JP2018061379A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dynamo-electric machine in which the number of turns of an induction coil and a field coil can be ensured easily, and spatial harmonic components can be used more efficiently.SOLUTION: A dynamo-electric machine 1 includes an axial gap rotor 3 arranged on at least any one side of a stator 2 in the axial direction, and facing the stator 2 with a gap, and a radial gap rotor 5 arranged on the radial inside or outside of the stator 2 and facing the stator 2 with a gap. The axial gap rotor 3 has an induction coil 23 wound around axial gap rotor teeth 22 and inducing an induction current based on the magnetic flux generated in the stator 2. The radial gap rotor 5 has permanent magnets 33 provided in the radial gap rotor teeth 32, respectively, and a field coil 35 wound around the radial gap rotor teeth 32, respectively, and generating a magnetic field when the induction current flows.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  Embodiments according to the present invention relate to a rotating electrical machine.

  2. Description of the Related Art A rotating electric machine that obtains a magnet torque without using an external power supply by using a spatial harmonic component generated in an armature coil is known.

  A conventional rotating electrical machine is a so-called axial gap type, and includes two rotors that are driven to rotate around a motor shaft, and a stator that is sandwiched between the two rotors in the axial direction of the shaft. The stator includes a plurality of armature coils arranged around the shaft, and each of the rotors rectifies an induction current generated in the induction coil and a plurality of induction coils and a plurality of field coils arranged around the shaft. And a diode to be supplied to the field coil.

  In a conventional rotating electrical machine, a spatial harmonic component is superimposed on a magnetic flux interlinked from a stator core to a rotor core. For this reason, the two rotors generate an induction current in the induction coil by utilizing the change in magnetic flux density of the spatial harmonic component of the magnetic flux linked from the stator, and supply this current to the field coil to generate a magnetomotive force. Have gained.

  The conventional rotating electric machine interlinks the magnetic flux generated by the field coil from the end face of the rotor core to the end face of the stator core, and obtains a magnet torque separately from the magnetic flux of the armature coil that generates the main rotational force. Assists the rotational drive of two rotors.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-119791

  In a conventional rotating electrical machine, an induction coil and a field coil are separately provided to reduce magnetic interference that occurs when both coils are used as one coil.

  However, since the conventional rotating electrical machine winds the induction coil and the field coil around the same rotor teeth, the number of turns of the coil is limited.

  Since both the induced current and the magnetomotive force are proportional to the number of turns of the coil, the restriction on the number of turns of the coil restricts the use of spatial harmonic components.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine that can easily secure the number of turns of an induction coil and a field coil, and that can more efficiently use a spatial harmonic component.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a rotating electrical machine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a stator, an axial gap rotor that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and faces the stator with a gap therebetween, and the stator A radial gap rotor that is disposed on the inside or outside in the radial direction and faces the stator with a gap therebetween, and the stator is provided with a stator core and a plurality of stator cores arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the stator core. A plurality of axial gap rotors having a stator teeth and an armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth, wherein the axial gap rotor faces the stator core and is arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core. Teeth and the axial gear And an induction coil that induces an induction current based on a magnetic flux generated in the stator and wound on a proteaus, and the radial gap rotor is provided on the radial gap rotor core that faces the stator core, and the radial gap rotor core A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core, a permanent magnet provided on each of the radial gap rotor teeth, and the induced current flowing around each of the radial gap rotor teeth And a field coil for generating a magnetic field.

  The rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a stator, an axial gap rotor that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and faces the stator with a gap therebetween, and is disposed in the radial direction of the stator. A radial gap rotor facing the stator with a gap therebetween, the stator comprising a stator core, a plurality of stator teeth provided on the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the stator core, and the stator core or the A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth facing the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core, and the radial gap rotor teeth. Wound on the stator An induction coil that induces an induction current based on a generated magnetic flux, and the axial gap rotor is provided in the axial gap rotor core facing the stator core and in the circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core. A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth arranged at equal intervals, a permanent magnet provided on each of the axial gap rotor teeth, a field coil wound around each of the axial gap rotor teeth and generating a magnetic field when the induced current flows ,have.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is easy to ensure the winding number of an induction coil and a field coil, and can provide the rotary electric machine which can utilize a spatial harmonic component more efficiently by extension.

