JP2018035570A - Shovel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shovel capable of further preventing air that contains relatively small dusts from entering an engine.SOLUTION: A shovel includes an engine as power source and an air cleaner for filtering air to be supplied to the engine, having an outer element and an inner element that can capture dusts which are similar to or smaller than the dusts captured by the outer element.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavator and the like.

  An excavator that uses an engine as a power source is provided with an air cleaner including a filter (element) that filters dust of air introduced into the engine (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2015-98726

  The air cleaner may be further provided with an element (hereinafter referred to as “inner element”) inside a substantially cylindrical element (hereinafter referred to as “outer element”). By providing the inner element, it is possible to prevent relatively large dust in the atmosphere from entering the engine from the portion from which the outer element is removed when the outer element is replaced or removed for cleaning or the like.

  However, when cleaning the outer element, if a relatively large amount of dust is contained in the atmosphere of the work place, there is a possibility that relatively small dust may adhere to the inner surface of the outer element. For example, when cleaning the outer element by blowing compressed air from the air compressor onto the inner surface of the outer element, if the compressed air itself contains relatively small dust, the inner surface of the outer element There is a possibility that relatively small dust may adhere. Therefore, depending on the dust capturing performance of the inner element, there is a risk that relatively small dust attached to the inner surface of the outer element attached to the air cleaner may pass through the inner element and enter the engine.

  Then, in view of the said subject, it aims at providing the shovel etc. which can suppress further the penetration | invasion to the engine of the air containing a comparatively small dust.

In one embodiment of the invention,
An engine as a power source,
An air cleaner for filtering air supplied to the engine, comprising an outer element and an inner element capable of capturing dust that is as small as or more than the outer element.
An excavator is provided.

In another embodiment of the present invention,
An inner element used for an excavator air cleaner,
Capable of catching dust as small as or more than the outer element,
An inner element is provided.

  According to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to provide an excavator that can further suppress the intrusion of air containing relatively small dust into the engine.

It is a left view of an excavator. It is the schematic which shows an example of a structure inside the house of an upper turning body. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the left side part of an upper turning body. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the mounting structure of the air cleaner in an upper turning body. It is an exploded view which shows an example of the structure of an air cleaner. It is sectional drawing of the axial direction of an air cleaner. It is a figure explaining the effect | action by a pleat structure.

  Hereinafter, non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In the description of all attached drawings, the same or corresponding members or parts are denoted by the same or corresponding reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Also, the drawings are not intended to show relative ratios between members or parts unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, specific dimensions can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art in light of the following non-limiting embodiments.

  In addition, the embodiments described below are examples, not limiting the invention, and all features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention.

  First, the basic configuration of the excavator according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 1 is a left side view of an example of an excavator according to the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, a hydraulic excavator will be described as an example of an excavator.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator mainly includes a lower traveling body 1, an upper swing body 2, an attachment 3, and the like. An upper swing body 2 is mounted on the upper portion of the lower traveling body 1 so as to be capable of swinging, and an attachment 3 is attached to the front side of the upper swing body 2. The attachment 3 includes a drilling attachment including a boom 4, an arm 5, and a bucket 6.

  In the present specification, the front side of the upper swing body 2 is a portion located in the direction in which the boom 4 is attached as viewed from the center of the upper swing body 2. Further, the left side of the upper swing body 2 is a portion of the upper swing body 2 that is located on the left when the operator faces forward (X1 direction). The right side of the upper swing body 2 is a portion of the upper swing body 2 that is positioned to the right when the operator faces forward (X1 direction).

  The lower traveling body 1 is mainly composed of a pair of left and right crawlers, and can move the shovel forward or backward.

  The upper swing body 2 mainly includes a cab 2a, a swing frame 2b, a house frame 2c, a house cover 2d, and the like. The cab 2 a is installed on the left side of the front part of the upper swing body 2. The turning frame 2b constitutes the bottom of the upper turning body 2 and supports the cab 2a and the like. The house frame 2c constitutes a framework of a house part disposed behind the cab 2a on the revolving frame 2b, and the house cover 2d constitutes an outer shell on an upper surface and a side surface of the house part. That is, the house part mainly includes a house frame 2c, a house cover 2d, and the like.

