JP2018081862A - Manufacturing method for panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method for a panel capable of suppressing a reduction in assemblability of the panel and a mating member due to interposition of a liquid packing, while sealing between respective plates reliably with the liquid packing.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method for an upper panel 67 constituting a part of a casing for housing a cell laminate, and to which a mating member is attached via a fastening member includes: a lamination step of laminating multiple plates 81-83 in a C direction, in a state where a seal member 121 is applied onto at least one matching surface out of matching surfaces of the multiple plates 81-83; a hardening step of hardening the seal member 121. The hardening step is performed while compressing peripheries of fixing holes 93, 95, 96 into which the fastening member is inserted, out of the multiple plates 81-83.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a panel.

  A fuel cell stack mounted on a vehicle or the like includes a cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells, and a casing that stores the cell stack (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below). .

The casing includes a pair of end plates that sandwich the cell stack from both sides in the stacking direction, and a panel that spans between the pair of end plates and surrounds the periphery of the cell stack.
A plurality of panels are provided corresponding to each side of the end plate. The panel described in the following Patent Document 1 is configured by laminating a plurality of plates. Thereby, compared with the case where a panel is comprised with one thick board, the weight reduction and cost reduction of a casing are achieved. And the casing mentioned above is comprised because the adjacent panels and each panel and each side of an end plate are fastened by a fastening member.

JP 2014-216268 A

By the way, in the conventional fuel cell stack, the reaction gas (fuel gas or oxidant gas) flowing through the cell stack may leak out of the cell stack through gaps between the unit cells. In this case, the reaction gas leaked to the outside of the cell stack may flow into the gap between the plurality of plates in the panel, and then leak to the outside of the casing through the fixing hole of the fastening member described above.
In particular, the panel may be connected to an exhaust duct for discharging the reaction gas that flows out of the cell stack and exists in the casing to the outside of the vehicle. In this case, the reactive gas easily flows into the gaps between the plurality of plates while flowing into the duct through the opening formed in the panel. As a result, the reaction gas can escape from an unexpected location in the casing.

  On the other hand, a sealing member such as a liquid packing may be interposed between the plates constituting the panel. However, when the sealing material enters the fixing hole of the fastening member or is interposed around the fixing hole, there is a possibility that problems such as deterioration of the assembly of the panel may occur.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and the assembly between the panel and the mating member due to the interposition of the liquid packing after reliably sealing between the plates with the liquid packing. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the panel which can suppress a fall.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is a cell stack in which a plurality of fuel cells (for example, unit cell 2 in the embodiment) are stacked (for example, cell stack 3 in the embodiment). And a counterpart member (for example, end plates 61, 62 in the embodiment) via a fastening member (for example, fastening member 94 in the embodiment). A method for manufacturing a panel (for example, the upper panel 67 in the embodiment) to which the front panel 65, the rear panel 66, the exhaust duct 110, and the VCU 202) are attached, and a mating surface of a plurality of plates (for example, the plates 81 to 83 in the embodiment) (For example, 81a, 82a, 82b, 83a in the embodiment) A laminating step of laminating the plurality of plates in the first direction with a liquid packing (for example, the seal member 121 in the embodiment) applied on one of the mating surfaces, and a curing step of curing the liquid packing In the curing step, the periphery of a fixing hole (for example, the fixing holes 93, 95, 96 in the embodiment) through which the fastening member is inserted is pressed in the first direction among the plurality of plates. Perform in the state.

  In the invention described in claim 2, in the curing step, a pressurizing fastening member (for example, the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152 in the embodiment) is inserted into the fixing hole, and the plurality of pressurizing fastening members are used to insert the plurality of pressurizing fastening members. The plate may be fastened.

  In the invention described in claim 3, the plurality of plates include an outer plate (for example, the outer plate 83 in the embodiment) constituting the outer surface of the casing and an inner plate (for example, the embodiment) constituting the inner surface of the casing. An intermediate plate (e.g., intermediate plate 82 in the embodiment) that is interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate and has a thickness in the first direction that is greater than that of the outer plate and the inner plate. Among the fixing holes, the intermediate fixing hole formed in the intermediate plate is a female screw hole communicating with the outer fixing hole formed in the outer plate, and the mating member is formed of the casing. It can be attached to the outer surface, and in the curing step, the intermediate fixing hole is inserted into the intermediate fixing hole through the outer fixing hole. Pressure fastening member may be performed by screwing.

  In the invention described in claim 4, in the curing step, a spacer (for example, spacers 155, 156, 160 in the embodiment) is sandwiched between the plates and the outer plate constituting the outer surface of the casing. The plurality of plates may be fastened.

  In the invention described in claim 5, a plurality of the fixing holes are formed at intervals, and the pressurizing holes are provided in a state where the spacers are sandwiched between the fixing holes and the outer surface of the outer plate. Each of the fastening members is inserted, and the spacer includes a plurality of mounting portions (for example, mounting portions 161 in the embodiment) that are individually mounted on the pressurizing fastening member, and a connecting portion that connects the plurality of mounting portions ( For example, you may have the connection part 162) in embodiment.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the liquid packing can be cured in a state where the load is concentrated in the first direction with respect to the peripheral region of the fixed hole among the plurality of plates. Therefore, when the liquid packing is crushed between the plates and spreads in the in-plane direction of each plate, the liquid packing can be prevented from entering the fixing hole. Thereby, between each plate can be reliably sealed by liquid packing, and it can suppress that the reactive gas which entered the inner space of the panel leaks from an unexpected place.
In particular, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the assembling property between the panel and the mating member due to the liquid packing interposed. That is, by suppressing the liquid packing from entering the fixing hole, the fastening member can smoothly enter the fixing hole. Moreover, since the peripheral areas of the fixing holes in each plate are in direct contact with each other, a tightening load can be reliably applied between the panel and the mating member, and the panel and the mating member are firmly fixed. it can.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reliably suppress the liquid packing from entering the fixing hole by fastening the plate using the fixing hole. As a result, the above-described effects are significantly improved.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, the liquid packing can be prevented from entering the fixing hole by screwing the pressurizing fastening member into the fixing hole for attaching the mating member to the outer surface of the panel. Thereby, the assembly | attachment property of the other party member attached to the outer surface of a panel can be improved.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, by appropriately changing the shape of the spacer, it is possible to effectively apply a tightening load to a desired range of the panel regardless of the shape of the head of the pressurizing fastening member. it can. In this case, for example, by forming the spacer in accordance with the shape of the mating member that contacts the outer plate, a tightening load can be reliably applied between the panel and the mating member.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, since the spacer (mounting portion) can be interposed between each pressurizing fastening member and the outer plate, the manufacturing efficiency can be improved.