The figure which looked at the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction in alignment with a rotating shaft. The figure which looked at the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction orthogonal to a rotating shaft. The perspective view of the stator of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the stator core of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The figure which looked at the axial gap rotor of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction in alignment with a rotating shaft. The figure which looked at the axial gap rotor of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction orthogonal to a rotating shaft. The cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The circuit diagram of the dielectric coil and field coil of the rotary electric machine which concern on embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows schematically the change of the magnetic flux which the field coil of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention produces. The figure which shows schematically the change of the magnetic flux which the field coil of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention produces. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13.

  FIG. 1 is a view of a rotating electrical machine according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from a direction along a rotation axis.

  FIG. 2 is a view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment has a substantially cylindrical appearance. The rotating electrical machine 1 includes a cylindrical stator 2, an axial gap rotor 3 that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator 2 and faces the stator 2 with a gap G1 therebetween, and a radially inner side or outer side of the stator 2 And a radial gap rotor 5 facing the stator 2 with a gap G2 therebetween. That is, the rotating electrical machine 1 has both so-called axial gap type and radial gap type structures.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram of a so-called inner rotor type rotating electrical machine 1 including a radial gap rotor 5 disposed on the radially inner side of the stator 2. FIG. 2 is a view of the rotating electrical machine 1 including a pair of axial gap rotors 3 that sandwich the stator 2 from both the axial directions of the stator 2.

  Further, the rotating electrical machine 1 includes a rotating shaft 6 disposed along the center line of the stator 2. The rotating shaft 6 integrally supports a pair of axial gap rotors 3 sandwiching the stator 2. The rotating shaft 6 supports the radial gap rotor 5 in the stator 2 so as to rotate together. That is, the rotating shaft 6 supports the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 so as to rotate together. The axial gap rotor 3, the radial gap rotor 5, and the rotating shaft 6 rotate around the center line of the stator 2. The rotary shaft 6 is rotatably supported by a stator 2 or a casing 7 that accommodates the stator 2, the radial gap rotor 5, and the axial gap rotor 3 via a bearing (not shown).

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the stator core of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the stator 2 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment is provided on the cylindrical stator core 11 and the stator core 11, and in the circumferential direction of the stator core 11. A plurality of stator teeth 12 arranged at equal intervals, and an armature coil 13 wound around the stator core 11 or the stator teeth 12 are provided.

  The stator core 11 is made of a high permeability magnetic material. The surfaces facing the center line direction of the stator core 11, that is, the top surface and the bottom surface are referred to as axial surfaces, and the surfaces facing the radial direction of the stator core 11, that is, the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface are referred to as radial surfaces.

  A plurality of, for example, twelve stator teeth 12 are arranged radially. The stator teeth 12 are integrally molded from the same material as the stator core 11. A pair of adjacent stator teeth 12 defines a status lot. In other words, the status lot is a space sandwiched between the side surfaces of the adjacent stator teeth 12.

  Each stator tooth 12 includes a first tooth portion 15 that protrudes from two axial surfaces of the stator core 11 and a second tooth portion 16 that protrudes from the radial surface of the stator core 11. The first teeth portion 15 has a substantially hexagonal columnar appearance that narrows outward and inward from the central portion of the thickness of the stator core 11. The second tooth portion 16 has a trapezoidal shape that matches the shape inside the first tooth portion 15 and narrows toward the center line of the stator core 11. The second teeth portion 16 extends on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 11 in the longitudinal direction, that is, in a direction parallel to the center line of the stator core 11.

  The armature coil 13 is connected to a three-phase AC power supply (not shown). The armature coil 13 is arranged in the status lot and is wound around the stator core 11. Armature coils 13a, 13b, and 13c connected to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively, are, for example, four poles arranged in parallel in a toroidal manner. The armature coil 13 of each phase sandwiches the stator teeth 12 from both sides. The armature coil 13 may be wound around the stator teeth 12.

  The stator 2 generates magnetic flux when AC power is applied to the armature coil 13, and the magnetic flux is linked from the axial surface of the stator core 11 to the axial gap rotor 3, and from the radial surface of the stator core 11 to the radial gap rotor 5. Interlink. The stator teeth 12 function as electromagnets that generate magnetic flux that rotates the radial gap rotor 5 when AC power is supplied to the armature coil 13.

