JP2018029570A - Behavior inhibitor composition for terrestrial invertebrate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems in which most of conventional anesthetics for insects (organic chemicals) are harmful to a human body and are necessary to set appropriate conditions for each of insect species, also the carbon dioxide therapy being frequently used has drawbacks such as having a place of use limitation because an anesthesia time is short and special facilities and devices are required.SOLUTION: A behavior inhibitor is provided that is an external application agent simply available at every place to a wide range of terrestrial invertebrate species without using a special device and container, in which a highly safe specific natural plant essential oil component is assumed as active ingredients.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention artificially suppresses flying, walking, and escape behavior of terrestrial invertebrates easily in the laboratory as well as outdoors, so that they can be easily captured and processed in various ways. The present invention relates to a behavior inhibitor composition safe for the human body and the like.

  Terrestrial invertebrates (including insects) that need to be reared indoors for some research or experiment, or captured outdoors and marked for research purposes (unless otherwise noted) Terrestrial invertebrates are simply referred to as “animals”). However, many of these animals have advanced flight capabilities such as moths, bees, dragonflies, and others that escape quickly, such as grasshoppers, spiders, and cockroaches.

Therefore, when such animals are counted, moved, or fixed and subjected to any treatment, it is necessary to anesthetize these animals in advance so that they hardly move. As the agent, agents such as carbon dioxide, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform are used, and depending on the animal species, low-temperature treatment and underwater anesthesia are also used.

However, body size and weight vary greatly depending on the animal species, so when using drugs such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform, it is difficult to adjust the concentration of vapor to be inhaled, and animals die due to inappropriate anesthesia treatment There are many cases. In addition, since these chemicals are harmful to the human body, extreme care must be taken when using them in closed spaces such as laboratories.

On the other hand, anesthesia with carbon dioxide gas is said to have a low physiological burden on treated animals, and in recent years it is widely used. Usually requires a simple dedicated device. Therefore, this method is not suitable for convenient use in the field, and all of the above three drugs, including the above three drugs, are incomplete methods for anesthesia of terrestrial invertebrates. Not suitable for outdoor capture and processing.

  Now, in general anesthesia for the human body, inhalation anesthesia (using anesthesia gas such as nitrous oxide gas, sevoflurane, isoflurane) and intravenous anesthesia (using drugs such as propofol and thiopental), surface anesthesia for local anesthesia And invasive anesthesia, transmission anesthesia (using lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, etc.), and anesthetic guns used to capture relatively large animals such as mammals include ketamine, ertophine, acepromazine, etc. Anesthetics and, in some cases, sedatives and muscle relaxants are used, but anesthesia by injection is not particularly appropriate for small invertebrates, and many of these drugs cannot be used because they are highly toxic. .

  On the other hand, some natural plant essential oils are said to show mild local anesthetic and sedative effects on the human body and other vertebrates (fish, rats, etc.) by vapor inhalation, ingestion, and body surface application. Many things are known, such as cropes, cinnamon, peppermint, peppermint, ylang ylang, iris, sweet orange, roman chamomile, cardamom, clarisage, cypress, sandalwood, citronella, ginger, spearmint, cedarwood, geranium, tangerine, nutmeg, Examples include essential oils such as Neroli, Pine, Basil, Patchouli, Vanilla, Valerian, Bitter Orange, Vetiver, Bergamot, Benzo, Marjoram, Mandarin, Lemon Balm, Yarrow, Lime, Lavender, Lemongrass, Rose, Rosewood, etc. .

For the suppression of terrestrial invertebrate behavior (flying, walking, jumping), vapor inhalation of an appropriate substance and, more desirably, a method using body surface application (transdermal absorption) is expected to be the most convenient and effective. Eugenol and β-caryophyllene, which are active ingredients in the above-mentioned essential oils, and crope oil, which has been reported to have anesthetic action on fish or rats, mint oil, which is known to have local anesthetic action on the human body, Contains l-menthol, an active ingredient in peppermint oil, cedrol in cedarwood oil, which is known to be sedative, neryl acetate in lemon balm oil, limonene in sweet orange oil, lavender oil, clarisage oil and bergamot oil Linalyl acetate and linalool, bisabolol and carbacarb, which are said to have local anesthetics or sedation Using a crawl, terpineol, citronellal, tosilal, camphor, borneol, fenchon, diacetone alcohol, etc. And body surface coating method.