1 is a schematic perspective view showing a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the unit cell shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to line IV-IV in FIG. 2. It is a disassembled perspective view of the upper panel which concerns on 1st Embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line VI-VI in FIG. 5. It is sectional drawing corresponded in the VII-VII line of FIG. It is a top view of an inner side plate. It is process drawing for demonstrating a 1st fastening process, Comprising: It is sectional drawing corresponding to FIG. It is process drawing for demonstrating a hardening process, Comprising: It is a top view of an upper panel. It is process drawing for demonstrating a hardening process, Comprising: It is an expansion perspective view of an upper panel. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7 in a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment. It is a fragmentary top view of the upper panel which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
[Fuel cell vehicle]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a fuel cell vehicle 200 (hereinafter simply referred to as a vehicle 200) on which the fuel cell stack 1 of the first embodiment is mounted.
As shown in FIG. 1, a motor room 201 is defined at the front portion of the vehicle 200. The motor room 201 is located in front of the passenger compartment with a dashboard (not shown) interposed therebetween. In the motor room 201, a fuel cell stack 1 and a VCU 202, an ECU (not shown), a drive motor, a battery, and other auxiliary machines are stored. Note that the fuel cell stack 1 may be mounted under the floor of the vehicle 200, at the rear of the vehicle 200, or the like.

  The fuel cell stack 1 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The fuel cell stack 1 is mounted in the motor room 201 such that the A direction in the figure is the width direction of the vehicle 200, the B direction is the front-rear direction of the vehicle 200, and the C direction is the vertical direction of the vehicle 200, for example. . The fuel cell stack 1 is electrically connected to the above-described drive motor, battery, and the like. The fuel cell stack 1 generates power by causing an electrochemical reaction of a reaction gas (oxidant gas or fuel gas) supplied into the fuel cell stack 1. The fuel cell stack 1 supplies the generated power to a battery and a drive motor.

  The VCU 202 is loaded above the fuel cell stack 1. The VCU 202 is electrically connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the battery. The VCU 202 receives and manages the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 in accordance with a command output from the ECU. The ECU detects an output request to the fuel cell stack 1 based on a brake operation, an accelerator operation, or the like. The ECU comprehensively controls the fuel cell stack 1 such as the amount of reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 based on the detection result of the output request.

<Fuel cell stack>
Next, the fuel cell stack 1 will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell stack 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell stack 1 mainly includes a cell stack 3 and a casing 4 that houses the cell stack 3.
The cell stack 3 is configured by stacking a plurality of unit cells (fuel cell) 2 in the A direction. In the following description, in the A direction, the B direction, and the C direction described above, the direction approaching the center portion of the cell stack 3 is referred to as the inside, and the direction away from the center portion of the cell stack 3 is referred to as the outside. is there.

<Unit cell>
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the unit cell 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the unit cell 2 includes, for example, a pair of separators 21 and 22, and a membrane electrode structure 23 (hereinafter simply referred to as MEA 23) sandwiched between the separators 21 and 22. . The MEA 23 includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31, and an anode electrode 32 and a cathode electrode 33 that sandwich the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 from both sides in the A direction.
The anode electrode 32 and the cathode electrode 33 are a gas diffusion layer made of carbon paper or the like, and an electrode catalyst layer formed by uniformly applying porous carbon particles having a platinum alloy supported on the surface to the surface of the gas diffusion layer. And have.
The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 is made of, for example, a material obtained by impregnating a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer with water. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 has a larger front view profile as viewed from the A direction than the anode electrode 32 and the cathode electrode 33. In the example of FIG. 3, an anode electrode 32 and a cathode electrode 33 are superimposed on the central portion of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31. The outer periphery of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 protrudes in a frame shape with respect to the anode electrode 32 and the cathode electrode 33.

  The separators 21 and 22 of the unit cell 2 are a first separator 21 arranged on the anode electrode 32 side of the MEA 23 and a second separator 22 arranged on the cathode electrode 33 side of the MEA 23. In the following description, the same components in the separators 21 and 22 will be described with the same reference numerals.

Each separator 21, 22 has a separator plate 35 and a covering member 36 that covers the outer periphery of the separator plate 35.
The separator plate 35 is configured by a rectangular metal plate, a carbon plate, or the like whose longitudinal direction is the B direction. In the example of FIG. 2, the separator plate 35 is formed in the same shape as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 in front view. The separator plate 35 overlaps the MEA 23 when viewed from the A direction.

