JP2018072519A - Endless belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a belt that suppresses the generation of wrinkles on the belt when used after being exposed in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long period.SOLUTION: A belt 10 for an image forming apparatus comprises: a tubular substrate 10A; a metal layer 10B that is provided on the substrate 10A; an adhesive layer 10C that is provided in contact with the metal layer 10B and is a cured product of a composition containing a siloxane oligomer having an SiH structure, tetraalkoxysilane, and silane coupling agent including an alkenyl group; and an elastic layer 10D that is provided in contact with the adhesive layer 10C and contains silicone rubber.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an endless belt, a fixing device, and an image forming apparatus.

  In recent years, a fixing device for an image forming apparatus that performs fixing by heating a fixing belt by an electromagnetic induction heating method has been proposed.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a dispersion of an addition reaction catalyst is applied to a substrate that has been previously primed, and includes a specific organopolysiloxane and a hydrogen organopolysiloxane having a silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atom. A rubber roller obtained by further applying an addition-reactive silicone rubber material in which the ratio of the number of moles of atoms H to the number of moles Vi of vinyl groups is within a specific range, and heat-curing the reactive silicone rubber material A fixing device used is disclosed.

JP 2002-194103 A

In an endless belt provided with a tubular base material, a metal layer, and an elastic layer in this order, for example, an adhesive layer formed using tetraalkoxysilane as an adhesive is provided between the metal layer and the elastic layer. The adhesion between the metal layer and the elastic layer is improved.
However, when the endless belt is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time and used as, for example, an IH (induction heating) fixing belt of a fixing device that generates heat by electromagnetic induction, the surface of the endless belt is not easily damaged. In some cases, an uneven surface (hereinafter also referred to as “belt wrinkle”) may occur.

  The present invention was used after being exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environment for a long time as compared with the case where the adhesive layer between the metal layer and the elastic layer is a cured product of a composition containing only tetraalkoxysilane as a silane compound. An object of the present invention is to provide an endless belt that suppresses the occurrence of belt wrinkles.

  In order to achieve the above object, the following invention is provided.

The invention according to claim 1 is a tubular substrate,
A tubular substrate;
A metal layer provided on the substrate;
An adhesive layer which is a cured product of a composition provided on the metal layer and including a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure, a tetraalkoxysilane, and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group;
An elastic layer provided on and in contact with the adhesive layer and containing silicone rubber;
An endless belt for an image forming apparatus.

The invention according to claim 2
An endless belt according to claim 1;
A pressure member that pressurizes an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt and sandwiches a recording medium having an unfixed toner image formed on the surface together with the endless belt;
An electromagnetic induction heating device for generating heat by electromagnetic induction in the metal layer of the endless belt;
A fixing device.

The invention according to claim 3
An image carrier,
A charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic latent image forming apparatus that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
A developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with toner to form a toner image;
A transfer device for transferring a toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to a recording medium;
The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the toner image is fixed on the recording medium.
An image forming apparatus.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, belt wrinkles are generated as compared with the case where an adhesive layer, which is a cured product of a composition containing only tetraalkoxysilane as a silane compound, is provided between the metal layer and the elastic layer. An endless belt that suppresses this is provided.

  According to the invention according to claim 2 or 3, when an endless belt in which an adhesive layer which is a cured product of a composition containing only tetraalkoxysilane as a silane compound is provided between a metal layer and an elastic layer is applied. In comparison, there is provided a fixing device or an image forming apparatus that suppresses generation of wrinkles in a recording medium caused by belt wrinkles.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the layer structure of the endless belt which concerns on this embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to an exemplary embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<Endless belt>
An endless belt (hereinafter also simply referred to as “belt”) for an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a tubular base material, a metal layer provided on the base material, and an adhesive layer provided on the metal layer. And an elastic layer provided in contact with the adhesive layer.
The adhesive layer is composed of a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure (hereinafter also referred to as “SiH-containing siloxane oligomer”), a tetraalkoxysilane and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group (hereinafter also referred to as “alkenyl silane coupling agent”). The elastic layer is a layer containing silicone rubber.

  The belt according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, so that the adhesive layer is a cured product of a composition containing only tetraalkoxysilane as a silane compound in a high temperature and high humidity environment (for example, belt temperature). : Generation of belt wrinkles when used after being exposed to 80 ° C. and environmental humidity (80% environment) for a long time (for example, 12 hours or more). The reason is not clear, but is presumed as follows.

