JP2018009890A - Fusion reactor blanket subunit, its manufacturing method, and fusion reactor blanket - Google Patents

Abstract

A fusion reactor blanket capable of stably realizing a sufficiently large tritium breeding ratio is provided. A fusion reactor blanket subunit includes a lithium-containing body 25 containing lithium or a lithium compound, and a multiplier block provided with a dense storage body 26 made of beryllium that houses and seals the lithium-containing body 25. And a subunit housing that houses and seals the multiplier block. A cooling water flow path is formed through which cooling water that cools the inside of the subunit housing is communicated with the outside and inside of the subunit housing. A gas flow path is formed in which the tritium generated in the subunit housing is conveyed outside the subunit housing by connecting the outside and the inside of the subunit housing. [Selection] Figure 4

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a fusion reactor blanket subunit, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fusion reactor blanket.

  A fusion reactor blanket (hereinafter also simply referred to as a “blanket”) is a key component for extracting energy from a fusion reactor.

  The fusion reactor blanket system is a composite system that receives neutron irradiation, multiplies neutrons inside, and produces tritium, and includes a housing structure and a tritium recovery system behind the case structure.

JP-A-8-41664

  Although tritium is used as a fuel in a nuclear fusion reactor, since tritium does not exist in nature, it must be self-generated in the nuclear fusion reactor to establish a fuel cycle. In order to enable tritium productivity (TBR: tritium breeding ratio) and its continuous operation in the blanket system, TBR as an evaluation value in the plant system including tritium recovery and reintroduction into the core is more than 1.05 It is estimated that it is necessary and that TBR is larger than 1.25 in the evaluation of the subunit alone.

  On the other hand, lithium is an extremely chemically active metal and reacts violently with heat at high temperatures, so that chemically stable lithium compounds have been used in the past. However, these reduce the amount of lithium in the subunit and absorb and consume neutrons, which is a serious detrimental effect on tritium growth.

  Embodiments of the present invention have been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a fusion reactor blanket capable of stably realizing a sufficiently large tritium breeding ratio and a blanket subunit therefor. To do.

  A nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a lithium-containing body containing lithium or a lithium compound, and a beryllium dense housing body that houses and seals the lithium-containing body. A block and a subunit housing that houses and seals the multiplier block, and cooling water that cools the inside of the subunit housing flows between the outside and the inside of the subunit housing. A cooling water flow path is formed, and a gas flow path is formed that communicates the outside and inside of the subunit housing to convey tritium generated in the subunit housing to the outside of the subunit housing. Features.

  A nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a lithium-containing body containing a lithium compound, and a multiplying material provided with a coarse and dense container made of beryllium that houses and seals the lithium-containing body. A block and a subunit housing that houses and seals the multiplier block, and cooling water that cools the inside of the subunit housing flows between the outside and the inside of the subunit housing. A cooling water flow path is formed, and a gas flow path is formed that communicates the outside and inside of the subunit housing to convey tritium generated in the subunit housing to the outside of the subunit housing. Features.

  A fusion reactor blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of the fusion reactor blanket subunits arranged along an inner surface of a vacuum vessel for confining plasma.

  A fusion reactor blanket subunit manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a lithium-containing body creation step of creating a lithium-containing body containing lithium or a lithium compound by impregnating a porous beryllium body with lithium or a lithium compound; A pellet forming step in which the lithium-containing body is stored in a dense beryllium container and sealed to form a lithium-beryllium pellet; and the lithium-beryllium pellet is stored in a subunit housing after the pellet forming step. And a sub-unit housing housing step for hermetically sealing.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, a sufficiently large tritium breeding ratio can be stably realized in a fusion reactor blanket.

The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 1st embodiment. The main part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor which shows the condition which has arrange | positioned the several nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of one multiplier block which comprises the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of one pellet which comprises the multiplier block which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the pellet of FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the multiplier block of FIG. The principal part expansion longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the wall surface vicinity of the subunit housing | casing in the some fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of one multiplier block which comprises the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 3rd embodiment. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. The transverse cross section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 4th embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 5th embodiment. The XIII-XIII arrow cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 6th embodiment. The XV-XV arrow directional cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. The XVI-XVI arrow directional cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 7th embodiment. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIII-XVIII of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. 17. Explanatory drawing which shows the assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 7th Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the condition before insertion to the subunit housing | casing of the tip multiplier block and spring unit in the fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 7th Embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the condition before insertion in the subunit housing | casing of the main multiplier block and the spring unit in the fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 7th Embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fusion reactor blanket subunit according to an eighth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to a ninth embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 10th embodiment. The partial expanded front view which shows the condition before insertion to the subunit housing | casing of the spring unit of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 10th Embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning an 11th embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 11th Embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 12th embodiment. The typical longitudinal section of the fusion reactor blanket subunit concerning a 13th embodiment. Explanatory drawing which shows the assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 13th Embodiment. The principal part expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit which concerns on 14th Embodiment.

