JP2017219821A - Fixing member, fixing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the interface between a surface layer and an elastic layer.SOLUTION: There is provided a fixing member 110 comprising: a base material 110A; an elastic layer 110B that is arranged on the base material 110A and includes a polymer of first polysiloxane including a hydrogen bond silyl group having bonded hydrogen atoms and second polysiloxane including a vinyl group, where the ratio (s:v (molar ratio)) between the content of the hydrogen bond silyl group (s) and the content of the vinyl group (v) is in a range of 1:1.4 to 1:2.2 before polymerization into the polymer; and a surface layer 110C that is in contact with the elastic layer 110B and contains a compound including a hydroxyl group at least in a surface on a side in contact with the elastic layer 110B.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fixing member, a fixing device, and an image forming apparatus.

  In an image forming apparatus (such as a copying machine, a facsimile, or a printer) using an electrophotographic system, an unfixed toner image formed on a recording material is fixed by a fixing device to form an image.

Here, Patent Document 1 states that “a fixing member used in a process of heating and fixing a toner image on a recording medium to the recording medium, the outermost layer being formed of an elastic body, and a peeling stress of 20 N / “Fixing members that are cm ² or less” are disclosed.

JP 2013-003419 A

  The problem of the present invention is that the ratio (mol ratio) of vinyl group content [v] to hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] before the formation of the polymer described later in the elastic layer is less than 1.4. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fixing member in which peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is suppressed as compared with a case where the surface layer does not have a compound having a hydroxyl group on the surface in contact with the elastic layer.

The above problem is solved by the following means. That is,
The invention according to claim 1
A substrate;
A polymer of a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) bonded to a hydrogen atom and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ) disposed on the substrate; The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] and the vinyl group content [v] before becoming the polymer is 1: 1.4 to 1: An elastic layer in the range of 2.2;
A surface layer in contact with the elastic layer and having a compound having a hydroxyl group on at least the surface in contact with the elastic layer;
A fixing member.

The invention according to claim 2
A first rotating body, and a second rotating body arranged in contact with the outer surface of the first rotating body,
At least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is the fixing member according to claim 1,
A fixing device for fixing the toner image by inserting a recording medium having a toner image formed on a surface thereof into a contact portion between the first rotating body and the second rotating body.

The invention according to claim 3
A fixing device according to claim 2,
A process cartridge that can be attached to and detached from an image forming apparatus.

The invention according to claim 4
An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic latent image forming means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with a developer containing toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image to the surface of the recording medium;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image to the recording medium, the fixing means having the fixing device according to claim 2;
An image forming apparatus comprising:

  According to the invention of claim 1, the ratio (mol ratio) of the vinyl group content [v] to the hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] before the formation of the polymer in the elastic layer is 1.4. And a fixing member in which peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is suppressed as compared with the case where the surface layer does not have a compound having a hydroxyl group on the surface in contact with the elastic layer. .

  According to the invention according to claim 2, 3, or 4, the ratio (mol ratio) of the vinyl group content [v] to the hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] before the formation of the polymer is 1. Less peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer in the fixing member than when the elastic layer is less than 4 or a surface layer that does not have a compound having a hydroxyl group on the surface in contact with the elastic layer. A fixed fixing device, a process cartridge, or an image forming apparatus is provided.

It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a fixing member according to the present embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a first embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the fixing device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

Embodiments that are examples of the present invention will be described below.
In addition, the same code | symbol is provided to the member which has the substantially same function throughout all the drawings, and the overlapping description may be abbreviate | omitted suitably.

[Fixing member]
The fixing member according to this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a fixing member according to the present embodiment.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the fixing member 110 according to the present embodiment includes a base 110 </ b> A, an elastic layer 110 </ b> B provided on the base 110 </ b> A, and a surface layer 110 </ b> C provided in contact with the elastic layer 110 </ b> B. And have.

The elastic layer 110B includes a polymer of a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) bonded with a hydrogen atom and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ). The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the content [s] of the hydrogen-bonded silyl group and the content [v] of the vinyl group before becoming the polymer is from 1: 1.4 to 1: 2. .2 range.
Further, the surface layer 110C has a compound having a hydroxyl group on at least a surface in contact with the elastic layer.

In the present embodiment, peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is suppressed by the fixing member having the above configuration.
The reason why this effect is achieved is assumed as follows.

