JP2017514046A - Panels and panel structures for ventilation and reactive dissipative silencing - Google Patents

Abstract

Passive ventilation panels and systems, especially for use in doors, ceilings, walls and partitions, do not require additional ventilation equipment such as ducts, and also provide wall openings for supply air and exhaust in that space. Allows exchange of supply air or return air for at least one room or one room without having to install a section or grill. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to the field of ventilation panels for use in doors, walls, ceilings and partitions.

  The main function of the inner walls, partitions and doors is to divide the building space into separate private spaces. During construction, over the past 5 to 10 years, there has been an increasing demand for and efficiency in the development of sound-insulated enclosed spaces. With respect to the wall, when further insulation and / or sound insulation is required, a barrier medium such as glass fiber, rock wool or mineral wool generally fills the interior space between the vertical stud and the gypsum board panel. Placed in. By widening the walls and staggering the studs so that the studs do not span the full width of the wall, sound propagation through the walls can be reduced.

  It is even more important for such space occupants to plan aspects related to health and comfort where acoustic propagation and reduced thermal / AC efficiency are important. A good sky is particularly essential and this can only be achieved if the “used” air is regularly replaced with fresh or fresh air. If the space is essentially “airtight”, this air exchange will not be adequate without such “active” ventilation methods.

  Passive ventilation allows the room to be ventilated while windows and doors are closed. This reduces condensation and enables healthy air exchange. Passive ventilation relates to ducts that can be achieved either by installing a transfer duct in the ceiling or wall between the two chain spaces and / or by installing a grill in or around the doorway. Must be custom sized and installed on site during construction or during major renovations. The grill is considered aesthetically unpleasant. An example of a repair grill for installation on a standard door is Tamarack technologies Inc. It is made by. The disadvantage of all such doors is the lack of sound privacy. The grill simply provides a flow path for air to pass from one space (eg, corridor) to the other (eg, office). For these grills, neither privacy nor soundproofing is considered.

  There remains a need for passive conversion systems that can attenuate sound and adequately address these and other challenges.

  The object of the present invention is to obviate or mitigate the above disadvantages.

  It is an object of the present invention to require at least one room without the need for additional ventilation equipment such as ducts, and without the need to install wall openings or grills for supply air and exhaust therebetween. Or to provide passive ventilation panels and systems for use in special doors, ceilings, walls and partitions that allow the exchange of supply or return air for a room.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a passive ventilation panel and system having the above characteristics that can efficiently attenuate noise in a relatively wide range of frequencies.

  The object of the present invention is to: i) a staggered non-linear configuration of the vertical air inlet and outlet, forming a Z-shaped flow path of air flow, ii) a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles, and iii) It is to provide a passive ventilation panel and system that allows air exchange between at least two spaces / rooms by a combination of resonators around the baffle.

The present invention provides a panel and / or system for ventilation and reactive dissipative silencing,
a) front, rear, top, bottom, right and left sides defining a hollow center between them; b) at least at the front of the panel for passive air passage to the hollow center A vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear of the panel for passive air passage to the hollow center, The front and rear grooves are non-linear and are arranged in a staggered manner to form a Z-shaped air flow path in the hollow center; and
c) a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles within the hollow center;
d) a plurality of at least partial resonators around the hollow center.

  The present invention further provides a panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing. The flannel structure includes a frame disposed between a front surface and a rear surface, the frame includes at least two horizontal frames and two vertical frames and a slotted bar, and the frame receives air through the cavity. At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) in the front and at least one vertical ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear for passive air passage to the cavity ) Between the front and rear surfaces to form a cavity partially defining a Z-shaped airflow passage, the front and rear grooves are non-linear and arranged in a staggered manner, On the right and left sides of the cavity, there are multiple resonators through multiple slots in the crosspiece, which are crimped between the front and rear surfaces, and a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles are arranged Yes.

  The present invention further provides a co for use in a panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing, wherein the core is i) a cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs, Partially defines a Z-shaped air flow path from the inlet to the outlet for passive air passage through the cavity, and ii) a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles and iii) during assembly And at least two longitudinal (from down) slots in which the insert is slidable.

  The present invention further provides a panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing, wherein the pal structure comprises a core, at least two inserts and two skins, the core comprising i) multiple structures A cavity supported by ribs, the cavity partially defining a Z-shaped airflow passage from the inlet to the outlet for passive air passage through the cavity, and ii) a plurality of horizontal directions And iii) at least two longitudinal (top to bottom) slots in which the inserter is slidable during assembly, each insert being inserted into a slot in the core When done, it includes a plurality of resonator necks that are engageable with the resonator body present in the core, and the skin fits on opposite sides of the panel.

  The invention further includes a door comprising at least one panel and / or panel structure as described above.

  The invention further includes a wall comprising at least one of the above-described panels and / or panel structures.

  The present invention further includes a partition comprising at least one of the above-described panels and / or panel structures.

  The invention further includes a window comprising at least one panel and / or panel structure as described above.

The invention further includes a panel system, the system comprising:
a) at least one panel, wherein the panel passively passes air to the front, rear, top, bottom, right and left sides defining a hollow center therebetween and to the hollow center; At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) at the front of the panel and at least one droop at the rear of the panel for passive air passage to the hollow center A front groove and a rear groove, wherein the front groove and the rear groove are non-linear and arranged in a staggered manner to form a Z-shaped air flow path in the hollow center, At least one panel comprising a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles within the hollow center and a plurality of resonant necks around the hollow center;
b) a horizontal frame;
c) at least two vertical frames comprising resonator cavities, wherein the vertical frame and catty define at least two grooves into which the resonator neck is engaged, for securing the panel and the vertical frame together A vertical frame.

