a cholesteric resin layer having a broadband selective reflection function can be produced. Although the upper limit of (DELTA) n is not specifically limited, For example, it can be 0.35, Preferably it can be 0.30.

  Preferable examples of the polymerizable compound (iiw) include the following compounds (2-1w) to (2-4w).

  The production method of the polymerizable compound (iiw) is not particularly limited, and is synthesized by a method known in the technical field, for example, a method described in JP-A Nos. 62-70406 and 11-10055. Can do.

  When the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) and a polymerizable compound (iiw), the weight ratio of (total weight of polymerizable compound (iiw)) / (total weight of polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw)) is , Preferably 0.05 to 1, more preferably 0.1 to 0.65, and even more preferably 0.15 to 0.45. By setting the weight ratio to 0.05 or more, alignment uniformity can be improved. Conversely, by setting it to 1 or less, alignment uniformity is improved, stability of the liquid crystal phase is improved, Δn as a liquid crystal composition is set to a high value, and desired optical performance (for example, selective reflection function) is obtained satisfactorily. be able to. The total weight indicates the weight when one kind is used and the total weight when two or more kinds are used.

  In the liquid crystal composition, the molecular weight of the polymerizable compound (iiw) is preferably less than 600, and the molecular weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is preferably 600 or more. When the molecular weight of the polymerizable compound (iiw) is less than 600, it can enter the gap between the rod-like liquid crystal compounds having a molecular weight larger than that, and the alignment uniformity can be improved. The molecular weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) can more preferably be 750 to 950. The molecular weight of the polymerizable compound (iiw) can more preferably be 250 to 450.

[4.4. Polymerizable chiral compound)
In the case where the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw), the liquid crystal composition may further contain a polymerizable chiral compound. As the polymerizable chiral compound, a compound having a chiral carbon atom in the molecule and capable of polymerizing with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and not disturbing the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be appropriately selected and used. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) described above can exhibit a cholesteric phase by mixing with the polymerizable chiral compound.
Here, “polymerization” means a chemical reaction in a broad sense including a crosslinking reaction in addition to a normal polymerization reaction.
In the liquid crystal composition, the polymerizable chiral compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the polymerizable chiral compound include known compounds as described in JP-A-11-193287 and JP-A-2003-13787 in addition to commercially available products (for example, “LC756” manufactured by BASF). Things. Examples of such chiral compounds include, but are not limited to, compounds represented by the following three general formulas.

In the above ^{formulas, R 6w} and ^{R 7w,} for example, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and a methoxy group. ^Examples of Y ^9w and Y ^10w include —O—, —O—C (═O) —, —O—C (═O) —O—, and the like. ^{M 1w} and m ^2w are each independently 2, 4 or 6. Specific examples of the compounds represented by these general formulas include the compounds shown below.

  When the liquid crystal composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) and a polymerizable chiral compound, the mixing ratio of the polymerizable chiral compound is usually 0.1 to 100 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw). Weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight.

[4.4. Other ingredients, production methods, etc.)
The liquid crystal composition may contain an arbitrary component in combination with the liquid crystal compound. Optional components include, for example, polymerization initiators, surfactants, solvents, metals, metal complexes, dyes, pigments, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, gelling agents, polysaccharides, ultraviolet absorbers, Examples include infrared absorbers, antioxidants, ion exchange resins, and metal oxides such as titanium oxide.

  By appropriately selecting the chirality of the components of the liquid crystal composition such as the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw), the polymerizable compound (iiw), and the polymerizable chiral compound, the selective reflection film can be selected from right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light. Which can be transmitted and which can be reflected can be set. Which of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light is transmitted and reflected can be appropriately selected according to the design of the spatial display device. For example, in the spatial display device 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, when the image light A31 is left circularly polarized light, the selective reflection film 120 that reflects left circularly polarized light and transmits right circularly polarized light is used. sell.

In the liquid crystal composition, a predetermined amount of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw), a polymerizable compound (iiw), a polymerizable chiral compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and other additives as required is usually dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent. Can be prepared. The cholesteric resin layer can be produced by applying a liquid crystal composition to a suitable substrate to form a liquid crystal layer and curing it. The liquid crystal layer can be subjected to an alignment treatment as necessary. A cholesteric resin layer can be formed by performing alignment treatment as necessary and then curing the liquid crystal composition by light irradiation and / or heating treatment. The curing step can be performed by a combination of one or more light irradiations and a heating treatment. Specifically, the heating conditions are, for example, a temperature of 40 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably 50 to 140 ° C., and a time of 1 second to 3 minutes, preferably 5 to 120 seconds. it can. The light used for light irradiation includes not only visible light but also ultraviolet rays and other electromagnetic waves. Specifically, the light irradiation can be performed by, for example, irradiating light having a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm for 0.01 second to 3 minutes. Further, for example, a weak irradiating ultraviolet ray of 0.01 to 50 mJ / cm ² and heating are alternately repeated a plurality of times to obtain a cholesteric resin layer having a wide reflection band. After extending the reflection band by the above-mentioned weak ultraviolet irradiation or the like, a relatively strong ultraviolet ray of 50 to 10,000 mJ / cm ² is irradiated to completely polymerize the liquid crystalline compound, whereby a cholesteric resin layer can be obtained.
For details on the optional components that the liquid crystal composition can contain, the method of producing a cholesteric resin layer by curing the liquid crystal composition, and the embodiment of the cholesteric resin layer, WO2009 / 041512 can be referred to.