Conventionally, as a fixing device for an image forming apparatus, a first rotating body and a second rotating body, which are members having a roll shape or a belt shape, are used, and both the rotating bodies are brought into contact with each other to form a nip. There is known a fixing device which is driven to rotate, and a toner image is fixed by inserting a recording medium having a toner image formed on the surface thereof into a contact portion (nip) between the first rotating body and the second rotating body. And as this 1st rotary body or 2nd rotary body, it has a base material, the elastic layer comprised by the silicone type elastic member (silicone rubber) containing the polymer of polysiloxane, and the surface layer in this order A fixing member is used in which an elastic layer and a surface layer are laminated in direct contact with each other.
However, in such a fixing device, when the first rotating body and the second rotating body are compressed and deformed at the contact portion (nip) and then pass through the contact portion (nip) with rotation driving, the first rotating body and the second rotating body are released from compression and return to their original shapes. , Is repeated. Therefore, the surface layer and the elastic layer are repeatedly subjected to compression deformation and release from compression, and a load is repeatedly applied to the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer. Then, the surface layer and the elastic layer may be peeled off by repeating this load.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the elastic layer 110B includes a polymer of a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen bond silyl group (—SiH) and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ). Including. That is, it includes a silicone polymer (silicone rubber) having a polymerization structure formed by bonding a hydrogen bond silyl group in the first polysiloxane and a vinyl group in the second polysiloxane. The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the content [s] of the hydrogen-bonded silyl group and the content [v] of the vinyl group in the stage before this polymer is formed is in the above range. In other words, surplus vinyl groups exceeding the amount required to form a bond with the hydrogen-bonded silyl group are present in the elastic layer 110B.
On the other hand, in the surface layer 110C, a compound having a hydroxyl group capable of reacting with a vinyl group is present at least on the surface in contact with the elastic layer, and this hydroxyl group is in the elastic layer 110B at the interface with the elastic layer 110B. Reacts with excess vinyl groups present in to form a bond. Thereby, it is considered that the adhesiveness at the interface between the surface layer 110C and the elastic layer 110B is improved, and peeling at this interface is suppressed.

-Ratio [s: v]
The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] and the vinyl group content [v] before becoming a polymer in the elastic layer 110B is 1: 1.4. To a range of 1: 2.2. The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] is further preferably in the range of 1: 1.45 to 1: 2.1, and more preferably in the range of 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.0.
When the content of the vinyl group with respect to 1 mol of the hydrogen-bonded silyl group is 1.4 mol or more, peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is suppressed.
On the other hand, when the content of the vinyl group with respect to 1 mol of hydrogen-bonded silyl groups is 2.2 mol or less, a decrease in breaking strength caused by a decrease in the degree of crosslinking of the silicone rubber in the elastic layer is suppressed.

  The amount ratio between the hydrogen-bonded silyl group and the vinyl group is controlled by adjusting the amount ratio between the first polysiloxane and the second polysiloxane used as a raw material, the amount of hydrogen-bonded silyl groups in the first polysiloxane, This can be done by adjusting the amount of vinyl groups in the polysiloxane of No. 2.

・ Method for measuring the content of hydrogen-bonded silyl groups and vinyl groups The measurement of the content of hydrogen-bonded silyl groups (—SiH) and vinyl groups (—CH═CH ₂ ) before becoming a polymer is measured before polymerization, that is, an elastic layer. The first polysiloxane and the second polysiloxane in the stage before the formation of 110B are performed by using NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the solution containing the first polysiloxane and the solution containing the second polysiloxane are each diluted 5-fold with n-hexane, and centrifuged to separate the filtrate. Then, the solvent is removed, dissolved in deuterated chloroform (CDCl ₃ ), analyzed by NMR (manufactured by Varian, product name: UNITY-300), and the respective contents are obtained.

  Next, components of the fixing member 110 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. Note that the reference numerals are omitted.

(Fixing member shape)
The fixing member according to the present embodiment may be in a roll shape or a belt shape. Further, it may be a heat fixing member having a heat source inside or outside thereof, or a pressure fixing member not having a heat source.

(Base material)
When the fixing member is in a roll shape, examples of the base material include a cylindrical body made of metal (aluminum, SUS, iron, copper, etc.), an alloy, ceramics, FRM (fiber reinforced metal), and the like.
When the fixing member is roll-shaped, the outer diameter and thickness of the base material are preferably, for example, 10 mm to 50 mm in outer diameter. For example, in the case of aluminum, the thickness is 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and SUS ( In the case of stainless steel) or iron, the thickness is 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less.