Three functions necessary for blanket development, design, and production are shown below.
(1) Fusion reaction Receiving neutrons and recovering kinetic energy as heat.
D + T → n (14.1 MeV) + He (3.5 MeV)
(2) Multiply reactive neutrons.
Be-9 + n → 2n + 2He-2.5MeV
(3) Tritium is propagated, recovered and reused as fuel.
Li-6 + n → T + He + 4.8 MeV

  Hereinafter, a fusion reactor blanket according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, the same or similar parts are denoted by common reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a nuclear fusion reactor showing a state in which a plurality of nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunits according to the first embodiment are arranged. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of one multiplier block constituting the nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of one pellet constituting the multiplier block according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the pellet of FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing process of the multiplier block of FIG. FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part showing the vicinity of the wall surface of the subunit housing in the plurality of fusion reactor blanket subunits according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a large number of fusion reactor blanket subunits (hereinafter also simply referred to as “subunits”) 12 are arranged along the inner surface of the vacuum vessel 11 of the fusion reactor. A fusion plasma 13 is formed in the vacuum vessel 11 by the operation of the fusion reactor.

  As shown in FIG. 1, each subunit 12 is covered with a cylindrical subunit housing 14 extending in the axial direction substantially perpendicular to the inner surface of the vacuum vessel 11. A hemispherical portion 50 is formed at an end portion (first end portion) 15 of the subunit casing 14 facing the fusion plasma 13. The second end portion 16 on the opposite side of the first end portion 15 of the subunit housing 14 is sealed with a disc-shaped bottom plate 17.

  The subunit housing 14 has a double wall structure formed by an inner wall 18 and an outer wall 19 outside thereof, and a cooling water flow path 20 is formed between the inner wall 18 and the outer wall 19. The inner wall 18 and the outer wall 19 are made of, for example, ferritic stainless steel. The cooling water passage 20 is connected to a cooling water pipe 21 penetrating the bottom plate 17, and the cooling water pipe 21 is connected to a heat exchanger (not shown) outside the subunit housing 14.

  A plurality of disk-like multiplier blocks 22 are stacked in the subunit housing 14.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each multiplier block 22 includes a coarse / dense container 23 and a plurality of lithium-beryllium pellets (hereinafter also simply referred to as “pellets”) 24 housed and sealed in the coarse / dense container 23. And have. The coarse / dense container 23 is made of coarse / dense beryllium having a density (filling rate) of about 80 to 90%, for example. Within each coarse / dense container 23, a plurality of pellets 24 are arranged in a single plane perpendicular to the axis at intervals.

  As shown in FIG. 4, each lithium-beryllium pellet 24 includes a disk-shaped lithium-containing body 25 and a dense storage body 26 that houses and seals the lithium-containing body 25. The lithium-containing body 25 is formed by impregnating lithium into a disk-shaped beryllium porous body 31 (see FIG. 5) to form a disk. The density of the beryllium porous body 31 is lower than the density of the coarse / dense container 23, for example, about 65 to 80%. The dense container 26 is higher in density than the dense container 23, and is made of dense beryllium having a density of 90 to 100%, for example.

  Here, the manufacturing process of the lithium-beryllium pellet 24 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, the process order is indicated by thick black arrows. The same applies to the following process explanatory diagrams.

  First, a large number of beryllium grains 30 are sintered to produce a disk-like beryllium porous body 31. The beryllium grain 30 has a diameter of about 1 mm, for example. Next, the disk-shaped lithium plate 32 and the beryllium porous body 31 are heated by being overlapped, the lithium plate 32 is melted, the beryllium porous body 31 is impregnated with lithium, and the disk-shaped lithium-containing body is obtained. 25 is generated. Impregnation can be performed at, for example, about 150 to 200 ° C. Since lithium has good wettability, it is easily impregnated. Next, the lithium-containing body 25 is stored in a cylindrical dense storage container main body 27.

  Next, a disk-shaped dense storage container lid 28 (FIG. 3) is placed, sealed, and molded to complete the lithium-beryllium pellet 24 (FIG. 4). The dense storage container body 27 and the dense storage container lid 28 constitute a dense storage body 26. Sealing is performed in a vacuum. At the time of sealing with the dense storage container lid 28, the atmosphere (mainly oxygen and nitrogen) in the dense storage body 26 remains, but the lithium is melted by the heat applied at the time of sealing, and at that time the dense storage body Since the air in the interior 26 is taken in, the activity of the gas in the dense container 26 is lowered.

  Next, the manufacturing process of the multiplier block 22 will be described with reference to FIG. A plurality of holes (recesses) 34 for accommodating the pellets 24 one by one are formed on the upper surface of a cylindrical coarse / dense container body 33 that constitutes a part of the coarse / dense container 23. These holes 34 are arranged in a plane and spaced apart from each other. In addition, the shape and size of each hole 34 is designed to match the shape and size of the pellet 24 so that there is no gap as much as possible. Next, the pellets 24 are inserted into these holes 34. Next, a disk-shaped coarse / dense container lid 35 is placed on the upper surface of the coarse / dense container body 33 to cover and seal the upper surface of the coarse / dense container body 33 including all the pellets 24. At this time, the coarse / dense storage container body 33 and the coarse / dense storage container lid 35 constitute the coarse / dense container 23.

  The coarse / dense storage container body 33 and the coarse / dense storage container lid 35 can be produced from beryllium powder (not shown) by powder metallurgy. In that case, the density (filling rate) after baking can be controlled by adjusting the pressure at the time of powder baking.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a large number of beryllium particles 36 are filled in the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, a large number of beryllium grains 37 are filled in an annular space between the multiplier member block 22 and the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14. The beryllium grains 36 and beryllium grains 37 may be the same. Since beryllium has a high thermal conductivity, the presence of the beryllium grains 36 and 37 allows the heat in the multiplier block 22 to be transmitted to the inner wall 18 and dissipated to the cooling water flowing in the cooling water flow path 20.