4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line IV-IV in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the covering member 36 is formed of an elastically deformable material (for example, rubber). The covering member 36 is in close contact with the outer periphery of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 31 in the A direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, at each corner of the unit cell 2, an inlet gas communication hole (oxidant gas inlet communication hole 41i and fuel gas inlet communication hole 42i) and an outlet gas communication hole (oxidant gas outlet communication hole) are provided. 41o and a fuel gas outlet communication hole 42o). Each communication hole 41i, 41o, 42i, 42o penetrates the unit cell 2 in the A direction. In the example shown in FIG. 3, an oxidant gas inlet communication hole 41 i for supplying an oxidant gas (for example, air) is formed in the upper right corner of the unit cell 2. A fuel gas inlet communication hole 42 i for supplying fuel gas (for example, hydrogen or the like) is formed in the lower right corner of the unit cell 2. Further, an oxidant gas outlet communication hole 41o for discharging the used oxidant gas is formed in the lower left corner of the unit cell 2. A fuel gas outlet communication hole 42o for discharging used fuel gas is formed in the upper left corner of the unit cell 2.

In the unit cell 2, a refrigerant inlet communication hole 43i is formed in a portion located inside the B direction with respect to the inlet communication holes 41i and 42i.
In the unit cell 2, a refrigerant outlet communication hole 43o is formed in a portion located inside the B direction with respect to the outlet communication holes 41o and 42o. Note that the pair of refrigerant inlet communication holes 43i and the pair of refrigerant outlet communication holes 43o are disposed at positions facing each other in the C direction with the anode electrode 32 and the cathode electrode 33 interposed therebetween.

The central part of each separator 21, 22 (separator plate 35) is formed in an uneven shape by press molding or the like. The surfaces of the separators 21 and 22 that face the MEA 23 in the A direction form gas flow paths 45 and 46 between the MEA 23 and the MEA 23, respectively.
Specifically, a fuel gas channel 45 is formed between the surface of the first separator 21 facing the anode electrode 32 and the anode electrode 32 of the MEA 23. The fuel gas channel 45 communicates with the fuel gas inlet communication hole 42i and the fuel gas outlet communication hole 42o, respectively.
An oxidant gas flow path 46 is formed between the surface of the second separator 22 facing the cathode electrode 33 and the cathode electrode 33 of the MEA 23. The oxidant gas channel 46 communicates with the oxidant gas inlet communication hole 41i and the oxidant gas outlet communication hole 41o, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the cell stack 3, the first separator 21 of one unit cell 2 and the second separator 22 of another unit cell 2 adjacent to one unit cell 2 are overlapped. Thus, they are stacked in the A direction. A refrigerant channel 55 is formed between the first separator 21 of one unit cell 2 and the second separator 22 of another unit cell 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the refrigerant flow passage 55 communicates with the refrigerant inlet communication hole 43i and the refrigerant outlet communication hole 43o, respectively. In addition, as a refrigerant | coolant which distribute | circulates the refrigerant | coolant flow path 55, a pure water, ethylene glycol, etc. are used suitably, for example.

  Note that the stacked structure of the unit cells 2 is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, a unit cell may be constituted by three separators and two MEAs sandwiched between the separators. In addition, the design of the layout of each communication hole can be changed as appropriate.

<Casing>
As shown in FIG. 2, the casing 4 is formed in a box shape that is slightly larger than the cell stack 3. Specifically, the casing 4 connects the first end plate 61 and the second end plate 62 that sandwich the cell stack 3 from both sides in the A direction, and the opposite sides of the end plates 61 and 62 in the A direction. First and second connection bars 63 and 64, and a side panel 60 surrounding the periphery of the cell stack 3 are provided.

  The end plates 61 and 62 are formed in a rectangular shape whose front view outer shape is larger than that of the unit cell 2. The first end plate 61 is disposed on one side of the cell stack 3 in the A direction with the first terminal plate 71 and the first insulator 72 sandwiched between the cell stack 3 and the first end plate 61.

  The first end plate 61 includes a gas inlet hole (oxidant gas inlet hole 73i and fuel gas inlet hole 74i) and a gas outlet hole (oxidant gas outlet hole 73o and fuel gas) that penetrate the first end plate 61 in the A direction. An outlet hole 74o) is formed. The gas inlet holes 73i and 74i communicate with the above-described gas inlet communication holes 41i and 42i through gas inlet connection holes (not shown) formed in the first terminal plate 71 and the first insulator 72, respectively. The gas outlet holes 73o and 74o communicate with the gas outlet communication holes 41o and 42o described above through gas outlet connection holes (not shown) formed in the first terminal plate 71 and the first insulator 72, respectively. The first end plate 61 has an output terminal 71a projecting outward from the first terminal plate 71 in the A direction through the A direction.

  The second end plate 62 is disposed on the other side in the A direction with respect to the cell stack 3 with the second terminal plate 73 and the second insulator 74 sandwiched between the second end plate 62 and the cell stack 3.

  The second end plate 62 is formed with a refrigerant inlet hole (not shown) and a refrigerant outlet hole (not shown) penetrating the second end plate 62 in the A direction. The refrigerant inlet hole communicates with the above-described refrigerant inlet communication hole 43 i through a refrigerant inlet connection hole (not shown) formed in the second terminal plate 73 and the second insulator 74. The refrigerant outlet hole communicates with the above-described refrigerant outlet communication hole 43o through a refrigerant outlet connection hole (not shown) formed in the second terminal plate 73 and the second insulator 74. The second end plate 62 has an output terminal 73a protruding in the A direction from the second terminal plate 73 and protruding outward in the A direction.

  The first connection bar 63 and the second connection bar 64 are formed in a plate shape extending along the A direction. The connecting bars 63 and 64 are fastened to the end plates 61 and 62 by fastening members 77 in a state where both end faces in the A direction are abutted with inner end faces in the A direction of the end plates 61 and 62, respectively. Specifically, the first connection bar 63 connects the long side portions of the end plates 61 and 62 to both sides of the cell stack 3 in the C direction. The second connection bar 64 connects the short side portions of the end plates 61 and 62 to both sides of the cell stack 3 in the B direction. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of each connection bar | burr 63 and 64 can be suitably changed, such as rectangular shape and circular shape.

