JP2018030436A - Motorcycle and engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motorcycle and an engine, which can suppress engine drive by detecting an idle running state of a drive wheel which occurs when a kickstand is set up, without providing a switch or the like for detecting the kickstand state.SOLUTION: A motor cycle of the embodiment performs control of suppressing the drive of an engine if a drive wheel is not in contact with the ground when the engine is started. The motorcycle is an electric vehicle, and the engine comprises an electric motor and a control device for controlling the electric motor. The control device starts the drive of the electric motor upon receipt of an accelerator-on input, and if the operation state of the electric motor when the drive of the electric motor is stated satisfies a predetermined condition, performs control of suppressing the drive of the engine.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a motorcycle and an engine.

  The motorcycle is provided with a stand for supporting the vehicle body when parking. In particular, in the case of a relatively small vehicle, a type of center stand that holds the vehicle in a floating state is used (for example, Patent Document 1). When the vehicle is parked using the center stand, the driving wheels are lifted off the ground. When the engine is started and the accelerator is opened in this state, the driving wheels are idled. When the center stand is stored in this state and the drive wheels are brought into contact with the ground (particularly in the case of a vehicle in which the engine and the drive wheels are directly connected), a large load is applied to the engine. This problem can be solved by detecting the retracted state of the stand as described in Patent Document 1 and suppressing the engine drive based on the detection result, for example. However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since the stand state is detected by hardware components such as switches, there are problems such as cost increase and wear due to an increase in the number of components.

JP 2002-147268 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and detects engine idling state that occurs when the stand stands without providing a switch or the like for detecting the stand state, thereby suppressing engine drive. An object is to provide a motorcycle and an engine that can.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, an aspect of the present invention provides a motorcycle that performs control to suppress driving of the engine when the driving wheel is not grounded when the engine is started, and the motorcycle is an electric vehicle. The engine includes an electric motor and a control device that controls the electric motor. The control device starts driving the electric motor after receiving an accelerator-on input, and starts driving the electric motor. When the operation state of the electric motor at this time satisfies a predetermined condition, the motorcycle is controlled to suppress the drive of the engine.

  Further, one aspect of the present invention is the motorcycle described above, wherein the control device depends on an accelerator opening for a predetermined period after receiving the accelerator-on input when starting the driving of the electric motor. When a certain output signal is output to the electric motor, and the degree of increase in the rotational speed of the electric motor during the predetermined period satisfies a predetermined determination condition, the operating state satisfies the predetermined condition. It is characterized in that control for suppressing driving of the engine is performed.

  Further, one aspect of the present invention is the motorcycle described above, wherein the control device measures the number of rotations of the electric motor a plurality of times during the predetermined period, and is calculated based on the measurement results of the plurality of times. When the rate of increase in the number of revolutions of the electric motor exceeds a predetermined threshold, the engine is driven as if the degree of increase in the number of revolutions of the electric motor in the predetermined period satisfies the predetermined determination condition. It is characterized by performing control to suppress the above.

  Further, one aspect of the present invention is the motorcycle described above, wherein the control device depends on an accelerator opening for a predetermined period after receiving the accelerator-on input when starting the driving of the electric motor. First, a constant output signal is output to the electric motor, and the number of rotations of the electric motor is measured after the predetermined period. When the measured result exceeds a predetermined threshold, the operation state is In other words, the control for suppressing the driving of the engine is performed.

  One embodiment of the present invention is the motorcycle described above, wherein the control device receives an accelerator-on input when starting the driving of the electric motor, and then sets the accelerator opening relative to the electric motor. Output of the corresponding output signal is started, and when the rotational speed of the electric motor is equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit value and the energization current of the electric motor does not exceed a predetermined threshold value, the operation state is Control that suppresses driving of the engine is performed assuming that the condition is satisfied.

  One embodiment of the present invention is an engine of a motorcycle that is an electric vehicle having a stand that can put a drive wheel in a non-grounded state, the engine being an electric motor and a control device that controls the electric motor. The control device starts driving the electric motor after receiving an accelerator-on input, and when the operating state at the start of driving the electric motor satisfies a predetermined condition, An engine that performs control to suppress driving.

  According to the present invention, engine driving can be suppressed by detecting the idling state of the drive wheels that occurs when the stand is standing without providing a switch or the like for detecting the stand state.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a motorcycle according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the control apparatus 2 shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the operation example of the control apparatus 2 shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the motorcycle which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the control apparatus 2a shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the electric motor 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other structural example of the electric motor 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a motorcycle 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. A motorcycle 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes an electric motor 1, a control device 2, and an accelerator sensor 3. The motorcycle 10 is an electric vehicle, and further includes a stand (not shown), and performs control to suppress driving of the electric motor 1 when the stand is standing when the electric motor 1 is started.