  A gas pipe 40 (FIG. 2) is attached through the bottom plate 17. The gas pipe 40 is connected to a tritium recovery mechanism (not shown) outside the subunit housing 14. A sweep gas such as helium flows through the gas pipe 40, and tritium generated in the subunit housing 14 is sent to the tritium recovery mechanism together with the sweep gas through the gas pipe 40, and the tritium is recovered.

  According to this embodiment, the beryllium porous body 31 can be impregnated with lithium to increase the lithium density and increase the tritium growth rate. In addition, by using the beryllium dense container 26 and the beryllium dense container 23, even if the cooling water leaks into the subunit housing 14, lithium and water come into contact with each other. The chemical reaction caused by this can be prevented. At the same time, the lithium-containing body 25 can be reliably cooled.

  The tritium generated in the lithium-beryllium pellets 24 passes through the beryllium dense container 26 and further passes through the beryllium coarse container 23 and is collected from the gas pipe 40.

  The beryllium dense container 26 and the beryllium dense container 23 are made of the same material, although the density is different. Therefore, the difference in expansion and contraction due to temperature change does not occur, and the soundness of the structure is maintained. Can do.

  Assuming leakage of cooling water in the subunit housing 14, it is conceivable that the multiplier block 22 is rapidly cooled. In such a case, when the temperature of beryllium is lowered to 400 ° C. or lower, the ductility of beryllium is drastically lowered, so that there is generally a concern about damage (cracking) due to thermal shock. However, in this embodiment, the use of the coarse / dense beryllium densely packed container 23 makes it difficult for cracks to occur, and even if local cracks occur in the scale, the cracks do not propagate and maintain their shape and function. can do. In addition, excellent heat conduction characteristics can be exhibited.

  According to this embodiment, it is possible to improve the tritium breeding capability, suppress the loss of tritium due to the transition phenomenon in the tritium recovery process, and realize tritium production sufficient for the operation of the fusion reactor in the entire blanket system.

  During normal operation of the fusion reactor, the temperature of the subunit housing 14 is assumed to be approximately 500 to 600 ° C., for example, and lithium is assumed to be in a liquid or gaseous state.

  In the above description, the lithium plate 32 is melted and impregnated into the beryllium porous body 31. The nuclear reaction can be controlled by adjusting the lithium content.

  In addition, when it is assumed that the corrosion of the dense container 26 and the beryllium porous body 31 is remarkable due to the continued operation of the fusion reactor, the thickness of the dense container 26 may be adjusted and designed.

  When the thickness of the dense container 26 cannot be sufficiently increased due to design conditions, a part of lithium in the first embodiment can be replaced with lithium oxide as a modification of the first embodiment.

  Furthermore, in the above description, the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14 is filled with a large number of beryllium grains 36. As a modification, a dense beryllium plate is used instead of the large number of beryllium grains 36. What was processed into a hemisphere according to the shape of the hemispherical part 50 of the subunit housing | casing 14 (not shown) may be arrange | positioned there.

  Furthermore, as another modification, for example, a configuration in which the coarse / dense container 23 is not used can be obtained by dispersing and arranging the lithium-beryllium pellets 24 in the subunit housing 14.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of one multiplier block constituting the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the second embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, a plurality of lithium compound pebbles 45 are used instead of the lithium-beryllium pellets 24 of the first embodiment. That is, each multiplier block 22 has a coarse / dense container 23 and a plurality of lithium compound pebbles 45 housed and sealed in the holes 34 of the coarse / dense container 23. The lithium compound pebble 45 is made of, for example, lithium oxide. In the manufacturing process of the multiplier block 22, a plurality of lithium compound pebbles 45 are filled in the plurality of holes 34 formed on the upper surface of the coarse / dense container body 33, and the coarse / dense container lid 35 is covered and sealed. . Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  Lithium compounds such as lithium oxide are less reactive than lithium and therefore do not need to be enclosed in the dense container 26 (FIG. 4).

  According to this embodiment, since the lithium compound pebble 45 is housed in the coarse / dense container 23, water and the lithium compound can be used even if a leakage of cooling water in the subunit housing 14 is assumed. Can prevent contact. Thereby, reaction with water and a lithium compound can be prevented.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG.

  This third embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and in each multiplier block 22, seven lithium-beryllium pellets (pellets) 24 (24a, 24b) are stored in the coarse / dense container 23. Has been sealed. The seven pellets 24 are all cylindrical and have the same shape and the same size, and the respective axes are arranged parallel to the axis of the subunit housing 14. One pellet 24a is disposed in the axial center portion of the subunit casing 14, and the other six pellets 24b are disposed so as to surround the pellet 24a in the axial center portion so that the circumferential intervals are equal to each other. By arranging in this way, many pellets 24 can be accommodated in the multiplier block 22, and the amount of lithium in the subunit 12 can be increased.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the fourth embodiment.