In the case where the adhesive layer between the metal layer and the elastic layer is a cured product of a composition containing only tetraalkoxysilane as a silane compound, the adhesive layer and the elastic layer are separated by at least one of hydrogen bonding and intermolecular force. It is thought that they are adhered. Here, examples of the hydrogen bond include a hydrogen bond between a hydroxyl group formed by hydrolysis of tetraalkoxysilane and a hydrogen atom of silicone rubber contained in the elastic layer.
When the belt is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, for example, water molecules enter the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer, and form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the adhesive layer. As a result, it is considered that hydrogen bonds and intermolecular forces at the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer are broken, and the adhesive force at the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer is weakened.
Further, when the belt is used in a state where the adhesive force at the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer is weakened (for example, when used as an IH fixing belt that generates heat by electromagnetic induction and is driven in the image forming apparatus), for example, Stress is applied in the circumferential direction of the belt. And when the stress concentrates on the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer, it is considered that a belt wrinkle occurs due to partial peeling of the elastic layer.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the adhesive layer is a cured product of a composition containing a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer, a tetraalkoxysilane, and an alkenyl silane coupling agent.
Therefore, the adhesive layer has a SiH structure derived from a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer. Here, the hydrogen atom directly bonded to the Si atom in the SiH structure easily forms a covalent bond by an addition reaction with a carbon-carbon double bond (for example, vinyl group) of the silicone rubber included in the elastic layer. And, by forming a covalent bond at the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer, the adhesive force is improved, and even if water molecules enter the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer, the adhesive layer and the elastic layer It is considered that the adhesive force at the interface is unlikely to decrease.
The adhesive layer has rubber elasticity due to a cross-linked structure formed by an addition reaction between a hydrogen atom in the SiH structure of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer and an alkenyl group of the alkenyl-based silane coupling agent. Conceivable. Then, it is considered that when the composition contains tetraalkoxysilane in addition to the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer and the alkenyl silane coupling agent, the adhesive layer is not too soft and has an appropriate rubber elasticity. The moderate rubber elasticity of the adhesive layer relieves stress concentration even when a load is applied by using a belt.
As described above, in the present embodiment, even when water molecules enter, the adhesive force at the interface between the adhesive layer and the elastic layer is unlikely to decrease, and the stress concentration is relaxed by the rubber elasticity of the adhesive layer. It is presumed that belt wrinkles are suppressed when used after being exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environment for a long time.

Hereinafter, the configuration of an endless belt for an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an endless belt for an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.
The belt 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a layer configuration in which a metal layer 10B, an adhesive layer 10C, an elastic layer 10D, and a release layer 10E are sequentially laminated on the outer peripheral surface of a tubular base material 10A. It is an endless belt. The metal layer 10B is formed by laminating a base metal layer 102, an electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 that generates heat by electromagnetic induction, and a metal protective layer 106 in this order.
The adhesive layer 10C is a cured product of a composition including a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure, a tetraalkoxysilane, and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group, and the elastic layer 10D contains silicone rubber.

Hereinafter, each layer constituting the endless belt for the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described in more detail.
In the following description, the belt 10 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 will be described as an example. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this structure. For example, FIG. 1 shows a structure in which a base metal layer 102, an electromagnetic induction metal layer 104, and a metal protective layer 106 are laminated in this order as the metal layer 10B, but the number of metal layers to be laminated may be different. Good. Specifically, it may be a metal layer made of a single metal layer that self-heats by electromagnetic induction.
FIG. 1 shows a structure in which the adhesive layer 10C is provided in direct contact with the metal layer 10B, but other layers may be provided between the metal layer 10B and the adhesive layer 10C. Good.
Further, FIG. 1 shows a structure in which a release layer 10E is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 10D, but the release layer 10E may not be provided.
In the following description, the reference numerals of each layer may be omitted.

[Substrate 10A]
The base material 10A is preferably a layer that maintains a high strength with little change in physical properties even when the metal layer 10B generates heat. For this reason, it is preferable that the base material 10A is mainly composed of a heat-resistant resin (in the present specification, “mainly” and “main component” mean that the mass ratio is 50% or more, and Is also synonymous).

  In the case of the base material 10A mainly composed of a heat-resistant resin, slidability with the pressing member in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the belt is ensured, and the life of the pressing member is extended. Furthermore, since the heat resistant resin has a heat insulating effect, the heat from the metal layer 10 </ b> B can be efficiently transferred to the outer peripheral surface side without escaping to the pressing member.

Examples of the heat-resistant resin that can constitute the base material 10A include high heat-resistant and high-strength resins such as liquid crystal materials such as polyimide, aromatic polyamide, and thermotropic liquid crystal polymer. Examples include terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, polysulfone, and polyimideamide. Among these, polyimide is preferable.
Moreover, you may further improve a heat insulation effect by adding the filler with a heat insulation effect in a heat resistant resin, or making a heat resistant resin foam.

  The thickness of the base material 10A is preferably in the range of 10 μm or more and 200 μm or less, more preferably in the range of 30 μm or more and 100 μm or less, from the viewpoint of achieving both rigidity and flexibility for realizing long-term repetitive circumferential conveyance of the belt. .

Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the metal layer 10B, the tensile strength of the base material 10A preferably satisfies 200 MPa or more (more preferably 250 MPa or more). The tensile strength of a base material is adjusted with the kind of resin, the kind of filler, and addition amount.
In addition, the tensile strength (MPa) of the base material is obtained by cutting the base material into a strip shape having a width of 5 mm, and installing this on a tensile tester Model 1605N (manufactured by Aiko Engineering Co., Ltd.) and pulling it at a constant speed of 10 mm / sec. Measured with tensile strength at break (MPa).

[Underlying metal layer 102]
The base metal layer 102 is a layer formed in advance in order to form the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 10A by an electrolytic plating method, and is provided as necessary. As a method of forming the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104, an electrolytic plating method is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and the like, but when the base material 10A mainly composed of a resin is used, it is difficult to perform direct electrolytic plating. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the base metal layer 102 for forming the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104.

  Examples of the method for forming the base metal layer 102 on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate 10A include an electroless plating method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, and the like, and a chemical plating method (electroless plating method) from the viewpoint of easiness of film formation. Among them, general electroless nickel plating layers, electroless copper plating layers, and the like are preferable.

  In addition, before forming the base metal layer 102 on the outer peripheral surface of the base material 10A by the electroless plating method, the surface roughness of the outer peripheral surface of the base material 10A is preliminarily roughened so that the metal particles easily adhere (roughness). Surface treatment) may be performed. Examples of the roughening treatment include a method of roughening the surface of the substrate 10A by sandblasting using alumina abrasive grains or the like, cutting, sandpaper polishing, or the like.