[4.5. Properties of cholesteric resin layer)
The film thickness of the cholesteric resin layer is preferably 3.0 μm to 10.0 μm, more preferably 3.5 to 8 μm. The film thickness refers to the total film thickness of all layers when the cholesteric resin layer is two or more layers, and the film thickness when there is only one cholesteric resin layer. By setting the film thickness of the cholesteric resin layer to the lower limit or more, a high reflectance can be easily obtained. By setting the film thickness to be equal to or less than the above upper limit, it is possible to selectively reflect light incident on the cholesteric resin layer from an oblique direction without changing its color tone.

  In particular, as the cholesteric resin layer, a layer having a reflectance of 40% or more obtained by curing a layer of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) that is a compound having a reflectance and a high Δn value is adopted. This is particularly advantageous in a spatial display device that displays a stereoscopic image. That is, by including a cured product of a material having a high Δn value, selective reflection in a wide reflection band is achieved even in a thin layer, and a high amount of light is reflected in a narrow thickness range. Is particularly advantageous for spatial three-dimensional display in which precise reflection is required to form a three-dimensional image.

[5. Specific example of λ / 4 plate]
The λ / 4 plate provided in the selective reflection film is preferably capable of performing conversion between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength band in order to display an image having a wide color tone. In addition, it is preferable to improve the image quality of the displayed image that the conversion from the linearly polarized light to the circularly polarized light is good not only for the light incident from the front direction but also for the light incident from the oblique direction. .

Specific examples of preferred λ / 4 plates include the following λ / 4 plates (A) and λ / 4 plates (A). According to these λ / 4 plates, conversion between linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light can be performed in a wide wavelength band.
λ / 4 plate (a): comprising a λ / 4 wavelength layer and a λ / 2 wavelength layer, wherein the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer are made of a resin containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer, An angle formed by the slow axis of the / 4 wavelength layer and the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is 60 ° ± 5 °.
λ / 4 plate (A): λ / 4 plate including a layer made of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[5.1. λ / 4 plate (A): material]
The material of the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer constituting the λ / 4 plate (a) is a resin containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as resin (a)). It can be. Examples of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer include amorphous or crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymers. A crystalline polymer means a polymer in which molecular chains are regularly arranged in a long-range order and have a melting point that can be observed with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). An amorphous polymer refers to a polymer that does not have a long-range order like a crystal and does not have a melting point that can be observed with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

  The specific glass transition temperature of the amorphous alicyclic structure-containing polymer constituting the resin (a) is usually 150 ° C. or higher, preferably 155 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of heat resistance improvement and ease of molding. More preferably, it is 160 degreeC or more, Preferably it is 185 degreeC or less, More preferably, it is 180 degreeC or less, Most preferably, it is 175 degreeC or less.

  The specific melting point of the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer is usually 250 ° C. or higher, preferably 255 ° C. or higher, more preferably 260 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoints of improved heat resistance and ease of molding. Is 290 ° C. or lower, more preferably 280 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 270 ° C. or lower.

  An alicyclic structure-containing polymer is a polymer in which the structural unit of the polymer contains an alicyclic structure. The alicyclic structure-containing polymer may have an alicyclic structure in the main chain, may have an alicyclic structure in the side chain, and has an alicyclic structure in the main chain and the side chain. You may have. Among these, from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and heat resistance, a polymer containing an alicyclic structure in the main chain is preferable.

  Examples of the alicyclic structure include a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkane) structure and an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkene, cycloalkyne) structure. Among these, from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and heat resistance, a cycloalkane structure and a cycloalkene structure are preferable, and a cycloalkane structure is particularly preferable.

  The number of carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic structure is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 5 or more, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, particularly preferably per alicyclic structure. Is a range of 15 or less. By setting the number of carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic structure within this range, the mechanical strength, heat resistance and moldability of the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer are highly balanced.

  The proportion of structural units having an alicyclic structure in the amorphous alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 55% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. When the ratio of the structural unit having an alicyclic structure in the alicyclic structure-containing polymer is within this range, the transparency and heat resistance of the resin containing the alicyclic structure-containing polymer are improved.

  Non-crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymers include, for example, norbornene polymers, monocyclic olefin polymers, cyclic conjugated diene polymers, vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrogens thereof. A compound. Among these, norbornene-based polymers are more preferable because of their good transparency and moldability.