  The side panel 60 surrounds the cell stack 3, the end plates 61 and 62, the connecting bars 63 and 64, the terminal plates 71 and 73, and the insulators 72 and 74 from the outside in the B direction and the outside in the C direction. Therefore, the above-described cell laminate 3, terminal plates 71 and 73, insulators 72 and 74, and the like are accommodated inside the space defined by the side panel 60 and the end plates 61 and 62.

  The side panel 60 includes a plurality of (four) panels 65 to 68 disposed corresponding to the sides of the end plates 61 and 62. The panels 65 to 68 of the present embodiment are a front panel 65, a rear panel 66, an upper panel 67 and a lower panel 68.

The front panel 65 is formed in a plate shape that covers the cell stack 3 and the like from one side in the B direction (front of the vehicle 200). Both end portions of the front panel 65 in the A direction are fastened to end faces of the end plates 61 and 62 facing one of the B directions.
The rear panel 66 is formed in a plate shape that covers the cell stack 3 and the like from the other side in the B direction (rear of the vehicle 200). Both end portions in the A direction of the rear panel 66 are respectively fastened to end faces of the end plates 61 and 62 facing the other in the B direction. The front panel 65 and the rear panel 66 can be formed by, for example, extrusion molding, casting, machining, or the like.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the upper panel 67.
As shown in FIG. 5, the upper panel 67 covers the cell stack 3 and the like from one side in the C direction (above the vehicle 200). The upper panel 67 is configured by laminating a plurality of plates 81 to 83 in the C direction. In the present embodiment, the upper panel 67 is configured by laminating an inner plate 81, an intermediate plate 82, and an outer plate 83 in order from the other in the C direction. The upper panel 67 may be configured by laminating two or four or more plates.

  The inner plate 81 constitutes the inner surface of the upper panel 67 (casing 4). The inner plate 81 is formed in a concavo-convex shape following the shape of one end surface in the C direction of the end plates 61 and 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 by press forming the plate material. For example, at both ends in the B direction of the inner plate 81, stepped portions 86 are formed that are recessed in the other in the C direction as compared to the central portion in the B direction. The inner plate 81 is formed with beads 87 extending so as to connect the diagonals of the inner plate 81, for example. However, the position and shape of the bead 87 can be changed as appropriate.

  The inner plate 81 has an inner communication hole 89 that passes through the inner plate 81 in the C direction. A plurality of inner communication holes 89 are formed on the inner plate 81 at intervals. The number and position of the inner communication holes 89 can be changed as appropriate.

  The intermediate plate 82 is formed in a strip shape extending in the A direction. The intermediate plate 82 of the present embodiment is thicker in the C direction than the inner plate 81 and narrower in the B direction than the inner plate 81. The intermediate plate 82 is accommodated in each stepped portion 86 of the inner plate 81. The intermediate plate 82 is joined to the inner plate 81 by welding (for example, spot welding, MIG welding, TIG welding) or the like.

  Of the intermediate plates 82, for example, the intermediate plate 82 located on one side in the B direction may be formed with a communication groove 91 that communicates with the inner communication hole 89 described above. Further, the shape of the intermediate plate 82 can be changed as appropriate. For example, the intermediate plate 82 may be formed in a frame shape that extends along the outer peripheral portions of the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83.

  The outer plate 83 constitutes the outer surface of the upper panel 67 (casing 4). Specifically, the outer plate 83 is formed by pressing a plate material having a plan view outer shape viewed from the C direction equivalent to the outer shape of the inner plate 81 and thinner than the intermediate plate 82. For example, the outer plate 83 is formed with beads 90 extending so as to connect the diagonals of the outer plate 83, for example. However, the position and shape of the bead 90 can be changed as appropriate.

  The outer plate 83 is overlapped with the inner plate 81 in the C direction at both ends in the B direction with the intermediate plate 82 interposed between the outer plate 83 and the inner plate 81. In this case, a portion of the outer plate 83 that is superimposed on the intermediate plate 82 is joined to the intermediate plate 82 by welding or the like. The portion of the outer plate 83 that is overlapped with the inner plate 81 is joined to the inner plate 81 by welding or the like. In the present embodiment, the inner spaces of the upper panel 67 defined by the plates 81 to 83 are closed by the plates 81 to 83 coming into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the upper panel 67. In addition, the joining area | region of each plate 81-83 can be changed suitably. Moreover, you may fix each plate 81-83 by methods other than welding.

  An outer communication hole 92 that penetrates the outer plate 83 in the C direction is formed at one end of the outer plate 83 in the B direction. The outer communication hole 92 communicates with the inner space of the upper panel 67 through the communication groove 91 described above. That is, the outer communication hole 92 communicates the inside and outside of the casing 4 through the communication groove 91 and the inner communication hole 89.

  A panel fixing hole 93 that penetrates the upper panel 67 in the C direction is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the upper panel 67. A plurality of panel fixing holes 93 are formed at intervals in the outer peripheral portion of the upper panel 67. Of the panel fixing holes 93, first fixing holes 93a formed at both ends in the A direction of the upper panel are formed by connecting through holes that penetrate the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83 in the C direction. On the other hand, among the panel fixing holes 93, the second fixing holes 93b located at both ends in the B direction of the upper panel 67 are connected with through holes that respectively penetrate the inner plate 81, the intermediate plate 82, and the outer plate 83 in the C direction. Is formed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the upper panel 67 is configured so that the outer peripheral portion of the inner plate 81 is abutted against the end plates 61, 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 from one side in the C direction. 65, and fastened to the rear panel 66 by a fastening member 94. In this case, the fastening member 94 is screwed into the female screw holes of the end plates 61 and 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 through the panel fixing hole 93.