  FIG. 5 is a view of the axial gap rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from the direction along the rotation axis.

  FIG. 6 is a view of the axial gap rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis.

    As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the axial gap rotor 3 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment faces the nonmagnetic member 21 and the stator core 11 and surrounds the axial gap rotor core 21. A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22 arranged at equal intervals in the direction, and an induction coil 23 that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the axial gap rotor teeth 22 and is generated in the stator 2 are provided.

  The axial gap rotor 3 is obtained by integrating a nonmagnetic member 21, a plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22, and an induction coil 23, for example, by curing resin.

  The nonmagnetic member 21 is made of a nonmagnetic material such as a nonmagnetic metal (for example, aluminum) or a resin. Axial gap rotor teeth 22 are attached to the nonmagnetic member 21, and the relative positions of the plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22 are determined. Magnetic resistance between the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor and between the plurality of axial gap rotor teeth is increased by the nonmagnetic member 21 (and resin).

  A plurality of, for example, eight axial gap rotor teeth 22 have segment structures arranged radially to guide the second harmonic component. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 are short rods having a substantially trapezoidal cross section, and the short sides of the trapezoid are arranged on the radially inner side, and the long sides of the trapezoid are arranged on the radially outer side. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 are made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 extend in a direction parallel to the center line of the rotation shaft 6.

  The induction coil 23 is concentratedly wound around the axial gap rotor teeth 22. The induction coil 23 is not connected to an external power source. The induction coil 23 wound for each axial gap rotor tooth 22 is connected in series in the entire axial gap rotor 3. Note that the induction coil 23 does not have to be wound around all the axial gap rotor teeth 22, and may be wound around at least one of the axial gap rotor teeth 22.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 sets the ratio of the number of salient poles on the axial surface of the stator 2 (that is, the number of first tooth portions 15) to the number of cores of the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 to 3: 2, Use spatial harmonic components efficiently as a field energy source.

  Since the nonmagnetic member 21 is interposed between the axial gap rotor teeth 22 having the segment structure and the radial gap rotor 5, the second-order spatial harmonic component interferes with the magnetic path of the fundamental magnetic flux of the radial gap rotor 5. do not do.

  In addition, since the nonmagnetic member 21 and the resin are interposed between the plurality of axial cap rotor teeth 22, the magnetic path of the fundamental wave magnetic flux is not formed, and the magnetic path of only the second spatial harmonic component is formed. Therefore, the drag torque on the axial surface (also called “brake torque”) is greatly reduced. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 having a segment structure suppress the iron loss caused by the linkage of magnetic fluxes by minimizing the magnetic path.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a quarter of the rotating electrical machine 1, that is, a 90-degree region, but the other regions have the same structure.

  As shown in FIG. 7 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the radial gap rotor 5 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor core 31 facing the stator core 11, and a radial gap rotor 31 provided on the radial gap rotor core 31. A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth 32 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31, permanent magnets 33 provided on the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and the radial gap rotor teeth 32 are respectively wound around the induction coil 23 and induced. And a field coil 35 that generates a magnetic field when an induced current is applied.

  The radial gap rotor 3 and the axial gap rotor 5 are integrally formed, or are combined through a rotating shaft 6 and are integrally rotated.

  A plurality of, for example, eight radial gap rotor teeth 32 are arranged radially. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 extend outward in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 are made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The numbers of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the stator teeth 12 are different. Therefore, when the stator core 11 and the radial gap rotor 5 rotate relatively, the outer peripheral surface of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 is appropriately close to and faces the inner peripheral surface of the stator teeth 12.