  A method that allows ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing between two spaces, as described above (all or part of a door, wall, ceiling, partition or window between the two spaces) Placing the panel and / or the panel structure.

  Without limiting the overall scope of this application, the panels, systems, and methods of the present invention are suitable for use on residential, commercial and industrial doors, walls, partitions, ceilings and floors. .

  Some advantages of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the panel provides ventilation to the enclosed space without installing vents, while significantly reducing the amount of voice propagation compared to “open” ventilation. Including being able to The panel according to the present invention is formed in a door that can be easily used to replace an existing door to provide a simple and inexpensive means of providing pub ventilation / air flow without compromising sound insulation. It can be used in various aspects including.

  These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, together with the drawings and examples.

  The following drawings describe embodiments, where like reference numbers indicate like parts. In all of the accompanying drawings, embodiments are shown by way of example and not limitation.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a resonator cavity. FIG. 4 is a view of both the Z-shaped air flow path and the opening, neck and cavities of the soundproof resonator. FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a “horizontal frame and vertical frame” door having two central panels. FIG. 6 is a front view of a “horizontal frame and vertical frame” door having two central panels. It is sectional drawing by BB of FIG. It is sectional drawing by AA of FIG. It is a front view of a single panel door. It is a front view of a frame or a rib. It is sectional drawing by BB of FIG. It is sectional drawing by AA of FIG. It is a disassembled front view of the part A of FIG. It is a perspective view of a frame or a rib. It is a front view of a frame or a rib. It is sectional drawing by CC of FIG. FIG. 14b is an exploded view of portion E of FIG. 14a. It is a disassembled front view of the part B of FIG. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a single panel door showing the front surface (or face), the rear surface (or face) and the intervening frame or bush. FIG. 3 is a photorealistic view of a panel having a baffle. FIG. 3 is a photorealistic view of a panel having a baffle. FIG. 3 is a photorealistic view of a panel having a baffle. FIG. 3 is a photorealistic view of a panel having a baffle. It is a front view of a core. It is sectional drawing by AA of FIG. It is sectional drawing by BB of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the part enclosed in FIG. It is a perspective view of an insert. It is a left view of an insert. It is an end view of an insert. It is a right view of an insert. FIG. 6 is a front view of a panel assembly (including a core, an insert, and a skin). It is sectional drawing by CC of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the part enclosed in FIG. FIG. 30 is a top view of the panel of FIG. 29. It is an expanded sectional view of the part enclosed in FIG.

  A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the invention is provided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate the principles of the invention. This detailed description illustrates the invention by way of example and not limitation. This written description clearly illustrates several implementations of the present invention, including what is presently considered to be the best mode for carrying out the invention, enabling one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. Modes, adaptations, variations and alternatives and uses are described. It should be clearly understood that certain variations and adaptations can be made to the present invention, and such variations and adaptations are fairly within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

  In other words, the invention will be described in connection with such embodiments, but the invention is not limited to such embodiments. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims and the invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. These details are given for the purpose of illustration and the invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the art related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the invention is not unnecessarily obscured. Like reference symbols indicate like elements throughout the various views shown in the drawings.

  The description of the preferred embodiment should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a part of the entire specification of the present invention. Corresponding reference characters are used herein to identify the same or functionally similar elements throughout. “Right”, “left”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, “up”, “(down)”, “top” and “bottom” Relative words such as (bottom) and their derivatives (eg, “horizontally”), “downwardly”, “upwardly”, etc.) are then explained. It should be construed as referring to orientation as it is or as shown in the drawings being discussed. These relative terms are for convenience of explanation and are not intended to require a particular orientation unless specifically stated as such. Terms including “inwardly” vs. “outwardly”, “longitudinal” vs. “lateral”, “adjacent”, etc. are Should be interpreted relative to each other or to the extension axis or to the axis or center of rotation. Terms related to attachment, coupling, etc., such as “connected” and “interconnected”, unless explicitly stated otherwise, are structures directly or In this specification referring to a relationship that is fixed or glued to each other either indirectly through an intervening structure, and both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, Generally refers to the relationship between the platform and adjacent blocks. The term “operably connected” is an attachment, coupling or connection that allows the relevant structures to operate as intended by the relationship. In particular, the terms “right” and “left” are used in the claims, but they can be easily replaced with each other. In fact, if the panel is rotated 180 degrees in either direction, it becomes right-left and left becomes right.

  In this disclosure and in the claims (if any), the word “comprising” and its derivatives including “comprises” (“comprises” and “compris”) Including, but not excluding, one or more additional integers.

  “An aspect”, “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “their embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiment” “The embodiments”, “one or more emblems”, “some embodiments”, “ertain emblems”, “one embodiment”, “one emblems”, “one or more emblems”, “some embodiments”, “one embodiment” “One emblem”, “another embodiment”, etc., unless otherwise explicitly stated, one or more (but not all) of the disclosed invention (s) ) Real Meaning embodiment.

  The term “variation” of an invention means an embodiment of the invention, unless expressly specified otherwise. Where "another embodiment" or "another aspect" is referred to in the description of an embodiment, this means that the embodiment being referred to is another embodiment (unless expressly specified otherwise). For example, it is not intended to be mutually exclusive with the embodiments described before the referenced embodiment.

  The terms “one” (“a”, “an”) and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

  The term “plurality” means “two or more” unless expressly specified otherwise.