  In addition, a boom 4 is pivotally attached to the center of the front part of the upper swing body 2, and an arm 5 is connected to the tip of the boom 4 so as to be vertically rotatable. The bucket 6 is attached so as to be rotatable up and down.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the structure inside the house of the shovel will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the inside of the house of the upper swing body 2. FIG. 3 is a view of the upper swing body 2 as viewed from the left side. Specifically, FIG. 3A is a left side view of the upper swing body 2 in a state where both the opening and closing covers 2d1 and 2d2 are opened, and FIG. 3B is a view of the opening and closing covers 2d1 and 2d2. It is the perspective view which looked at the upper turning body 2 of the state which opened only the opening / closing cover 2d2 from diagonally left upper back.

  FIG. 2 shows the state of the upper swing body 2 with the house cover 2d removed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an engine room 7 </ b> A and an air cleaner room 7 </ b> B are included in the house of the upper swing body 2. The house cover 2d is provided with opening and closing covers 2d1 and 2d2 on the left side, and by opening each of the opening and closing covers 2d1 and 2d2, a user (operator, serviceman, worker, etc.) can open the engine room 7A and the air cleaner room. The left part of 7B can be accessed.

  2 indicate the open / close covers 2d1, 2d2 in the closed state, and the portions indicated by the alternate long and short dash lines indicate the open / close covers 2d1, 2d2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the engine room 7 </ b> A is provided from the left end portion to the right end portion in the rear portion of the upper swing body 2. A diesel engine (hereinafter simply referred to as “engine”) 8, a cooling fan 12, a heat exchanger unit 13, a turbocharger 14, an exhaust gas treatment device 15, a battery 16, and the like are installed in the engine room 7 </ b> A. Specifically, the engine 8 is arranged at the center in the left-right direction of the engine room 7A. In addition, a cooling fan 12 that is driven by the power of the engine 8 is installed at the left end of the engine 8 (the end on the Y1 side). A turbocharger 14 is attached to the front surface (side surface on the X1 side) of the engine 8. Further, an exhaust gas processing device 15 is installed on the right side (Y2 direction) of the engine 8, that is, on the right end of the engine chamber 7A. Further, a heat exchanger unit 13 including a radiator 13A, an oil cooler 13B, an intercooler 13C, a fuel cooler 13D, an air conditioner condenser 13E, and the like is installed on the left side (Y1 direction) of the cooling fan 12. A battery 16 is disposed on the left side (Y1 direction) of the heat exchanger unit 13, that is, on the left end of the engine compartment 7A.

  3A and 3B, at least a part of the heat exchanger unit 13 and the battery 16 are visible from the left side of the upper swing body 2 with the opening / closing cover 2d1 being opened. Arranged as possible.

  The air cleaner chamber 7B is provided on the left side of the upper swing body 2 adjacent to the front of the left portion of the engine chamber 7A. An air cleaner 9 or the like is installed in the air cleaner chamber 7B. A cab 2a is provided in front of the air cleaner chamber 7B (X1 direction). In addition, a hydraulic oil tank 18 is provided on the right side of the upper swing body 2 on the right side (Y2 direction) of the air cleaner chamber 7B. The hydraulic oil tank 18 stores hydraulic oil supplied to a hydraulic actuator (hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, etc.) that drives the lower traveling body 1, the upper swing body 2, the attachment 3, and the like. A fuel tank 19 is installed in front of the hydraulic oil tank 18 (X1 direction). The fuel tank 19 is connected so as to be able to supply fuel to the engine 8 and stores fuel (light oil) of the engine 8. A storage space 17 capable of storing tools and the like is installed in front of the fuel tank 19 (X1 direction). The cab 2a is installed on the left side (Y1 direction) of the boom 4 arranged at the front center of the upper swing body 2, and the fuel tank 19 and the storage space 17 are on the right side of the boom 4 (Y2 direction). is set up.

  The air cleaner 9 filters air introduced into the engine 8 through the turbocharger 14. As shown in FIG. 3, the air cleaner 9 is disposed in the upper space of the air cleaner chamber 7B. The air cleaner 9 takes in air through the air introduction part 9a formed in the outer peripheral part. The air taken inside travels in the left direction (Y1 direction) while forming a weak spiral flow around the cylindrical filter, specifically, the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e. In this process, centrifugal force acts on relatively heavy dust in the air such as dust (hereinafter referred to as “heavy dust”), so that air and heavy dust are separated. Specifically, heavy dust in the spiral flow is pressed against the inner wall of the main body 9b of the air cleaner 9 and travels along the inner wall, and passes through the dust discharge port 9h (see FIG. 4), which will be described later, into the vacuator valve 20. To be collected. The heavy dust collected in the vacuator valve 20 is discharged downward when the vacuator valve 20 is opened. On the other hand, air containing relatively light dust (hereinafter referred to as “light dust”) in the spiral flow passes through the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e and enters the inner element 9e. At this time, light dust in the air is captured (filtered) by the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e. The air that has entered the inner element 9e is discharged through the air discharge portion 9c and supplied to the centrifugal compressor of the turbocharger 14. Details of the structure of the air cleaner 9 will be described later.