  A pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32 defines a rotor slot. The rotor slot is a space sandwiched between side surfaces of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The permanent magnet 33 is embedded in the radial gap rotor teeth 32. Two permanent magnets 33 are arranged for each radial gap rotor tooth 32. The two permanent magnets 33 are arranged in a single character type. A bridge portion 36 is provided between the two permanent magnets 33. The two permanent magnets 33 may be arranged in a V shape.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32 has a tip 51 that is disposed closer to the stator 2 than the permanent magnet 33. The tip 51 is a magnetic path through which magnetic flux passes between the permanent magnet 33 and the magnetic path member 38 and between the permanent magnet 33 and the stator teeth 12 (second teeth portion 16). The tip 51 corresponds to the protruding end of the radial gap rotor teeth 32. Of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, the root side from the tip 51, that is, the side farther from the stator 2 than the tip 51 extends with a substantially uniform width dimension. A portion extending from the center side of the radial gap rotor 5 to the tip end portion 51 with the substantially uniform width dimension is referred to as a uniform width portion 52. The tip 51 has an arcuate outer peripheral surface having a radius from the center of the radial gap rotor 5. The tip 51 has a shape protruding toward the magnetic path member 38 from the permanent magnet 33. Specifically, it has a protrusion 51a that extends beyond the width of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and enters the rotor slot in a wedge shape.

  The permanent magnet 33 is installed with a pair of radial gap rotor teeth 32 adjacent to each other with the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) facing in reverse. On the entire circumference of the radial gap rotor 5, the permanent magnet 33 is installed with the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) alternately turned in reverse for each radial gap rotor tooth 32. Focusing on a certain stator tooth 12 (second tooth portion 16), when the radial gap rotor 5 and the stator 2 rotate relative to each other, the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet 33 are alternately repeated repeatedly. Face the two teeth 16).

  The field coil 35 is concentratedly wound around the equal width portion 52 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 while avoiding the front end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32. The field coil 35 is concentratedly wound around the equal width portion 52 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 by utilizing the rotor slot.

  The field coil 35 generates a magnetic field in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33. In other words, the field coil 35 is wound in a direction that generates a magnetic field that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33. On the entire circumference of the radial gap rotor 5, the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) of the permanent magnet 33 are alternately installed in the opposite directions for each radial gap rotor tooth 32, so that the field coil 35 is also a radial gap rotor. The teeth 32 are alternately wound in opposite directions. The field coil 35 wound for each radial gap rotor tooth 32 is connected in series in the entire radial gap rotor 5. Note that the field coil 35 may be connected in parallel or may be provided with a separate circuit.

  FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a dielectric coil and a field coil of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the rotating electrical machine 1 according to this embodiment supplies an AC induced current generated in the induction coil 23 to the field coil 35 as a DC field current. The rotating electrical machine 1 causes a field current to flow through the field coil 35 and causes the magnetic path member 38 to function as an electromagnet. The induction coil 23 a is, for example, the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 disposed on one side of the stator 2 in the axial direction, and the induction coil 23 b is, for example, an axial gap rotor disposed on the other side of the stator 2 in the axial direction. 3 induction coils 23.

  The induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are connected via diodes 71a and 71b. In other words, the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are incorporated together with the diodes 71a and 71b in a closed circuit that is not connected to a circuit such as an external power source as an induction circuit and a field circuit.

  In this closed circuit, the AC induced current generated in the induction coil 23 is half-wave rectified via the diodes 71 a and 71 b to be adjusted to a DC field current, and then merged and supplied to the field coil 35.

  The diodes 71a and 71b are connected so as to have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and constitute a neutral-point clamp type half-wave rectifier circuit that inverts the induction current of the induction coil 23 and outputs half-wave rectification.

  As described above, the rotating electrical machine 1 includes the stator 2 that is toroidally concentratedly wound, the axial gap rotor 3 that has the induction coil 23 disposed on the axial surface of the stator 2, and the field coil 35 that is disposed on the radial surface of the stator 2. A radial gap rotor 5. The rotating electrical machine 1 configured as described above generates magnetic flux by energizing the armature coil 13 of the stator 2. This magnetic flux interlinks with the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 facing from the radial surface of the stator teeth 12. The rotating electrical machine 1 uses a reluctance torque that tries to minimize the magnetic path of the magnetic flux linked between the stator teeth 12 and the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and a magnetic repulsion force of the permanent magnet 33 and a magnet torque due to a magnet attraction force. The radial gap rotor 5 is rotated. The rotating electrical machine 1 outputs mechanical energy from the rotating shaft 6 that rotates integrally with the radial gap rotor 5.