  Examples of commercially available amorphous alicyclic structure-containing polymers include ZEONEX and ZEONOR (norbornene resin) manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION; SUMILITE FS-1700 manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite; Arton (modified by JSR) Norbornene-based resin); Appel (cyclic olefin copolymer) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals; Topas (cyclic olefin copolymer) manufactured by Ticona; and Optretz OZ-1000 series manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. (alicyclic acrylic) Resin) ;.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the amorphous alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 15,000 or more, particularly preferably 20,000 or more, preferably 100,000. Below, it is more preferably 80,000 or less, particularly preferably 50,000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight is in such a range, the mechanical strength and molding processability of the resin are highly balanced.

  The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the amorphous alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 1.2 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, particularly preferably 1.8 or more, preferably 3. It is 5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, and particularly preferably 2.7 or less. Here, Mn represents a number average molecular weight. By making molecular weight distribution more than the lower limit of the said range, productivity of a polymer can be improved and manufacturing cost can be suppressed. Moreover, since the quantity of a low molecular component becomes small by making it into an upper limit or less, the relaxation at the time of high temperature exposure can be suppressed and the stability of the member containing the polymer can be improved.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer were gel permeation chromatography using cyclohexane as a solvent (however, toluene may be used when the sample does not dissolve in cyclohexane). Can be measured as a weight average molecular weight in terms of polyisoprene or polystyrene.

In the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer, the ratio of the structural unit having an alicyclic structure to all the structural units is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 70% by weight. That's it. Heat resistance can be improved by increasing the proportion of structural units having an alicyclic structure in the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer as described above.
In the alicyclic structure-containing polymer, the remainder other than the structural unit having an alicyclic structure is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.

Specific examples of the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer include the following polymer (α) to polymer (δ). Among these, the polymer (β) is preferable because a resin having excellent heat resistance is easily obtained. As specific examples and production methods of the polymer (α) to the polymer (δ), for example, those described in JP-A-2006-26909 can be employed.
Polymer (α): A ring-opening polymer of a cyclic olefin monomer having crystallinity.
Polymer (β): A hydrogenated product of polymer (α) having crystallinity.
Polymer (γ): An addition polymer of a cyclic olefin monomer having crystallinity.
Polymer (δ): A hydrogenated product of polymer (γ) having crystallinity.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 2,000 or more, preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 500, 000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight is in such a range, the balance between resin molding processability and heat resistance is excellent.

  The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, preferably 4.0 or less, more preferably 3.5. It is as follows. A crystalline polymer having such a molecular weight distribution is excellent in moldability.

  The glass transition temperature of the crystalline alicyclic structure-containing polymer is not particularly limited, but is usually 85 ° C. or higher and usually 170 ° C. or lower.

  The ratio of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer in the resin (a) is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, and particularly preferably 90% by weight to 100% by weight. By setting the ratio of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer within the above range, the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer can obtain sufficient heat resistance and transparency.

Resin (A) can contain arbitrary components in addition to the alicyclic structure-containing polymer.
For example, the resin (A) can contain an additive capable of efficiently absorbing CO ₂ laser light as an optional component. By including such a component, the film can be easily cut out. Further optional components include, for example, antioxidants such as phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants and sulfur antioxidants; light stabilizers such as hindered amine light stabilizers; petroleum waxes and Fischer-Tropsch waxes. Waxes such as polyalkylene wax; sorbitol compounds, metal salts of organic phosphoric acid, metal salts of organic carboxylic acid, nucleating agents such as kaolin and talc; diaminostilbene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, azole derivatives (for example, benzoxazole derivatives) , Benzotriazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, and benzothiazole derivatives), carbazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, naphthalic acid derivatives, imidazolone derivatives, and other fluorescent brighteners; inorganic fillers such as talc, silica, calcium carbonate, and glass fibers Pigments and dyes Colorant; Dispersant; Heat stabilizer; Light stabilizer; Flame retardant; Flame retardant aid; Antistatic agent; Antioxidant; Plasticizer; Near infrared absorber; Surfactant; It is done.
Arbitrary components may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.

  The resin (a) preferably has a positive intrinsic birefringence value. The resin having a positive intrinsic birefringence value means a resin whose refractive index in the stretching direction is larger than the refractive index in the direction orthogonal thereto. The intrinsic birefringence value can be calculated from the dielectric constant distribution. By adopting a resin having a positive intrinsic birefringence value as the resin (a), it has good characteristics such as high orientation regulating force, high strength, low cost, low thermal dimensional change rate, etc. A λ / 4 wavelength layer and a λ / 2 wavelength layer can be easily obtained.

[5.2. λ / 4 plate (A): Characteristics of λ / 4 wavelength layer]
The in-plane retardation Re of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is preferably 110 nm or more, more preferably 118 nm or more, preferably 154 nm or less, more preferably 138 nm or less, and particularly preferably 128 nm or less. Since the λ / 4 wavelength layer has such an in-plane retardation Re, the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer can be combined to function as a broadband λ / 4 plate.

  The NZ coefficient of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is preferably 0.95 or more, more preferably 0.97 or more, particularly preferably 0.99 or more, preferably 1.05 or less, more preferably 1.03 or less, Especially preferably, it is 1.01 or less. When the NZ coefficient of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is close to 1.0 and the optical uniaxiality of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is higher, the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer whose NZ coefficient is in a predetermined range Can be made to function well as a broadband λ / 4 plate.

