JP2017530561A - Resistors, especially low resistance current measurement resistors - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a U-shaped resistor (1), in particular, a low resistance current measuring resistor (1). The resistor includes a first connection portion (2) made of a conductive material having a first current contact surface for allowing current (I) to flow into the resistor (1). I) includes a second connection portion (3) made of a conductive material having a second current contact surface for flowing out, and also includes a resistance element (4) made of a resistor material. The resistance element (4) is arranged in the current direction between the first connection part (2) and the second connection part (3) so that the current (I) flows through the electrical resistor (1). The The current (I) enters or leaves the connecting part (2, 3) via the outer surface. In addition, a voltage tap is mounted inside the U-shaped resistor (1) and contacts the connection portions (2, 3) near the transition to the resistance element (4). [Selection] Figure 2A

Description

  The present invention relates to a resistor, in particular a niederohmigen current measuring resistor.

  A low resistance current measuring resistor ("shunt") is known from EP 0605800 A1 and is to be separated from a composite strip (band, tape, ribbon). Can be economically manufactured. This known current measuring resistor comprises two plate-shaped flat connection parts (components) formed of a conductive material (for example copper) and a resistance material (for example copper-manganese). And a plate-like flat resistive element formed of nickel alloy). In this arrangement, the current to be measured flows to the current measuring resistor via one connection part, and then flows out of the current measuring resistor via the other connection part, so that the current to be measured is a resistance element. To flow through. In this arrangement, the actual current measurement is performed by measuring the voltage drop across the resistive element by the known four-terminal (4-wire, four-conductor) technique (Vierleitertechnik), and the measured voltage drop is Represents (reproduces) the current flowing through the resistive element according to Ohm's law.

  In a more recent application of such a current measuring resistor in the field of drive technology (Antriebstechnik), in particular in the field of electron mobility (Elektromobilitaet), it relates to a compact and inexpensive construction or structural design for power electronics packages The requirements (requirements) are very important. Also in this case, the optimized structure and connection method currently requires a new structure shape or design for the current measuring resistor and a solution for the corresponding measurement method. However, the known current measuring resistors described above do not fully meet these requirements.

  Furthermore, plate-shaped current measuring resistors are known from European Patent Application No. 0605800 A1 and German Patent Application No. 102009031408A1, and are U-shaped on the plate plane. In this arrangement, each current contact surface and each voltage tap are arranged on the same side of the plate-like current measuring resistor, for example, on the upper part of the plate-like current measuring resistor. Therefore, this structural design of the current measuring resistor also has the above-mentioned drawbacks.

  Further, as prior art, US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0066351 A1, German Patent No. 21114466C, US Patent No. 4580095, German Patent Application Publication No. 102010037235 A1, German Utility Model Application Publication No. 20101301690. U1, and German Patent Application Publication No. 10201111902A1.

European Patent Application No. 0605800 German Published Application No. 1090301408 US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0066351 German Patent No. 21114466 US Patent No. 4580095 German Utility Model Application No. 102010037235 Specification German Patent Application Publication No. 2012011690 German Patent Application Publication No. 10201111902

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to form a suitably improved current measuring resistor.

  This object is achieved by a resistor according to the invention as defined in the main claim.

  Initially, as in the prior art, the resistor according to the invention has two connections for conducting current into and out of the resistor.

  The two connection parts have a good conductive material (for example, to prevent the voltage measurement (value) by the four-terminal method from being distorted as much as possible by the voltage drop in both connection parts (verfaelscht). Copper, copper alloy, or aluminum).

 Each of the two connecting parts has a current contact surface for conducting and conducting current in and out, and the current contact surface allows the current to flow with a corresponding low contact resistance (Uebergangswiderstand). It is possible to flow in and out of the inside and outside (flaechige). This has to be distinguished from the conventional flow of current in and out through almost point or linear current contacts.

  According to the present invention, each current contact surface for flowing current to the inside and the outside is located outside the two connection portions. This means that internal or external conduction or flow of current occurs on both sides of the resistor or on opposite sides. In this arrangement, the current direction to the two current contact surfaces is preferably unidirectional, i.e. current flows in one direction into the resistor on one current contact surface and the other in the same direction. Out of the resistor on the current contact surface.