  This fourth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment, and there is no equivalent to the pellet 24a (FIG. 10) of the shaft center part of the third embodiment, and the shaft part has a columnar shape. A central gap 49 is formed. Six pellets 24b are arranged so as to surround the central gap 49 so that the circumferential intervals are equal to each other. Furthermore, a through hole (not shown) is formed in the axial center portion of each of the dense and dense storage bodies 23 so that the central gaps 49 of the plurality of multiplier blocks 22 communicate in the axial direction. By flowing a sweep gas such as helium gas into the central gap 49, the recovery of tritium can be promoted. Furthermore, if the flow rate of the sweep gas is increased, cooling with gas is possible.

  The configuration other than the above is the same as that of the third embodiment.

[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the fifth embodiment. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG.

  The fifth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment (FIGS. 9 and 10).

  In the fifth embodiment, a thin disk-shaped increase in the axial direction is thinner in the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14 than the multiplier block 22 disposed in the cylindrical portion of the subunit housing 14. A double material block 122 is arranged. The coarse / dense container 123 and the pellet 124 constituting the thin multiplier block 122 are thinner (shorter) in the axial direction than the multiplier block 22 arranged in the cylindrical portion of the subunit housing 14. The arrangement relation of the seven pellets 124 in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the thin multiplier block 122 is the same as the arrangement relation of the seven pellets 24 of the multiplier block 22 in the cylindrical portion (FIG. 10).

  In the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14, a small multiplier block 222 having a diameter smaller than that of the thin multiplier block 122 is disposed nearer the tip than the thin multiplier block 122. The coarse / dense container 223 of the small multiplier block 222 is smaller in diameter than the coarse / dense container 123 of the thin multiplier block 122, but the thickness is the same as that of the coarse / dense container 123. The small multiplier block 222 includes three pellets 224 and is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the axis of the small multiplier block 222. The shape and size of each pellet 224 are the same as the pellet 124 of the thin multiplier block 122.

  In the hemispherical portion 50, a large number of beryllium grains 36 are filled in a gap other than where the thin multiplier block 122 and the small multiplier block 222 are arranged.

  Structures other than those described above are the same as in the third embodiment.

  According to the fifth embodiment, since the pellets 124 and 224 are disposed in the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14, the amount of the pellets 24, 124, and 224 in the subunit 12 can be increased.

  In this embodiment, the lithium content of the lithium-containing body 25 (FIG. 4) of the pellets 124 and 224 in the hemispherical portion 50 is made larger than the lithium content of the lithium-containing body 25 of the pellet 24 of the cylindrical portion. May be. The lithium content of the lithium-containing body 25 can be adjusted by adjusting the porosity of the beryllium porous body 31 (FIG. 5) and the amount of lithium impregnated therein.

[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 14 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. 14 taken along line XV-XV. 16 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. 14 taken along line XVI-XVI.

  The sixth embodiment is a modification of the fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, only one relatively large lithium-beryllium pellet 24, 124, 224 is placed in the center of each multiplier block 22, 122, 222. The size of each pellet 24, 124, 224 is larger than that of the fifth embodiment, but the structure is the same as that of the fifth embodiment.

  The structure of the coarse / dense container 23, 123, 223 is the same as that of the fifth embodiment.

  According to this embodiment, the number of pellets 24, 124, 224 can be reduced, the amount of processing can be reduced, and the amount of lithium can be increased.

[Seventh Embodiment]
FIG. 17 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the seventh embodiment. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIII-XVIII of the fusion reactor blanket subunit of FIG. FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a state before the tip multiplier block and the spring unit in the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the seventh embodiment are inserted into the subunit housing. FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state before the main multiplier block and the spring unit in the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the seventh embodiment are inserted into the subunit housing.

  The fusion reactor blanket subunit (subunit) 12 of this embodiment includes a subunit housing 14, a plurality of multiplier blocks 22 c and 22 d housed in the subunit housing 14, and a bottom plate 17. . The structures of the subunit housing 14 and the bottom plate 17 are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.

  The multiplier block (main multiplier block) 22c is inserted into the cylindrical portion excluding the tip of the subunit housing 14, and the columnar shape is divided into two by a plane (dividing plane) passing through the axis. It is cylindrical. Two multiplier blocks 22c are opposed to each other on the dividing surface, and a spring unit 55 is disposed between them. The spring unit 55 includes two compression springs 56 arranged in parallel and two contact plates 57 arranged in parallel with each other across the compression springs 56. The two multiplier blocks 22c are pressed away from each other by the compression spring 56 via the contact plate 57 and pressed against the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14. In this manner, a plurality of sets (four sets in the illustrated example) of the two multiplying material blocks 22c arranged with the spring unit 55 interposed therebetween are arranged in the axial direction.

  The multiplier block (tip multiplier block) 22d is inserted into the hemispherical portion 50 at the tip of the subunit housing 14, and the hemisphere is divided into two by a plane (dividing plane) passing through the axis. About 14 spheres. Two multiplier blocks 22d face each other at their split surfaces, and a spring unit 58 is disposed between them. The structure of the spring unit 58 is the same as that of the spring unit 55. The two multiplier blocks 22d are pushed away from each other by the spring unit 58 and are pushed against the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14.

  The multiplier blocks 22c and 22d are similar to the multiplier block 22 in any one of the first to sixth embodiments, for example. However, the outer shape of the multiplier block 22c, 22d is different from the outer shape of the multiplier block 22 in the first to sixth embodiments.