However, in the steam inhalation method, no significant action suppression effect was observed in most essential oils and essential oil components even after 30 minutes or more, while in the body surface application method, a slight suppression effect was observed in some essential oils. However, it was not sufficient, and other essential oils were not effective at all, or conversely, poisoning was observed and death occurred. In addition, tests with individual essential oil components did not show a satisfactory inhibitory effect, and only a few components were observed to be due to acute toxicity or death. Thus, the vertebrates and invertebrates cannot apply the findings reported in vertebrates as they are because the action mechanism and physiological action of the compounds are different. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a novel action inhibitor for terrestrial invertebrates that is safe for the human body based on unique detailed test results for various kinds of compounds and animal species.

Anaesthesia, 53: 720-721, 1996. Farmaco, 56: 387-389, 2001. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34: 1337-1340, 2001. The International Journal of Aromatherapy, 15: 7-14, 2005. Planta Medica, 76: 1647-1653, 2010. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 6566-6572, 2010. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 155: 462-468, 2012. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 40: 701-714, 2014. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, vol.1, 2015. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6: 140-145, 2016.

The problem to be solved is that when using organic chemicals among the anesthetics used for existing insects, it is necessary to set an appropriate vapor concentration and exposure time for each insect species. As it is affected by the temperature (ambient temperature) and changes greatly depending on the stage of development of the target insect species, it requires skill to find appropriate anesthesia conditions or requires complicated preliminary experiments. In addition, there is a great risk that many individuals will be killed by it, and in addition, there is a strong concern about the adverse effects on human bodies (testers) due to vapor inhalation during work, while in carbon dioxide anesthesia, Because recovery from anesthesia is relatively fast, it is necessary to always work in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, and therefore special equipment is required, so it is not suitable for outdoor work and is not suitable for capture investigations. That you can not use, and the like.

  The present invention comprises a composition comprising a highly safe specific natural plant essential oil component as an active ingredient, and is an external application agent that can be used everywhere without using a special device or container. The main feature is to suppress various actions by physiologically inhibiting motor functions such as walking and jumping.

Specifically, as an active ingredient, (1) citral (including citral-a or citral-b and a mixture thereof in any proportion), (2) terpineol (α-terpineol, β-terpineol, γ-terpineol, any one of δ-terpineol, or a mixture thereof in any proportion), (3) terpinyl acetate (α-terpinyl acetate, β-terpinyl acetate, γ-terpinyl acetate, δ-terpine) An essential oil composed of at least one group selected from the three groups of (1) to (3) represented by any one of pinyl acetate or a mixture thereof in any proportion) A method of adding an appropriate amount of a surfactant according to necessity and further dissolving in mineral oil or fat as a diluent, if necessary, or (1) to (3) Thus, the present invention has been completed by a method of emulsifying and dispersing an essential oil composed of at least one group or an oily liquid obtained by dissolving it in mineral oil or fat in water using a surfactant.

  Mineral oil as a diluent used here is a hydrocarbon such as kerosene, light oil, machine oil, liquid paraffin (including any one of these or a mixture of any ratio), and as fats and oils, rapeseed oil is used. , Corn oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, olive oil, sesame oil, camellia oil, castor oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm oil, kiri oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, pine seed oil, Asa seed oil, cottonseed oil, nutca Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, oil, grapefruit seed oil, gentian oil, sardine oil, herring oil, whale oil, beef tallow, lard, and the like.

  As the surfactant used here, various nonionic surfactants generally used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers (for example, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin) Fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, fatty acid diethanolamides, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, etc., but are not limited thereto) and Anionic surfactant (alkyl sulfate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, alkyl sulfonate salt, alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, fatty acid salt, alkyl salt Although such ester salts, it is possible to use a not be) to be limited to these, from the viewpoint of load to the animal, such as sorbitan fatty acid esters and sucrose fatty acid esters are more preferable.