  Furthermore, also in accordance with the prior art (in Ueberstimmung), the resistor according to the invention is provided with a resistance element, which is connected to the current between the two connections so that the current flows through the electrical resistor. Arranged in the direction. In this arrangement, the resistance element is made of a resistance material (for example, a copper-manganese-nickel alloy), and the specific electric resistance (rate) of the resistance material is the specific electric resistance (conductivity) of the conductor (conductive) material of each connection portion ( Rate).

  The invention is characterized in that at least one part of the resistor is fundamentally or substantially U-shaped in cross section. This is due to the overall resistor having a substantially U-shaped cross section with (two) legs formed of two connecting parts and one base formed of a resistive element. It is preferably achieved.

  The term U-shaped used within the scope of the present invention is a cross-section (shape) perpendicular to the plate plane in the case of plate resistors or in the case of resistors having plate-like connecting parts or plate-like resistor elements. Is preferably represented. Accordingly, the resistor according to the invention is also different from the U-shaped resistor according to, for example, European Patent Application Publication No. 0605800 and German Patent Application Publication No. 1020009031, where the resistor is U-shaped on the plate plane. .

  In this regard, it should be noted that the term U-shaped resistor used within the scope of the present invention is a resistor having a precisely U-shaped cross section, i.e., between the base and each leg. It is not limited to a resistor that is right-angled and rounded between the base and each leg and that has a U-shaped cross section. Rather, the term U-shaped as used within the scope of the present invention includes other angles between the U-shaped base and the legs. Furthermore, the term U-shape used within the scope of the present invention includes U-shapes that are not rounded between the U-shaped base and the legs. Furthermore, and as should be mentioned with respect to the U-shape used within the scope of the present invention, this term does not require (presuppose) that the entire resistor is U-shaped. Rather, the present invention seeks protection of each variation where only at least one portion of the resistor is U-shaped in cross section.

  In the conventional current measuring resistor described at the beginning according to EP 0605800, each connecting part with each current contact surface is on a common plane. However, this known arrangement of current measuring resistors is not yet optimal with respect to the possibility of optimized structure and connection method. The invention provides a configuration in which the two current contact surfaces of the two connecting portions are arranged at least partly substantially parallel to each other, in particular parallel to each other, in two contact surfaces spaced apart from each other. Is preferably realized.

  As described above, the current measuring resistor allows current measurement by a known four-terminal technique, which includes at least two voltage taps that measure the voltage drop across the resistive element. is necessary. Thus, in a single pair of voltage taps, one voltage tap contacts one connection portion as close as possible to the transition (junction) between the connection portion and the resistive element, and the other voltage tap is Similarly, it contacts other connecting parts. In the current measuring resistor according to the invention, these voltage taps are provided inside the two connecting parts.

  Furthermore, it should be noted that the current density at the two connection portions can vary spatially, since each current supply point on each contact surface of each connection portion can vary, This is because the intrinsic conductivity of the partial conductor (conductive) material is not infinite. As a result, voltage measurements using the 4-terminal technique vary depending on the spatial arrangement of each voltage tap. However, such variations associated with the spatial arrangement of each voltage tap can distort the measurement results. Therefore, in the modification of the present invention, a plurality of voltage taps are in contact with each of the two connection portions, the voltage taps are arranged adjacent to each other in the current direction, and are distributed over the width of the connection portions. Therefore, the measurement of the voltage drop across the resistive element is preferably performed by a plurality of pairs of voltage taps arranged adjacent to each other in the current direction and distributed over the width of their connecting portions. Different pairs of voltage taps can then provide different measurements of the voltage drop across the resistance element, and the correct value can be calculated from the different measurements, eg, by forming an average voltage.

  For this purpose, the voltage taps can be connected to the measurement connection via individual balanced (balanced) resistors, which can be connected by appropriately adjusted resistance values. Compensates for current density asymmetries at their connections and their resistive elements. The plurality of voltage taps are preferably arranged in a space inside the resistor.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a part of the measuring device is also arranged in the inner space of the resistor surrounded by their connecting parts, which device is installed to measure the voltage drop across the resistive element. Is done.

  This part of the measuring device is preferably a printed circuit board that can support the measuring circuit to measure the voltage drop across the resistive element.

  This measuring circuit can be, for example, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) known from European Patent Application Publication No. 1363131, for a specific customer (kundenspezifische: customer-specific, custom).