  In assembling the subunit of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, first, in the state before the bottom plate 17 is attached to the subunit housing 14, from the opened second end portion 16, Two 14 spherical multiplier blocks 22 d and the spring unit 58 are inserted and arranged in the hemispherical portion 50. The spring unit 58 is compressed at the time of insertion so that the two multiplier blocks 22d are pressed against the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14 after being arranged in the hemispherical portion 50.

  In FIG. 20, the white arrow represents the direction of movement of the component in the assembly work. The same applies to the drawings describing the following assembly procedure.

  Next, a set of two multiplier blocks 22c and a spring unit 55 between them is sequentially inserted into the subunit housing 14. At this time, as shown in FIG. 21, the compression spring 56 of the spring unit 55 is inserted in a compressed state. After that, the bottom plate 17 is attached to the second end portion 16 of the subunit housing 14 which is opened and sealed to obtain the state shown in FIG.

  According to this embodiment, since the multiplier blocks 22c and 22d are pressed against the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14 during normal operation of the fusion reactor, the heat from the multiplier blocks 22c and 22d is in contact The heat transfer is transmitted to the inner wall 18 so that the multiplier blocks 22c and 22d can be efficiently cooled.

[Eighth Embodiment]
FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the eighth embodiment.

  This embodiment is a modification of the seventh embodiment, and the direction of the dividing surface of the multiplier block 22c, that is, the direction of the spring unit 55, and the direction of the dividing surface of the multiplier block 22d, that is, the direction of the spring unit 58. Are not aligned when viewed from the axial direction. More specifically, each dividing surface is arranged so as to include the axis of the subunit housing 14, and is arranged at different circumferential positions (angular positions) according to the axial position.

  Other configurations are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.

  According to the eighth embodiment, the positions of the gaps formed on the dividing surfaces of the multiplier block 22c and the multiplier block 22d are not aligned in the axial direction. Therefore, when viewed from the axial direction, there is no portion where the gap extends linearly from the first end portion 15 to the second end portion 16 except for the axial center portion. Therefore, neutron beams emitted from the fusion plasma 13 rarely reach the bottom plate 17.

[Ninth Embodiment]
FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the ninth embodiment.

  This embodiment is a modification of the eighth embodiment, and the multiplier blocks 22e, 22f, 22g, and 22h are arranged at positions in the axial direction of portions other than the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14. Yes. The multiplier blocks 22e, 22f, 22g, and 22h are opposed to each other at a dividing surface that extends in a plane in the axial direction, and a spring unit 60 is disposed at a position where they face each other. The structure of the spring unit 60 is the same as that of the spring unit 55 in the eighth embodiment.

  The multiplier block 22e and the multiplier block 22f have the same shape, but the multiplier blocks 22g and 22h are different from the multiplier blocks 22e and 22f. In this embodiment, the multiplier block 22g exists in the axial center portion of the subunit housing 14 and is not a gap. Depending on the position in the axial direction in the subunit housing 14, the arrangement positions of the multiplier blocks 22e, 22f, 22g, and 22h in the circumferential direction are shifted (not shown). Therefore, the gap between the multiplier blocks 22e, 22f, 22g, and 22h including the axial center portion extends linearly from the first end portion 15 to the second end portion 16 when viewed from the axial direction. There is no part. Therefore, neutron beams emitted from the fusion plasma 13 rarely reach the bottom plate 17.

[Tenth embodiment]
FIG. 24 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the tenth embodiment. FIG. 25 is a partially enlarged front view showing a state before the spring unit of the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the tenth embodiment is inserted into the subunit housing.

  This embodiment is a modification of the seventh embodiment (FIGS. 17 to 21). One spring unit 61 extends in the axial direction from the first end 15 to the second end 16 of the subunit housing 14. The spring unit 61 includes a pair of abutting plates 62 extending in the axial direction in parallel to each other, and a plurality of the abutting plates 62, and each of the spring units 61 pushes the abutting plates 62 in a direction in which the spacing between the abutting plates 62 is increased. And a compression spring 56. The contact plate 62 has a waveform in the axial direction and is easily bent in the axial direction.

  In assembling the subunit of the seventh embodiment, the multiplier member block is formed from the second end 16 into the subunit casing 14 with the second end 16 of the subunit casing 14 open. 22c and 22d are inserted sequentially. Thereafter, the spring unit 61 is inserted from the second end portion 16. Thereafter, the bottom plate 17 is attached to the opened second end portion 16 of the subunit housing 14 and sealed. By taking such an assembly procedure, it is possible to save labor during assembly.

  Further, since the contact plate 62 has a corrugated shape, the contact plate 62 bends in accordance with the dimensional tolerance of the multiplier block 22c, 22d, and the multiplier block 22c, 22d is reliably pushed radially outward, Contact between the multiplier blocks 22c and 22d and the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14 can be ensured. Thereby, the heat in the multiplier block 22c, 22d can be surely released to the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14.

[Eleventh embodiment]
FIG. 26 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the eleventh embodiment. FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing an assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the eleventh embodiment.

  The eleventh embodiment is a modification of the seventh to tenth embodiments.