  As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the air cleaner 9 is disposed in a state that is visible from the left side of the upper swing body 2 with the opening / closing cover 2d2 being opened.

  The air taken in through the air cleaner 9 is compressed by the compressor of the turbocharger 14 and cooled by the intercooler 13C to reach the combustion chamber of the engine 8. Further, the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 8 is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust port 15A after being purified by the exhaust gas processing device 15 by rotating the turbine of the turbocharger 14. The exhaust gas treatment device 15 may include a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), and the like. Further, it is not always necessary to provide the exhaust gas treatment device 15, and instead, a muffler (silencer) that does not have a purification function and has only a silencing function may be provided.

  Further, a sensor 9s for detecting the intake pressure is provided downstream of the air cleaner 9, that is, in the intake pipe between the air cleaner 9 and the turbocharger 14. The detection value of the sensor 9s is transmitted to a controller (not shown) that controls the operation of the excavator. As a result, the controller can determine, for example, a decrease in intake pressure due to an abnormality of the air cleaner 9 (clogging of the outer element 9d or the like). Specifically, when the detection value of the sensor 9s falls below a predetermined threshold, the controller determines that the air cleaner 9 is abnormal and notifies that fact. For example, by displaying an indicator on a monitor provided in the cab 2a, the controller can notify the operator of the excavator of the abnormality of the air cleaner 9 and prompt an appropriate response (such as replacement or cleaning of the outer element 9d). .

  Instead of the sensor 9s, a mechanical indicator may be arranged at the same position (intake pipe between the air cleaner 9 and the turbocharger 14). For example, an indicator that can be visually recognized from the outside of the intake pipe, the display position of which is mechanically changed by the action of an elastic body or the like in accordance with the pressure in the intake pipe, is provided, and the user opens the open / close cover 2d2, and the indicator The mode which can confirm abnormality (clogging etc. of the outer element 9d) of the air cleaner 9 by visually recognizing the position may be sufficient.

  Here, when cleaning the outer element 9d, if a relatively large amount of dust is contained in the atmosphere of the work place, there is a possibility that relatively small dust may adhere to the inner surface of the outer element 9d. For example, when cleaning the outer element 9d by blowing compressed air from the air compressor onto the inner surface of the outer element 9d, if the compressed air itself contains relatively small dust, the inner side of the outer element 9d There is a possibility that relatively small dust may adhere to the surface. Therefore, depending on the dust capturing performance of the inner element 9e, relatively small dust adhering to the inner surface of the outer element 9d attached to the air cleaner 9 may pass through the inner element 9e and enter the engine 8. There is sex. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by optimizing the dust capturing performance of the inner element 9e, the intrusion of air containing relatively small dust into the engine 8 is further suppressed. Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4-6, the detail of the structure of the air cleaner 9 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.

  FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of a portion of the air cleaner chamber 7 </ b> B including the air cleaner 9. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the YZ plane (vertical plane) including the two-dot chain line of FIG. 3A in the upper swing body 2 as viewed from the front (X1 side). FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing an example of the structure of the air cleaner 9. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the air cleaner 9 in the axial direction (Y1, Y2 direction). In the following description, the above-described lightweight dust is simply expressed as “dust”.

  In FIG. 4, the opening / closing cover 2d2 is closed.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the air cleaner 9 includes the air introduction part 9a, the main body 9b, the air discharge part 9c, the outer element 9d, the inner element 9e, the support members 9f and 9g, and the dust discharge port 9h as described above. Including.

  As described above, the air introduction portion 9a is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the main body 9b.

  The main body 9b includes a cylindrical portion 9b1 and an end cover 9b2.

  One end of the cylindrical portion 9b1 is connected to the air discharge portion 9c, and the other end is opened. An end cover 9b2 is attached to the open end (the other end) of the cylindrical portion 9b1.

  The end cover 9b2 is attached to the open end of the cylindrical portion 9b1 and closes the open end. Further, a dust discharge port 9h communicating with the internal space of the main body 9b is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the end cover 9b2.