  Furthermore, the printed circuit board can also hold a photocoupler or an inductive or capacitive coupler to allow galvanically isolated communication with the surroundings (environment). As an alternative, a voltage signal representing (reproducing) the voltage drop across the resistive element can be output or delivered via a coupler.

  Within the scope of the present invention, a printed circuit board is a composite formed of both connecting parts, a resistive element and a printed circuit board, when soldered (Verloeten), sintered (Sintern) or glued (Verkleben), and In order to stabilize the resistor mechanically or mechanically, it is also possible to have a soldering support surface (Loetstuetzflaechen).

  The printed circuit board can also have a plurality of connection pads as a plurality of voltage taps that are in electrical contact with each connection portion to measure the voltage drop across the resistive element. Therefore, in this arrangement, each connection pad on the printed circuit board preferably directly forms a plurality of voltage taps for measuring the voltage drop across the resistive element.

  It should also be noted that the printed circuit board can be multi-layered, and each connection pad and each solder support surface can be disposed on each outer layer of the printed circuit board. The electrical connection with the plurality of connection pads of the printed circuit board is preferably formed by a plurality of strip lines, and the plurality of strip lines are arranged in each layer inside the printed circuit board and are formed by the through holes. Connected to connection pad. In this arrangement, multiple strip lines are placed on opposite sides of the inner layer (both sides) to minimize the input coupling of spurious radiation (stray radiation, unwanted radiation, jamming radiation). It is preferred if they extend over each other (one on top of the other) on the inner layers on both sides.

  In this arrangement, the printed circuit board is preferably connected to the resistor by a mechanical connection so that the resistor forms a composite with the printed circuit board. This connection can be, for example, a solder connection, a sintered connection, a press connection (Press fit connection, a crimp connection) or an adhesive connection with a conductive adhesive.

  Further, in the context of a printed circuit board, it should be mentioned that the printed circuit board is rigid or flexible and heat resistant to high temperatures, for example at least temperature (maximum temperature) + 150 ° C., + 200 ° C., or Resistant up to + 250 ° C (any). However, the printed circuit board can be composed of a multilayer ceramic.

  In a variant of the invention, the resistive element has a cross section perpendicular to the current direction deviating from a pure rectangular shape. For example, the resistive element can be bent or angled multiple times such that the assembled resistor with each connection portion surrounds and at least partially surrounds the interior space. In this arrangement, the resistor can have at least one leg extending in the current direction and projecting inward into the inner space. For example, three webs protrude into the internal space of the resistor. In this arrangement, it may be advantageous if at least one of the legs is in electrical contact with one of the voltage taps at its free end. However, it may be further advantageous if one or more of the plurality of voltage taps is in electrical contact with one or more of the plurality of legs at its base.

  In general, it should be mentioned that each connecting portion and the resistive element are preferably plate-shaped. This preferably means that each connecting part and the resistive element are relatively thin and the upper and lower sides extend parallel to each other, in particular parallel to the plane. In this arrangement, the resistive element and each connecting portion can be arbitrarily flat or bent.

  As for the conductor (conductive) material of each connecting part, it should be mentioned that this is preferably copper or a copper alloy.

  As to the resistive material of the resistive element, it should be mentioned that it can be, for example, a copper-manganese alloy such as a copper-manganese-nickel alloy (eg Manganin®, ie Cu86Mn12Ni2). However, as another possibility, the resistive material could be composed of a nickel-chromium alloy or other alloy.

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the resistive material of the resistive element preferably has a low resistance, but it has an inherent electrical resistance that is significantly greater than the conductor (conductive) material of each connecting portion.

For example, the resistive material of the resistive element can have an inherent electrical resistance in the range of 1 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm to 50 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm.

  The resistor as a whole can have a resistance value within the scope of the present invention, for example within the range of 0.1 μΩ to 1000 μΩ.

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the resistor according to the present invention preferably has a high continuous current supply capability (strength) of at least 100 A, 1 kA, 2 kA, 5 kA, or 10 kA.

As briefly mentioned above, the current contact surface of each connecting part allows the surface current to conduct in and out (in and out), which is associated with a correspondingly low contact (transition) resistance (Uebergangswiderstand) It is done. Accordingly, each current contact surface is preferably sufficiently wide and each occupies at least 30%, 60%, or at least 90% of the entire outer surface of the resistor. For example, the size of the current contact surface is at least 5 cm ² , 10 cm ² , 15 cm ² , 20 cm ² , 25 cm ² , or at least 30 cm ² .