As shown in FIG. 5, a duct fixing hole 95 is formed in a portion located on both sides in the A direction with respect to the outer communication hole 92 at one end portion in the B direction of the upper panel 67. The duct fixing hole 95 is formed by connecting a through hole (outer fixing hole) formed in the outer plate 83 and a female screw hole (intermediate fixing hole) formed in the intermediate plate 82 in the C direction.
Further, VCU fixing holes 96 are formed at both ends of the upper panel 67 in the B direction. The VCU fixing hole 96 is formed by connecting a through hole (outer fixing hole) formed in the outer plate 83 and a female screw hole (intermediate fixing hole) formed in the intermediate plate 82 in the C direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the lower panel 68 covers the cell stack 3 and the like from the other side in the C direction (below the vehicle 200). The lower panel 68 is configured by laminating an inner plate 100, an intermediate plate 101, and an outer plate 102 in the C direction, similarly to the upper panel 67 described above. Therefore, in the lower panel 68, about the structure similar to the upper panel 67 mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The lower panel 68 is a fastening member to the end plates 61, 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 in a state where the outer peripheral portion of the inner plate 100 is abutted against the end plates 61, 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 from the other side in the C direction. It is fastened by 105. In this case, the fastening member 105 is screwed into the female screw holes of the end plates 61 and 62, the front panel 65, and the rear panel 66 through the panel fixing hole 93. The end plates 61 and 62 and the side panel 60 are combined to form the casing 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the above-described upper panel 67 is connected to an exhaust duct 110 that discharges reaction gas existing in the casing 4 to the outside of the vehicle. Two exhaust ducts 110 of the present embodiment are provided corresponding to the outer communication holes 92 described above. However, the number and mounting positions of the exhaust ducts 110 can be changed as appropriate.

  The first end portion of each exhaust duct 110 is fastened to the upper panel 67 by a duct fastening member (not shown) in a state where, for example, the flange portion 110a is superimposed on the upper panel 67 (outer plate 83). In this case, the duct fastening member is screwed into the duct fixing hole 95 through a through hole (not shown) formed in the flange portion. Each exhaust duct 110 communicates with the inside of the casing 4 through each outer communication hole 92.

  On the other hand, the second end of each exhaust duct 110 extends to the outside in the vehicle width direction (A direction) in the motor room 201 and is then connected to both sides of the vehicle 200. Each exhaust duct 110 communicates with the outside of the vehicle through exhaust ports (not shown) formed on both sides of the vehicle 200. The position of the exhaust port can be changed as appropriate.

  The lower panel 68 is connected to an intake duct (not shown) for introducing outside air into the casing 4. A first end of the intake duct communicates with the inside of the casing 4 through an intake port (not shown) formed in the lower panel 68. On the other hand, the second end of the intake duct is connected to the side of the vehicle 200. The intake duct communicates with the outside of the vehicle through an intake port formed in a side portion of the vehicle 200.

  As described above, the VCU 202 is loaded above the fuel cell stack 1 (one in the C direction) as described above. The VCU 202 is fastened to the upper panel 67 by a VCU fastening member (not shown) via legs (not shown) extending from the VCU 202. In this case, the VCU fastening member is screwed into the VCU fixing hole 96 through a through hole formed in the leg portion.

6 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line VI-VI in FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the line VII-VII in FIG.
Here, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, a seal member 121 is interposed between the plates 81 to 83 in the outer peripheral portion of the upper panel 67 described above. The seal member 121 is formed in a frame shape extending over the entire outer periphery of the upper panel 67. The seal member 121 is a liquid packing. In the present embodiment, for example, a silicon-based material is suitably used for the seal member 121.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the seal member 121 has first seal portions 123 located at both end portions in the A direction of the upper panel 67. The first seal portion 123 extends linearly along the B direction between the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83. Further, in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 6, the seal member 121 gradually decreases in thickness in the C direction from the inner side to the outer side in the A direction.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the inner plate 81.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the first seal portion 123 has both mating surfaces 81 a and 83 a of the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83 (contacts located at both ends in the A direction on the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83. The inner end portion in the A direction on the surface) is formed in a region avoiding the periphery of the first fixing hole 93a described above. Thus, the space between the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83 is sealed at both end portions in the A direction of the upper panel 67. In the example of FIG. 6, a part of the first seal portion 123 protrudes inward in the A direction from the mating surfaces 81 a and 83 a of the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the seal member 121 has second seal portions 124 and 125 located at both ends in the B direction of the upper panel 67. The second seal portions 124 and 125 are a second inner seal portion 124 interposed between the inner plate 81 and the intermediate plate 82, and a second outer seal portion 125 interposed between the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second inner seal portion 124 extends linearly along the A direction between the inner plate 81 and the intermediate plate 82. Specifically, the second inner seal portion 124 is an inner end portion in the B direction on the mating surfaces 81a and 82a of the inner plate 81 and the intermediate plate 82, and surrounds the fixing holes 93b, 95, and 96 described above. It is formed in the avoided area. In the example shown in FIG. 7, a part of the second inner seal portion 124 protrudes inward in the B direction from the mating surfaces 81 a and 82 a of the inner plate 81 and the intermediate plate 82.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second outer seal portion 125 extends linearly along the A direction between the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83. Specifically, the second outer seal portion 125 is an inner end portion in the B direction of the mating surfaces 82b and 83a of the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83, and surrounds the fixing holes 93b, 95, and 96 described above. It is formed in the avoided area. Accordingly, the plates 81 to 83 are sealed at both ends of the upper panel 67 in the B direction. In the example shown in FIG. 7, a part of the second outer seal portion 125 protrudes inward in the B direction from the mating surfaces 82 b and 83 a of the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83.