  The thickness of the base metal layer 102 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 μm, and more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 3 μm.

  The thickness of each layer constituting the belt according to the present embodiment is such that a cross section is produced in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the cylindrical body of the belt, and the acceleration voltage of a scanning electron microscope (“JSM6700F” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) is 2 It is a value obtained by measuring the film thickness from an observation image at 0.0 kV and 5000 times.

[Electromagnetic induction metal layer 104]
The electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 is a heat generation layer having a function of generating heat by an eddy current generated in the layer when a magnetic field is applied, and is made of a metal that generates an electromagnetic induction effect.
As a metal that generates electromagnetic induction, for example, a single metal such as nickel, iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, chromium, tin, zinc, or an alloy containing two or more kinds of metals may be selected. . In consideration of cost, heat generation performance, and workability, copper, nickel, aluminum, iron, and chromium are suitable, and among them, copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component is particularly preferable.

  The electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 is formed by performing a known method, for example, electrolytic plating.

  The optimum thickness of the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 differs depending on the metal material. For example, when copper is used for the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104, the thickness of the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 is efficiently generated from the viewpoint of heat generation. Is preferably in the range of 3 μm to 50 μm, more preferably in the range of 3 μm to 30 μm, and still more preferably in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm.

[Metal protective layer 106]
A metal protective layer is provided on the outer peripheral surface side of the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 in order to improve the film strength, suppress cracks due to repeated deformation, oxidative deterioration due to repeated heating for a long time, and maintain heat generation characteristics. It is preferably provided in contact with the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104.

  The metal protective layer 106 is a thin film having high breaking strength, good durability and high oxidation resistance, and is preferably an oxidation resistant metal. Specifically, for example, it may be configured to contain copper or nickel, and is particularly an oxidation-resistant metal from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks due to repeated deformation and oxidative deterioration due to repeated heating. It is preferable that nickel (or nickel alloy) is included.

  The optimum thickness of the metal protective layer varies depending on the material. For example, when the metal protective layer is formed of nickel, flexibility is obtained while suppressing the occurrence of cracks due to insufficient breaking strength. From the viewpoint of suppressing the warm-up time to be short without increasing the heat capacity of itself, it is preferably in the range of 2 μm to 20 μm, more preferably in the range of 2 μm to 15 μm, and in the range of 5 μm to 10 μm. More preferably it is.

The metal protective layer is preferably formed by an electrolytic plating method in consideration of workability with a thin film, and among them, electrolytic nickel plating having high strength is more preferable.
In the case of forming by electroplating, first, a plating solution containing metal ions such as nickel ions is prepared, and the substrate 10A having the base metal layer 102 and the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 is immersed in this plating solution to perform electrolytic plating. Then, an electrolytic plating layer having a required thickness is formed.

[Adhesive layer 10C]
The adhesive layer 10C is a layer provided between the metal layer 10B and the elastic layer 10D, and is a composition containing a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer, a tetraalkoxysilane, and an alkenyl silane coupling agent (hereinafter referred to as “adhesive”). It is a layer of a cured product of a “layer forming composition”.

-Composition for forming an adhesive layer-
The composition for forming an adhesive layer includes at least a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer, a tetraalkoxysilane, and an alkenyl silane coupling agent, and may include other components as necessary.
Hereinafter, each component contained in the composition for forming an adhesive layer will be described.

(Siloxane oligomer having SiH structure)
The SiH-containing siloxane oligomer is a siloxane compound having one or more SiH structures (that is, a structure in which silicon atoms and hydrogen atoms are directly bonded) and two or more continuous siloxane bonds.
The number of SiH structures contained in one molecule of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer is 1 or more, and 2 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of imparting rubber elasticity to the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer, and 2 or more. 10 or less is more preferable, and 2 or more and 4 or less are more preferable.
The number of Si atoms contained in one molecule of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer is 3 or more, and preferably 3 or more and 100 or less from the viewpoint of improving adhesiveness and imparting rubber elasticity.
The number average molecular weight of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer is, for example, 200 or more and 10,000 or less, and is preferably 200 or more and 6,000 or less from the viewpoint of improving adhesiveness and imparting rubber elasticity.
The number average molecular weight is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The molecular weight measurement by GPC is performed with a THF solvent using a Tosoh GPC / HLC-8120GPC as a measuring device and a Tosoh column / TSKgel SuperHM-M (15 cm). The number average molecular weight is calculated from the measurement result using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared with a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample.

The molecular structure of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
As a SiH containing siloxane oligomer, the compound represented by following General formula (1) is mentioned, for example.

In general formula (1), R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ , R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁶ , and R ¹⁷ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and n is 1 or more. Indicates an integer.

In the general formula (1), examples of the monovalent organic group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted silyloxy group. It is done.

In general formula (1), examples of the alkyl group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and the like. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group.
In the general formula (1), examples of the substituent of the alkyl group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted silyloxy group described below.

In general formula (1), examples of the aryl group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
In the general formula (1), examples of the substituent of the aryl group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include the above-described substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, the substituted or unsubstituted silyloxy group described below, and the like.

In the general formula (1), examples of the substituent of the silyloxy group represented by R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ include the above-mentioned substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted silyloxy group, and the like. Is mentioned.

In general formula (1), R ^{11 to} R ¹⁷ are, among these, a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted group from the viewpoint of improving adhesion and imparting rubber elasticity. A phenyl group, an unsubstituted silyloxy group, and a silyloxy group substituted with an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms are preferred, and a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms are more preferred.