  The λ / 4 wavelength layer can have chromatic dispersion characteristics such as forward chromatic dispersion characteristics, flat chromatic dispersion characteristics, and reverse chromatic dispersion characteristics. The forward wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which retardation increases as the wavelength becomes shorter. Further, the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the retardation becomes smaller as the wavelength becomes shorter. Further, the flat wavelength dispersion characteristic means a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the retardation does not change regardless of the wavelength.

  The thickness of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is preferably 10 μm or more, more preferably 13 μm or more, particularly preferably 15 μm or more, preferably 60 μm or less, more preferably 58 μm or less, and particularly preferably 55 μm or less. When the thickness of the λ / 4 wavelength layer is equal to or greater than the lower limit value of the above range, desired retardation can be exhibited, and when the thickness is equal to or less than the upper limit value of the above range, the thickness can be reduced.

[5.3. λ / 4 plate (A): λ / 2 wavelength layer characteristics]
The in-plane retardation of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is preferably 240 nm or more, more preferably 250 nm or more, preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 280 nm or less, and particularly preferably 265 nm or less. Since the λ / 2 wavelength layer has such in-plane retardation Re, the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer can be combined to function as a broadband λ / 4 plate.

  The NZ coefficient of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is usually 1.1 or more, preferably 1.3 or more, particularly preferably 1.5 or more, and usually 3.0 or less, preferably 2.5 or less, particularly preferably 2 0.0 or less. When the λ / 2 wavelength layer has an NZ coefficient in the above range, the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer can be combined to function well as a broadband λ / 4 plate.

  The λ / 2 wavelength layer may have chromatic dispersion characteristics such as forward chromatic dispersion characteristics, flat chromatic dispersion characteristics, and reverse chromatic dispersion characteristics.

  The thickness of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is preferably 25 μm or more, more preferably 27 μm or more, particularly preferably 30 μm or more, preferably 45 μm or less, more preferably 43 μm or less, and particularly preferably 40 μm or less. When the thickness of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is not less than the lower limit of the above range, desired retardation can be expressed, and when it is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the thickness can be reduced.

[5.4. λ / 4 plate (A): λ / 4 wavelength layer and λ / 2 wavelength layer manufacturing method]
The manufacturing method of the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer is arbitrary. The λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer can be manufactured as a stretched film, for example, by a manufacturing method including stretching a long pre-stretch base material made of resin (a). In particular, the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer are preferably manufactured as an obliquely stretched film by a manufacturing method including subjecting a long base material before stretching to at least one oblique stretching. Here, “oblique stretching” refers to stretching a long film in an oblique direction. According to the manufacturing method including oblique stretching, the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer can be easily manufactured. When the resin (a) contains a crystalline polymer, a step of promoting crystallization of the crystalline polymer can be further performed after the stretching step.

[5.5. λ / 4 plate (A): Position of slow axis]
In general, a λ / 4 wavelength layer that forms a slow axis angle θ _{λ / 4} with respect to a certain reference direction and a λ / 2 wavelength layer that forms a slow axis angle θ _{λ / 2} with respect to the reference direction are combined. When the multilayer film satisfies the formula θ _{λ / 4} = 2θ _{λ / 2} + 45 °, the multilayer film is approximately ¼ wavelength of the wavelength of the light passing through the multilayer film in a wide wavelength range. This is a broadband λ / 4 plate capable of providing in-plane retardation. Further, when a linear polarizer having an absorption axis in the reference direction is combined with these, a multilayer film having a layer configuration of (linear polarizer) / (λ / 2 wavelength layer) / (λ / 4 wavelength layer) is obtained. The natural light incident on the linear polarizer side is selectively transmitted only through the linearly polarized light in the linear polarizer, and is further converted into circularly polarized light in the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer, from the λ / 4 wavelength layer side. It is known that the light can be emitted (see JP 2007-004120 A). Therefore, in the spatial display device of the present invention, when the λ / 4 plate (a) is adopted as the λ / 4 plate, the direction of the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer constituting the λ / 4 plate is determined. A good effect of the present invention can be obtained by arranging the image light from the image display unit in a direction that can be changed to circularly polarized light based on the properties.

Specifically, in the spatial display device 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, when the λ / 4 plate (a) is adopted as the λ / 4 plate 122, the λ / 2 wavelength layer is on the lower side (that is, the image display unit). These are arranged so that the image light A11 from 110 is incident on the side) and the λ / 4 wavelength layer is the upper layer. Further, a direction that forms an angle of 90 ° with respect to the direction A42 projected onto the λ / 4 plate 122 as the polarization direction of the image light is a reference direction, and the formula θ _{λ / 4} = 2θ _{λ / 2} +45 with respect to the reference direction. By arranging the direction of the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer so as to be in a direction satisfying or close to °, the image light A11 that is linearly polarized light is converted into image light that is circularly polarized light. It can be converted well to A31.