  By the way, when a general fixed field type permanent magnet synchronous motor is driven at a high speed, a counter electromotive force (also referred to as stator winding induced electromotive force or speed electromotive force) due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet increases. . Therefore, voltage limit control using an inverter, so-called weakening magnetic flux control, is performed so that the voltage of the back electromotive force does not exceed the power supply voltage. This weakening magnetic flux control generates a vector that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet in the direction of the magnetic flux vector that does not contribute to torque. Therefore, the flux-weakening control requires useless energy that does not contribute to the output of the motor and reduces efficiency. Further, the flux weakening control greatly distorts the magnetic flux in the gap between the stator and the rotor, generates a harmonic component, increases iron loss, and increases electromagnetic vibration. Further, the flux weakening control generates a reverse magnetic field vector facing the permanent magnet to suppress the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, so that a magnet having a relatively high coercive force is required and the cost is increased.

  In the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment, the harmonic component is superimposed on the magnetic flux interlinking from the stator tooth 12 to the radial gap rotor tooth 32. The harmonic component superimposed on the magnetic flux of the fundamental frequency is linked to the axial gap rotor teeth 22 while changing in time with a period different from the fundamental frequency.

  Therefore, the rotating electrical machine 1 generates an induction current in the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 by using the change in the magnetic flux density of the harmonic component of the magnetic flux interlinking from the stator 2 to the axial gap rotor 3. That is, the induction coil 23 efficiently generates an induction current without using external power by using the second harmonic component. As a result, the rotating electrical machine 1 collects harmonic components that cause iron loss as energy for self-excitation.

  9 and 10 are diagrams schematically showing a change in magnetic flux generated by the field coil of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  9 and 10 show the magnetic flux generated in the radial gap rotor 5 by arrows and omit the magnetic flux generated in the stator 2.

  FIG. 9 shows a state when the rotating electrical machine 1 is rotating at a low speed, and FIG. 10 shows a state when the rotating electrical machine 1 is rotating at a high speed.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 rectifies the induced current generated by the induction coil 23 with the diodes 71a and 71b, and flows the rectified induced current through the field coil 35 as a field current. The field coil 35 is self-excited when a field current flows, and the field coil 35 generates a magnetic field in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33. The induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil 23 increases with an increase in the rotation speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 based on Faraday's law, that is, has a positive correlation. FIG. 9 illustrates a state in which the rotating electrical machine 1 rotates at a low speed and the induced electromotive force is small, and thus the illustration of the field current (or the electromotive force of the field coil) is omitted. On the other hand, FIG. 10 illustrates a field current (or an electromotive force of a field coil) because the rotating electrical machine 1 rotates at a low speed and the induced electromotive force is large. Since the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil 23 increases as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases, the field coil 35 cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 more strongly (largely) as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases. . As a result, the rotating electrical machine 1 changes the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 according to the change in the rotational speed. In other words, the rotating electrical machine 1 varies the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 in accordance with the change in rotational speed. 9 and 10 show the influence of the magnetic force of the magnetic path member 38 by the thickness of the arrow. Since the rotating electrical machine 1 varies the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2, when the magnetic flux amount interlinked with the stator 2 is expressed as “φ”, the stator terminal voltage V = the number of armature coil turns N × dφ / dt. The increase of the stator terminal voltage V can be prevented.

  Therefore, the rotating electrical machine 1 controls the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2 to prevent the stator terminal voltage V from increasing, and hence the field weakening control can be made unnecessary. The rotating electrical machine 1 significantly reduces motor electromagnetic vibration caused by field weakening control. And the rotary electric machine 1 increases the output at the time of high rotation, and improves efficiency.

  Moreover, since the rotary electric machine 1 cancels out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 more strongly as the rotation speed increases, it is particularly suitable in a high rotation region where the induced electromotive force increases.

  Note that the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 do not always need to be rotationally integrated as long as the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are electrically connected.