When n in general formula (1) is 2 or more, two or more R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ in the compound represented by general formula (1) may be the same or different. Good, but preferably the same.
R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ in the general formula (1) may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same. R ¹¹ and R ¹² in the general formula (1) may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same. R ¹⁵ and R ¹⁶ in the general formula (1) may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.

Among these, the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a compound in which R ^{11 to} R ¹⁶ are hydrogen, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and R ¹⁷ is a hydrogen atom, and R ^{11 to} R ¹⁶ are A compound in which both are methyl groups and R ¹⁷ is a hydrogen atom is more preferable.

  As content of the SiH containing siloxane oligomer with respect to the whole solid content in the composition for adhesive bond layer formation, 1 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are mentioned, for example, and 2 mass% from a viewpoint of improvement of adhesiveness and applicability | paintability. The content is preferably 30% by mass or less.

(Tetraalkoxysilane)
Tetraalkoxysilane is a compound in which four alkoxy groups are bonded to Si atoms, and is represented by the following general formula (2).

In General Formula (2), R ²¹ , R ²² , R ²³ , and R ²⁴ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

In general formula (2), examples of the alkyl group represented by R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms). Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group.
In the general formula (2), examples of the substituent of the alkyl group represented by R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ include a linear or branched alkoxy group, specifically, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, An isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, etc. are mentioned.

In general formula (2), among these, R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ are preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an n-propyl group, from the viewpoint of belt wrinkle suppression, a methyl group, An ethyl group is further preferred, and a methyl group is particularly preferred.
R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ in the general formula (2) may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.
Among these, the tetraalkoxysilane represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a compound in which R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ are a methyl group or an ethyl group, and a compound in which any of R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ is a methyl group. More preferred.

As content of the tetraalkoxysilane with respect to the whole solid in the composition for adhesive bond layer formation, 1 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are mentioned, for example, and 2 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less are preferable. When the content of the tetraalkoxysilane is in the above range, the adhesive layer does not have too low hardness compared to the case where the content is less than the above range, and even if a load is applied due to the use of the belt, the adhesive layer and the metal Stress concentration at the interface with the layer is alleviated, and belt wrinkles are suppressed.
The amount of tetraalkoxysilane contained in the composition for forming an adhesive layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer includes, for example, 10 parts by mass to 500 parts by mass, and 20 parts by mass to 300 parts by mass. The following is preferred.

(Silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group)
The alkenyl silane coupling agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group.
Here, the silane coupling agent is a compound in which at least one of an alkoxy group and a halogen atom is directly bonded to a Si atom.
Moreover, as an alkenyl group, a C2-C4 alkenyl group is mentioned, for example, Specifically, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group etc. are mentioned, for example. Moreover, as an alkenyl group, the alkenyl group which has a double bond at the terminal is preferable.

  Specific examples of the alkenyl silane coupling agent include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltris (methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltrichlorosilane, and allyltrimethoxysilane.

In particular, the alkenyl-based silane coupling agent is preferably a compound having an alkenyl group and three alkoxy groups directly bonded to the Si atom.
Moreover, as an alkenyl-type silane coupling agent, the compound represented by following General formula (3) is mentioned, for example.

In General Formula (3), R ³¹ , R ³² , and R ³³ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R ³⁴ represents a monovalent organic group having an alkenyl group.

In general formula (3), examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group represented by R ^{31 to} R ³³ are the same as the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group represented by R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ in general formula (2). Can be mentioned.
R ^{31 to} R ³³ in the general formula (3) may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.

In the general formula (3), examples of the monovalent organic group having an alkenyl group represented by R ³⁴ include an alkenyl group, an alkenyloxyalkyl group, an alkenylcycloalkyl group, and an alkenylaryl group.
In general formula (3), the monovalent organic group having an alkenyl group represented by R ³⁴ is preferably an alkenyl group, more preferably an alkenyl group having a double bond at the terminal, a vinyl group, an allyl group, A 3-butenyl group is more preferred, and a vinyl group is particularly preferred.

Among these, the alkenyl silane coupling agent represented by the general formula (3) is preferably a compound in which R ^{31 to} R ³³ are a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R ³⁴ is a vinyl group or an allyl group. ^A compound in which any of ^{31 to} R ³³ is a methyl group and R ³⁴ is a vinyl group is more preferable.

As content of the alkenyl-type silane coupling agent with respect to the whole solid content in the composition for adhesive bond layer formation, 1 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are mentioned, for example, From a viewpoint of an adhesive improvement and provision of rubber elasticity. 2 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less are preferable.
The amount of the alkenyl silane coupling agent contained in the composition for forming an adhesive layer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer includes, for example, 20 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less, and 30 parts by mass or more. 300 parts by mass or less is preferable.

(Other ingredients)
The composition for forming an adhesive layer may contain other components as necessary.
Examples of other components include a solvent (for example, butyl acetate) and inorganic particles (for example, iron oxide, silica, and the like).
Moreover, the composition for adhesive bond layer formation may further contain another silane coupling agent as another component. Other silane coupling agents include, for example, epoxy group silane coupling agents, amino group silane coupling agents, methacryl group silane coupling agents, styryl group silane coupling agents, and amino group silane coupling agents. Agents and the like.

(Preparation of composition for forming an adhesive layer)
The composition for forming an adhesive layer may be prepared by a known method. For example, the composition for forming an adhesive layer may be prepared by mixing and stirring the above components.