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that in the arrangement of the current measuring resistor according to the invention, it is consequently preferable that the current direction in the first connection part is opposite to the current direction in the second connection part, Results in a pseudo-bifilaren (two-turn) current path with correspondingly low resistor inductance. Accordingly, the inductance of the resistor can be less than, for example, 5 nH, 2 nH, or 1 nH, respectively.

  Furthermore, regarding the characteristics of the resistor according to the invention, it should be mentioned that the resistor preferably has a low temperature coefficient of less than 100 ppm / K, 50 ppm / K or 20 ppm / K, respectively.

  In contrast, the thermal resistance or thermal resistance between the current contact surfaces of the two connecting portions is preferably less than 10K / W, 5K / W, 2K / W or 1K / W, respectively.

  The current measuring resistor according to the invention can be produced, for example, by separating it from the composite material strip and bending it. However, it is also possible and possible in some embodiments that the resistor be formed of at least three separate parts.

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that in the resistor according to the invention, each current contact surface and the two connecting parts are preferably sandwiched between each other.

  With regard to the dimensions of the resistor according to the invention, it is possible that the width perpendicular to the current direction and the length in the current direction are each 20 mm to 100 mm, and the thickness can be 3 mm to 20 mm. Wide variations are possible.

  Finally, the present invention not only seeks protection of the aforementioned resistors as individual components according to the present invention. Rather, the present invention seeks to protect the bus bar configuration (arrangement), which has two bus bars or current rails to supply and drain current, and 2 It includes a resistor according to the present invention disposed between two bus bars (bus, current rail) and in electrical contact with the two bus bars. The two bus bars contact each current contact surface of the two connecting parts of the resistor according to the invention.

  In a variation of such a bus bar configuration, the two bus bars are each L-shaped and the resistor is surrounded by the two legs of the two L-shaped bus bars.

  In contrast, in another variation of such a bus bar configuration, one of the two bus bars is L-shaped and the other bus bar is basically or substantially plate-shaped ( Plate-like) and flat. In this arrangement, the resistor according to the invention is surrounded between one flat plate bus bar and the leg of the other L-shaped bus bar.

  In contrast, in yet another variation of such a bus bar configuration, the two bus bars are plate-like and flat and enclose or include a resistor according to the invention between them. Yes.

  The connection between one of those bus bars and the other resistor can be, for example, by a soldered connection, an adhesive connection or a sintered connection.

  As an alternative, a spring clamp can be provided to be pressed from both ends together with a composite formed by a resistor and each bus bar. The spring clamp is electrically insulative on at least one side.

  Furthermore, other advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims or in detail with the description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a U-shaped bent current measuring resistor manufactured from a composite strip according to the present invention. FIG. 1B is a modification of FIG. 1A and shows a three-part current measurement resistor. FIG. 2A is a variation of the current measuring resistor of FIG. 1A having another printed circuit board and disposed between two bus bars. 2B is a top view of the printed circuit board of the current measurement resistor of FIG. 2A. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current measuring resistor according to the present invention having multiple pairs of voltage taps to compensate for spatial variations in current density. FIG. 4 is another variant of the resistance element of the current measuring resistor according to the present invention bent and angled several times perpendicular to the current direction. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a variation of the resistance element according to FIG. 4 having a plurality of inwardly projecting webs. 6A-6C are different variations of bus bar configurations having current measuring resistors according to the present invention.

  FIG. 1A shows a cross-sectional view of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the present invention for current measurement by a known four-terminal technique. The current resistor 1 is manufactured from a composite material strip (band: strip, tape, ribbon).

  The current measuring resistor 1 has a connecting portion 2 for flowing a current I, which is made of a conductive (conductive) material such as copper or a copper alloy.

  Furthermore, the current measuring resistor 1 has another connecting portion 3 made of the same or different conductive material as the connecting portion 2 in order to flow the current I from the current measuring resistor to the outside.

  The resistance element 4 is disposed in the current direction between the connection portion 2 and the connection portion 3, and the resistance element is made of a low-resistance resistance material (for example, a copper-manganese-nickel alloy).

