JP2017510976A - フォノンのための電界制御素子 - Google Patents
フォノンのための電界制御素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 61
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- FTWRSWRBSVXQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynearsane;gallanylidynearsane Chemical compound [As]#[Al].[As]#[Ga] FTWRSWRBSVXQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005535 acoustic phonon Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- H10N99/05—Devices based on quantum mechanical effects, e.g. quantum interference devices or metal single-electron transistors
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66083—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. two-terminal devices
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
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Abstract
Description
本特許出願は、参照により全体として本明細書に組み入れられる、2014年1月31日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/934,532号の優先権の恩典を主張する。
本発明は、米国国立科学財団(National Science Foundation)によって付与された助成金第0832819号の下の政府支援によって成されたものである。政府は本発明に特定の権利を所有する。
弾性構造の振動を量子化したフォノンは、現代科学技術の結晶成分を透過し、「フォノニクス」と呼ばれる最近の研究分野の中心である。熱損失エネルギーおよびノイズと関連して、フォノンは、そういうものとして、日常生活に使用される多くの電子装置において遭遇される。フォノンは、量子レベルの基本的現象、たとえばナノ構造における緩和力学から超伝導までを左右すると考えられている。固体量子技術の開発において、フォノンは主に、フォノンが課す制限に関して考慮されている。
以下の説明は、本明細書に記載される主題の様々な局面を具現化する例示的な装置、システム、方法、および技術を含む。以下の記載においては、説明のために、主題の様々な態様の理解を提供するための数多くの具体的な詳細が述べられる。しかし、当業者には、それらの具体的詳細の少なくともいくつかを除いても主題の態様を実施し得ることが明白であろう。
本開示の一つまたは複数の局面は一つまたは複数の例示的態様を通して理解され得る。
Claims (20)
- 電気接点;
電気バイアスを該電気接点に印加すると、該電気バイアスによって生じた電界が、二つの量子ドットを通る軸に対して実質的に平行になるような、半導体に埋め込まれた該二つの量子ドット;および
該半導体に結合され、フォノンを中に通して輸送するように構成された、フォノニック導波管
を備える、フォノントランジスタ。 - 励起エネルギーを前記半導体に供給するように構成されたリード
をさらに備え、該リードが、光学リード、電気リード、またはフォノニックリードである、請求項1に記載のフォノントランジスタ。 - 前記電界の電界線が、前記二つの量子ドットを通る前記軸と同軸である、請求項1に記載のフォノントランジスタ。
- 前記フォノンが前記電界に応じて前記量子ドット中に限局化される、請求項1に記載のフォノントランジスタ。
- 前記電界の存在下でポーラロンおよび間接励起子を生じさせるように、前記二つの量子ドットが離間している、請求項4に記載のフォノントランジスタ。
- 前記二つの量子ドットが第一の量子ドットおよび第二の量子ドットを含み、該第一の量子ドットおよび前記半導体が連続状態を提供し、該第二の量子ドットが不連続状態を提供し、前記電気バイアスを前記電気接点に印加すると該連続状態と該不連続状態とが結合され、かつ、該電気バイアスが、第一の電位を該電気バイアスが含む場合に前記電界がフォノンの生成または伝送を阻害しかつ該第一の電位とは異なる第二の電位を該電気バイアスが含む場合に該電界がフォノンの生成または伝送を促進するように、該結合のためのゲート機構を提供する、請求項5に記載のフォノントランジスタ。
- 前記フォノニック導波管を通して放出されたフォノンが前記電界によって測定される、請求項1に記載のフォノントランジスタ。
- 二つの量子ドットの量子状態が電界の存在下で共鳴するように、該二つの量子ドットを半導体内に配置する工程;および
フォノニック導波管を該半導体に結合する工程
を含む、フォノンのための制御素子を製造する方法。 - 光学リード、電気リード、またはフォノニックリードを前記半導体に結合する工程
をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記二つの量子ドットを配置する工程が、該二つの量子ドットの第一の量子ドットを形成するように第一の量子ドット材料を前記半導体の基板より上に位置付けること、および、該二つの量子ドットの第二の量子ドットを形成するように第二の量子ドット材料を該第一の量子ドット材料より上に位置付けることを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 真性材料の層を前記半導体基板より上に位置付ける工程をさらに含み、前記第一の量子ドット材料および前記第二の量子ドット材料が、真性半導体材料の層によって隔てられている、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の量子ドット材料がヒ化インジウムを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記真性半導体材料がヒ化ガリウムを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記真性半導体材料が、前記第一の量子ドット材料および前記第二の量子ドット材料を100ナノメートル未満だけ隔てている、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 励起エネルギーを供給するための手段;および
該励起エネルギーを供給するための手段に結合されたフォノントランジスタ
を備え、
該フォノントランジスタが、
電気伝導媒質、
該電気伝導媒質に電気的に結合され、第一の電気伝導素子および第二の電気伝導素子に電位を印加すると該電気伝導媒質に該電位を供給するように構成された、該第一の電気伝導素子および該第二の電気伝導素子、
該電位によって提供された電界の存在下で第一の量子ドットの状態が第二の量子ドットと該電気伝導媒質との組み合わせの状態と結合するような、該電気伝導媒質に埋め込まれた該第一の量子ドットおよび該第二の量子ドット、
該励起エネルギーを供給するための手段に結合され、該励起エネルギーを該電気伝導媒質に供給するように構成された、リード素子、ならびに
該電気伝導媒質に結合され、該電気伝導媒質内で発生したフォノンを輸送するように構成された、第一のフォノニック導波管
を備える、フォノン制御システム。 - 前記励起エネルギーを供給するための手段がレーザを含み、かつ前記リード素子が光ファイバを含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記励起エネルギーを供給するための手段が電源を含み、かつ前記リード素子がワイヤを含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記リード素子が第二のフォノニック導波管を含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記電界が、前記第一の量子ドットおよび前記第二の量子ドットを通る軸に対して実質的に平行である、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記電気伝導媒質が半導体ダイオードを含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
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