  In the eleventh embodiment, a plurality of pairs of substantially semi-cylindrical multiplier blocks 22i facing each other across the axis are arranged in the cylindrical subunit housing 14 in the axial direction. . A multiplier block 22j having a substantially rhombic longitudinal cross-sectional shape is disposed at an axially central position sandwiched in the axial direction by the pair of multiple multiplier blocks 22i.

  The contact surface between the multiplier block 22i and the multiplier block 22j is inclined with respect to the axial direction. Further, the multiplier blocks 22i are not in contact with each other, and the multiplier blocks 22j are not in contact with each other.

  A spring unit 65 is disposed in contact with the second end portion 16 side of the multiplier block 22j closest to the second end portion 16 of the sub unit housing 14, and a disk is disposed outside the spring unit 65 in the axial direction. A male screw plate 66 is disposed, and the bottom plate 17 is attached to the outer side in the axial direction of the male screw plate 66.

  The spring unit 65 includes two disk-shaped contact plates 68 extending perpendicularly in the axial direction, and a plurality of compression springs 69 disposed so as to be sandwiched between these contact plates 68 to generate a pressing force in the axial direction. And have. A male screw 70 is formed on the outer periphery of the male screw plate 66 and is screwed with a female screw 71 formed near the second end 16 of the subunit housing 14. By screwing the male screw plate 66, the spring unit 65 is pushed toward the first end 15 side. The bottom plate 17 is welded and fixed to the second end portion 16 of the subunit housing 14 and sealed.

  The spring unit 65 always pushes the multiplier block 22j closest to the second end 16 of the subunit housing 14 toward the first end 15 side. As a result, the other multiplying material block 22j and the multiplying material block 22i are pushed in the axial direction. At this time, since the contact surface between the multiplier block 22i and the multiplier block 22j is inclined with respect to the axial direction, the substantially semi-columnar multiplier block 22i receives a force directed radially outward. It will be. As a result, the multiplier block 22 i is pressed against the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14. Therefore, heat transfer by heat conduction is promoted between the multiplier block 22 i and the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14. Further, since the multiplier block 22i and the multiplier block 22j that are adjacent to each other are pressed against each other, heat conduction is also promoted between them.

  As shown in FIG. 27, in assembling the subunit of the eleventh embodiment, the multiplier member is placed in the subunit casing 14 with the second end 16 of the subunit casing 14 open. The blocks 22 i and 22 j are inserted from the second end 16 in order from the position close to the first end 15. Finally, a multiplier block 22j to be arranged at a position closest to the second end portion 16 is inserted. Thereafter, the spring unit 65 is inserted, and then the male screw plate 66 is screwed in, and the compression spring 69 of the spring unit 65 is compressed to generate a compression force. Thereafter, the bottom plate 17 is welded and fixed to the second end portion 16 of the subunit housing 14 to be in a state shown in FIG.

  In the eleventh embodiment, the spring unit 65 is inserted after the multiplier block 22i, 22j is inserted into the subunit housing 14, and the spring unit 65 may be pressed in the axial direction. Assembling is easy and labor can be saved during assembly.

[Twelfth embodiment]
FIG. 28 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the twelfth embodiment.

  The twelfth embodiment is a modification of the eleventh embodiment.

  In the twelfth embodiment, multiplier blocks 22k, 22m, 22n, and 22p are arranged in the axial direction in a cylindrical subunit housing 14. The contact surface between the multiplier block 22k and the multiplier block 22m, the contact surface between the multiplier block 22m and the multiplier block 22n, and the contact surface between the multiplier block 22n and the multiplier block 22p are all. It is inclined with respect to the axial direction. Further, the multiplier block 22k and the multiplier block 22n are not in direct contact, and the multiplier block 22m and the multiplier block 22p are not in direct contact.

  A spring unit 65 is disposed in contact with the second end portion 16 side of the multiplier block 22p located closest to the second end portion 16 of the sub unit casing 14, and a disk is disposed outside the spring unit 65 in the axial direction. A male screw plate 66 is disposed, and the bottom plate 17 is attached to the outer side in the axial direction of the male screw plate 66.

  When the spring unit 65 pushes the multiplier block 22p toward the first end 15, the multiplier block 22p pushes the multiplier block 22n toward the first end 15, which further increases the multiplier. The block 22m is pushed to the first end 15 side, which further pushes the multiplier block 22k to the first end 15 side. At that time, the contact surfaces of each other are inclined with respect to the axial direction, so that the multiplier blocks 22k, 22m, 22n, and 22p are respectively pressed toward the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14. Receive power.

  According to the twelfth embodiment, the multiplying material blocks 22k, 22m, 22n, and 22p are pressed toward the inner wall 18 of the subunit housing 14 by the pressing force in the axial direction by the spring unit 65. Thereby, the same effect as the eleventh embodiment can be obtained.

[Thirteenth embodiment]
FIG. 29 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing an assembly process of the fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the thirteenth embodiment.

  As in the subunit casings 14 of the seventh to twelfth embodiments, the substantially cylindrical subunit casing 14a has a first end portion 15 projecting in a hemispherical shape and a second end portion 16 having a circular shape. It is sealed by a plate-like bottom plate 17.

  A hemispherical multiplier block 22q formed in accordance with the shape of the hemisphere is disposed in the hemispherical portion 50 near the first end 15 of the subunit casing 14a.