-Formation method and characteristics of adhesive layer-
A known method may be applied to form the adhesive layer 10C, and for example, it may be formed on the metal layer 10B by a coating method.
Specifically, for example, first, an adhesive film is formed by applying and drying the adhesive layer forming composition on the metal layer 10B. Next, on the adhesive film, an elastic layer forming coating solution described later is applied to form an elastic film, and if necessary, the elastic film is dried to form an elastic film, and then heated. Thus, the adhesive layer 10C is formed together with the formation of the elastic layer 10D. The thus formed adhesive layer 10C was cured in a state in which the reactive group of the adhesive layer forming composition was in contact with the uncured product of the elastic layer forming coating solution (that is, an elastic coating film or an elastic coating film). It is a cured product.
In addition, as drying temperature at the time of adhesive film formation, 10 degreeC or more and 35 degrees C or less are mentioned, for example, As drying time, 10 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less are mentioned, for example.
Moreover, as heating temperature in the said heating, the range of 100 to 200 degreeC is mentioned. Moreover, you may perform the said heating in inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.) atmosphere.

  Examples of the film thickness of the adhesive layer 10C include 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, preferably 0.2 μm or more and 5 μm or less, and more preferably 0.2 μm or more and 3 μm or less.

[Elastic layer 10D]
The elastic layer 10D follows the unevenness of the toner image on the recording medium and is a layer that plays a role of closely contacting the surface of the belt with the toner image. In particular, when a multicolor image is formed, the elastic layer 10D can obtain an image in which the color development deterioration and the gloss unevenness due to the heating unevenness of the recording medium and the toner image are suppressed. In addition, since the elastic layer 10D is deformed in the contact area with the pressure member and a contact width can be obtained even with a low load, heat is transferred to the toner image even if the process speed (recording medium conveyance speed) is increased. Even when fixing is performed and a black-and-white image is formed, high speed is realized.

The elastic layer 10D is preferably made of an elastic material that can be restored to its original shape even when deformed by applying an external force of 100 Pa, for example.
The elastic layer 10D in the present embodiment includes a silicone rubber having at least a carbon-carbon double bond (for example, a vinyl group). Therefore, the carbon-carbon double bond contained in the uncured silicone rubber reacts with the hydrogen atom in the SiH structure contained in the adhesive layer (that is, the hydrogen atom directly bonded to the Si atom) to form a covalent bond. Form.
Examples of the silicone rubber include RTV silicone rubber, HTV silicone rubber, and liquid silicone rubber. Specifically, polydimethyl silicone rubber (MQ), methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ). ), Fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ) and the like.
Examples of the commercially available product include liquid silicone rubber SE6744 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone.

  In the present embodiment, in the elastic material included in the elastic layer 10D, it is preferable that silicone rubber is a main component (that is, 50% or more in terms of mass ratio), and the content is 90% by mass or more. Is more preferable, and it is further more preferable that it is 99 mass% or less.

The elastic layer 10D may further include a material other than silicone rubber as an elastic material, and examples thereof include heat-resistant rubber such as fluorine rubber. Examples of the fluororubber include vinylidene fluoride rubber, tetrafluoroethylene / propylene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoromethyl vinyl ether rubber, phosphazene rubber, and fluoropolyether.
Examples of commercially available products include Viton B-202 manufactured by DuPont Dow elastmers.

Various additives may be blended in the elastic layer.
In particular, it is preferable to add a filler from the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity of the elastic layer 10D. The thermal conductivity of the filler is preferably 0.3 W / mK or more, more preferably 50 W / mK or more, and even more preferably 100 W / mK or more from the viewpoint of obtaining higher thermal conductivity in the elastic layer 10D.

Filler materials include carbides (for example, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, etc.), titanium oxide, silicon carbide, talc, mica, kaolin, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium oxide, graphite, silicon nitride And well-known inorganic fillers such as boron nitride, iron oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium carbonate, and metal silicon.
Among these, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, graphite, boron nitride, and carbide are preferable from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity.

  The filler content of the elastic layer 10D may be determined by the required thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and the like. For example, the content of the filler in the elastic layer 10D is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably in the range of 3% by mass to 15% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 5% by mass to 10% by mass. A range is further preferred.

  Examples of additives include softeners (paraffins, etc.), processing aids (stearic acid, etc.), anti-aging agents (amines, etc.), and vulcanizing agents (sulfur, metal oxides, peroxides, etc.). And functional fillers (such as alumina).

The elastic layer 10 </ b> D may be formed by a known method, for example, it may be formed on the adhesive layer 10 </ b> C by a coating method.
Specifically, for example, first, a coating solution for forming an elastic layer containing a liquid silicone rubber that is cured by heating and becomes the silicone rubber is prepared. Next, as described above, the elastic layer-forming coating solution is applied onto the adhesive film formed by applying and drying the adhesive layer-forming composition to form an elastic coating film. After drying the coating film, the elastic layer 10D is formed together with the adhesive layer 10C by heating them. The elastic layer 10D thus formed is a cured product that is cured in a state in which the uncured product of the elastic layer forming coating solution is in contact with the uncured product of the adhesive layer forming composition.
In addition, conditions, such as heating temperature in the said heating, are as above-mentioned.

  The thickness of the elastic layer 10D is, for example, preferably from 30 μm to 600 μm, and preferably from 100 μm to 500 μm.

[Release layer 10E]
The release layer 10 </ b> E is a layer that plays a role of preventing the toner image in a molten state from adhering to the surface (outer peripheral surface) on the side in contact with the recording medium. The release layer 10E is provided as necessary.