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the conduction of the current I to the inside and outside is over a large area via the current contact surfaces 5, 6. The wide current contact surfaces 5, 6 allow a low contact (transition) resistance (Uebergangswiderstand), which contributes to high measurement accuracy and low loss.

  A special feature of the current measuring resistor 1 according to the present invention is that it is U-shaped in a cross section perpendicular to the current direction. Accordingly, the two connecting portions 2 and 3 each form a U-shaped leg, while the resistance element 4 is disposed on the U-shaped base. The current contact surfaces 5 and 6 are located on opposite sides (both sides) outside the two connection portions 2 and 3.

  As described above, the current measurement resistor 1 enables current measurement by a known four-terminal technique. For this purpose, at least two voltage taps 7 are provided, which (voltage tap 7) are as close as possible to (close to) the two connection portions 2, 3 and the transition (contact) to the resistance element 4. It is in electrical contact (in position) and is connected to a voltmeter 8 which is represented here only schematically. Therefore, the voltmeter 8 measures the voltage drop across the resistance element 4, and the measured voltage drop represents (reproduces) the current I according to Ohm's law.

  Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the currents I flow in opposite directions in the two connection parts 2, 3, thereby forming a pseudo-bifilaren with correspondingly low inductance.

  FIG. 1B shows a variation of FIG. 1A, and reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition.

  A special feature of this variant is that the current measuring resistor 1 is not manufactured from a composite strip, but consists of three parts, namely two connecting parts 2, 3 and a resistive element 4. .

  2A and 2B show a variant of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1A and 1B, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description using the same reference numerals for corresponding details.

  First, FIG. 2A shows that two bus bars (Stromschienen: busbars) 9, 10 are in electrical contact with the current measuring resistor 1, and the bus bars 9, 10 are each L-shaped. It is shown having legs 11, 12 and 13, 14 each having two right angled angles.

  In this arrangement, the current measuring resistor 1 is arranged between the two legs 12, 14, and the two legs 12, 14 are in electrical contact. In contrast, the two legs 11, 13 of the bus bars 9, 10 are located on the same plane and function to supply and drain the current I.

  Secondly, as can be seen from FIG. 2A, the printed circuit board 15 is arranged in the inner space between the two connecting portions 2, 3 as shown in the top view of FIG. 2B.

  The printed circuit board 15 has a plurality of connection pads 16 on both its upper and lower surfaces, which form voltage taps for electrical contact of the connection portions 2 and 3. In this arrangement, the plurality of connection pads 16 are all arranged adjacent to each other perpendicular to the current direction. Therefore, in this arrangement, the current measuring resistor 1 has a plurality of pairs of voltage taps, and the plurality of pairs are distributed over the width of the current measuring resistor 1 and distributed perpendicularly to the current direction (lateral direction). Placed and thus gives different voltage measurements. The reason is that since the conductivity of the conductor material of the connection portions 2 and 3 is not infinite, the current density (distribution) is not spatially constant in the connection portions 2 and 3. However, measurements with multiple pairs of voltage taps can compensate for these spatial variations in voltage measurements using measurement methods.

  Furthermore, the printed circuit board 15 has a plurality of solder support surfaces 17 for mechanically or mechanically stabilizing the entire current measuring resistor composite when soldered, sintered or bonded.

  Furthermore, it should be noted that the printed circuit board 15 supports a measurement circuit (not shown) for analyzing or evaluating each voltage measurement of each voltage tap (connection pad 16) using a measurement method. Is preferred. For example, this measuring circuit can be configured as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) as known from European Patent Application Publication No. 1363131.

  Furthermore, the printed circuit board 15 can also support a photocoupler or an inductive or capacitive coupler (not shown) to allow DC isolated communication with the surroundings. As an alternative, a voltage measurement representing (reproducing) the voltage drop across the resistive element 4 may be sent or emitted via a photocoupler.

  FIG. 3 shows a variant of the current measuring resistor according to the invention, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description using the same reference numerals for corresponding details.

  In this arrangement, the current measuring resistor 1 has a plurality or a plurality of pairs of voltage taps 7. These voltage taps 7 are distributed over the width of the current measuring resistor 1 and perpendicular to the current direction. In contact with the two connecting parts 2 and 3, respectively. Those voltage taps 7 give different voltage measurements. This is because the current density (distribution) is not exactly spatially constant at the connection portions 2 and 3. Accordingly, each voltage tap is connected to the voltage meter 8 via each balanced resistor 18. In this arrangement, each resistance value of the individual balanced resistor 18 is adapted to the spatial arrangement of each voltage tap 7 to compensate for the spatial variation in each voltage measurement.