  In addition, the formation region of each seal member 121 can be appropriately changed as long as at least the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 are avoided. For example, in the present embodiment, the configuration in which the seal member 121 is formed only in the inner region with respect to the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 on each mating surface has been described. , 95, 96, the seal member 121 may be formed in the outer region. In the present embodiment, the configuration in which the seal member 121 continuously extends has been described. However, the configuration is not limited to this configuration, and the seal member 121 may be intermittently extended. Further, it is more preferable that the seal member 121 avoids at least the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 in a plan view as viewed from the C direction.

  In the lower panel 68 described above, a seal member can be interposed between the plates 100 to 102.

[Method for manufacturing upper panel]
Next, a method for manufacturing the above-described upper panel 67 will be described.
The manufacturing method of the upper panel 67 of this embodiment mainly has an application | coating process, a lamination process, a hardening process, and a joining process.

  As shown in FIG. 5, first, in the application step, the seal member 121 is applied to the mating surfaces 81 a, 82 a, 82 b, 83 a of the plates 81 to 83 that constitute the upper panel 67. Specifically, at both ends of the upper panel 67 in the A direction, along the B direction, on the inner surfaces 81a and 83a of the inner plate 81 and the outer plate 83, in the region inside the A direction from the first fixing hole 93a. The first seal portion 123 is applied linearly. On the other hand, at both ends of the upper panel 67 in the B direction, in the mating surfaces 81a, 82a of the inner plate 81 and the intermediate plate 82, in the region inside the B direction with respect to the fixing holes 93b, 95, 96 described above, in the A direction. The second inner seal portion 124 is applied in a line along the line. Further, in the mating surfaces 82b and 83a of the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83, the second outer seal portion is linearly formed along the A direction in the region inside the B direction with respect to the fixing holes 93b, 95 and 96 described above. 125 is applied. The sealing member 121 may be applied to at least one of the mating surfaces facing in the C direction.

  Subsequently, in the laminating process, the plates 81 to 83 to which the seal member 121 is applied in the applying process are stacked in the C direction. Specifically, the intermediate plate 82 is stacked on each stepped portion 86 of the inner plate 81. Thereafter, the outer plate 83 is stacked on the inner plate 81 with the intermediate plate 82 interposed therebetween.

  Next, in the curing step, the seal member 121 is cured while pressing the plates 81 to 83 in the C direction. In the curing process of the present embodiment, the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152 are respectively inserted into the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 described above, and the plurality of plates 81 to 83 are fastened by the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152. Do it. The curing process of the present embodiment includes a first fastening process, a second fastening process, and a third fastening process.

FIG. 9 is a process diagram for explaining the first fastening process, and is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 9, in the first fastening step, the plates 81 to 83 are fastened together using a first pressurizing fastening member 150. In the first fastening step, first, the first spacer 155 is extrapolated to the bolt 150 a of the first pressurizing fastening member 150. The first spacer 155 is a cylindrical member made of metal or the like. In the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the first spacer 155 is larger than the head of the bolt 150a.

  In the first fastening step, the bolt 150a is inserted into the panel fixing hole 93 from the outer side in the C direction (through hole of the outer plate 83) in a state where the first spacer 155 described above is extrapolated to the bolt 150a. Then, the nut 150b is screwed to the tip of the bolt 150a (the part protruding from the through hole of the inner plate 81).

FIG. 10 is a process diagram for explaining the curing process, and is a plan view of the upper panel 67. FIG. 11 is a process diagram for explaining the curing process, and is an enlarged perspective view of the upper panel 67.
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the second fastening step, the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83 are fastened using the second pressurizing fastening member 151. In the second fastening step, first, the second spacer 156 is extrapolated to the second pressurizing fastening member 151. Then, in a state where the second spacer 156 described above is extrapolated to the second pressurizing fastening member 151, the second pressurizing fastening member 151 from the outside in the C direction (through hole of the outer plate 83) into the duct fixing hole 95. Is inserted. And the front-end | tip part of the 2nd pressurization fastening member 151 is screwed by the duct fixing hole 95 (female screw hole of the intermediate | middle plate 82).

  In the third fastening step, the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83 are fastened using the third pressurizing fastening member 152. In the third fastening step, first, the third spacer 160 is attached to each third pressurizing fastening member 152. The third spacer 160 of the present embodiment includes a mounting portion 161 that is extrapolated to each third pressurizing fastening member 152 and a connecting portion 162 that connects the mounting portions 161 to each other. Each mounting part 161 and connecting part 162 are integrally formed of metal or the like.

  In the third fastening step, first, the mounting portion 161 of the third spacer 160 is extrapolated to each third pressurizing fastening member 152. Thereafter, in a state where the mounting portion 161 of the third spacer 160 described above is inserted, the third pressurizing fastening member 152 is inserted into the VCU fixing hole 96 from the outer side in the C direction (through hole of the outer plate 83). Then, the tip of the third pressurizing fastening member 152 is screwed into the VCU fixing hole 96 (the female screw hole of the intermediate plate 82).

  And the sealing member 121 is hardened in the state which fastened each fastening member 150-152 for pressurization. Accordingly, the seal member 121 is cured in a state where the plates 81 to 83 are pressurized in the C direction by the tightening load (axial force). In particular, in this embodiment, since a clamping load is applied to each of the plates 81 to 83 via the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152, a region around each of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 among the plates 81 to 83 is provided. The tightening load is concentrated. In addition, the shape of each spacer 155,156,160 can be changed suitably. For example, like the third spacer 160, the first spacers 155 and the second spacers 156 may be integrally formed.