  The release layer 10E preferably includes a low surface energy material such as a fluorine-based compound as a main component. Examples of the fluorine compound include fluororubber, polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as “PTFE”), perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (hereinafter referred to as “PFA”), ethylene tetrafluoride ethylene hexafluoride propylene copolymer. A fluororesin such as a polymer (hereinafter referred to as “FEP”) is exemplified, but it is not particularly limited.

  The thickness of the release layer 10E is preferably in the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and more preferably in the range of 20 μm to 50 μm. When the thickness of the release layer 10E is 10 μm or more, wear of the release layer 10E due to repeated friction at the edge of the paper is suppressed. Further, when the thickness of the release layer 10E is 100 μm or less, the surface flexibility is maintained, the granularity of the fixed image is maintained, and the warm-up time is shortened.

The release layer 10E may be formed by a known method, for example, a coating method.
In addition, the release layer 10E is prepared in advance by preparing a tube-like release layer, for example, by forming an adhesive layer on the inner surface of the tube and then covering the outer periphery of the elastic layer 10D. May be.

<Fixing device>
The fixing device according to the present embodiment includes a belt according to the above-described embodiment, and a pressure member that pressurizes the outer peripheral surface of the belt and sandwiches a recording medium having an unfixed toner image formed on the surface together with the belt. An electromagnetic induction heating device that generates heat by electromagnetic induction of the metal layer of the belt.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to the present embodiment.
The fixing device 100 according to the present embodiment is an electromagnetic induction type fixing device including the belt 10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, a pressure roll (pressure member) 11 is disposed so as to press a part of the belt 10, and a contact region (between the belt 10 and the pressure roll 11 from the viewpoint of efficient fixing. Nip) is formed, and the belt 10 is curved along the circumferential surface of the pressure roll 11. Further, from the viewpoint of ensuring the peelability of the recording medium, a bent portion where the belt bends is formed at the end of the contact area (nip).

  The pressure roll 11 is configured such that an elastic layer 11B made of silicone rubber or the like is formed on a substrate 11A, and a release layer 11C made of a fluorine-based compound is formed on the elastic layer 11B.

  A facing member 13 is disposed inside the belt 10 at a position facing the pressure roll 11. The facing member 13 is made of metal, heat-resistant resin, heat-resistant rubber, or the like, and has a pad 13B that is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the belt 10 and locally increases the pressure, and a support 13A that supports the pad 13B.

An electromagnetic induction heating device 12 incorporating an electromagnetic induction coil (excitation coil) 12a is provided at a position facing the pressure roll 11 (an example of a pressure member) with the belt 10 as the center. The electromagnetic induction heating device 12 applies an alternating current to the electromagnetic induction coil to change the generated magnetic field by the excitation circuit, and the metal layer 10B of the belt 10 (especially, the electromagnetic induction metal layer 104 in the belt shown in FIG. 1). ) To generate eddy currents. This eddy current is converted into heat (Joule heat) by the electric resistance of the metal layer 10B, and as a result, the surface of the belt 10 generates heat.
Note that the position of the electromagnetic induction heating device 12 is not limited to the position shown in FIG. 2. For example, the electromagnetic induction heating device 12 may be installed upstream of the contact area of the belt 10 in the rotational direction B, or inside the belt 10. It may be installed.

In the fixing device 100 according to the present embodiment, the driving force is transmitted to the gear fixed to the end portion of the belt 10 by the driving device, so that the belt 10 self-rotates in the direction of arrow B and accompanies the rotation of the belt 10. Thus, the pressure roll 11 rotates in the reverse direction, that is, in the direction of arrow C.
The recording medium 15 on which the unfixed toner image 14 is formed is passed through the contact area (nip) between the belt 10 and the pressure roll 11 in the fixing device 100 in the direction of arrow A, so that the unfixed toner image 14 is in a molten state. Pressure is applied to fix the recording medium 15.

<Image forming apparatus>
An image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging device that charges the surface of the image carrier, and an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the image carrier. A developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with toner to form a toner image, and a transfer that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to a recording medium And a fixing device according to this embodiment for fixing the toner image to the recording medium.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the image forming apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment includes a photosensitive member (an example of an image holding member) 202, a charging device 204, a laser exposure device (an example of a latent image forming device) 206, a mirror 208, and development. Device 210, intermediate transfer body 212, transfer roll (an example of a transfer device) 214, cleaning device 216, static eliminator 218, fixing device 100, and paper feed device (paper feed unit 220, paper feed roller 222, alignment roller 224, And a recording medium guide 226).

  When image formation is performed with the image forming apparatus 200, first, a non-contact type charging device 204 provided in the vicinity of the photoconductor 202 charges the surface of the photoconductor 202.

  Laser light corresponding to the image information (signal) of each color is irradiated from the laser exposure device 206 through the mirror 208 on the surface of the photosensitive member 202 charged by the charging device 204, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image.

  The developing device 210 forms a toner image by applying toner to the latent image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 202. The developing device 210 includes developing devices (not shown) for the respective colors, each containing toners of four colors, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Each color toner is applied to the latent image formed on the surface to form a toner image.

  The toner images of the respective colors formed on the surface of the photoconductor 202 are changed in color at the contact portion between the photoconductor 202 and the intermediate transfer body 212 by a bias voltage applied between the photoconductor 202 and the intermediate transfer body 212. Each toner image is transferred onto the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body 212 so as to coincide with the image information.

The intermediate transfer member 212 has an outer peripheral surface that contacts the surface of the photoreceptor 202 and rotates in the direction of arrow E.
In addition to the photoconductor 202, a transfer roll 214 is provided around the intermediate transfer body 212.