  The term “peripheral” means or relates to a region on one side of the region being examined / discussed / considered.

  The term “herein” is not explicitly specified otherwise, or means “in this application, including anything that may be incorporated by reference”.

  The term “whereby” is used herein only to precede a section or other group that represents only the intended result, purpose, or consequence of something previously expressly stated. Used for. Thus, when the term “accordingly” is used in a claim, the clause or term that the term “by” modifies does not establish any particular limitation of the claim, Alternatively, the meaning or scope of the patent claim is not limited in other manners.

  The term “for example” (eg) and similar terms means “for example” and thus does not limit the term or phrase it explains. For example, in the sentence “Cars are colored (for example, red, blue or green), the term“ speak ”is an example where“ red, blue or green ”is“ color ”. However, the colors listed are only examples of “colors” and other colors are equally applicable.

  The term “respective” and like terms mean “taken individually”. Thus, when two or more things have “respective” characteristics, each such object has its own characteristics, and these characteristics are not necessarily so, but differ from each other. Can do. For example, “each of two machines has a respective capability” means that such a first machine has a certain function and such a second machine has a function. The function of the first machine may or may not be the same as the function of the second machine.

  The term “i.e.” and like terms mean “that is, in other words, thus limiting the term or phrase it explains.

  The present invention includes: i) a vertical air inlet and outlet air vent tagard nonlinear configuration that forms a Z-shaped flow path of air flow; ii) a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles; and iii) A combination of a plurality of resonators in the periphery provides a passive exchange panel, panel structure and system that enables reactive and dissipative noise reduction and air exchange between at least two spaces / rooms. Each element is described in further detail below.

Staggered non-linear configuration of vertical air inlet and outlet vents that form a Z-shaped flow path of air flow Within the scope of the present invention, in front of a panel or surface for passive air passage to a hollow center At least one vertically ventilated groove (front groove) in the part and at least one vertically ventilated groove (rear part) in the rear of the panel or surface for passive air passage to the hollow center Grooves) are provided, and the front and rear grooves are non-linear and are arranged in a staggered fashion to form a Z-shaped air channel in the hollow center. Preferably, the ventilation groove is close to one side or front of the panel.

  Due to this orientation, light does not pass through the flow path. In addition, a vertical groove opening to the hollow center separates the front and rear vibrations, so that sound energy is dissipated.

  It is important to understand that when a sound wave strikes a surface, some of its energy is usually reflected while some is propagated through the surface. The general goal of reducing sound propagation through a structure is to isolate the sound source from the structure before energy is transferred to the structure and the structure can be vibrated. A way to reduce sound propagation through multi-component structures is to add mass and separate or isolate individual components so that vibration cannot be transmitted from one component to the next. It is to be. Separation can be done in a number of ways and according to the present invention is accomplished as follows.

Multiple horizontally distributed staggered baffles (sound dissipation / absorption)
Absorbing or dissipating silencers use sound absorbing material to attenuate sound waves. Dissipative salens are widely used, for example, in HVAC duct systems. A typical diffuse silencer is configured in a parallel baffle arrangement.

  In the present invention, a plurality of horizontally distributed / staggered baffles dissipate and absorb sound within the panel or panel structure. In this way, the sound-absorbing material in the cavity is shaped and arranged to minimize the line of sight (similar to the double wedge wing and arranged in a staggered manner), so that air still flows Sound is more likely to enter the material and be absorbed while allowing a large opening area. The baffle shape may be lengthened to attenuate a wider frequency range that extends to a lower range for audio traveling normal to the duct orientation, if desired. The baffle length can be adjusted based on the size of the door, divider, wall or window as desired.

  The thickness of the baffle can be selected with reference to the main frequency of noise to be addressed (see Table 1). Incident audio energy is partially converted to heat by drawing motion into the fiber as it passes through the material.

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Typical dynamic insertion loss (DIL) due to the absorption silencer is shown in Table 1 below.

(1 inch) = (25.4 mm)

  The baffle shall be of sufficient “depth” so that the air travels in the baffle-centered channel (air channel) rather than “up” or “down” the baffle on site. It is important to understand. This refers to panels (eg, horizontal and vertical frames or “dutch shaker” style panels) in the field, or panel structures (eg, face-frame-face or single panel structures). It applies regardless of whether or not. Both of these are further described below.

  In this type of absorption silencer, the acoustic energy is converted to heat by a sound absorption process that takes place in the interconnected small air passages of the baffle fibrous or open cell foam plastic material. They are used to provide noise attenuation over a wide range of frequencies. Due to the frequency characteristics of the absorbing materials they utilize, this type of silencer is much more efficient at moderate and high frequencies than at low frequencies.

  Another very important factor that must be considered is the additional resistance to airflow that the baffle provides, which can be measured as a pressure drop across the baffle. By reducing the airway width too much, this resistance obviously increases to an unacceptable limit.

  Too much air flow will affect another important baffle parameter, the noise generated by the air flow through the baffle. By forcing air through a narrow airway, the flow velocity is clearly increased and therefore the amount of this naturally occurring noise is increased.

  Thus, there is a necessary balance between the requirements for good high frequency speech attenuation (ie, narrow airways) and minimal flow resistance and silencer spontaneous noise (requires wide airways). Another factor that can affect naturally occurring noise is the change in cross-section that occurs in and at the end of the baffle. It is also important that the sound-absorbing lining is kept as smooth as possible. According to the present invention, the baffle size and design allows the necessary balance between good high frequency sound attenuation requirements (ie, narrow airways) and minimal flow resistance and silencer spontaneous noise resistance, so Air flow is limited only within acceptable limits. Given these examples of baffle sizes, orientations and designs provided herein, including those in the drawings, one skilled in the art will be given sufficient information to reproduce the present invention.