  Next, another example of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. In the rotating electrical machines 1A and 1B described in each example, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the rotating electrical machine 1 in FIGS.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> A according to the present embodiment includes a magnetic path member 38 disposed between adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The field coil 35 </ b> A is collectively wound around a pair of magnetic path members 38 sandwiching the radial gap rotor teeth 32 together with the radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The magnetic path member 38 is disposed in the rotor slot. The magnetic path member 38 is made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The magnetic path member 38 extends parallel to the rotational center of the radial gap rotor 5 in the axial direction of the radial gap rotor 5. The magnetic path member 38 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the radial gap rotor 5, and each of the pair of radial gap rotor teeth 32 adjacent to each other from the back side of the rotor slot, that is, the side close to the root of the radial gap rotor teeth 32. It has a V shape extending toward the tip 51. The magnetic path member 38 forms a magnetic path (hereinafter simply referred to as “magnetic path” or “bypass magnetic path”) that short-circuits between the tip portions 51 of a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The pair of arm portions 81 extending in a V shape has a plate shape around which the field coil 35 can be wound. The arm portion 81 extends in parallel to the rotation center of the radial gap rotor 5 and extends in parallel to a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The arm portion 81 extends from a portion close to the root of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 (referred to as a base portion 82) toward the distal end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  A gap G <b> 3 is provided between the distal end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the arm portion 81 of the magnetic path member 38.

  The gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 38 is wider than the gap G4 between the stator teeth 12 and the radial gap rotor core 31. The gap G <b> 3 is the shortest distance between the protrusion 51 a of the tip 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the arm 81 of the magnetic path member 38. The gap G4 is the shortest distance between the innermost peripheral surface of the second tooth portion 16 of the stator 2 and the outermost peripheral surface of the tip portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and substantially the stator 2 and the radial gap rotor 5 It is the same as the gap G2.

  When the gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 38 is separated by a gap (air), the magnetic path member 38 is fixed to the radial gap rotor core 31 at each end in the axial direction of the radial gap rotor core 31. The The gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 38 may be filled with a non-magnetic material, such as a resin, instead of a gap. In this case, the magnetic path member 38 is fixed to the radial gap rotor core 31 with a resin that fills the gap G3.

  The magnetic path member 38 is divided by a V-shaped bottom, that is, a base portion 82. There is a gap G5 in the divided portion. Note that the magnetic path member 38 may be an integrated product without the gap G5.

  The rotating electrical machine 1A rectifies the induced current generated by the induction coil 23 with the diodes 71a and 71b, and flows the rectified induced current through the field coil 35A as a field current. The field coil 35 </ b> A is self-excited when a field current flows, generates a magnetic field in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33, and forms a magnetic pole in the magnetic path member 38, that is, the bypass magnetic path. Since the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil 23 increases as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases, the field coil 35 </ b> A increases the magnetic force of the magnetic path member 38 as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases, and the permanent magnet 33. A magnetic field is generated in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the first magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 (33a, 33b) embedded in the adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32 (32a, 32b) is short-circuited in the radial gap rotor 5. As a result, the rotating electrical machine 1A changes the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 in accordance with the change in the rotational speed. In other words, the rotating electrical machine 1A varies the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 in accordance with the change in the rotational speed. Since the rotating electrical machine 1A varies the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2, when the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2 is expressed as “φ”, the stator terminal voltage V = the rotational speed N × dφ / dt. An increase in stator terminal voltage V can be prevented.

  The rotating electrical machine 1A causes the magnetic flux of the field coil 35A to act on the magnetic path member 38 even when it is difficult to cause the magnetic flux of the field coil 35A to act on the permanent magnet 33 due to the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet 33. Next-order harmonic components can be used efficiently.

  Further, in the rotating electrical machine 1A, since the gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 38 is wider than the gap G4 between the stator teeth 12 and the radial gap rotor core 31, the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 38 are used. Is larger than the magnetic resistance between the stator core 11 and the radial gap rotor core 31. This reduces a short circuit of magnetic flux between the permanent magnets 33 via the magnetic path member 38 and suppresses a decrease in torque at the time of low rotation with a small field current flowing through the field coil 35A.

  FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the rotating electrical machine 1B according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor tooth 32B.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> B have a first gap 91 that is concave toward the stator core 11 and a second gap 92 that is concave toward the stator core 11 and closer to the stator core 11 than the first gap 91. .

  The first gap 91 is closer to the root side of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> B than the second gap 92. The second gap 92 is closer to the outer peripheral portion of the radial gap rotor teeth 32B than the first gap 91, and is disposed substantially in the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge.