  FIG. 4 illustrates a variation of the above-described embodiments, and reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition. In this arrangement, the figure shows a section through the resistive element 4 perpendicular to the current direction directed to the projection plane.

  The connection portions 2 and 3 are not shown in this arrangement, and extend on the front side or the back side of the projection surface. The plate-like connecting portions 2 and 3 extend in parallel to the projection surface, and therefore are electrically connected to the end surface of the resistance element 4 shown in the drawing, that is, the front side or the back side of the projection surface on both sides (both opposite sides). To touch.

  A special feature of this embodiment is that the current measuring resistor 1 is not exactly U-shaped in cross section and is therefore preferably formed of three parts.

  FIG. 5 shows another variant of the embodiment according to the invention, in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description using the same reference numerals for corresponding details.

  A special feature of this embodiment is that each web 19 projects inwardly from the resistive element 4.

  Here, each voltage tap 7 is in contact with the two connection parts 2, 3, in proximity to the resistive element 4, for example on the base of one web in the web 19. The location of each connection point can be adapted to the design and measurement requirements.

  FIGS. 6A to 6C show different variants of the bus bar structure according to the invention with the current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention in electrical contact by two bus bars 20,21.

  In the variant according to FIG. 6A, the two bus bars 20, 21 are L-shaped with two right-angled legs 22, 23 and 24, 25, respectively, angled to face each other. In this arrangement, the current measuring resistor 1 is sandwiched or enclosed between the two legs 23, 25, while the other two legs 22, 24 are in the same plane and draw the current I. Functions to supply and drain.

  Furthermore, FIG. 6A shows a spring clamp (drueckt) which presses the two legs 23, 25 of the bus bars 20, 21 onto the current contact surfaces 5, 6 of the current measuring resistor. Clip) 26 is shown. The spring clamp 26 is electrically insulated at least on one side (side surface).

  In the variant according to FIG. 6B, only the bus bar 20 is L-shaped in cross section and the other bus bar 21 is plate-shaped and flat.

  In the variant according to FIG. 6C, the two bus bars 20, 21 are plate-shaped and extend from the current measuring resistor 1 in different directions.

  The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, multiple alternatives and variations utilizing the inventive idea are possible and are therefore within the scope of protection. In particular, the invention seeks protection of the structure and features of each dependent claim, for example, regardless of the claims that cite the features of the main claim.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Resistor for current measurement 2 Connection part for carrying in and conducting current 3 Connection part for carrying out and conducting current 4 Resistance element 5 Current contact surface 6 Current contact surface 7 Voltage tap 8 Voltage meter 9 Bus bar 10 Bus Bar 11 Leg 12 of bus bar 9 Leg 13 of bus bar 9 Leg 14 of bus bar 10 Leg 14 of bus bar 10 Printed circuit board 16 Connection pad 17 Solder support surface 18 Balance resistor 19 Web 20 Bus bar 21 Bus bar 22 Leg 23 of bus bar 20 Leg 24 of bus bar 20 Leg 25 of bus bar 21 Leg 26 of bus bar 21 Spring clamp I Current

Claims (12)