  A preferred sound absorbing material for the baffle is fibrous, lightweight and porous and retains the cellular structure of the interconnected space. Within these interconnected open cells, acoustic energy is converted to thermal energy. Accordingly, a preferred sound absorbing material for the baffle is a dissipative structure that acts as a transducer for converting acoustic energy into thermal energy. The actual loss mechanism in energy transfer is viscous flow loss caused by wave propagation in the material and internal friction loss caused by the movement of the material's fibers. The absorption characteristics of the material depend on its thickness, density, porosity, flow resistance, fiber direction and the like.

  Common porous absorbent materials are made from plant fibers, mineral fibers or ceramic fibers (the latter for high temperature applications) and elastic foams and are offered in various forms. The material may be a prefabricated unit such as a glass blanket, fiberboard, or layin tile or foam or open cell plastic.

  Preferably, the baffle according to the present invention is selected from the group consisting of foam, butyl rubber and the material i) absorbs sound waves and ii) any other suitably sound absorbing material if it reduces the noise level. A fibrous acoustic medium.

  In general, the longer the baffle length, the greater the amount of absorbed acoustic energy. However, as mentioned above, it should be understood that two other parameters, namely the thickness of each baffle and the size of the air gap between the baffles, control sound absorption.

  In a preferred embodiment, the panel of the present invention is a plurality of spaced apart, generally parallel, extending horizontally across the hollow center between the front and back of the panel or in a frame between the front and back. The sound reduction baffle is further provided. In any case, the sound reduction baffles are offset and define a plurality of through air passages. Preferably, each of the sound reduction baffles is a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape having a first pair and a second pair of opposing faces. However, the sound reduction baffle may also have other configurations and may include rounded corners or sharp rectangles to reflect air between adjacent sound reduction baffles. In one embodiment, each panel (or space between frames in a single panel structure) comprises four baffles. In another embodiment, each panel (or space between frames in a single panel structure) comprises six baffles. In another embodiment, each panel (or space between frames in a single panel structure) comprises eight baffles. Preferably, the baffle is shaped similar to a double wedge wing. Preferably, in addition to baffles arranged in a hollow center and arranged in a staggered fashion relative to each other (staggered arrangement as shown in the drawing as a whole), the cavities are “backed” on two or more surfaces. An additional baffle that “tenses” is placed in the hollow center. These wall-lined baffles are best shown in FIGS.

  Preferably, the baffle is composed of at least one of a soundproof tile, glass fiber and soundproof foam.

  The baffle shall be of sufficient “depth” so that the air travels in the baffle-centered channel (air channel) rather than “up” or “down” the baffle on site. It is important to understand. In the embodiment

Multiple resonators around the baffle (absorbing or dissipating silencers)
The main function of the reaction silencer is to reflect sound waves back to the sound source. Energy is dissipated in the extended flow path resulting from internal reflection and by absorption in the sound source. The operating principle of the reaction silencer is a combination of a λ / 4 resonator acting as an acoustic filter and a Helmholtz resonator. The reaction silencer has a tuned cavity or membrane and is designed to attenuate low frequency noise.

  The response silencer works by causing impedance mismatch in the sound wave, causing reflections back towards the sound source, and “tuning out” certain frequencies using destructive interference. The resulting attenuation depends on the dimensions of the silencer tube and chamber. Reaction silencers can be very effective in reducing the amplitude of fixed frequency pure tones, especially when these pure tones are at low frequencies where absorption type silencers are inefficient. However, there may also be frequencies that allow these silencers to transmit sound with very little attenuation.

  Preferably, the resonant cavity that enables reactive mute to the panel is based on the Helmholtz resonator principle. Therefore, in the second aspect of panel sound attenuation according to the present invention, it is preferable to incorporate a Helmholtz resonator around the inside of the hollow center. These are sound absorbing arrangements that act as mass-spring-damper systems. As shown in FIG. 2, the cavity is surrounded on the side of the door 18 with a narrow neck opening 20 for the flow passage 22. The sound compresses and expands the air in the cavity 24, which acts as a spring that forces the neck 26 to enter and exit the mass of air. Figure 2 shows one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) at the front of the panel for passive air passage to the hollow center and passive air passage to the hollow center The first part of the Z-shaped air flow channel in the hollow center, formed by at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear of the panel, also partially from above It shows as a sectional view of the door. In other words, the front and rear grooves are non-linear and are arranged in a staggered fashion to form a Z shape.

The air flow passage 22 has a neck 12 (having a length L), an opening 14 (having an area S), and a cavity 16 (having a volume V) that are attenuated by air viscous forces and skin friction at the neck. 1 for a simple schematic depiction of a Helmholtz resonator, generally at 10. Referring to the sign and speed of sound c in FIG.2, the fundamental frequency absorbed by the Helmholtz resonator is given by Described.

  In addition, referring to FIG. 1, the absorbent material in the neck 12 and / or cavity 16 changes the amount of attenuation, the fundamental frequency, and the Q of the absorbed frequency. Preferably, the panel of the present invention comprises a plurality of at least partial resonators formed around or part of the hollow center. In one aspect, the at least partial resonator is generally formed by engaging the panel with a longitudinal frame, which includes the remaining portion of the resonator (in other words, the entire resonator is The panel of the present invention comprises a resonator neck around the hollow center, the neck being operated by the panel and the vertical frame. When engagable, it can be engaged with a cavity of the resonator located in the longitudinal frame.