  More specifically, when the direction in which the polarization direction of the image light is 90 ° with respect to the direction A42 projected onto the λ / 4 plate 122 is a reference direction, the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer The angle with respect to the reference direction is preferably 15 ° ± 5 °, more preferably 15 ° ± 3 °, and particularly preferably 15 ° ± 1 °. The angle of the slow axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer with respect to the reference direction is preferably 75 ° ± 5 °, more preferably 75 ° ± 3 °, and particularly preferably 75 ° ± 1 °. By arranging the λ / 2 wavelength layer and the λ / 4 wavelength layer in this way, they function in the same way as a one-layer λ / 4 plate having a slow axis in the direction of A43, and Such a function can be expressed in a wide wavelength band. In this case, the angle formed by the slow axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer and the slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is preferably 60 ° ± 5 °, more preferably 60 ° ± 3 °, and even more preferably It may be 60 ° ± 5 °.

[5.6. λ / 4 plate (I)]
The λ / 4 plate (A) includes a layer made of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. In the following description, the liquid crystal compound in the λ / 4 plate (b) is “liquid crystal compound (b)”, the material containing the liquid crystal compound (b) is “liquid crystal composition (b)”, and the liquid crystal composition (b) is cured. The layer of the object is sometimes referred to as “liquid crystal cured layer (a)”. However, the term “liquid crystal composition (A)” includes not only a material containing two or more kinds of components but also a material containing only one kind of liquid crystal compound.

  The liquid crystal compound (a) is a compound that can exhibit a liquid crystal phase when blended and aligned in the liquid crystal composition (a). As such a liquid crystal compound (a), a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (a) is usually used. Here, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (a) is a liquid crystal compound (a) that is polymerized in the liquid crystal composition (a) in a state of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase and can be a polymer while maintaining molecular orientation in the liquid crystal phase. ).

  Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (a) include compounds such as a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, a compound capable of forming a side chain type liquid crystal polymer, and a discotic liquid crystal compound, among which visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light are used. A photopolymerizable compound that can be polymerized by irradiation with light such as the like is preferred. Examples of the liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group include JP-A-11-513360, JP-A-2002-030042, JP-A-2004-204190, JP-A-2005-263789, and JP-A-2007-119415. Examples thereof include rod-like liquid crystal compounds having a polymerizable group described in JP-A No. 2007-186430. Moreover, as a side chain type liquid crystal polymer compound, the side chain type liquid crystal polymer compound etc. which are described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-177242 etc. are mentioned, for example. Moreover, when an example of a preferable liquid crystal compound (A) is given as a product name, “LC242” manufactured by BASF may be mentioned. Specific examples of the discotic liquid crystal compound are disclosed in JP-A-8-50206, literature (C. Destrade et al., Mol. Crysr. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 71, page 111 (1981); , Quarterly Review, No. 22, Liquid Crystal Chemistry, Chapter 5, Chapter 10, Section 2 (1994); J. Lehn et al., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., Page 1794 (1985) ); J. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 116, page 2655 (1994)). A liquid crystal compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.

  Especially, as a liquid crystal compound (a), a reverse wavelength dispersion liquid crystal compound is preferable. Here, the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound refers to a liquid crystal compound exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics when homogeneously oriented. Here, the liquid crystal compound is homogeneously aligned means that a layer containing the liquid crystal compound is formed, and the major axis direction of the mesogen of the molecule of the liquid crystal compound in the layer is set in one direction parallel to the plane of the layer. It means that it is oriented. When the liquid crystal compound (a) includes a plurality of types of mesogens having different alignment directions, the direction in which the longest type of mesogen is aligned is the alignment direction. Whether or not the liquid crystal compound is homogeneously aligned and the alignment direction are determined by measuring the slow axis direction using a phase difference meter represented by AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics) and the incident angle in the slow axis direction. It can be confirmed by measuring the retardation distribution for each. By using a reverse wavelength dispersible liquid crystal compound as part or all of the liquid crystal compound (b) contained in the liquid crystal composition (b), a liquid crystal cured layer (b) having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics can be easily obtained. .

  For example, a compound containing a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen bonded to the main chain mesogen in the molecule of the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound is preferably used as the liquid crystal compound (A). More preferably, it is used as a liquid crystal compound. In the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound containing a main chain mesogen and a side chain mesogen, the side chain mesogen can be aligned in a direction different from the main chain mesogen in a state where the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound is aligned. In such a case, birefringence appears as the difference between the refractive index corresponding to the main chain mesogen and the refractive index corresponding to the side chain mesogen, and as a result, when the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound is homogeneously oriented, Inverse chromatic dispersion characteristics can be shown.

  Examples of the reverse wavelength dispersible liquid crystal compound having polymerizability include compounds represented by the following formula (I). In the following description, the compound represented by the formula (I) may be referred to as “compound (I)” as appropriate.