Thereafter, in the joining step, the plates 81 to 83 are joined together by welding or the like. Subsequently, the pressing fastening members 150 to 152 are removed from the upper panel 67 together with the spacers 155, 156 and 160.
Thus, the upper panel 67 is completed.

Here, in the present embodiment, in the curing step, the seal member 121 is cured in a state where the periphery of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 is pressurized in the C direction.
According to this configuration, the seal member 121 can be cured in a state in which the tightening load is concentrated on the peripheral region of each of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 among the plates 81 to 83. Therefore, when the seal member 121 (liquid packing) is crushed between the plates 81 to 83 and spreads in the in-plane directions (A direction and B direction) of the plates 81 to 83, the fixing holes 93, 95, It is possible to suppress the seal member 121 from entering the inside 96. Thereby, between each plate 81-83 can be reliably sealed by the sealing member 121, and it can suppress that the reactive gas which entered the inner space of the upper panel 67 leaks from the unexpected place.
In particular, in the present embodiment, the ease of assembly between the upper panel 67 and the counterpart member (the end plates 61 and 62, the front panel 65, the rear panel 66, the exhaust duct 110, the VCU 202, etc.) due to the sealing member 121 being interposed is reduced. Can be suppressed. That is, by suppressing the seal member 121 from entering the fixing holes 93, 95, 96, the fastening member (for example, the fastening member 94) can smoothly enter the fixing holes 93, 95, 96. it can. Moreover, since the peripheral area | region of each fixing hole 93,95,96 will contact | adhere directly without a sealing member among each plate 81-83, a clamping load is reliably ensured between the upper panel 67 and the other member. The upper panel 67 and the mating member can be firmly fixed.

In the present embodiment, in the curing step, the plates 81 to 83 are fastened by the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152 inserted into the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96.
According to this configuration, by fastening the plates 81 to 83 using the fixing holes 93, 95, 96, it is possible to reliably suppress the seal member 121 from entering the fixing holes 93, 95, 96. As a result, the above-described effects are significantly improved.

  In the present embodiment, the fixing holes 95, 96 are screwed into the fixing holes 95, 96 for attaching a mating member (for example, the exhaust duct 110 or the VCU 202) to the outside of the fuel cell stack 1, thereby fixing the fixing holes 95, It is possible to suppress the seal member 121 from entering the inside 96. Thereby, the assembly | attachment property of the other member attached to the exterior of the fuel cell stack 1 can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the plates 81 to 83 are fastened with the spacers 155, 156 and 160 sandwiched between the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152 and the outer plate 83.
According to this configuration, by appropriately changing the shapes of the spacers 155, 156, and 160, the tightening load can be effectively applied to the desired range of the upper panel 67 regardless of the shape of the heads of the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152. Can be granted. In this case, for example, by forming the spacers 155, 156, and 160 according to the shape of the mating member that contacts the outer plate 83, a tightening load can be reliably applied between the upper panel 67 and the mating member.

In the present embodiment, the third spacer 160 includes a mounting portion 161 that is extrapolated to each of the third pressurizing fastening members 152 and a connecting portion 162 that integrally connects the mounting portions 161 to each other.
According to this configuration, since the third spacer 160 can be interposed between each third pressurizing fastening member 152 and the outer plate 83, the manufacturing efficiency can be improved.

  And since the fuel cell stack 1 of this embodiment is provided with the upper panel 67 manufactured by the manufacturing method mentioned above, after sealing between each plate 81-83 with the sealing member 121 reliably, the sealing member 121 is attached. It is possible to suppress a decrease in assembling property between the upper panel 67 and the mating member due to the interposition.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the following description, FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7 in the fuel cell stack 300 according to the second embodiment. The fuel cell stack 300 of the present embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that a seal housing portion 302 that houses the seal member 121 is formed on the intermediate plate 82. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the fuel cell stack 300 shown in FIG. 12, a seal housing portion 302 is formed at the inner end in the B direction of the intermediate plate 82. The seal accommodating portion 302 is configured such that a corner portion located inside the B direction in the intermediate plate 82 is notched. A part of the seal member 121 (second inner seal portion 124 and second outer seal portion 125) is accommodated in each seal accommodating portion 302. In this case, the second inner seal portion 124 is in close contact with the inner surface of the seal housing portion 302 and the inner surface of the inner plate 81 in the seal housing portion 302. On the other hand, the second outer seal portion 125 is in close contact with the inner surface of the seal housing portion 302 and the inner surface of the outer plate 83 in the seal housing portion 302. In addition, the seal | sticker accommodating part 302 may be continuously formed over the whole A direction in the intermediate | middle plate 82, and may be formed at intervals in the A direction.

  According to the present embodiment, a part of the seal member 121 is accommodated in each seal accommodating portion 302, so that a contact area between the seal member 121 and the intermediate plate 82 and the outer plate 83 can be secured. The sealing performance between the outer plates 83 can be ensured.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the following description, FIG. 13 is a plan view of the upper panel 67 according to the third embodiment. In the present embodiment, the method of attaching the third spacer 321 to the third pressurizing fastening member 152 is different from the first embodiment described above. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13, among the mounting portions 330 of the third spacer 321 of the present embodiment, for example, the first mounting portion 330a connected to one end of the connecting portion 162 is the same as in the first embodiment described above. It is formed in a cylindrical shape. On the other hand, an entrance 332 is formed in a mounting portion (second mounting portion 330b) other than the first mounting portion 330a among the mounting portions 330. The entrance 332 is configured such that a part of the second mounting portion 330b is cut away. The entrance 332 is open toward the opposite side of the connection part 162 in the second mounting part 330b.