  In one embodiment, a series of resonators formed by engaging panels (having a resonator neck) and longitudinal frames (having a resonant cavity), the dimensions of which may be similar or different. In order to attenuate noise within a certain frequency range, it is tuned to one or more frequencies that make up the noise source in the flow path, or else to frequencies that are sufficiently close to each other. The frequency adjustment can be performed by affecting the dimensions (length, width, height) of the cavity and neck and / or their shape to constitute a Helmholtz resonator.

  The scope of the present invention includes i) a staggered non-linear configuration of vertical air inlet and outlet vents that forms a Z-shaped flow path of air flow, ii) a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles, and iii) There are several panel systems that allow air exchange between at least two spaces / rooms by a combination of resonators around the baffle. Three categories of systems (frame, panel and panel structure) are described.

A. Horizontal and Vertical Frames In one aspect of the invention, frame and panel configurations are utilized. Frame and panel configurations, also called horizontal and vertical frames, are woodworking techniques that are often used to create doors, siding, and other decorative features for cabinets, furniture, and houses (" “Often referred to as a“ shaker style panel ”), as long as the present invention applies to a door, the described“ panel ”is simply a base panel in the manufacture of conventional doors, walls, partitions and windows. Can be replaced. The basic idea is to create a solid slab cabinet door or front plate, where the door is composed of several solid pieces extending vertically or horizontally, with the ends of the fiber texture exposed. In contrast to the techniques used in, the "floating" panel is captured in a sturdy frame. Typically, the panel is not glued to the frame and is "floated" within the frame so that the frame is not distorted by seasonal variations in the wood containing the panel. In any configuration, there can be one or more panels.

  As best shown in FIG. 3, the frame and panel configuration, in its most basic configuration, is comprised of five members, namely panels 28 and 30, and the four members that make up the frame. The vertical members of the frame are called vertical frames (34 and 35), while the horizontal members are known as horizontal frames (36, 38 and 40). The basic frame and panel article is composed of a top horizontal frame, a bottom horizontal frame, two vertical frames, and one or more panels. This is a common way of constructing cabinet doors, which are often referred to as 5 piece doors (with one panel).

  In larger structures (doors, walls, dividers, windows, etc.) it is common to have more than two or three panels (divided into a plurality of compartments by a horizontal frame). To accommodate additional panels, split parts known as intermediate horizontal frames and intermediate vertical frames or bars are added to the frame.

  The panel is either captured in a groove created in the inner edge of the frame member, or is housed in an edge stapling joint created in the rear inner edge. The panel is made slightly smaller than the space available in the frame to provide room for movement. Wood expands and contracts over the grain, and a wide panel made of solid wood can change width by half an inch and warp the door frame. By allowing the wood panel to float, the wood panel can be expanded and contracted without damaging the door. A typical panel is cut in the frame so that there is a quarter inch (5 mm) room between itself and the bottom of the groove. It is common to place some kind of elastic material in the groove between the edge of the panel and the frame prior to assembly. These articles are centered around the panels in the frame and absorb seasonal variations. A common article for this purpose is a rubber ball known as spaceball (TM). Some cabinet manufacturers also use cork pieces to allow movement. Panels are usually either flat or raised.

  The flat panel has its visible surface flush with the front of the groove in the frame. As a result, the panel has a fitted appearance. This type of panel is typically made from an artificial material such as MDF or plywood, but may also be made from a veneer or a slab. Panels made from MDF are painted to hide their appearance, while hardwood-plywood plywood panels are dyed and finished to match the solid wood horizontal and vertical frames.

  A raised panel has a profile that is interrupted towards its edge so that the panel surface is flush with or protrudes from the frame. Some common profiles are flower arches, chamfers, and indentations or convex shapes. Panels may be raised by several methods, and the two most common methods in modern furniture manufacturing are by convexing on a table saw or in a woodworking router or chamfer Use of panel raising cutter.

  In FIG. 3, the vertical frames (34 and 35) are attached to the horizontal frames (36, 38 and 40) by inserting a convex portion (42 on each horizontal frame) into the groove 44 in each vertical frame. A neck 46 (ie, a partial resonator) extends from each side of the panels 28 and 30. A cavity 48 for completing the resonator is disposed in the groove 44 on the longitudinal frames 32 and 34. On each panel, it is important to note that the neck 46 extends laterally while extending from the top surface at the front of the panel and from the rear surface at the rear of the panel. Thus, the neck opening is a ventilation groove, i.e. one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) in the front of the panel for the passive passage of air to the hollow center, and At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) at the rear of the panel for passive air passage to the hollow center, where the front and rear grooves are offset (facing each panel Due to the orientation of the side and the end of such side), the front groove and the rear groove (when viewed in cross section from the top of the structure) in the direction of air flow through the Z-shaped air flow path Always exposed. In FIG. 3, the front groove on the panel 28 is shown as 50. The corresponding rear groove on that same panel (28) is not visible in this drawing.

  FIG. 4 shows a panel structure (eg, a door) generally at 52 comprising longitudinal frames 54 and 56, lateral frames 58, 60 and 62 and two panels 64 and 66. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. This “upper” cross-sectional view clearly shows 1) the deviation between the front ventilation groove 68 and the rear ventilation groove 70, and the passive air flow path forms a Z-shape. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. This “side” cross-sectional view clearly shows the hollow chamber 72 formed in the panel 64 and the hollow flow path 74 formed in the panel 66.