A resistor (1), in particular a low resistance current measuring resistor (1),
(A) a first connecting portion (2) made of a conductor material for allowing current (I) to flow into the resistor (1);
(B) a second connecting portion (3) made of a conductor material for allowing the current (I) to flow out of the resistor (1);
(C) A resistance element (4) made of a resistance material, wherein the first connection portion (2) and the second connection portion are arranged such that a current (I) flows through the resistance element (4). A resistive element (4) arranged in the current direction during (3);
(D) a plurality of voltage taps (7, 8) that are in electrical contact with the two connection portions (2, 3) and measure a voltage drop across the resistance element (4);
Including
as a feature,
(E) the connecting portion (2, 3) has a large area current contact surface (5, 6) for inflow and outflow of current (I);
(F) at least a portion of the resistor (1) is substantially U-shaped in cross section;
(G) the voltage taps (7, 8) are attached to the inside of the connection parts (2, 3);
(H) The current contact surface (5, 6) is provided outside the contact portion (2, 3).
Resistor. (A) The U-shaped portion of the resistor (1) includes a plurality of legs formed by the two connection portions (2, 3), and a base formed by the resistance element (4). And / or (b) the two current contact surfaces of the two connection parts (2, 3) are substantially parallel to each other, in particular parallel to each other, at two contact surfaces separated from each other, Resistor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged. (A) A plurality of pairs of voltage taps (7, 16) arranged adjacent to the current direction in the two connection portions (2, 3) and distributed across the width of the connection portions (2, 3). ) Are in contact with each other, and / or (b) the voltage taps (7, 16) are connected to a signal output via a balanced resistor (18), and the balanced resistor (18) is appropriately adjusted. Resistor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it compensates for current density asymmetry in the resistive element (4) through a resistance value. (A) the two connecting portions (2, 3) surround an inner space;
(B) At least one part of the measuring device, in particular the printed circuit board (15), is arranged in the inner space, so that the measuring device measures the voltage drop across the resistance element (4). Resistor (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is mounted. (A) the printed circuit board (15) has a solder support surface (17) for mechanically stabilizing the resistor (1) and / or (b) the printed circuit board (15); Has a plurality of connection pads (16) as voltage taps (7, 16) in electrical contact with the connection portions (2, 3) to measure the voltage drop across the resistance element (4). And / or (c) the printed circuit board (15) is multi-layered, and the connection pads (16) and the solder support surface (17) are on an outer layer of the printed circuit board (15). And / or (d) the connection pads (16) of the printed circuit board (15) for the voltage taps (7, 16) on the outer layer of the printed circuit board (15), The print by the through hole Connected to a plurality of strip lines on the inner layer of the road substrate (15), and / or (e) the plurality of strip lines extend over each other on both sides of the inner layer, and / or (f) said The printed circuit board (15)
(F1) Solder connection,
(F2) sintered connection,
(F3) Press connection,
(F4) connected to the connection part (2, 3) by any one of adhesive connections with conductive adhesive and / or (g) the printed circuit board (15) is rigid or flexible And / or (h) the printed circuit board (15) is resistant to high temperatures, in particular to temperatures of at least + 150 ° C., + 200 ° C. or + 250 ° C. and / or (i) the printed circuit board (15) is made of multilayer ceramic and / or (j) the printed circuit board (15) supports a measuring circuit, in particular an ASIC, for measuring the voltage drop across the resistive element (4). And / or (k) the printed circuit board (15) supports a photocoupler for galvanically isolated output of data or analog signals. Wherein the resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 (1). (A) The resistance element (4) has a cross-sectional shape in which a cross section perpendicular to the current direction deviates from a pure rectangle, and / or (b) the resistance element (4) surrounds an inner space. Bent or angled multiple times perpendicular to the current direction so as to at least partially surround, and / or (c) the resistive element (4) extends in the current direction and into the inner space At least one leg (19) projecting inwardly and / or (d) at least one voltage tap (7) in the vicinity of one in said leg (19) said connecting part ( The resistor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is attached to each of (2, 3). (A) the connecting parts (2, 3) are each plate-shaped and / or (b) the resistive element (2) is plate-shaped and / or (c) the connecting parts (2, 3) And / or (d) the resistive element is a copper-manganese alloy, in particular a copper-manganese-nickel alloy, or a nickel-chromium alloy, and / or ( e) the resistive material of the resistive element (4) has an inherent electrical resistance (1) greater than the conductor material of the connecting portion (2, 3) and / or (f) the resistive element (4) The resistance material of