Compound (I) is usually a group represented by the following formula: —Y ⁵ —A ⁴ —Y ³ — (A ² —Y ¹ ) _m —A ¹ — (Y ² —A ³ ) _m —Y ⁴ —. It includes two mesogenic skeletons of a main chain mesogen 1a composed of A ⁵ -Y ^6- and a side chain mesogen 1b composed of a group> A ¹ -C (Q ¹ ) = NN (A ^x ) A ^y . The main chain mesogen 1a and the side chain mesogen 1b cross each other. Although the main chain mesogen 1a and the side chain mesogen 1b can be combined into one mesogen, in the present invention, they are divided into two mesogens.

  The refractive index in the major axis direction of the main chain mesogen 1a is n1, and the refractive index in the major axis direction of the side chain mesogen 1b is n2. At this time, the absolute value and the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index n1 usually depend on the molecular structure of the main chain mesogen 1a. Further, the absolute value and wavelength dispersion of the refractive index n2 usually depend on the molecular structure of the side chain mesogen 1b. Here, in the liquid crystal phase, the reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound normally performs a rotational motion with the major axis direction of the main chain mesogen 1a as the rotation axis, and the refractive indexes n1 and n2 here are the refraction as a rotating body. Represents the rate.

  Due to the molecular structure of the main chain mesogen 1a and the side chain mesogen 1b, the absolute value of the refractive index n1 is larger than the absolute value of the refractive index n2. Furthermore, the refractive indexes n1 and n2 usually show forward wavelength dispersion. Here, the forward wavelength dispersive refractive index represents a refractive index in which the absolute value of the refractive index decreases as the measurement wavelength increases. Since the refractive index n1 of the main chain mesogen 1a has a small forward wavelength dispersion, the refractive index measured at a long wavelength is not significantly smaller than the refractive index measured at a short wavelength. On the other hand, since the refractive index n2 of the side chain mesogen 1b has a large forward wavelength dispersion, the refractive index measured at the long wavelength is significantly smaller than the refractive index measured at the short wavelength. Therefore, when the measurement wavelength is short, the difference Δn between the refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 is small, and when the measurement wavelength is long, the difference Δn between the refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 is large. Thus, derived from main chain mesogen 1a and side chain mesogen 1b, compound (I) can exhibit reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics when homogeneously oriented.

In the formula (I), Y ^{1 to} Y ⁸ are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —. O—, —O—C (═O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—NR ¹ —, or —NR ¹ —O— is represented. Here, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In the formula (I), G ¹ and G ² each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C per one aliphatic group. Even if (═O) —O—, —NR ² —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ² —, —NR ² —, or —C (═O) — are present. Good. However, the case where two or more of -O- or -S- are adjacent to each other is excluded. Here, R < ² > represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group.

In the formula (I), Z ¹ and Z ² each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.

In the formula (I), A ^x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. “Aromatic ring” means a cyclic structure having a broad sense of aromaticity according to the Huckle rule, that is, a cyclic conjugated structure having (4n + 2) π electrons, and sulfur, oxygen, typified by thiophene, furan, benzothiazole, etc. It means a cyclic structure in which a lone electron pair of a hetero atom such as nitrogen is involved in the π-electron system and exhibits aromaticity.

  Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring. Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic ring include monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic rings such as a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrazole ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring; Benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzopyrazole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, thiazolopyridine ring, oxazolopyridine ring, thiazolopyrazine ring, oxazolopyrazine ring, thia And a condensed aromatic heterocycle such as a zolopyridazine ring, an oxazolopyridazine ring, a thiazolopyrimidine ring, and an oxazolopyrimidine ring.

In the formula (I), A ^y is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, which may have a substituent group an alkynyl group having a carbon number of ^{2~20, -C (= O) -R} 3, -SO 2 An organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of —R ⁴ , —C (═S) NH—R ⁹ , or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring; Represent. Here, R ³ has an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent. Or a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or a C5-C12 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. R ⁴ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group. R ⁹ is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon. The C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or the C5-C20 aromatic group which may have a substituent is represented. The aromatic ring which said ^Ax and ^Ay have may have a substituent. A ^x and A ^y may be combined to form a ring.

In the formula (I), A ¹ represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
In the formula (I), A ² and A ³ each independently represent a C 3-30 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
In the formula (I), A ⁴ and A ⁵ each independently represent a C 6-30 divalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
In the formula (I), Q ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
In the formula (I), each m independently represents 0 or 1.

  Examples of the compound (I) include compounds described in International Publication No. 2014/0669515, International Publication No. 2015/064581, and the like.

  Among the liquid crystal compounds (a) described above, those having a benzothiazole ring in the molecule of the liquid crystal compound (a) are preferable from the viewpoint of remarkably exhibiting the desired effect of the present invention, and in particular, side chain mesogens. Those having a benzothiazole ring are preferred. Here, the benzothiazole ring indicates a ring structure having a structure represented by the following formula (II).

  Moreover, liquid crystal compound (I) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.

  The amount of the liquid crystal compound (a) in the liquid crystal composition (a) can be arbitrarily set within a range in which the desired liquid crystal cured layer (a) can be obtained, preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, particularly Preferably it is 10 weight% or more, Preferably it is 100 weight% or less, More preferably, it is 80 weight% or less, Most preferably, it is 60 weight% or less.