  In this embodiment, a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles 110 are included in the panels (eg, 28 and 30). These are best shown in FIGS. 17-20, further described below. Preferably, in addition to the baffles 100 arranged in a hollow center and arranged in a staggered manner relative to each other (displaced arrangement as shown generally in FIGS. 9 and 17-20), two or more An additional backing baffle 108 “lining” the cavity at its end or hard side is placed in the hollow center. In this case, further sound absorption is obtained. In general, it is desirable that absorption occurs, i.e. does not reflect, when sound strikes a surface. Such absorbent effects are enhanced when the absorbent baffle is lined on a hard surface, such as at the side or edge of the panel or frame, as at 108.

B. Face-frame-face (single panel face / frame)
In another aspect of the invention, a crimp assembly method is utilized when creating the door. In this embodiment, an inner frame or rib is placed between the two veneers, surfaces or skins, and this configuration, when so formed, allows for reactive and dissipative silencing and ventilation therethrough. To do. The inner frame or rib comprises a plurality of horizontal frames, vertical frames and slotted bars and when crimped between two veneers the surface or skin forms a “hollow panel” similar to the hollow panel described above To do. In this method, the left and right air passages and hollow spaces open to the air passage cavities passing through the slots in the crosspiece are formed around the hollow space (s) that become the sound-absorbing resonator. The air passage cavity comprises a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles shaped like a double wedge wing that are closely crimped between two surfaces. Preferably, the resonator cavity is filled in whole or in part with, for example, a foam sound absorbing material.

  At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) in front of the first surface for passive air passage to the hollow center, and passive air passage to the hollow cavity At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear of the first surface for providing the front groove and the rear groove is non-linear and arranged in a staggered manner within the hollow cavity A Z-shaped air flow path is formed in As such, the vertical slot of each airflow passage cavity is threaded through one surface and again across the surface to form a z-shaped airflow passage (when viewed from above).

  The drawings described herein show the surface / face and the inner frame. The outer edge of each of the slots (passed through the surface / face) is aligned with the inner edge of the slotted bar (this is also evident in dimensional measurements). These slots are on opposite sides and are inlets and outlets for air to flow through a cavity created in the center.

  FIG. 7 shows the door generally at 76 with a front surface (or face) 78 and a front ventilation groove 80. FIG. 8 shows a single panel frame (or rib) generally at 84 comprising transverse frames 84 and 86, longitudinal frames 88 and 90, slotted bars 92, horizontal staggered baffles 94, and backing baffles 96. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 8, showing the slotted bar 92 (forming the resonator cavity 98, see FIG. 11) along with the cross sections of the horizontal frames 84 and 86. FIG. 10 shows detail C of FIG. 9 and specifically illustrates how the slotted bar 92 “creates” the resonator cavity. FIG. 11 shows the enlarged (1: 5) detail A of FIG. 8 showing the space between the slotted bar 92, the horizontal frame 84 and the vertical frame 88, in which the foam 100 is vertically aligned with the slotted bar 92. A resonator cavity 98 between the frame 88 is filled.

  FIG. 12 also shows a frame or rib, generally at 91, comprising horizontal frames 84 and 86, vertical frames 88 and 90, slotted bars 92 and a central horizontal frame 89. For better understanding, reference numbers 85 and 87 indicate “open” space. FIG. 13 shows a frame 91 with preferred door dimensions and cross-sectional line CC instructions. FIG. 14a is a cross-sectional view of the above C-C across the cavity showing the lateral frame 84, the slotted bar 92, the central lateral frame 89 and the lateral frame 86. FIG. FIG. 14b is a further drill down to an enlarged view (1: 5) over E (shown in FIG. 14a) so that the bars forming the resonator cavity can be seen. FIG. 15 shows B (1: 5) so that the slotted bar 92, the space between the horizontal frame 84 and the vertical frame 88, and the resonator cavity 98 between the slotted bar 92 and the vertical frame 88 can be seen. It is further drilled down to an enlarged view (shown in FIG. 13).

  FIG. 16 shows a single panel structure for ventilation and reactive dissipative silencing, which includes a frame (generally at 82) disposed between the front surface 120 and the rear surface 122. Comprises at least two horizontal frames (84 and 86) and two vertical frames (88 and 90) and a slotted bar 92, the frame being on the front face 80 for the passive passage of air into the cavity From at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) and at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear surface 124 for passively passing air into the cavity; Is disposed between the front surface 120 and the rear surface 122 to form a cavity that partially defines a Z-shaped airflow passage, the front and rear grooves are non-linear, arranged in a staggered manner, Right side of And on the left side, through a plurality of slots 126 in the crosspiece, a plurality of resonators (neck 128 and cavity 130) are present and crimped between the front and rear surfaces to provide a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles. (FIGS. 17 to 20) are arranged.

  FIGS. 17-20 show the arrangement of panels and / or baffles within the frame (horizontal and backing) formed by horizontal frames 102 and 104, vertical frames 103 and 105, and central horizontal frame 106. FIG. A plurality of horizontal baffles 110 are staggered in the upper and lower halves of the panel and / or frame. The backing baffle 108 abuts the top and bottom of the panel and / or frame. As best shown in FIG. 19, the generally horizontal baffle 110 includes a sharp end 111. FIG. 19 also shows a resonator 91 partially formed by the vertical frame 103 (on the left side). It should be understood that on the opposite side (not shown) of the panel is the opposite side resonator.