  There are a plurality of permanent magnets 33, which are arranged in each of the first gap 91 and the second gap 92. The permanent magnet 33 includes a pair of permanent magnets 33a disposed in the center in the width direction of the radial gap rotor teeth 32B in the first gap 91 and the center in the width direction of the radial gap rotor teeth 32B in the second gap 92. And a permanent magnet 33b disposed in the section.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> B includes a pair of first flux barriers 95 provided in a portion closer to the stator core 11 than the permanent magnet 33 disposed in the first gap 91 in the first gap 91, and the second of the second gaps 92. And a pair of second flux barriers 96 provided closer to the stator core 11 than the permanent magnet 33 disposed in the two gaps 92. The first flux barrier 95 and the second flux barrier 96 are mere gaps (air gaps, spaces).

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32B form a magnetic path between the first gap 91 and the second gap 92, and form a magnetic path closer to the root side of the radial gap rotor teeth 32B than the first gap 91. Such a multi-strand magnetic path increases the reluctance torque. That is, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 to the radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> B that increase the reluctance torque through a plurality of concave gaps (the first gap 91 and the second gap 92). Is applied to the field coil 35 for generating

  The rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment configured as described above wind the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35, 35 </ b> A around separate rotors (that is, the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5). Therefore, compared with the case where the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35A are wound around the same rotor as in a conventional rotating electric machine, a larger area for winding each coil can be secured. This increases the number of turns of each of the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35A, and increases the utilization efficiency of the spatial harmonics.

  In general, in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), an induced voltage is generated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 as it rotates, and there is a risk that the induced circuit may damage a power supply circuit that exceeds the power supply voltage of the motor. For this reason, in the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the upper limit of the rotational speed is set in order to avoid damage to the power supply circuit.

  Therefore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment perform the field weakening that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 with the magnetic flux generated by the field coils 35, 35 </ b> A, thereby reducing the induced voltage accompanying the rotation, The upper limit of the allowable number of rotations can be increased with the same resistant power supply circuit.

  FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Note that the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment are not limited to the inner rotor type in which the radial gap rotor 5 is disposed inside the stator 2 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12, and as illustrated in FIG. 13, An outer rotor type in which the radial gap rotor 5 is disposed outside the stator 2 may be used.

  In this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B are disposed in at least one of the cylindrical stator 2 and the axial direction of the stator 2, and the axial gap rotor 3 that faces the stator 2 with a gap G <b> 1 therebetween, and the stator 2 and a radial gap rotor 5 that faces the stator 2 with a gap G2 therebetween. The second tooth portion 16 of the stator 2 has a trapezoidal shape that matches the outer shape of the first tooth portion 15 and narrows toward the center line of the stator core 11. The second teeth portion 16 extends on the outer peripheral surface of the stator core 11 in the longitudinal direction, that is, in a direction parallel to the center line of the stator core 11. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 extend inward in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5.

  The rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment include an axial gap rotor core formed of the same material as the axial gap rotor teeth 22 instead of the nonmagnetic member 21 or separately from the nonmagnetic member 21. May be. In this case, the axial gap rotor core and the axial gap rotor teeth 22 can be integrally formed, and the manufacturing cost and the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.

  The rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment include a nonmagnetic member 21 and an induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3, a radial gap rotor core 31 of the radial gap rotor 5, field coils 35 and 35 </ b> A, and permanent magnets. 33 and the magnetic path member 34 may be interchanged. That is, the radial gap rotor 5 of the rotating electrical machine 1 is wound around the plurality of radial gap rotor teeth 32 and 32B and the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and 32B facing the nonmagnetic member 21 and the stator core 11 and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The axial gap rotor 3 includes an axial gap rotor core 21 facing the stator core 11, and the axial gap rotor core 21 provided in the axial gap rotor core 21. A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of 21, a permanent magnet 33 provided on each of the axial gap rotor teeth 22, and an induction coil 23 wound around each of the axial gap rotor teeth 22. A field coil 35,35A the induced induced current was generates the magnetic field flows, may have a. Even in this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment are formed of the same material as the axial gap rotor teeth 22 instead of the nonmagnetic member 21 or separately from the nonmagnetic member 21. An axial gap rotor core may be provided.