  The intermediate transfer body 212 onto which the multicolor toner image has been transferred rotates in the direction of arrow E. The toner image on the intermediate transfer body 212 is transferred to the surface of the recording medium 15 conveyed to the contact portion in the direction of arrow A by the paper feeding device at the contact portion between the transfer roll 214 and the intermediate transfer body 212.

  The recording medium housed in the paper feeding unit 220 is fed by a recording medium push-up unit (not shown) built in the paper feeding unit 220 to feed the contact portion between the intermediate transfer body 212 and the transfer roll 214. When the recording medium 15 is pushed up to a position where it contacts the roller 222 and contacts the paper feed roller 222, the paper feed roller 222 and the alignment roller 224 rotate to move along the recording medium guide 226 in the direction of arrow A. This is done by being conveyed.

  The toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium 15 moves in the direction of arrow A, and the toner image 14 is pressed against the surface of the recording medium 15 in a molten state in the contact area (nip) between the belt 10 and the pressure roll 11. And fixed on the surface of the recording medium 15. Thereby, an image fixed on the surface of the recording medium is formed.

The surface of the photoconductor 202 after the toner image is transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body 212 is cleaned by the cleaning device 216.
The surface of the photoconductor 202 is cleaned by the cleaning device 216 and then discharged by the charge removing device 218.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1]
-Preparation of base material (PI base material) Flow coater of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of polyimide precursor (polyimide varnish "U varnish-S", manufactured by Ube Industries) on a 30mm diameter mold And then baked to 380 ° C. by the following step temperature increase. Specifically, the step temperature increase is performed from 25 ° C. to 120 ° C., maintained at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, heated from 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., maintained at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and from 250 ° C. The temperature was raised to 380 ° C., maintained at 380 ° C. for 1 hour, and then lowered from 380 ° C. to 25 ° C.
Thereby, a seamless resin tubular body made only of polyimide (resin single layer) having an outer diameter of 30 mm, a film thickness of 60 μm, and a width of 400 mm was obtained.

The surface of the obtained tubular seamless resin tubular body was subjected to a surface roughening treatment using a liquid honing apparatus (manufactured by Fuji Seiki, LH-8TTHiS) so that the surface roughness Ra = 0.5 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. . The honing conditions were as follows: abrasive grain # 320, spray pressure 0.3 MPa, spray distance 100 mm, and processing time 1.5 minutes.
After the abrasive grains on the surface of the roughened seamless resin tubular body were washed away with ion-exchanged water, moisture was removed with compressed air to obtain a PI base material.

-Formation of base metal layer Next, the outer peripheral surface of the PI base material is subjected to alkali etching treatment and washed, and then the PI base material is incorporated into a plating jig and electroless nickel having a thickness of 0.5 μm is obtained by electroless plating treatment. A plating layer (underlying metal layer) was formed.

-Formation of an electromagnetic induction metal layer After forming an electroless nickel plating layer (underlying metal layer), electrodes are set on both ends of the plating jig, and electroplating is performed with a copper sulfate plating solution. A layer (electromagnetic induction metal layer) was formed.
In addition, as the conditions for the above electroplating treatment, the plating solution used was composed of copper sulfate (70 g / L), sulfuric acid (200 g / L), hydrochloric acid (50 mg / L), and the current density was 0.2 A / dm ² . did.

-Formation of a metal protective layer Next, it immersed in the plating solution containing a nickel ion, and nickel electroplating was performed, and the 10-micrometer-thick electrolytic nickel layer (metal protective layer) was formed.

-Formation of adhesive layer and elastic layer Subsequently, primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the A liquid. 100 mg of 32-A agent and primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. as B solution 100 mg of 32-B agent was weighed and stirred in a beaker for 5 minutes to prepare a coating solution for forming an adhesive layer.
Primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. The 32-A agent contains a compound corresponding to the SiH-containing siloxane oligomer and a compound corresponding to tetraalkoxysilane. Specifically, primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. The 32-A agent is represented by the compound represented by the general formula (1) as a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer (R ^{11 to} R ¹⁶ = methyl group, R ¹⁷ = hydrogen) and the general formula (2) as a tetraalkoxysilane. (R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ = methyl group).
In addition, Primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. The 32-B agent contains a compound corresponding to an alkenyl silane coupling agent. Specifically, primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. The 32-B agent contains a compound (R ^{31 to} R ³³ = methyl group, R ³⁴ = vinyl group) represented by the general formula (3) as an alkenyl silane coupling agent.

  A coating solution for forming an adhesive layer was applied to the outer peripheral surface of the metal protective layer using a flow coating method, followed by drying at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an adhesive film. Application of the coating solution for forming the adhesive layer was performed by setting the discharge amount so that the solid film thickness after drying was 1 μm.

Next, liquid silicone rubber (elastic layer forming coating solution, addition polymerization type LSR (liquid) silicone rubber, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) on the surface (outer peripheral surface) of the adhesive film using a spiral coater. : 2086) was applied to a thickness of 500 μm to form a coating film.
Then, after making it dry at 110 degreeC for 20 minutes, it was hardened by heating at 200 degreeC for 4 hours.

-Formation of mold release layer A PFA cylindrical tube (film thickness 30 µm) was coated on the elastic layer, and the mold release layer was adhered by firing at 200 ° C for 4 hours.
Thus, after sequentially forming a metal layer, an adhesive layer, an elastic layer, and a release layer on the outer peripheral surface of the PI base material, both end portions 15 mm were cut off to obtain a fixing belt.
The formed adhesive layer had a thickness of 1 μm, the elastic layer had a thickness of 500 μm, and the release layer had a thickness of 30 μm.