  The composition thus obtained was applied to target terrestrial invertebrates (arthropods such as insects, spiders and ticks, centipedes and millipedes, dandelions, annelids such as earthworms, snails, etc.)・ The desired purpose can be achieved by spraying a suitable amount directly onto mollusks such as slugs.

  The composition of the present invention is considered to suppress the behavior of animals by anesthesia and sedation, but because the action is relatively relaxed, the application amount range (width) is wide, and there are many types of target animals that can be applied. While it has major features and can avoid physiological abnormalities and death due to excessive application, on the other hand, if it is determined that the application amount is insufficient, repeated application can be performed appropriately while observing the state of the target animal (individual). It also has the advantage of being able to achieve action suppression with certainty.

Since the composition of the present invention can easily adjust the application concentration of the active ingredient, it is possible to appropriately treat the same animal species according to the developmental stage. Therefore, the behavior of the target animal can be easily and appropriately suppressed by adjusting the application amount and the number of times as needed without requiring special techniques or experience in use. Furthermore, even when it is desired to extend the behavior suppression time, it can be realized by additional application while taking into consideration the state of the target animal.

  Application of the composition of the present invention to an animal can be carried out very easily by using a hand spray or a spray containing a propellant, so that no special equipment, apparatus, container, or the like is required. Therefore, it has an unprecedented great advantage that it can be used not only in the laboratory but also for capturing and investigating animals in the field.

  Since the basic blending raw materials constituting the composition of the present invention are not limited to fragrances, mineral oils, and fats and oils that are permitted as food additives, it is possible to provide products that are highly safe for human livestock by appropriately selecting the raw materials. Is possible. In addition, the fragrance ingredients are all natural plant-derived materials, and even when used outdoors, they are assimilated and decomposed by microorganisms, air, ultraviolet rays, etc. in a relatively short period of time, so there is no soil persistence, thus environmental pollution. It also has the feature that the degree is extremely low.

  The composition of the present invention is an oily mixture obtained by adding an appropriate amount of a surfactant as necessary to a specific type of active ingredient present in a plant essential oil, and further mixing and diluting with mineral oil or fat as necessary, or The active ingredient is obtained as it is, or the oily mixture is emulsified and dispersed in water by using a surfactant in a conventional manner to produce an aqueous emulsion. The object of the present invention can be achieved by using or applying a propellant such as LPG or dimethyl ether to animals.

In the following, examples using sucrose fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters as surfactants will be specifically described by way of examples, but these are merely examples and do not limit the composition of the present invention. .

Five active ingredient liquids (hereinafter referred to as “active oils”) A, B, C, D, and E, in which citral, terpineol, and terpinyl acetate were combined in the weight ratio shown in Table 1 were prepared (Table 1).

The base liquid for manufacturing each aqueous | water-based emulsion liquid sample was prepared with respect to each of active oil AE by the prescription shown in Table 2. The emulsified liquid sample can be easily obtained by emulsifying a predetermined amount of the active oil described in the formulation by a usual method.

In the formulation shown in Table 3, a base solution for producing each oily solution was set for each of the active oils A to E. The oily liquid sample is prepared by mixing and dissolving a predetermined amount with a predetermined amount of sorbitan fatty acid ester at room temperature as necessary using the active oil described in the formulation, and further including a predetermined amount of mineral oil or fat (and mixtures thereof) ) To obtain easily.

Twenty kinds of aqueous emulsion samples were prepared using 2 g of each of the active oils with the formulation shown in Table 2. (Method) An aqueous solution of a predetermined sucrose fatty acid ester was added to a predetermined active oil with stirring well at room temperature to make a total amount of 100 g. Thereafter, this was mixed and stirred at 400 rpm for 2 minutes to obtain emulsion samples AM (2) to EO (2) (the values in parentheses indicate the blending percentage of the active oil, the same applies hereinafter). Although a slight difference was observed in the homogeneity (appearance) of the prepared emulsion samples, a generally good emulsion of white to pale yellowish white color was obtained.