C. Cartridge (Insert) and Core In another aspect of the invention, a core and insert configuration is utilized. This aspect provides a panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing, comprising a core, at least two inserts and two skins, the core comprising i) a plurality of structural ribs A cavity supported by the cavity, wherein the cavity partially defines a Z-shaped airflow passage from the inlet to the outlet for passive air passage through the cavity, and ii) a plurality of horizontal A directional staggered baffle and iii) at least two longitudinal (top-to-bottom) slots in which the insert can slide in during assembly, each of the inserts being inserted into a slot in the core With a plurality of resonator necks that are engageable with the resonator body present in the core when inserted, the skin fits on opposite sides of the panel.

  In this aspect, for further clarity, the core for use in this panel structure is i) a cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs, the air passing passively into the cavity A cavity partially defining a Z-shaped airflow passage from the inlet to the outlet for ii) a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles; and iii) the insert can slide in during assembly And at least two longitudinal (top to bottom) slots.

  In this embodiment, various inserts and covering skins can be tailored for a particular application and joined to the core. The skin is intended to be similar to the veneer, surface or skin referenced in embodiment B above. Apart from the benefits of tailoring specific inserts and skins, this cartridge and core configuration embodiment allows the user to create a “visible” part of the solid wood panel, which is appealing and durable This is advantageous in terms of cost. Other invisible components can be made from less expensive materials. Furthermore, this embodiment has distinct advantages for mass production because it fits standard assembly methods in commercial door factories. Therefore, it is easy to incorporate in a production line.

  In this embodiment, two inserts (defining the outer edge) are placed in slots in the core. Here, the insert provides a “neck” for each resonator and the core provides a respective “volume” or “body” for matching, thereby completing each of the resonator structure (s). See FIG. 31 where the volume is shown as 164 (the neck is not shown in this cross-sectional position).

  The core is defined by a hollow portion supported by a plurality of ribs. 21-24 show the core assembly. FIG. 21 is a front view of a core, generally indicated at 150, with notches for ribs 152 and slots 154. FIG. 22 shows the rib 152, and FIGS. 23 and 24 more clearly show the slot 154 into which the insert can slide.

  FIGS. 25-28 show an insert, generally designated 156, which is preferably a solid wood insert. In particular, FIGS. 26 and 28 have a plurality of resonator necks 157 that extend from an upper end 158 to a lower end 160.

  Finally, FIGS. 29-33 show the completed panel assembly 159 of this embodiment, i) the insert 156 is slidable during assembly within the slot 154 of the core 150 (two inserts, two slots). Ii) A skin 162 (also referred to herein as a crossband) covers the core 150, thereby forming the entire panel assembly (eg ready for use as a door or wall panel). FIG. 33 further shows a horizontal portion 170 (similar to a horizontal frame) and a vertical portion 172 (similar to a vertical frame).

  Preferably, core 150 is initially constructed, which is preferably about 1.5 inches thick. The core is hollow by structural ribs 152 and is sound absorbing like a double wedge baffle or wing (same pattern as previously described herein). Two preferably 3 inch wide slots 154 are cut from the core. Solid wood inserts 156 fit into these slots. A preferably 1/8 inch door skin 162 is crimped to both sides of the core / solid wood insert assembly. A final ventilation slot is passed through the opposite sides of the door to achieve the advantages described above in other embodiments.

  For clarity, the slot in the solid wood insert is the “neck” of the Helmholtz resonator, and when assembled, the solid wood insert and the back cavity form a complete resonator assembly. Solid wood inserts are easy to manufacture in advance, and they guarantee that all visible parts of the product are solid wood. Thus, cheaper and more stable materials such as particle board or MDF can be used to construct the core.

To the extent that can be used to outline the panel and the panel structure as a whole or partially door, the door is of sufficient size to fit within the door frame, for example, are high and 30 inches wide to about 80 inches It is preferable. The ventilation channel is wide enough to allow air to pass therethrough, for example 0.5 to 1.5 inches, preferably 1 inch. The width of the door changes, thereby changing the panel and panel structure according to the invention as well.

  The doors, walls, partitions and windows described herein may be made from any suitable material including wood, metal, glass, and the like.

  Overall, the panel and / or frame structure of the present invention provides significant advantages in both ventilation and silencing, thereby enabling use across a wide variety of residential, commercial and industrial applications.

In order to reduce the propagation of sound incident on the panel, the following has been found.
• Two panel vibrations separated by a sealed air gap are combined and sound propagates easily through these layers. A vertical groove opening to the air gap in the panel isolates the vibration of the panel (s), so that sound energy is dissipated.
• Sound absorbing and vibration dampening baffles (eg baffles / blocks) secured to the panel to absorb the highest pressure energy closest to the panel dissipate the mechanical vibration energy into heat.

  Preferably, heavier materials are selected for veneer panels because heavier materials exhibit higher resistance to being moved by sound and propagation. Apart from the individual smaller resonators, it has been found that the entire panel likewise acts as a Helmholtz resonator, ie a plurality of small openings for larger cavities.

In order to reduce the propagation of sound traveling through the center (air passages, ducts), the panel and frame structure of the present invention uses:
• Reactive damping-Helmholtz resonators outside the side / air passages absorb moderate to low frequencies to reduce propagation.
Dissipative damping-the sound absorbing material in the cavity is shaped and arranged to minimize the line of sight through the hollow center or cavity (similar to a double wedge wing and arranged in a staggered manner) Therefore, it is more likely that sound will be incident upon and absorbed by the material while still allowing a large opening area for air to flow. The preferred shape of the baffle is substantially rectangular, but in one embodiment, the ends may be “sharp”. This “long” rectangular shape attenuates a wider frequency range that extends to a lower range for sound traveling perpendicular to the duct orientation.