  The air discharge portion 9c is connected to the center (axial center) portion of one end side of the cylindrical portion 9b1 of the main body 9b, passes through the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e, and discharges filtered air toward the turbocharger 14. . As shown in FIG. 4, the outer diameter of the connection portion between the air discharge portion 9c and the main body 9b (cylindrical portion 9b1) is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner element 9e. Thereby, only the air which passed the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e is discharged | emitted from the air discharge part 9c.

  The outer element 9d filters the air introduced from the air introduction part 9a into the main body 9b. The outer element 9d has a substantially cylindrical shape with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 9b1. Further, the outer element 9d is open at one end and is cantilevered by a support member 9f provided on the inner surface of the end of the main body 9b (the end to which the air discharge portion 9c is connected) and the other end Comes into contact with the end cover 9b2 and is closed. Thereby, since the space in the main body 9b is defined by the outer element 9d, the air introduced into the main body 9b always passes through the outer element 9d.

  Note that the other end of the outer element 9d may be closed by another lid different from the end cover 9b2.

  The outer element 9d has a configuration capable of capturing even relatively small dust. That is, the outer element 9d includes a relatively fine filter medium (filter paper). Thereby, the outer element 9d can capture most of the dust contained in the air introduced into the air cleaner 9 (main body 9b).

  As shown in FIG. 6, the outer element 9d includes a pleated filter paper provided with a large number of folds (pleats) in the circumferential direction. Since the outer element 9d has a pleated structure, the area through which air can pass can be increased. The effect of the pleated structure will be described later.

  The inner element 9e filters the air that has passed through the outer element 9d. The inner element 9e has a substantially cylindrical shape with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outer element 9d. The inner element 9e is open at one end and is cantilevered by a support member 9g provided on the inner surface of the end of the main body 9b (the end to which the air discharge portion 9c is connected). The end is closed. The axial length of the inner element 9e is shorter than the outer element 9d. Thereby, in the internal space of the main body 9b, the inner element 9e is accommodated in the space inside the outer element 9d.

  The inner element 9e has a configuration capable of capturing dust that is as small as or much smaller than the outer element 9d. That is, the inner element 9e includes a fine filter medium (filter paper) that is as fine as or more than the outer element 9d. As a result, the inner element 9e can capture relatively small dust adhering to the inner surface of the outer element 9d during cleaning, and suppress the entry of the dust into the engine 8.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6, the inner element 9e is comprised including the filter paper of the pleat structure in which many pleats were provided in the circumferential direction similarly to the outer element 9d. Since the inner element 9e has a pleated structure, the area through which air can pass can be increased. The effect of the pleated structure will be described later.

  The support member 9f has a cylindrical shape that extends from the inner surface of the end portion of the cylindrical portion 9b1 (the end portion to which the air discharge portion 9c is connected) and has the same axial center as the cylindrical portion 9b1 that is open at the end portion. The support member 9f has an outer diameter equivalent to the inner diameter of the outer element 9d. Accordingly, the support member 9f can be inserted into the end of the outer element 9d and cantilevered on the outer element 9d.

  The support member 9g, like the support member 9f, has a cylindrical shape that extends from the inner surface of the end portion of the cylindrical portion 9b1 and has the same axial center as the cylindrical portion 9b1 that is open at the end portion. The support member 9g has an inner diameter equivalent to the outer diameter of the inner element 9e. Thereby, the inner element 9e is inserted into the opened end of the support member 9g, and the support member 9g can support the inner element 9e in a cantilever manner.

  As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, in the air cleaner 9, the air introduced from the air introduction portion 9a is first a space upstream of the outer element 9d in the main body 9b (that is, the inner surface of the main body 9b in the main body 9b). Between the outer element 9d and the outer element 9d) enters the SP1 and passes through the outer element 9d. The air that has passed through the outer element 9d enters the space SP2 between the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e in the main body 9b, and passes through the inner element 9e. The air that has passed through the inner element 9e enters the space SP3 downstream of the inner element 9e in the main body 9b (that is, the inner space of the inner element 9e in the main body 9b) SP3, and communicates with the space SP3. To the turbocharger 14.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 7, the effect | action by the pleat structure of the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e is demonstrated.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the pleated structure. Specifically, the air introduced into the air cleaner 9 (main body 9b) from the air introduction portion 9a flows inward in the radial direction (the outer element 9d, the inner element 9e, and the air discharge portion 9c are provided). It is a figure which represents the change of the channel area at the time of simulation. Specifically, in the main body 9b of the air cleaner 9, air passes from the space SP1 upstream of the outer element 9d through the outer element 9d and enters the space SP2 between the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e, It is a figure showing a mode that it passes through inner element 9e, and flows into space SP3 of the downstream of inner element 9e.