  A columnar multiplier block 22r is disposed in the cylindrical portion excluding the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14a. A female screw 75 is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion excluding the hemispherical portion 50 of the subunit housing 14a, and a male screw 76 that is screwed with the female screw 75 is formed on the outer surface of the columnar multiplier block 22r.

  In assembling the subunit of the thirteenth embodiment, first, the hemispherical multiplier block 22q in the subunit casing 14a with the second end 16 of the subunit casing 14a opened. Next, the cylindrical multiplier block 22r is screwed into the subunit housing 14a, and the hemispherical multiplier block 22q is directed to the first end portion 15 by the cylindrical multiplier block 22r. Press. Thereafter, the bottom plate 17 is welded and fixed to the second end portion 16 of the subunit casing 14a and sealed.

  According to this embodiment, the hemispherical multiplier block 22q and the cylindrical multiplier block 22r are pressed in the axial direction, and the hemispherical multiplier block 22q is the first end of the subunit housing 14a. 15 and the male screw 76 of the cylindrical multiplier block 22r and the female screw 75 of the subunit housing 14a are screwed together to ensure contact with each other, and heat conduction by solid contact is ensured. In addition, the assembling work is easy and labor can be saved.

  As a modification of the thirteenth embodiment, the hemispherical multiplier block 22q and the cylindrical multiplier block 22r may be integrally formed from the beginning. In that case, the assembly work is further facilitated.

[Fourteenth embodiment]
FIG. 31 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a principal part of a fusion reactor blanket subunit according to the fourteenth embodiment.

  The fourteenth embodiment is a modification of the thirteenth embodiment. In the fourteenth embodiment, as in the thirteenth embodiment (FIG. 29), the female screw 75 of the cylindrical portion of the subunit housing 14a and the male screw 76 of the columnar multiplier block 22r are screwed together. In the female screw 75 and the male screw 76 of the fourteenth embodiment, a deeper valley is formed than the depth of the screw valley required for a screw as a normal mechanical element. Thereby, spiral gas gaps 80 and 81 larger than the gap in the screw as a normal mechanical element are formed between the crests and troughs of the screws that are screwed together. Furthermore, a projecting portion 82 that projects from the peak of the male screw 76 is formed toward the center of the gas gap 81 formed between the valley of the female screw 75 and the peak of the male screw 76.

  A gas flow path is formed by the spiral gas gaps 80 and 81. By allowing a cooling gas to flow through the gas flow path, the inside of the subunit housing 14a can be cooled. The contact heat conduction characteristics between solids may vary depending on the property change of the solid material in service, but a stable heat removal characteristic can be maintained if it is a fluid. Further, the presence of the protruding portion 82 increases the solid surface area in contact with the gas gap 81, and promotes heat transfer between the gas and the solid in the gas gap 81.

  As a modification of the fourteenth embodiment, a protrusion (not shown) that protrudes from the peak of the female screw 75 toward the center of the gas gap 80 formed between the peak of the female screw 75 and the valley of the male screw 76. May be formed.

[Other Embodiments]
In the description of the above embodiment, the subunit casing 14 has a substantially cylindrical shape and the first end portion 15 has a semispherical shape. However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the subunit housing may be a rectangular parallelepiped.

  The features of the embodiments described above can be combined as appropriate.

  As mentioned above, although some embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Vacuum vessel, 12 ... Fusion reactor blanket subunit (subunit), 13 ... Fusion plasma, 14, 14a ... Subunit housing | casing, 15 ... 1st edge part, 16 ... 2nd edge part, 17 ... bottom plate, 18 ... inner wall, 19 ... outer wall, 20 ... cooling water flow path, 21 ... cooling water piping, 22, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f, 22g, 22h, 22i, 22j, 22k, 22m, 22n, 22p, 22q , 22r, 122, 222 ... multiplier block, 23,123,223 ... coarse and dense storage body, 24, 24a, 24b, 124, 224 ... lithium-beryllium pellet (pellet), 25 ... lithium-containing body, 26 ... dense storage 27, dense storage container body, 28 ... dense storage container lid, 30 ... beryllium grains, 31 ... beryllium porous body, 32 ... Richi Um plate, 33 ... Dense container body, 34 ... Hole (indentation), 35 ... Dense container holder lid, 36, 37 ... Beryllium grains, 40 ... Gas piping, 45 ... Lithium compound pebble, 49 ... Central void, 50 ... Hemisphere 55: Spring unit, 56 ... Compression spring, 57 ... Bump plate, 58 ... Spring unit, 60 ... Spring unit, 61 ... Spring unit, 62 ... Bump plate, 65 ... Spring unit, 66 ... Male screw plate, 68 ... Batter plate 69 ... Compression spring 70 ... Male screw 71, 75 ... Female screw 76 ... Male screw 80, 81 ... Gas gap 82 ... Projection

Claims (19)