  The electric motor 1 is an in-wheel motor provided in the wheel so as to be directly connected to a wheel shaft (not shown), for example, and constitutes an engine (prime mover) of the motorcycle 10 together with the control device 2. The electric motor 1 is, for example, a three-phase brushless DC (direct current) motor. The electric motor 1 also includes a sensor that detects a change in the polarity of the magnetic poles that constitute the rotor of the electric motor 1, for example, and the number of rotations (the number of rotations per unit time) generated based on the sensor detection output or the sensor detection output. A signal representing the number (rotation speed) is output.

  Here, a configuration example of the electric motor 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example when the electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured as a direct drive type in-wheel motor. The direct drive in-wheel motor does not have a speed reduction mechanism, and a plurality of magnets 12 constituting the rotor of the electric motor 1 are directly provided on the wheel 102. In this configuration, the wheel 102 functions as the rotor of the electric motor 1 as it is. The wheel 102 and the tire 101 rotate directly by applying a voltage to the coil 11 constituting the stator of the electric motor 1 and exciting it. When the electric motor 1 is configured as a direct drive type in-wheel motor as shown in FIG. 6, when the rotating tire 101 suddenly stops rotating due to an external force, the tire 101 simply does not rotate with respect to the coil voltage. There is little mechanical load.

  On the other hand, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example when the electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured as an in-wheel motor with a speed reduction mechanism (gear). The rotor 13 of the electric motor 1 is configured as an outer rotor having a plurality of magnets 12, and a speed reduction mechanism 103 including a planetary gear mechanism is coupled to the rotor 13 as an example. The wheel 102 functions as an output rotor after deceleration. In this configuration, a voltage is applied to the coil 11 to excite it, the rotor 13 is rotated, and the rotational force is transmitted to the wheel 102 via the speed reduction mechanism 103. When the electric motor 1 is configured as an in-wheel motor with a speed reduction mechanism as shown in FIG. 7, when the rotating wheel 102 suddenly stops rotating due to an external force, the rotor 13 tries to continue to rotate due to inertia. A reverse force is applied to the mechanism 103 from the input side and the output side, and a large load is applied to the speed reduction mechanism 103.

  Next, the control device 2 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The control device 2 shown in FIG. 1 includes a control unit 21 and a motor drive circuit 22. The control unit 21 generates a drive command based on the signal indicating the accelerator ON (ON) / OFF (OFF) state output from the accelerator sensor 3, the signal indicating the accelerator opening, the signal indicating the rotation speed of the electric motor 1, and the like. And output to the motor drive circuit 22. The motor drive circuit 22 is composed of, for example, a three-phase inverter circuit, and converts DC power supplied from a battery (not shown) into three-phase AC power according to a drive command output from the control unit 21 as an output signal. Output to the electric motor 1. At this time, the control unit 21 variably controls the output of the electric motor 1 by PWM (pulse width modulation) control of a plurality of switching elements included in the motor drive circuit 22.

  The accelerator sensor 3 is a sensor for detecting an operation amount of an accelerator grip (not shown), and generates a signal indicating the detected accelerator opening and a signal indicating whether the accelerator is ON or OFF, and controls the accelerator sensor 3. Output to the unit 21.

  Next, an operation example of the control device 2 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The operation example shown in FIG. 2 is started in a state where the output of the accelerator sensor 3 indicates that the accelerator is OFF and the control unit 21 stops the electric motor 1. When the driver operates the accelerator grip and the accelerator sensor 3 outputs accelerator ON, the control unit 21 determines that the accelerator ON is detected based on the output signal of the accelerator sensor 3 (YES in step S11). The control unit 21 controls the motor drive circuit 22 by outputting a drive command designating a constant PWM command value regardless of the accelerator opening, and starts driving the electric motor 1 (hereinafter also simply referred to as a motor). (Step S12). Here, the PWM command value is an instruction value of the duty ratio in PWM.