19 kinds of oily liquid samples were prepared with the formulation shown in Table 3 using 5 g of each active oil. (Method) After adding a predetermined amount of sorbitan fatty acid ester to a predetermined active oil and mixing well at 70 ° C., kerosene heated to 70 ° C. is added to make the total amount 100 g, and oily liquid sample SAOs (5) ~ SEO (5) was obtained. All were almost transparent, very slightly turbid, colorless to slightly yellow, slightly viscous liquid.

In Example 5, 19 types of oily liquid samples were prepared by exactly the same formulation and method except that 20 g of each active oil was used and castor oil was used instead of kerosene. Next, using these oily liquids, in Example 4, except that the active oils listed in Table 2 were replaced with these oily liquids, the same formulas corresponding to the same numbers in Tables 2 and 3 were used. Nineteen emulsion samples were prepared. In any case, as with the emulsion obtained in Example 4, a white to slightly yellowish white emulsion is obtained, and an aqueous emulsion sample can be easily prepared from an oily liquid obtained by diluting active oil. .

Using the base solutions Nos. 2, 5, 12, 15 and 18 listed in Table 2, the amount (%) of each active oil was 0.01, 0.03, 0.0 in the same manner as in Example 4. An aqueous emulsion sample of 05, 0.1, 0.3 was prepared. Using a hand spray, in a room set at 25 ° C., these emulsions were applied once to each adult beetle from a distance of about 15 cm, and the subsequent behavior was observed. Twenty individuals were used for each test sample, and a case where normal flight was not possible was determined to have a behavior suppressing effect. Table 4 shows the number of individuals whose behavior was suppressed within 3 minutes and the average value (described in parentheses) of the behavior suppression time (minutes) of these individuals.

  As is clear from Table 4, in any base solution, when the concentration of the active oil is less than 0.05%, the action-suppressing effect is extremely insufficient, and even for small insects such as the bee, at least 0.05% It turns out that the above is necessary.

Using the base solutions of Nos. 3, 8, 10, 13, and 17 shown in Table 2, aqueous emulsion samples having different active oil blending amounts were prepared in the same manner as in Example 7. Using 20 human striped mosquitoes for each test sample, application / test was performed under the same conditions and methods as in Example 7 to evaluate the action inhibitory effect. The results are shown in Table 5. As in Example 7, when the concentration of the active oil is less than 0.05%, the action-suppressing effect is extremely insufficient, and even for small insects such as mosquitoes, at least 0.05% It turns out that the above is necessary.

Using the oily base solutions of Nos. 1, 5, 8, 13, 15 and 19 listed in Table 3, the amount (%) of each active oil was 0.01, 0.03 in the same manner as in Example 5. , 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 oily liquid samples were prepared for each 100 g. Next, each was sealed in a pressure-resistant container together with 300 g of LPG to prepare an oil-based spray sample. In a room set at 25 ° C., 20 on-site white lice were used for each test sample, and a spray was sprayed for 2 seconds from a distance of about 30 cm to evaluate the action suppressing effect. The results are shown in Table 6. As in Examples 7 and 8, when the concentration of the active oil was less than 0.05%, the action suppressing effect was insufficient.

From these facts, it is understood that, in any of the aqueous emulsion and oily liquid, if any active oil is not used at least 0.05% or more, it cannot exert a sufficient action suppressing effect even for small insects. .