  In the main body 9b of the air cleaner 9, as described above, the air flows inward in the radial direction, the space SP1 upstream of the outer element 9d → the outer element 9d → the space SP2 between the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e. → The inner element 9e passes through the space SP3 on the downstream side of the inner element 9e in this order. At this time, relative to the flow path area A1 (the area of the virtual cylindrical surface) at the position relatively outside in the radial direction (for example, the position of the outer element 9d), the inner side (for example, the inner element) The flow path area A3 (the area of the virtual cylindrical surface) at the position 9e is small. Therefore, when a cylindrical sponge or urethane element is simply provided, the area through which air can pass is only the flow path area A3 corresponding to the area of the virtual cylindrical surface.

  On the other hand, when the pleated structure is adopted like the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e in the present embodiment, a fold (pleat) is provided as described above, and the area through which air can pass can be increased. . Therefore, the flow area (effective flow area) A2 through which air can pass when the pleat structure is adopted is larger than the flow area A3 corresponding to a simple cylindrical surface, and the air flow velocity v is Since it is generally inversely proportional to the flow path area, the air flow velocity v can be suppressed.

Here, since the flow velocity v of the air sucked into the engine 8 is relatively high, the drag generated by the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e (that is, pressure loss ΔP) is dominated by the effect of inertial resistance. Yes, and proportional to the square of the flow velocity v (ΔP∝v ² ). Therefore, even when a filter medium having the same degree of fineness (that is, a filter medium capable of capturing the same size of dust) is used by adopting a pleated structure for the outer element 9d and the inner element 9e. The pressure loss can be greatly reduced.

  Also, normally, when the outer element is attached or removed, a relatively coarse sponge element or urethane element is used so that relatively large dust enters the engine from the part where the outer element is removed. There are many. On the other hand, the inner element 9e according to the present embodiment has a relatively fine eye and can capture dust as fine as or more than the outer element 9d. For this reason, the inner element 9e increases pressure loss due to dust capturing performance (fineness of eyes) compared to a normal inner element. However, the pressure loss ΔP generated by the inner element 9e is dominated by the inertial resistance as described above, and is proportional to the area of the inner element 9e as a resistor with respect to the air flow. That is, the pressure loss ΔP generated by the inner element 9e is proportional to the degree of fineness of the inner element 9e.

  On the other hand, as described above, the pressure loss ΔP generated by the inner element 9e is proportional to the square of the air flow velocity v. Therefore, the inner element 9e in the present embodiment employs a pleat structure and can reduce the air flow velocity v, so that the pressure loss ΔP can be greatly suppressed, and the pressure loss due to the fineness of the eyes. An increase in ΔP can be compensated. That is, even when the dust capturing performance of the inner element 9e is relatively high (the inner element 9e has a relatively fine eye), the increase in pressure loss in the inner element 9e is suppressed by adopting the pleat structure. can do.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Can be added.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lower traveling body 2 Upper turning body 2a Cab 2b Turning frame 2c House frame 2d House cover 2d1, 2d2 Open / close cover 3 Attachment 4 Boom 5 Arm 6 Bucket 7A Engine room 7B Air cleaner room 8 Engine 9 Air cleaner 9a Air introduction part 9b Main body 9b1 Cylinder Part 9b2 End cover 9c Air exhaust part 9d Outer element 9e Inner element 9f, 9g Support member 9h Dust exhaust port 9s Sensor 12 Cooling fan 13 Heat exchanger unit 13A Radiator 13B Oil cooler 13C Intercooler 13D Fuel cooler 13E Air conditioner condenser 14 Turbo DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Exhaust-gas processing apparatus 15A Exhaust port 16 Battery 17 Storage space 18 Hydraulic oil tank 19 Fuel tank 20 Vaccuator valve

Claims (6)

An engine as a power source,
An air cleaner for filtering air supplied to the engine, comprising an outer element and an inner element capable of capturing dust that is as small as or more than the outer element.
Excavator. Both the outer element and the inner element include a pleated filter paper,
The excavator according to claim 1. The inner element is cantilevered by a support member provided inside the outer element.
The shovel according to claim 1 or 2. A sensor for measuring intake pressure is provided downstream of the inner element.
The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Informing that the detection value of the sensor is lower than a predetermined value,
The excavator according to claim 4. An inner element used for an excavator air cleaner,
Capable of catching dust as small as or more than the outer element,
Inner element.

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