JP2018046336A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2018046336A5
JP2018046336A5 JP2016177864A JP2016177864A JP2018046336A5 JP 2018046336 A5 JP2018046336 A5 JP 2018046336A5 JP 2016177864 A JP2016177864 A JP 2016177864A JP 2016177864 A JP2016177864 A JP 2016177864A JP 2018046336 A5 JP2018046336 A5 JP 2018046336A5
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photoelectric conversion
conversion units
parallax
image data
pixel group
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JP2018046336A (en
JP6748529B2 (en
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Priority to CN202010634846.6A priority patent/CN111741200B/en
Priority to CN201710177592.8A priority patent/CN107295221B/en
Priority to US15/478,426 priority patent/US10404905B2/en
Publication of JP2018046336A publication Critical patent/JP2018046336A/en
Priority to US16/509,986 priority patent/US11006036B2/en
Publication of JP2018046336A5 publication Critical patent/JP2018046336A5/ja
Publication of JP6748529B2 publication Critical patent/JP6748529B2/en
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前述したように、オフセット量を領域に応じて複数の光電変換部101aと101b、102aと102bの分割方向であるX方向に関して変えることにより、領域A、B、Cの画素へと入射する光束の主光線が、光軸と距離Ds1で交わる(図1(b)。これはすなわち、画素群Iが、前述のシュリンク率によって決まる撮像素子1の設定瞳距離Ds0よりも短い、設定瞳距離Ds1を有するセンサであることと等価である。この場合、画素群Iの光電変換部101a,101bは、像高に関わらず、設定瞳距離Ds1にある瞳領域を、略均等に分割する。 As described above, by changing the offset amount with respect to the X direction, which is the dividing direction of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 101a and 101b and 102a and 102b, according to the region, the light flux incident on the pixels in the regions A, B, and C The principal ray intersects the optical axis at a distance Ds1 (FIG. 1 (b) ) . In other words, this is equivalent to the pixel group I being a sensor having a set pupil distance Ds1 that is shorter than the set pupil distance Ds0 of the image sensor 1 determined by the shrink rate. In this case, the photoelectric conversion units 101a and 101b of the pixel group I divide the pupil region at the set pupil distance Ds1 substantially evenly regardless of the image height.

各画素20はマイクロレンズ100を1つ有しており、画素群Iでは、図のZ方向下側に複数の光電変換部201a及び201bが、画素群IIでは、光電変換部202a及び202bが配設される。光電変換部201a,201b,202a,202bの−Y方向に隣接した領域には、浮遊拡散領域204(保持部)が配設される。転送トランジスタのゲートである転送ゲート電極203は、各々光電変換部201a,201b,202a,202bで発生した電荷を浮遊拡散領域204に転送する。撮像素子2では、同一の画素群を構成する2行の転送ゲート電極203同士が対向するように配置されており、浮遊拡散領域204はこの転送ゲート電極203同士が対向する位置で2行にまたがって共有されている。すなわち、浮遊拡散領域204はそれぞれ一対の画素の4つの光電変換部201aと201b、202aと202bで共有される構成となっている。なお、第2の実施形態では、画素間で浮遊拡散領域204が共有される構成としているが、これに限定されない。 Each pixel 20 has one microlens 100. In the pixel group I, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 201a and 201b are provided on the lower side in the Z direction in FIG. 5 , and in the pixel group II, photoelectric conversion units 202a and 202b are provided. Arranged. A floating diffusion region 204 (holding unit) is disposed in a region adjacent to the −Y direction of the photoelectric conversion units 201a, 201b, 202a, and 202b. The transfer gate electrode 203 that is the gate of the transfer transistor transfers charges generated in the photoelectric conversion units 201 a, 201 b, 202 a, and 202 b to the floating diffusion region 204. In the image sensor 2, the two rows of transfer gate electrodes 203 constituting the same pixel group are arranged to face each other, and the floating diffusion region 204 extends over two rows at a position where the transfer gate electrodes 203 face each other. Are shared. That is, the floating diffusion region 204 is configured to be shared by the four photoelectric conversion units 201a and 201b and 202a and 202b of a pair of pixels. In the second embodiment, the floating diffusion region 204 is shared between four pixels. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