Using the base solution No. 1 (AM) for the emulsified liquid described in Table 2, the compounding amount (%) of the active oil (A) is 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, and 3 in the same manner as in Example 4. 5,10 aqueous emulsion samples were prepared. Using a hand spray, in a room set at 25 ° C., these emulsions were applied once to each of the following 10 invertebrates from a distance of about 15 cm, and the subsequent behavior was observed. Each animal species used 20 individuals, and when it was not possible to fly normally, or when it was not able to move a distance of about 5 times or more of its own body length, it was determined that there was an action suppressing effect. Table 7 shows the number of individuals in which behavioral inhibition was observed within 3 minutes and the average value (described in parentheses) of behavioral inhibition time (minutes) of these individuals. Depending on the sample, dead individuals were generated. In that case, the number of dead individuals is shown in the brackets. 1: phthalmon wasp, 2: nymph mite, 3: killer whale, 4: chakoura slug, 5: yamabir, 6: drosophila, 7: giant tobacco, adult: aphid, 9: haributirijaari, 10: Chorange bee (larva)

  Cases where the action control effect is insufficient when the concentration of the active oil is low (for example, 0.3 to 0.5%) depending on the animal species, or conversely, death occurs when the concentration is too high (over 3%) However, in any species, a sufficient inhibitory effect is recognized over a relatively wide concentration range.

Oily base solution No. 9 (SBO) listed in Table 3 was used in the same manner as in Example 5, and the active oil (B) content (%) was 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50. 100 g of each liquid sample was prepared. Subsequently, the oil-based spray sample was produced by the same method as Example 9. In a room set at 25 ° C., these sprays were sprayed from the distance of about 30 cm to the following 10 invertebrates for 2 seconds, and the subsequent behavior was observed. Each animal species used 20 individuals, and when it was not possible to fly normally, or when it was not able to move a distance of about 5 times or more of its own body length, it was determined that there was an action suppressing effect. Table 8 shows the number of individuals in which behavioral inhibition was observed within 3 minutes and the average value (in parentheses) of behavioral inhibition time (minutes) of those individuals (exceeding 120 minutes is uniform) 120). Depending on the sample, dead individuals were generated. In that case, the number of dead individuals is shown in the brackets. 1: Chadokuga (final instar larvae), 2: Giant spider (around 1 cm), 3: Greater hornet, 4: Potato moth beetle, 5: Ombutatta, 6: Akaeka, 7: Tobism cadet (around 8 cm), 8: Black cockroach, 9: Sloth , 10: Scaraba beetle

  When an active oil is used as an oily liquid, a high concentration can be blended, and the types of animal species that can be targeted also increase. However, as a whole, a tendency similar to that in Example 10 is observed, and it is sufficient over a wide concentration range. A behavioral inhibitory effect is observed. From these facts, it can be seen that the composition of the present invention can be used as a useful behavior inhibitor for a great variety of terrestrial invertebrates.

Test samples similar to those in Examples 10 and 11 were prepared using an aqueous emulsion base solution and an oily base solution containing any of the active oils C, D, and E, respectively. About 5 types of animals, the behavior inhibitory effect was investigated. As the base solution for the emulsified liquid, No. 11 (active oil C), No. 14 (active oil D) and No. 20 (active oil E) shown in Table 2 were used. 6 types of the same 0.3 to 10%). On the other hand, No. 11 (active oil C), No. 16 (active oil D) and No. 18 (active oil E) listed in Table 3 were used for oily base liquid (using kerosene) (the concentration of each active oil was determined). 6 to 3 to 50% as in Example 11). Based on the results of the test, Table 9 shows the range (%) of the appropriate blending concentration of the active oil for exhibiting a sufficient behavior suppressing effect for each sample and animal species. 1: Baramidria beetle, 2: Yellow-winged bee, 3: Urikinawawa (final instar larvae): 4: Hornet wasp, 5: Butterfly fly, 6: Rurichu range (larvae), 7: Fly-wing beetle, 8: Shikasugagame, 9 : Ooskashiba (last-instar larvae), 10: Enma cricket

  The active oils C, D, and E were also found to have a behavior suppressing effect similar to that of A and B, but C and E were found to exhibit a slightly more relaxed action depending on the animal species. However, in E, there was a tendency that the action suppression time was generally longer than that of other active oils.