  Next, the control unit 21 measures the motor rotational speed a plurality of times while the electric motor 1 is driven with the PWM command value fixed at a constant value until a predetermined time has elapsed (YES in step S14). (Step S13). FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a measurement example of the motor rotation speed in step S13. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating changes in the motor rotation speed under three types of conditions, where the horizontal axis represents time, the vertical axis represents motor rotation speed, the accelerator ON timing is 0 s. The three types of conditions are when the accelerator is turned on when the driving wheel of the motorcycle 10 is idling, and when the accelerator is turned on when the driving wheel is not idling (the driving wheel is in contact with the ground). That is, when the accelerator is turned on while the motorcycle 10 is stopped on a downhill, and when the accelerator is turned on on a flat ground or uphill. In step S13 and step S14, for example, the control unit 21 repeatedly measures the motor rotational speed as indicated by a circle at a constant period T2, for example, until a predetermined time T1 shown in FIG. 3 elapses. The fixed time T1 can be set to several tens ms to several hundred ms, for example. The number of measurements in step S13 is not limited and may be a plurality of times.

  When the predetermined time has elapsed (YES in step S14), the control unit 21 calculates the rate of increase of the motor rotation number measured in step S13 (step S15). For example, if the number of times of measurement is two, the controller 21 can calculate the rate of increase in the motor rotational speed by calculating the difference between the motor rotational speeds for two times. If the number of measurements is 3 or more, for example, the maximum value or minimum value of the calculated multiple rates of increase is used as the calculation result, or the average value of the remaining values excluding the maximum value or minimum value is used as the calculation result. can do. The rate of increase corresponds to the inclination of the change in rotational acceleration or rotational speed. In step S15, the difference between the motor rotation speeds for two times is calculated, and a value obtained by dividing by the time corresponding to the two measurement intervals may be used as the rate of increase.

  Next, the control unit 21 compares the motor rotation speed increase rate calculated in step S15 with a predetermined increase rate threshold value, and determines whether or not the motor rotation speed increase rate is larger than the increase rate threshold value (step). S16). As shown in FIG. 3, the rate of increase in rotation at the start of driving differs between the state in which the drive wheel is idling and the other state. That is, the rotation increase rate when the drive wheel is idling is larger than the rotation increase rate in other states. Therefore, the control unit 21 identifies whether or not the drive wheel is idling in step S16 by setting the increase rate threshold value so that the state where the drive wheel is idling and the other state can be discriminated. be able to.

  If it is determined that the motor rotation speed increase rate is greater than the increase rate threshold value (YES in step S16), the control unit 21 shifts the control of the electric motor 1 to the idling suppression control. On the other hand, when it is determined that the motor rotation speed increase rate is not larger than the increase rate threshold value (NO in step S16), the control unit 21 shifts the control of the electric motor 1 to the control in the normal travel. Here, the idling suppression control is, for example, speed control that limits the motor speed to a certain upper limit value or less. For example, the control unit 21 continues the idling suppression control until the accelerator OFF is detected next. Further, the control in the normal traveling is normal control for performing output control of the electric motor 1 in accordance with the accelerator opening or the like.

  As described above, according to the motorcycle 10 of the first embodiment, the idling state of the drive wheel that occurs when the stand stands without detecting a stand state detection switch or the like is detected to suppress engine driving. can do. That is, according to the motorcycle 10 of the first embodiment, the stand is not started when the engine including the electric motor 1 and the control device 2 that controls the electric motor 1 is started without providing a switch for detecting the stand state. Control can be performed to suppress driving of the engine when standing.

  In the first embodiment, the electric motor 1 is energized with PWM having a constant duty ratio regardless of the accelerator opening for a certain period of time at the start. For this reason, when the stand stands and is in a no-load state, the rate of increase in motor rotation speed can be made constant. For example, compared with the case where the duty ratio of PWM is changed according to the accelerator opening, in the first embodiment, the increase in the number of revolutions when there is no load can be stabilized within a certain range. Further, since the increase in the rotational speed is stable, the time required for measuring the motor rotational speed increase rate can be shortened. According to this configuration, erroneous detection can be prevented by energizing the electric motor 1 with PWM having a constant duty ratio at the time of starting. Moreover, since the idling detection time can be shortened, an improvement in power consumption can be expected.

  In the first embodiment, the idling state of the drive wheels that occurs when the stand is standing is detected as follows. That is, the control device 2 starts driving the electric motor 1 after receiving the accelerator ON input, and the driving wheel is turned on when the operation state of the electric motor 1 at the start of driving the electric motor 1 satisfies a predetermined condition. Detects the idling state. Specifically, the control device 2 controls the electric motor 1 regardless of the accelerator opening for a predetermined period (time T1 in FIG. 3) after receiving the accelerator ON input when starting the driving of the electric motor 1. On the other hand, if the output state is a constant output signal and the degree of increase in the rotational speed of the electric motor 1 during a predetermined period satisfies the predetermined determination condition, the operation state is suppressed when the predetermined condition is satisfied. Control. Further, the control device 2 measures the number of rotations of the electric motor 1 a plurality of times during a predetermined period, and the rate of increase in the number of rotations of the electric motor 1 calculated based on the measurement results of the plurality of times exceeds the rate of increase threshold. In this case, it is determined that the degree of increase in the number of revolutions of the electric motor 1 during a predetermined period satisfies the predetermined determination condition, and control for suppressing the driving of the engine is performed.