次に、第3の実施形態の撮像装置300における焦点検出動作に関して説明する。上述したように、撮像素子1(または2)の画素群は複数の光電変換部(光電変換部A、光電変換部B)を備えている。そのために、互いに異なる瞳領域からの一対の光束によってそれぞれの受光面に視差を有する一対の被写体像を得ることができる。一対の被写体像は夫々画像データ1及び画像データ2に相当する。また、画像データ1及び画像データ2が有する視差は、撮レンズの焦点位置等によって変化する。具体的には、合焦している場合に視差はなくなり、合焦状態からのずれ量に応じて視差は増加する。つまり、ピント状態によって視差量は異なる。このことにより、各画像データ間に生じる視差量を用いることによって、適切なピント位置を求めたり、画像データ内の被写体までの距離を求めたりすることが可能となる。 Next, a focus detection operation in the imaging apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment will be described. As described above, the pixel group of the image sensor 1 (or 2) includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units (photoelectric conversion unit A and photoelectric conversion unit B). Therefore, a pair of subject images having parallax on each light receiving surface can be obtained by a pair of light beams from different pupil regions. The pair of subject images correspond to image data 1 and image data 2, respectively. Also, the parallax image data 1 and image data 2 has varies depending on the focal position of the shooting lens. Specifically, the parallax disappears when focused, and the parallax increases according to the amount of deviation from the focused state. That is, the amount of parallax varies depending on the focus state. Thus, by using the amount of parallax generated between the respective image data, it is possible to obtain an appropriate focus position and to obtain the distance to the subject in the image data.

Figure 2018046336
ただし、Ax、Bxは画像データにおいて指定した行の複数の光電変換部それぞれの出力信号値である。sはシフト量であり、q、pは所定の列番号である。つまり、光電変換部Aの信号と行方向にs画素分だけ光電変換部Bの信号値をシフトさせたものとの差分をとることで、相関値Cを求めることができる。そして、所定の範囲でシフト量sを変化させて相関値Cを求め、極小となるシフト量sが視差量に相当する。そして、極小となるシフト量sに対して所定の係数を乗算することによって、フォーカス位置を算出可能である。このフォーカス位置に基づいてフォーカス駆動回路326を制御することで、被写体に対して焦点調節を行うことが可能となる。
Figure 2018046336
However, Ax and Bx are output signal values of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units in the row designated in the image data. s is a shift amount, and q and p are predetermined column numbers. That is, the correlation value C can be obtained by taking the difference between the signal of the photoelectric conversion unit A and the signal value of the photoelectric conversion unit B shifted by s pixels in the row direction. The correlation value C is obtained by changing the shift amount s within a predetermined range, and the minimum shift amount s corresponds to the parallax amount. The focus position can be calculated by multiplying the minimum shift amount s by a predetermined coefficient. By controlling the focus drive circuit 326 based on this focus position, it is possible to perform focus adjustment on the subject.

JP2016177864A 2016-04-08 2016-09-12 Imaging device and imaging device Active JP6748529B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

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JP2016177864A JP6748529B2 (en) 2016-09-12 2016-09-12 Imaging device and imaging device
CN202010634846.6A CN111741200B (en) 2016-04-08 2017-03-23 Image sensor and image pickup apparatus
CN201710177592.8A CN107295221B (en) 2016-04-08 2017-03-23 Image sensor and image pickup apparatus
US15/478,426 US10404905B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-04-04 Image sensor and image capturing apparatus
US16/509,986 US11006036B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2019-07-12 Image sensor and image capturing apparatus

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WO2008132812A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-11-06 Nikon Corporation Solid-state imaging element and imaging device using same
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JP2015087511A (en) * 2013-10-30 2015-05-07 キヤノン株式会社 Focus detector, control method for the same, control program and imaging apparatus
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