  In the present embodiment, in the third fastening step described above, one third pressurizing fastening member 152 is attached in a state where the first mounting portion 330a of the third spacer 321 is extrapolated to one third pressurizing fastening member 152. Screwed into one VCU fixing hole 96. Subsequently, another third pressurizing fastening member 152 is screwed into a VCU fixing hole 96 other than the one VCU fixing hole 96 (another VCU fixing hole 96). At this time, a gap larger than the thickness in the C direction of the second mounting portion 330 b is provided between the head of the other third pressurizing fastening member 152 and the outer plate 83.

  Subsequently, the third spacer 321 is rotated around the one third pressurizing fastening member 152. At this time, the third spacer 321 is rotated so that the entrance 332 of the second mounting portion 330b faces the back side in the rotation direction. Then, another pressing fastening member 152 enters the second mounting portion 330 b through the entrance 332, so that the mounting portion 330 is interposed between each third pressing fastening member 152 and the outer plate 83. Thereafter, the third pressurizing fastening members 152 are fastened via the third spacers 321 by further tightening the third pressurizing fastening members 152.

  In the present embodiment, it is not necessary to screw the third pressurizing fastening member 152 into the VCU fixing hole 96 in a state in which each mounting portion 330 is extrapolated to each of the third pressurizing fastening members 152. Efficiency can be improved. In the above-described embodiment, the case where the first mounting portion 330a is formed in a cylindrical shape has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and entrances may be formed in all the mounting portions 330.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes those in which various modifications are made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the exhaust duct 110 and the VCU 202 have been described as examples of the mating member attached to the outside of the fuel cell stack 1, but the mating member is not limited to this configuration, and the mating member is other auxiliary equipment. It does not matter.
In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the pressurizing fastening members 150, 151, and 152 are screwed into all the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 has been described, but the configuration is not limited thereto. The pressing fastening members 150 to 152 may be appropriately selected and screwed into any one of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96.

In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the periphery of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 is pressurized by fastening the plates 81 to 83 using the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 has been described. I can't. For example, in each of the plates 81 to 83, the periphery of the fixing holes 93, 95, and 96 may be pressed with a jig or the like and pressurized.
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the panel manufacturing method of the present invention is applied to the upper panel has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the configuration of the present invention can be applied to other panels in the side panel 60. is there.

In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the spacer is interposed between each of the pressurizing fastening members 150 to 152 and the outer plate 83 has been described. However, the configuration is not limited to this configuration. The plate 83 may be brought into direct contact.
In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which only the third spacer connects the mounting portions integrally has been described. However, not only this configuration but also the first spacer and the second spacer have the same configuration as the third spacer. it can.

  In addition, in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, it is possible to replace suitably the component in the embodiment mentioned above by the known component, and you may combine the modification mentioned above suitably.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel cell stack 2 ... Unit cell (fuel cell)
3 ... Cell stack 4 ... Casing 61 ... First end plate (counter member)
62 ... Second end plate (mating member)
65. Front panel (mating member)
66 ... Rear panel (mating member)
67… Upper panel (panel)
81 ... Inner plate 81a ... Mating surface 82 ... Intermediate plate 82a ... Mating surface 82b ... Mating surface 83 ... Outer plate 83a ... Mating surface 93 ... Panel fixing hole (fixing hole)
94 ... Fastening member 95 ... Duct fixing hole (fixing hole)
96 ... VCU fixing hole (fixing hole)
100 ... Inner plate 101 ... Intermediate plate 102 ... Outer plate 110 ... Exhaust duct (mating member)
121 ... Sealing member (liquid packing)
150: First pressurizing fastening member (pressurizing fastening member)
151: Second pressurizing fastening member (pressurizing fastening member)
152 ... Third pressurizing fastening member (pressurizing fastening member)
155 ... 1st spacer (spacer)
156: Second spacer (spacer)
160 ... Third spacer (spacer)
161 ... Mounting part 162 ... Connecting part 202 ... VCU (mating member)
300 ... Fuel cell stack 321 ... Third spacer 330 ... Mounting portion 330a ... First mounting portion (mounting portion)
330b ... second mounting portion (mounting portion)

Claims (5)

A part of the casing that houses a cell stack in which a plurality of fuel cells are stacked, and a method for manufacturing a panel to which a mating member is attached via a fastening member,
A laminating step of laminating the plurality of plates in the first direction in a state where liquid packing is applied on at least one of the mating surfaces of the plurality of plates;
A curing step of curing the liquid packing,
The said hardening process is performed in the state which pressurized the circumference | surroundings of the fixing hole in which the said fastening member is penetrated among the said several plates in the said 1st direction.   2. The panel manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein, in the curing step, a pressurizing fastening member is inserted into the fixing hole and the plurality of plates are fastened by the pressurizing fastening member. The plurality of plates are:
An outer plate constituting the outer surface of the casing;
An inner plate constituting the inner surface of the casing;
An intermediate plate interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate and having a thickness in the first direction that is thicker than the outer plate and the inner plate;
Among the fixing holes, the intermediate fixing hole formed in the intermediate plate is a female screw hole communicating through the outer fixing hole formed in the outer plate,
The counterpart member can be attached to the outer surface of the casing,
3. The panel manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein in the curing step, the pressing fastening member is screwed into the intermediate fixing hole through the outer fixing hole.   The said hardening process WHEREIN: The said several plate is fastened in the state which pinched | interposed the spacer between the outer side plate which comprises the outer surface of the said casing among the said plates, and the said fastening member for a pressurization. The manufacturing method of the panel of Claim 2 or Claim 3. A plurality of the fixing holes are formed at intervals,
The plurality of fixing holes are respectively inserted with the pressurizing fastening members in a state in which the spacer is sandwiched between the outer surfaces of the outer plates.
The spacer is
A plurality of mounting portions that are individually mounted on the pressing fastening members;
The panel manufacturing method according to claim 4, further comprising a connecting portion that connects the plurality of mounting portions.

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