  The operation example described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 is an example. For example, when the motor rotation speed is measured a plurality of times as shown in FIG. However, if it exceeds, it can be determined that the driving wheel is idling. In this case, the control part 21 can start the control which suppresses drive of an engine, without waiting for progress of time T1. The condition when the operation state of the electric motor 1 at the start of driving of the electric motor 1 satisfies a predetermined condition is a determination condition using the motor rotation speed instead of (or in addition to) the increase rate of the motor rotation speed. It is good. For example, the presence / absence of the idling state may be estimated by comparing the number of rotations after a certain period of time from the start of driving with a predetermined threshold.

Second Embodiment
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the motorcycle 10a according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the same components as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the corresponding components (that is, the components that are partly different) are labeled with the letter “a” added to the end of the symbol. . A motorcycle 10a shown in FIG. 4 includes an electric motor 1, a control device 2a, and an accelerator sensor 3. The control device 2a includes a control unit 21a and a motor drive circuit 22a. The motorcycle 10 shown in FIG. 1 and the motorcycle 10a shown in FIG. 4 are partially different in the configuration of the control device 2 and the control device 2a. Compared with the control device 2 shown in FIG. 1, in the control device 2 a shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 21 a makes a determination based on the motor current, and the result of the motor drive circuit 22 a measuring the power supply current is a current measurement value. Output to the control unit 21a. The motorcycle 10a is the same as the motorcycle 10 of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the control device 2a is partially different. The motorcycle 10a is an electric vehicle and further includes a stand (not shown). When the stand is standing at the time of starting 1, control for suppressing the drive of the electric motor 1 is performed.

  Next, an operation example of the control device 2 shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. The operation example shown in FIG. 5 is started in a state where the output of the accelerator sensor 3 indicates that the accelerator is OFF and the control unit 21a stops the electric motor 1. When the driver operates the accelerator grip and the accelerator sensor 3 outputs accelerator ON, the control unit 21a determines that the accelerator ON is detected based on the output signal of the accelerator sensor 3 (YES in step S21). Next, the control part 21a starts drive control of the electric motor 1 according to an accelerator opening based on the output signal of the accelerator sensor 3 (step S22). In the drive control of the electric motor 1 according to the accelerator opening, the control unit 21a measures the accelerator opening at a predetermined cycle, determines the PWM command value according to the measured accelerator opening, and determines the determined PWM command. A drive command based on the value is output to the motor drive circuit 22a.

  Next, the control unit 21a measures the motor rotation speed (step S23). Next, the controller 21a determines whether or not the motor rotational speed measured in step S23 is greater than a predetermined rotational speed lower limit value (step S24). The rotation speed lower limit is a reference for determining whether or not the electric motor 1 has started rotating. When it is determined that the motor rotation speed is greater than the rotation speed lower limit (YES in step S24), the control unit 21a measures the motor current (step S25). The motor current referred to here is a current that flows from a battery (not shown) into the motor coil through the motor drive circuit 22a.

  Next, the controller 21a determines whether or not the motor current measured in step S25 is larger than a predetermined current threshold (step S26). The current threshold value is a threshold value for identifying whether or not the electric motor 1 is idling and the load is small. Since the motor current changes according to the load torque, when the load torque is small in the idling state, the motor current becomes small. The current threshold is set to a value that can discriminate between the idling state and the non-idling state.

  When it is determined that the motor current is larger than the predetermined current threshold (YES in step S26), the control unit 21a shifts the control of the electric motor 1 to the control in the normal travel. On the other hand, when it is determined that the motor current is not greater than the predetermined current threshold value (NO in step S26), the control unit 21a determines whether or not the motor rotation speed is greater than the rotation speed threshold (step S27). The determination in step S27 is a determination process for continuing the idling without controlling the idling if the rotation is a certain degree even if it is determined that the idling state is determined in step S26 (even in the case of NO in step S26). It is. When the motor rotation speed is larger than the rotation speed threshold (NO in step S27), the control unit 21a shifts the control of the electric motor 1 to the idling suppression control. On the other hand, when the motor rotation speed is not greater than the rotation speed threshold value (NO in step S27), the control unit 21a measures the motor rotation speed again (step S24).