  Although the forms of panels, frame structures, methods and systems described herein constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these exact forms. It is. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Aspects of the panels, methods and systems of the present invention (including their specific components) can be modified as needed to best utilize the panels, methods and systems of the present invention. These embodiments are considered to be within the scope of the present invention as fully claimed. For example, the various methods described above may omit some operations, include other operations, and / or operate in a different order than that described in the illustrated embodiment. May be executed.

  Further, in the methods taught herein, the various operations may be performed in a different order than that shown and described. In addition, the method may omit some operations and / or utilize additional operations.

  These and other changes can be made to the panels, methods and systems of the present invention in light of the above description. In general, in the appended claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims. Rather, such claims should be construed to include all possible embodiments with the full scope of equivalents to which they are entitled. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the disclosure, but instead its scope should be determined entirely by the appended claims.

Claims (21)

A panel for ventilation and reactive dissipative silencing,
a) front, rear, top, bottom, right and left sides defining a hollow center between them;
b) at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) in the front of the panel for passively passing air to the hollow center, and passively air to the hollow center At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) in the rear of the panel for passing through, wherein the front groove and the rear groove are non-linear, arranged in a staggered manner, A front groove and a rear groove, forming a Z-shaped air channel in the hollow center;
c) a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles within the hollow center;
d) a plurality of at least partial resonators around the hollow center;
With a panel.   The panel of claim 1 forming at least one portion of a door, wall, window and divider.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the at least partial resonators are on the right and left sides of the panel.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the at least partial resonator is formed generally by engaging the panel with a vertical frame, the vertical frame including a remaining portion of the resonator.   The panel comprises a neck of the resonator around the hollow center, the neck being disposed within the longitudinal frame when the panel and the longitudinal frame are operably engaged. The panel of claim 1, engageable with a cavity of the vessel.   The panel comprises a neck of the resonator around the hollow center, the neck being disposed within the longitudinal frame when the panel and the longitudinal frame are operably engaged. The panel of claim 1, wherein the panel is engageable with a cavity of the resonator, thereby forming a Helmholtz resonator comprising a neck, a cavity, and an opening.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the at least partial resonator is at least partially filled with a sound absorbing material.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the at least partial resonator is a neck having an opening facing the vertically oriented ventilation groove.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the baffle comprises a sound absorbing material.   The panel of claim 1, wherein the baffle is comprised of at least one of a soundproof tile, glass fiber, and soundproof foam.   At least one of a door, wall, partition and window comprising at least one panel according to claim 1.   The door with at least one panel according to claim 1, which is installed between at least two vertical frames and at least two horizontal frames.   2. A flush door comprising at least one panel according to claim 1, which is installed between at least two vertical frames and at least two horizontal frames, which are covered by veneer at the front and rear. Can also be just a single panel A panel system,
a) at least one panel comprising a front, a rear, a top, a bottom, a right side and a left side defining a hollow center therebetween, and air passively passing through the hollow center; At least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (front groove) in the front of the panel, and at least in the rear of the panel for passively passing air to the hollow center One vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove), wherein the front groove and the rear groove are non-linear and are arranged in a staggered manner to form a Z-shaped air flow path in the hollow center At least one panel comprising: a front groove and a rear groove; a plurality of horizontally distributed staggered baffles within the hollow center; and a plurality of resonator necks around the hollow center;
b) a horizontal frame arranged between every two panels;
c) at least two vertical frames comprising resonator cavities, wherein the vertical frame and the cavities define a groove in which a resonator neck is engaged to secure the panel and the vertical frame together; At least two vertical frames;
A panel system comprising:   A panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing comprising a frame arranged between the front and the rear, the frame comprising at least two horizontal frames and two vertical frames and slotted bars The frame has at least one vertically-facing ventilation groove (front groove) in the front surface for passively passing air into the cavity, and passively air passes into the cavity. Between the front surface and the rear surface to form a cavity partially defining a Z-shaped air flow passage from at least one vertically oriented ventilation groove (rear groove) on the rear surface The front groove and the rear groove are non-linearly arranged in a staggered manner, and a plurality of resonators exist through a plurality of slots in the crosspiece on the right side surface and the left side surface of the cavity. And before And it is crimped between said rear surface, Staggered baffles are arranged facing a plurality of horizontal, the panel structure.   The panel of claim 15, wherein the baffle comprises a sound absorbing material.   The panel of claim 15, wherein the baffle is composed of at least one of a soundproof tile, glass fiber, and soundproof foam.   16. At least one of a door, wall, partition and window comprising at least one panel structure according to claim 15.   16. The panel of claim 15, wherein the foam fills a cavity between the slotted bar and the vertical frame.   A core for use in a panel structure for ventilation and reactive and dissipative silencing, wherein the core is i) a cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs, the cavity passing through the cavity A cavity partially defining a Z-shaped airflow passage from the inlet to the outlet for passive air passage; ii) a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered baffles; and iii) an insert during assembly A core comprising at least two longitudinal (top to bottom) slots that are slidable in;   A panel structure for ventilation and reactive dissipative silencing comprising a core, at least two inserts and two skins, i) a cavity supported by a plurality of structural ribs Said cavity partially defining a Z-shaped airflow passage from an inlet to an outlet for passive air passage through said cavity; and ii) a plurality of horizontally oriented staggered A baffle and iii) at least two longitudinal (top to bottom) slots in which the insert is slidable during assembly, each of the inserts being inserted into the slot in the core A panel having a plurality of resonator necks engageable with a resonator body existing in the core, and the skin fits on opposite sides of the panel. Structure.

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