  The liquid crystal composition (A) may contain an arbitrary component in combination with the liquid crystal compound (A). Optional components include, for example, polymerization initiators, surfactants, solvents, metals, metal complexes, dyes, pigments, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, gelling agents, polysaccharides, ultraviolet absorbers, Examples include infrared absorbers, antioxidants, ion exchange resins, and metal oxides such as titanium oxide.

The liquid crystal cured layer (a) is a layer formed of a cured product of the liquid crystal composition (a) containing the liquid crystal compound (a), and usually contains cured liquid crystal molecules obtained from the liquid crystal compound (a). Here, the “cured liquid crystal molecule” means a molecule of the compound when the compound capable of exhibiting the liquid crystal phase is turned into a solid while exhibiting the liquid crystal phase. The cured liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal cured layer (a) are usually polymers obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal compound (a). Therefore, the liquid crystal cured layer (A) usually includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal compound (A), and is a resin layer that can include any component as necessary. Such a liquid crystal cured layer (A) can have optical anisotropy corresponding to the alignment state of the cured liquid crystal molecules.
For details on the optional components that can be contained in the liquid crystal composition (a), the method for producing the liquid crystal cured layer (a) by curing the liquid crystal composition (a), and the liquid crystal cured layer (a), Reference may be made to Publication 2015/064581.

  The liquid crystal cured layer (A) preferably has an in-plane retardation of λ / 4 from the viewpoint of realizing the function as a λ / 4 plate. Specifically, the in-plane retardation of the liquid crystal cured layer at a measurement wavelength of 590 nm is preferably 108 nm to 168 nm, more preferably 128 nm to 148 nm, and particularly preferably 133 nm to 143 nm.

Moreover, it is preferable that a liquid crystal cured layer (A) has reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics. Therefore, in the liquid crystal cured layer (A), the in-plane retardations Re ₄₅₀ , Re ₅₅₀ and Re _{650 at} wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm preferably satisfy the relationship of Re ₄₅₀ <Re ₆₅₀ , and Re ₄₅₀ <Re _550. It is more preferable to satisfy the relationship <Re ₆₅₀ . Further, Re ₄₅₀ / Re ₅₅₀ ≦ 0.95 is preferable, and Re ₆₅₀ / Re ₅₅₀ ≧ 1.05 is preferable. Thereby, in a wider wavelength range, the liquid crystal cured layer (A) can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Therefore, it is possible to realize a spatial cover device that can display a stereoscopic image in a wide wavelength band. Thus, the liquid crystal cured layer (a) having reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics can be obtained by using, for example, a reverse wavelength dispersive liquid crystal compound as the liquid crystal compound.

The slow axis of the liquid crystal cured layer (A) can be arranged in a direction in which the liquid crystal cured layer (A) can change the image light from the image display unit to circularly polarized light as a λ / 4 plate.
Specifically, in the spatial display device 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, when the λ / 4 plate (A) is adopted as the λ / 4 plate 122, the polarization direction of the image light is projected onto the λ / 4 plate 122. By arranging the slow axis of the liquid crystal cured layer (a) to be 45 ° or close to the direction A42, the linearly polarized image light A11 is better than the circularly polarized image light A31. Can be converted to

  More specifically, the angle of the slow axis of the liquid crystal cured layer (ii) with respect to the direction A42 in which the polarization direction of the image light is projected onto the λ / 4 plate 122 is preferably 45 ° ± 5 °, more preferably 45 °. ± 3 °, particularly preferably 45 ° ± 1 °.

  The thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer (A) can be appropriately adjusted so that the properties such as retardation can be adjusted within a desired range, preferably 0.5 μm or more, more preferably 1.0 μm or more, and preferably 10 μm or less. Preferably it is 7 micrometers or less, Most preferably, it is 5 micrometers or less.

[6. Application example)
The space display device of the present invention is not limited to the example described above, and can be implemented with any modifications without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention and the equivalents thereof. For example, it may be combined with a component for configuring the space display device described above and a component having another function.

  As a more specific example, the spatial display device may include a detection device that detects the movement of the user's body or the input device operated by the user in or near the region R for displaying a stereoscopic image. With such a detection device, it is possible to detect a user's movement guided by an image displayed as a stereoscopic image.

Information about the detected user action can be used for various purposes. For example, the spatial display device of the present invention can include means for changing the display content of the stereoscopic image based on the detected information regarding the user's motion. With this configuration, interactive display according to the user's operation can be achieved.
In addition, for example, the spatial display device of the present invention further includes a detection device that detects a user's movement and a component as a vending machine that sells an article that operates based on information detected by the detection device. sell. With this configuration, it is possible to realize an apparatus that detects a user's operation for purchasing an article guided by a stereoscopic image displayed in the space, and sells the article according to the detected user's operation.