  Furthermore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment are not limited to those that use the magnetomotive force of the field coils 35 and 35 </ b> A in a direction that weakens the magnetic flux of the armature coil 13 and the permanent magnet 33. If there is no restriction on the power supply voltage of the inverter, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment use the magnetomotive force of the field coils 35, 35 </ b> A as in the conventional technology. You may use in the direction which strengthens magnetic flux. In this case, the field coils 35 and 35A are wound in the opposite direction as in FIG.

  Furthermore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment are not limited to the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35, 35 </ b> A that are divided into the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5. In the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment, a coil that serves both as the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35 </ b> A may be provided in each of the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5. In this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B according to the present embodiment wind the coils that also serve as the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35 </ b> A around different rotors (that is, the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5). Therefore, compared with the case where the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35A are wound around the same rotor as in a conventional rotating electric machine, a larger area for winding each coil can be secured.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment has a structure that does not require energy to be input to the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 from the outside, and is preferably mounted on, for example, a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. Has performance.

  Therefore, according to the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, and 1B according to the present invention, it is easy to secure the number of turns of the induction coil 23 and the field coils 35 and 35A, and the space harmonic components can be used more efficiently. .

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A, 1B ... Rotary electric machine, 2 ... Stator, 3 ... Axial gap rotor, 5 ... Radial gap rotor, 6 ... Rotary shaft, 7 ... Casing, 11 ... Stator core, 12 ... Stator teeth, 13, 13a, 13b, 13c DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Armature coil, 15 ... 1st teeth part, 16 ... 2nd teeth part, 21 ... Nonmagnetic member, 22 ... Axial gap rotor teeth, 23, 23a, 23b ... Induction coil, 31 ... Radial gap rotor core, 32, 32a , 32b ... radial gap rotor teeth, 33, 33a, 33b ... permanent magnets, 35, 35A ... field coils, 36 ... bridge parts, 38 ... magnetic path members, 51 ... tip parts, 51a ... projecting parts, 71a, 71b ... Diode, 81 ... Arm, 82 ... Base, 91 ... First gap, 92 ... Second gap, 95 ... First flux bar A, 96 ... second flux barrier.

Claims (6)

A stator,
An axial gap rotor disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween;
A radial gap rotor disposed on the radially inner side or the outer side of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween,
The stator is
A stator core;
A plurality of stator teeth provided in the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core;
An armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth,
The axial gap rotor is
An axial gap rotor core facing the stator core;
A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth provided in the axial gap rotor core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core;
An induction coil that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the axial gap rotor teeth and is generated in the stator, and
The radial gap rotor is
A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth facing the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core;
A permanent magnet provided in each of the radial gap rotor teeth;
A rotating electrical machine comprising: a field coil wound around each of the radial gap rotor teeth and generating a magnetic field when the induced current flows. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the field coil generates a magnetic field in a direction that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. A magnetic path member disposed between the adjacent radial gap rotor teeth;
3. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the field coil is wound around a pair of the magnetic path members sandwiching the radial gap rotor teeth together with the radial gap rotor teeth. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein an interval between the radial gap rotor teeth and the magnetic path member is wider than an interval between the stator teeth and the radial gap rotor core. The radial gap rotor teeth includes a first gap that is concave toward the stator core, and a second gap that is concave toward the stator core and closer to the stator core than the first gap.
The permanent magnet is disposed in each of the first gap and the second gap,
A pair of first flux barriers provided in a portion closer to the stator core than the permanent magnet disposed in the first gap among the first gap;
The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, further comprising: a pair of second flux barriers provided in a portion closer to the stator core than the permanent magnet disposed in the second gap among the second gap. A stator,
An axial gap rotor disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween;
A radial gap rotor disposed in the radial direction of the stator and facing the stator across a gap,
The stator is
A stator core;
A plurality of stator teeth provided in the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core;
An armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth, and the radial gap rotor is
A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth facing the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core;
An induction coil that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the radial gap rotor teeth and generated in the stator, and
The axial gap rotor is
An axial gap rotor core facing the stator core;
A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth provided in the axial gap rotor core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core;
A permanent magnet provided in each of the axial gap rotor teeth;
A rotating electrical machine having a field coil wound around each of the axial gap rotor teeth and generating a magnetic field when the induced current flows.

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