A lithium-containing body containing lithium or a lithium compound;
A multiplier block comprising a dense bead made of beryllium that contains and seals the lithium-containing body;
A subunit housing that houses and seals the multiplier block;
Have
A cooling water flow path is formed through which cooling water that cools the inside of the subunit housing through communication between the outside and the inside of the subunit housing is formed.
A gas flow path is formed that communicates the outside and inside of the subunit housing to convey tritium generated in the subunit housing to the outside of the subunit housing;
Fusion reactor blanket subunit characterized by.   The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-containing body is obtained by impregnating a porous beryllium body with lithium or a lithium compound.   The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 2, wherein the porous beryllium body is configured by combining granular beryllium.   The multiplier block further includes a beryllium coarse / dense container that contains at least one of the multiplier blocks and is accommodated in the subunit housing and is denser than the dense container. The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The subunit housing is substantially cylindrical extending in the axial direction;
A plurality of the multiplying material blocks are arranged in the axial direction, and each of the multiplying material blocks has a disk shape coaxial with the shaft,
Within each of the dense storage bodies, in a plane perpendicular to the axis, surrounds one of the dense storage bodies arranged at the axial center position, and the other six dense storage bodies are equally spaced in the circumferential direction. Being placed in the
The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 4. The interior of the subunit housing is substantially cylindrical extending in the axial direction,
A plurality of the multiplying material blocks are arranged in the axial direction, and each of the multiplying material blocks has a disk shape coaxial with the shaft,
In each of the dense storage bodies, six dense storage bodies are equally spaced in the circumferential direction so as to form a central gap at the axial center position and surround the central gap in a plane perpendicular to the axis. Are located in
The central gap forms part of the gas flow path;
The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 4. A lithium-containing body containing a lithium compound;
A multiplier block comprising a beryllium coarse / dense container for containing and sealing the lithium-containing body;
A subunit housing that houses and seals the multiplier block;
Have
A cooling water flow path is formed through which cooling water that cools the inside of the subunit housing through communication between the outside and the inside of the subunit housing is formed.
A gas flow path is formed that communicates the outside and inside of the subunit housing to convey tritium generated in the subunit housing to the outside of the subunit housing;
Fusion reactor blanket subunit characterized by. The subunit housing has an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall,
The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cooling water flow path is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall.   9. The nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 8, wherein beryllium grains are filled along the inner wall on the inner side of the inner wall. The subunit housing has an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall,
The cooling water flow path is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall,
A plurality of the multiplier blocks are arranged inside the inner wall,
A compression spring disposed between the plurality of multiplier blocks and pressing the plurality of multiplier blocks against the inner surface of the inner wall;
A fusion reactor blanket subunit according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The subunit housing has a cylindrical shape with both ends closed and extending in the axial direction,
The plurality of multiplier blocks are arranged such that the radial or circumferential positions of the gaps extending in the axial direction between the plurality of multiplier blocks generated by the compression springs are shifted depending on the axial position. about,
The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 10. The inside of the subunit housing has a cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction,
A plurality of the compression springs are arranged in parallel,
Further comprising two contact plates that are interposed between the compression spring and the multiplier block and extend parallel to each other in the axial direction across the plurality of compression springs;
The caulking plate has a wave shape so as to be easily bent in the axial direction;
The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 10. The subunit housing has an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall,
The subunit housing has a cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction between a first end facing the fusion plasma and a second end opposite to the first end,
The cooling water flow path is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall,
A plurality of the multiplier blocks are arranged inside the inner wall,
An axial direction that is disposed at the second end of the subunit housing and biases the first multiplier block of the plurality of multiplier blocks toward the first end. A compression spring,
The first multiplier block and the second multiplier block different from the first multiplier block among the plurality of multiplier blocks are inclined with respect to the axial direction. In contact with each other at the inclined contact surface,
The axial compression spring biases the first multiplier block toward the first end so that the second multiplier block is biased toward the inner wall. That it is configured,
A fusion reactor blanket subunit according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The subunit housing has an inner wall and an outer wall surrounding the inner wall,
The subunit housing has a cylindrical shape extending in an axial direction between a first end facing the fusion plasma and a second end opposite to the first end,
The cooling water flow path is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall,
An internal thread is formed on the inner surface of the inner wall,
The said multiplication material block contains a cylindrical multiplication material block, The external thread which engages with the said internal thread of the said inner wall is formed in the said cylindrical multiplication material block. The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to any one of Items 9.   The fusion reactor blanket subunit according to claim 14, wherein a spiral gas gap that constitutes a part of the gas flow path is formed between the female screw and the male screw. A plurality of fusion reactor blanket subunits according to any one of claims 1 to 15, arranged along the inner surface of a vacuum vessel confining plasma.
A fusion reactor blanket characterized by comprising: A lithium-containing body creation step of creating a lithium-containing body containing lithium or a lithium compound by impregnating a porous beryllium body with lithium or a lithium compound;
A pellet making step of storing the lithium-containing body in a dense beryllium container and sealing it to create a lithium-beryllium pellet;
A subunit housing housing step of housing and sealing the lithium-beryllium pellet in the subunit housing after the pellet making step;
A method for manufacturing a nuclear fusion reactor blanket subunit.   The fusion reactor blanket subunit manufacturing method according to claim 17, wherein the lithium-containing body creation step includes a step of impregnating a porous beryllium body with the lithium or a lithium compound. The lithium-beryllium pellets are housed and sealed in a coarse / dense beryllium container having a density lower than that of the dense container, further comprising a multiplier block creating step for creating a multiplier block,
The said subunit housing | casing accommodation process accommodates and seals the said multiplication material block in the said subunit housing | casing after the said multiplication material block preparation process, The Claim 17 or Claim characterized by the above-mentioned. Item 19. A fusion reactor blanket subunit manufacturing method according to Item 18.

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