[Example 2]
In the preparation of the adhesive layer forming composition of Example 1, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. primer No. Primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., which used 60 mg of the 32-A agent as the B solution. A belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the 32-B agent was changed to 140 mg.

Example 3
In the preparation of the adhesive layer forming composition of Example 1, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. primer No. Primer No. manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. using 140 mg of the 32-A agent as the B solution. A belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the 32-B agent was changed to 60 mg.

[Comparative Example 1]
In the preparation of the adhesive layer forming composition of Example 1, 100 mg of DY39-111-A manufactured by Toray Dow Corning was used as the A liquid, and DY39-111-B manufactured by Toray Dow Corning was used as the B liquid. A belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 mg of the agent was used.
The DY39-111-A agent manufactured by Toray Dow Corning does not contain a compound corresponding to a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure and includes a compound corresponding to tetraalkoxysilane. Specifically, DY39-111-A agent manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. contains a compound (R ^{21 to} R ²⁴ = methyl group) represented by the general formula (2) as tetraalkoxysilane.
Moreover, DY39-111-B agent manufactured by Toray Dow Corning does not contain a compound corresponding to a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group, but contains other silane compounds.

[Comparative Example 2]
In the preparation of the adhesive layer forming composition of Example 1, 100 mg of X33-156-20 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the A liquid, and 100 mg of DY39-123 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning was used as the B liquid. A belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
X33-156-20 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. does not contain a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure, and contains only a compound represented by the general formula (2) as a silane compound.
Moreover, DY39-123 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning includes a compound corresponding to an alkenyl silane coupling agent. Specifically, DY39-123 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning contains a compound represented by the general formula (3) as an alkenyl-based silane coupling agent.

[Comparative Example 3]
In the preparation of the adhesive layer forming composition of Example 1, 100 mg of Toray Dow Corning primer Y was used as the A liquid, and 100 mg of Toray Dow Corning DY39-111-B agent was used as the B liquid. A belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
In addition, Toray Dow Corning Primer Y includes a compound corresponding to a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer and a compound corresponding to tetraalkoxysilane. Specifically, Toray Dow Corning Primer Y contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) as a SiH-containing siloxane oligomer and a compound represented by the general formula (2) as a tetraalkoxysilane. Moreover, DY39-111-B agent manufactured by Toray Dow Corning does not contain a compound corresponding to a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group, but contains other silane compounds.

<Evaluation method>
[Peeling test after immersion in hot water]
The produced belt was cut into 20 mm widths, immersed in hot water at 95 ° C. for 24 hours, and then subjected to a 90 ° peel test. Of the peeled surface, the nickel plating of the metal protective layer and the exposure of the adhesive layer are visually observed, and the nickel plating and the adhesive layer are not exposed with respect to the peeled area (that is, the area where the elastic layer is cohesive failure) The ratio was calculated and used as the adhesion area ratio (%). In addition, the adhesion area ratio has shown the hot water tolerance with respect to an adhesive bond layer, and a hot water tolerance is so high that a numerical value is high. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Pin-on-disk test]
A belt obtained with the release layer facing up is placed on a friction player (product name: Friction Player FPR-2000, manufactured by Reska Co., Ltd.). The top and bottom were reciprocated. The presence or absence of belt wrinkles was visually observed, and the number of reciprocating motions until “belt wrinkling” (“number of reciprocating motions (reciprocating)” in Table 1) was determined. Note that the greater the number of reciprocating motions until belt wrinkles occur, the higher the adhesiveness, and the occurrence of belt wrinkles is suppressed. The results are shown in Table 1.

In Table 1, “-” means that the corresponding component is not included. Further, “Liquid amount (%)” in Table 1 indicates the blending ratio (volume%) of each of the liquid A and liquid B blended when preparing the adhesive layer forming composition.
As described above, in the example, compared to the comparative example, the adhesion area ratio in the peel test after immersion in hot water is high, and the number of reciprocating motions in the pin-on-disk test is high. It can be seen that the generation of belt wrinkles when used after being exposed for a long time is suppressed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Belt 10A Base material 102 Base metal layer 104 Electromagnetic induction metal layer 106 Metal protective layer 10B Metal layer 10C Adhesive layer 10D Elastic layer 10E Release layer 11 Pressure roll 11A Base material 11B Elastic layer 11C Release layer 12 Electromagnetic induction heat generation Device 13 Opposing member 13A Support member 13B Pad 14 Toner image 15 Recording medium 100 Fixing device 200 Image forming device 202 Photoconductor 204 Charging device 206 Exposure device 210 Developing device 212 Intermediate transfer member 214 Transfer roll

Claims (3)

A tubular substrate;
A metal layer provided on the substrate;
An adhesive layer which is a cured product of a composition provided on the metal layer and including a siloxane oligomer having a SiH structure, a tetraalkoxysilane, and a silane coupling agent having an alkenyl group;
An elastic layer provided on and in contact with the adhesive layer and containing silicone rubber;
An endless belt for an image forming apparatus. An endless belt according to claim 1;
A pressure member that pressurizes an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt and sandwiches a recording medium having an unfixed toner image formed on the surface together with the endless belt;
An electromagnetic induction heating device for generating heat by electromagnetic induction in the metal layer of the endless belt;
A fixing device. An image carrier,
A charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic latent image forming apparatus that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
A developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with toner to form a toner image;
A transfer device for transferring a toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to a recording medium;
The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the toner image is fixed on the recording medium.
An image forming apparatus.