(F1) 50 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm, 20 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm, 10 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm or 5 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm, and / or (f2) 1 · 10 ⁻⁸ Ωm, 5 · 10 ^{− 8} Ωm, 1 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm, 2 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm or 4 · 10 ⁻⁷ Ωm, having a larger intrinsic electrical resistance (1), and / or (g) said resistor (1) is ,
(G1) at least 0.1 μΩ, 0.5 μΩ, 1 μΩ, 2 μΩ, 5 μΩ, 10 μΩ, 20 μΩ, and / or (g2) at most 1000 μΩ, 500 μΩ, 250 μΩ, 100 μΩ or 50 μΩ
And / or (h) the resistor (1) has a continuous current supply capability of at least 100 A, 1 kA, 2 kA, 5 kA or 10 kA and / or (i) the current The contact surfaces each have a size of at least 30%, 60% or 90% of the entire outer surface of the resistor (1) and / or (j) the current contact surface (5, 6) is Each having a size of at least 5 cm ² , 10 cm ² , 20 cm ² , 40 cm ² , 80 cm ² or 160 cm ² , and / or (k) the current direction in the first connection portion (2) is 2 and opposite the current direction in the connection part (3) and / or (1) the resistor (1) is at least 1 mm, 2 mm or 4 mm and / or at most 20 mm And / or (m) the resistor (1) has a resistance value with a temperature coefficient of less than 500 ppm / K, 200 ppm / K or 50 ppm / K, and / or Or (n) the resistor (1) has an inductance of less than 10 nH, 3 nH or 1 nH, and / or (o) the heat resistance between the current contact surfaces is 10K / W, 5K / W, 2K / P or less than 1 K / W, and / or (p) the resistive element (4) and the connecting portion (2, 3) are separated from the composite strip perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the composite strip And / or (q) the two resistance elements (4) are formed in a plate shape, sandwiched between each other, and soldered, welded, bonded or sintered together. And / or (r) the current contact surfaces (5, 6) are aligned with opposite contact surfaces and / or (s) the resistor (1) is 20 mm, 30 mm Or 40 mm, greater and / or has a current direction length of less than 100 mm, 80 mm or 70 mm, and / or (t) the resistor (1) is greater than 20 mm, 30 mm or 40 mm, and And / or having a width perpendicular to the current direction of less than 200 mm, 150 mm or 70 mm, and / or (u) the resistor (1) is 2 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm or 9 mm, greater and / or 50 mm, 7. The resistor according to claim 1, wherein the resistor has a thickness perpendicular to the current direction of less than 25 mm or 15 mm. Vessel (1). (A) a first bus bar (9, 21) for supplying current (I);
(B) a second bus bar (10, 20) for draining current (I);
(C) an electrical resistor (1) arranged in the current direction between the first and second bus bars (9, 10; 20, 21) so that a current (I) flows therethrough;
Have
as a feature,
(D) The electrical resistor (1) has the configuration of the resistor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Bus bar configuration. (A) the two bus bars each have two bus bars (22, 23, 24, 25) which are angled with respect to each other, in particular L-shaped;
(B) the first pair of legs (22, 24) of the two bus bars (20, 21) are in a common plane;
(C) the second pair of legs (23, 25) of the two bus bars (20, 21) are on parallel planes separated from each other;
(D) The second pair of legs (23, 25) surrounds the electrical resistor (1) on the inside and is in electrical contact with the electrical resistor. Bus bar configuration as described in. (A) one of the two bus bars (20, 21) has two legs (22, 23) angled with each other, in particular L-shaped;
(B) The other of the two bus bars (20, 21) is plate-like and flat,
(C) one leg (23) of the angled bus bar (20) is arranged parallel to the plate-like bus bar (21), in particular parallel to the plane,
(D) The leg portion (23) of the plate-like bus bar (21) and the angled bus bar (20) parallel to the plate-like bus bar are arranged on the inside thereof with the electric 9. Bus bar arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that it encloses a resistor (1) and is in electrical contact with the electrical resistor. (A) each of the two bus bars (20, 21) is plate-like and flat at least in a region in contact with the resistor (1);
(B) The two bus bars (20, 21) are arranged in parallel to each other, in particular in plane parallel, at least in the region in contact with the resistor (1) (c) the 2 Two bus bars (20, 21) enclose the resistor (1) inside and in electrical contact with the resistor (1) in a region in contact with the resistor (1);
(D) The two bus bars (20, 21) are separated from the resistor (1) in opposite directions so that the current direction in the two bus bars (20, 21) is the same. ,
(E) The two bus bars (20, 21) are separated from the resistor (1) in the same direction so that the current direction in the two bus bars (20, 21) is opposite. 9. A bus bar arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that (A) a spring clamp that is electrically insulated on at least one side and presses the two bus bars from both sides, and / or (b) the two bus bars (20, 21); A soldered connection between the resistors (1) and / or (c) an adhesive connection between the two bus bars and the resistor (1) and / or (d) the two buses Bus bar arrangement according to any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a sintered connection between a bar (20, 21) and the resistor (1).

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