  The contents of the idling suppression control and the control in the normal traveling are the same as those in the first embodiment. Further, the determination process in step S27 may be omitted.

  As described above, according to the motorcycle 10a of the second embodiment, the idling state of the driving wheel that occurs when the stand is standing is detected without providing a switch or the like for detecting the stand state, and the engine drive is suppressed. can do. That is, according to the motorcycle 10a of the second embodiment, the stand is not started when the engine including the electric motor 1 and the control device 2a for controlling the electric motor 1 is started without providing a switch or the like for detecting the stand state. Control can be performed to suppress driving of the engine when standing.

  At that time, in the second embodiment, the idling state of the drive wheel that occurs when the stand is standing is detected as follows. That is, the control device 2a starts driving the electric motor 1 after receiving an accelerator ON input, and the driving wheel is turned on when the operating state of the electric motor 1 at the start of driving the electric motor 1 satisfies a predetermined condition. Detects the idling state. Specifically, when the drive of the electric motor 1 is started, the control device 2a starts to output an output signal corresponding to the accelerator opening to the electric motor 1 after receiving an accelerator ON input. Assuming that the operating state of the electric motor 1 does not exceed a predetermined threshold when the rotational speed of 1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined lower limit, the operating state is a condition that satisfies the predetermined condition, the engine drive is suppressed. Take control.

  The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, when the determination process of the idling state based on the rotation speed increase rate according to the first embodiment and the idling condition determination process based on the motor current according to the second embodiment are combined, either or one of the determination conditions is satisfied It may be determined that the vehicle is idling. The electric motor 1 is not limited to a brushless motor, but may be a motor with a brush, not limited to a synchronous motor, and may be an induction motor or the like. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a motorcycle, and an electric wheelchair in which a moving body (for example, a stand for bringing a driving wheel into a non-grounding state) in which a driving wheel is switched between a grounding state and a non-grounding state by a stand is used. Etc.) can be widely applied.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 10a Motorcycle 1 Electric motor 2, 2a Control device 3 Accelerator sensor 21, 21a Control part 22, 22a Motor drive circuit

Claims (6)

In a motorcycle that performs control to suppress driving of the engine when the driving wheel is not grounded at the time of starting the engine,
The motorcycle is an electric vehicle,
The engine includes an electric motor and a control device that controls the electric motor,
The controller starts driving the electric motor after receiving an accelerator-on input, and drives the engine when the operating state of the electric motor at the start of driving the electric motor satisfies a predetermined condition. A motorcycle characterized by performing control to suppress noise. The controller is
When starting the driving of the electric motor, a predetermined output signal is output to the electric motor regardless of the accelerator opening for a predetermined period after receiving the accelerator-on input,
Performing control to suppress driving of the engine on the assumption that the degree of increase in the rotation speed of the electric motor in the predetermined period satisfies a predetermined determination condition, assuming that the operating state satisfies the predetermined condition. The motorcycle according to claim 1. The controller is
When the rotation speed of the electric motor is measured a plurality of times during the predetermined period, and the rate of increase in the rotation speed of the electric motor calculated based on the measurement results of the plurality of times exceeds a predetermined threshold, the predetermined 3. The motorcycle according to claim 2, wherein control for suppressing driving of the engine is performed on the assumption that the degree of increase in the rotation speed of the electric motor during the period of time satisfies the predetermined determination condition. The controller is
When starting the driving of the electric motor, a predetermined output signal is output to the electric motor regardless of the accelerator opening for a predetermined period after receiving the accelerator-on input,
When the rotational speed of the electric motor is measured after the predetermined period and the measured result exceeds a predetermined threshold, the engine is driven as the case where the operating state satisfies the predetermined condition. The motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein control to suppress is performed. The controller is
At the start of driving the electric motor, the output of the output signal corresponding to the accelerator opening is started with respect to the electric motor after receiving the input of the accelerator on,
The engine is assumed that the rotational speed of the electric motor is equal to or greater than a predetermined lower limit value and the energization current of the electric motor does not exceed a predetermined threshold value is a case where the operating state satisfies the predetermined condition. The motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein control is performed to suppress driving of the motorcycle. An engine of a motorcycle that is an electric vehicle having a stand that can put a drive wheel in a non-ground state,
The engine includes an electric motor and a control device that controls the electric motor,
The control device starts driving of the electric motor after receiving an accelerator-on input, and controls to suppress driving of the engine when an operation state at the start of driving of the electric motor satisfies a predetermined condition An engine characterized by

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