About each active oil, the test sample was prepared by the method similar to Example 4 and Example 5, respectively, using the base liquid for aqueous | water-based emulsified liquids, and an oily base liquid. As the base solution for the emulsified liquid, No. 4 (active oil A), No. 7 (active oil B), No. 9 (active oil C), 16 (active oil D) and No. 19 (active oil E) shown in Table 2 are used. ), And the blending concentration of each active oil was 0.5%. On the other hand, for the oily base liquid, No. 4 (active oil A), No. 7 (active oil B), No. 12 (active oil C), No. 14 (active oil D) and No. 17 (active oil E) described in Table 3 are used. The blending concentration of each active oil was 5%. Next, for the emulsified liquid hand spray sample, Chakoura slug (20 animals) was used as the target animal in the same manner as in Example 7, and for the oily base liquid sample, the ombatta (20 animals) was used. The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 9. If no action-suppressing effect is observed even if applied once to the subject animal, apply again after 3 minutes (second time). If no effect is seen yet, reapply after 3 minutes (third time). Was observed to observe the state, and the effect of repeated application was evaluated. Table 10 shows the number of individuals whose behavior was suppressed within 3 minutes after each application.

  Depending on the animal species, or if the concentration of the active oil is slightly insufficient, there may be cases where the effect of inhibiting the action is not yet sufficient even after multiple applications (lower table), but the number of applications increases. Since the inhibitory effect is also increased, the effect of repeated application is clearly recognized. In addition, many experiments have shown that this repetitive application method, in addition to other slugs and grasshoppers, includes centipedes, spiders, bees, mosquitoes, cockroaches, stink bugs, whitefly, scallops, fleas, thrips, leeches, leaf beetles, wasps, butterflies , Adults, mites, spider mites, flies, aphids, ants, termites, scale insects, planthoppers, dragonflies, ladybirds, mantis, lice, cicada, fireflies, longhorn beetles, scarab beetles, river moths, etc. It was confirmed that it was also effective. As described above, the composition of the present invention can easily achieve its purpose by repeatedly applying to the animal species whose optimum component composition or concentration of the active oil to be applied is unknown while observing the behavior. And therefore has the advantage that it is likely that failure (such as animal death) can be avoided.

  In Examples 10 to 12, when the same sample was applied again after returning to normal to animals that exhibited a behavior suppressing effect for 10 minutes or more, the same behavior suppression was again performed in most animal species. It was found that the effect was manifested. There were rare cases of death, but in many cases, the same inhibitory effect was exhibited when the sample was applied at a lower concentration than the initial application. Therefore, such an additional coating method can be used effectively when it is desired to extend the behavior suppression time.

  Using the composition of the present invention, capture and marking of hornet wasp (Table 2, No. 3, active oil A, 5% blended) and sumumushi capture and marking (Table No. 3, No. 10, active oil B, 15) in the field % Formulation). Although catching nets were used to capture the hornet wasp, it was also possible to apply the sample directly to adults flying on flowers, etc., without using a catching net. Also, there was no danger at the time of marking, and I was able to work with peace of mind. On the other hand, it was extremely effective in capturing Susumu, and when it was properly applied to the found insect, escape behavior was suppressed and it was possible to capture it easily. Thus, it can be seen that the composition of the present invention is an extremely useful behavior inhibitor composition that can be easily used in the field without being limited to use in a laboratory or the like.

  The composition according to the present invention is useful for research on pests as experimental materials in the fields of agriculture and horticulture (breeding and maintenance of pests), and is widely used in universities and research institutions. It is also valuable for physiological and ecological research.

Claims (2)

  Citral-a, citral-b, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, γ-terpineol, δ-terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate, β-terpinyl acetate, γ-terpinyl acetate, δ-terpinyl An active oil composed of at least one compound selected from acetate is added with an appropriate amount of a surfactant as necessary, and an oily mixture diluted with mineral oil or fat as necessary, or active A behavior inhibitor composition for terrestrial invertebrates characterized by being an emulsified dispersion prepared by using a surfactant in water or an oily mixture. The action inhibitor composition for terrestrial invertebrates according to claim 1, comprising 0.05% or more of active oil.