10: Spatial display device 110: Image display unit 110U: Display surface 111: Display panel 112: Micro lens array 120: Selective reflection film 120D: Lower surface of selective reflection film 121: Cholesteric resin layer 122: λ / 4 plate 130: Recursive Reflector 180: Housing 190: Hood 190B: Back plate 190L: Side plate 190R: Side plate 410: Image 420: Image A11: Image light A12: Image light A13: Image light A14: Transmitted light A21: Observation direction A22: Observation direction A41 : Polarization direction A42: Direction in which the polarization direction of image light is projected onto the λ / 4 plate A43: Direction of the slow axis of the λ / 4 plate A31: Image light A32: Image light A33: Image light C11: Coordinate axis C12: Coordinate axis R : Observation area

Claims (6)

An image display unit comprising a display surface that outputs a perspective inverted stereoscopic image and emits it as image light that is linearly polarized light;
A selective reflection film for specularly reflecting the image light;
A spatial display device comprising a retroreflecting material that retroreflects image light from the selective reflection film,
The selective reflection film transmits the image light retroreflected in the retroreflective material and incident on the selective reflection film, thereby displaying a stereoscopic image in space,
The selective reflection film is
A spatial display device comprising: a resin layer having cholesteric regularity; and a λ / 4 plate provided on a surface of the resin layer having cholesteric regularity on the image display unit side.   The spatial display device according to claim 1, wherein the image display unit includes a microlens array provided on the display surface side.   The resin layer having the cholesteric regularity exhibits reflection having a reflectance of 40% or more and a half-value width of the reflection band of 350 nm or more at at least one wavelength in the visible wavelength band. Spatial display device. The resin layer having the cholesteric regularity is a layer formed by curing a layer of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw),
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (iw) is represented by the following formula (Iw):

[ _Wherein , Y _{1w to} Y _6w are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C. (═O) —O—, —NR ^1w —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —O—C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —NR ^1w —C (= O) —O—, —NR ^1w —C (═O) —NR ^1w —, —O—NR ^1w —, or —NR ^1w —O— is represented. Here, R ^1w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
G _1w and G _2w each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C (═O) —O—, —NR ^2w. —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ^2w —, —NR ^2w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (provided that —O— and —S— are present) Except when two or more adjacent to each other.) Here, R ^2w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Z _1w and Z _2w each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
A _1w and A _2w each independently represent a divalent organic group Aw having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
X _{1w to} X _8w are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an _optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, —OR ^3w , —O—C (= O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —OR ^3w , —O—C (═O) —OR ^3w , —NR ^4w —C (═O) —R ^3w , —C (═O) —NR ^3w R ^4w , or —O—C (═O) —R ^4w , NR ^3w R ^4w is represented. Here, R ^3w and R ^4w represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. When the alkyl group is an alkyl group, the alkyl group includes —O— and —S. -, -O-C (= O)-, -C (= O) -O-, -O-C (= O) -O-, -NR ^5w -C (= O)-, -C (= O ) —NR ^5w —, —NR ^5w —, or —C (═O) — may be present (except when two or more of —O— and —S— are adjacent to each other). . Here, R ^5w represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
aw and bw are each independently 0 or 1. The space display apparatus of any one of Claims 1-3 which is a compound shown by these. The λ / 4 plate includes a λ / 4 wavelength layer and a λ / 2 wavelength layer,
The λ / 4 wavelength layer and the λ / 2 wavelength layer are made of a resin containing an alicyclic structure-containing polymer,
5. The spatial display according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by a slow axis of the λ / 4 wavelength layer and a slow axis of the λ / 2 wavelength layer is 60 ° ± 5 °. apparatus. The λ / 4 plate includes a layer made of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound,
The space display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal compound is a compound represented by the following formula (I).

(In the formula (I),
Y ^{1 to} Y ⁸ are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C. (═O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —NR ¹ —C (= O) —O—, —NR ¹ —C (═O) —NR ¹ —, —O—NR ¹ —, or —NR ¹ —O— is represented. Here, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
G ¹ and G ² each independently represent a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The aliphatic group includes one or more —O—, —S—, —O—C (═O) —, —C (═O) —O—, —O—C per one aliphatic group. Even if (═O) —O—, —NR ² —C (═O) —, —C (═O) —NR ² —, —NR ² —, or —C (═O) — are present. Good. However, the case where two or more of -O- or -S- are adjacent to each other is excluded. Here, R < ² > represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group.
Z ¹ and Z ² each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
A ^x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
A ^y has a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent. A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, —C (═O) —R ³ , —SO ₂ —R ⁴ , —C ( = S) NH-R ⁹ or an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. Here, R ³ has an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituent. Or a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or a C5-C12 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. R ⁴ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a 4-methylphenyl group. R ⁹ is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon. The C3-C12 cycloalkyl group or the C5-C20 aromatic group which may have a substituent is represented. The aromatic ring which said ^Ax and ^Ay have may have a substituent. A ^x and A ^y may be combined to form a ring.
A ¹ represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
A ² and A ³ each independently represent a C 3-30 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
A ⁴ and A ⁵ each independently represent a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
Q ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
m represents 0 or 1 each independently. )

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