On the other hand, when the fixing member is belt-shaped, examples of the base material include metal belts (for example, metal belts such as nickel, aluminum, and stainless steel), resin belts (for example, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone). And resin belts such as polybenzimidazole).
The volume resistivity may be controlled by adding and dispersing a conductive agent or the like to the resin belt. Specifically, examples of the resin belt include a polyimide belt in which volume resistivity is controlled by adding and dispersing carbon black. Moreover, as a resin belt, what combined the both ends of the elongate polyimide sheet on the puzzle, thermocompression-bonded using the thermocompression-bonding member, and prepared the belt shape is mentioned, for example.

  When the fixing member is belt-shaped, the thickness of the base material is, for example, preferably 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, desirably 30 μm or more and 150 μm or less, and more desirably 40 μm or more and 130 μm or less.

  In addition, you may apply | coat an adhesive agent to the outer peripheral surface of a base material. That is, the base material and the elastic layer may be laminated via the adhesive layer.

(Elastic layer)
The elastic layer includes a polymer of a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) to which hydrogen atoms are bonded, and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ). Further, the ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the content [s] of the hydrogen-bonded silyl group and the content [v] of the vinyl group before becoming a polymer is in the above-mentioned range.

-1st polysiloxane It does not specifically limit as a 1st polysiloxane which has a hydrogen bond silyl group (-SiH), A well-known material may be used. In the first polysiloxane, the hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) may be present at the end of the main chain or may be present in the side chain of the main chain.

The first polysiloxane, for example, -SiH at both ends or one end of the main chain (R ¹⁾ organopolysiloxane having ₂ group (Note, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group, preferably a methyl group Two R ^{1 s} may be the same or different) and have a hydrogen atom in the side chain of the main chain (that is, — [O—Si (—H) (— R ² )] — in the main chain) Organohydrogenpolysiloxane having the following structure (wherein R ² represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group, preferably a methyl group).

More specifically, both terminal trimethylsiloxy group-capped methylhydrogen polysiloxane, both terminal trimethylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer, both terminal dimethylhydrogensiloxy group-capped dimethylpolysiloxane, both terminal dimethyl Hydrogensiloxy-blocked dimethylsiloxane / methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer, both ends trimethylsiloxy-blocked methylhydrogensiloxane / diphenylsiloxane copolymer, both ends trimethylsiloxy-blocked methylhydrogensiloxane / diphenylsiloxane / dimethylsiloxane Examples thereof include organohydrogenpolysiloxanes such as polymers.
These 1st polysiloxanes may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

- The second polysiloxane having a second polysiloxane vinyl groups (-CH = CH _2), not particularly limited, and known materials can be used. In the second polysiloxane, the vinyl group may be present at the end of the main chain or may be present in the side chain of the main chain.

Examples of the second polysiloxane include an organopolysiloxane in which vinyl groups (—CH═CH ₂ ) are bonded to silicon atoms (Si) at both ends or one end of the main chain, and silicon so as to be a side chain of the main chain. Organopolysiloxane is exemplified by a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ) bonded to an atom (Si).

More specifically, molecular chain both ends trimethylsiloxy group-capped methylvinylpolysiloxane, molecular chain both ends trimethylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, molecular chain both ends trimethylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylvinyl Siloxane / methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsiloxy group-blocked dimethylpolysiloxane with molecular chain terminals, dimethylvinylsiloxy group-blocked methylvinylpolysiloxane with molecular chain terminals, dimethylvinylsiloxy group-blocked dimethylsiloxane / methylvinyl with molecular chain terminals Siloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsiloxy group-capped dimethylvinylsiloxy group at both ends of the molecular chain, divinylmethylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane / methylphenylsiloxane copolymer Diethylmethylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, molecular chain both ends trivinylsiloxy group-capped dimethylpolysiloxane, molecular chain both ends trivinylsiloxy group-capped dimethylsiloxane / methylvinyl And organopolysiloxanes such as siloxane copolymers.
These 2nd polysiloxanes may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

  Hydrogen-bonded silyl groups in the first polysiloxane and the second polysiloxane by adjusting the amount of hydrogen-bonded silyl groups, the amount of vinyl groups, and adjusting the amount ratio between the first polysiloxane and the second polysiloxane, etc. The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the group content [s] and the vinyl group content [v] is controlled within the aforementioned range.

  Various additives may be blended in the material constituting the elastic layer. Examples of additives include reinforcing agents (carbon black, etc.), fillers (calcium carbonate, etc.), softeners (paraffins, etc.), processing aids (stearic acid, etc.), anti-aging agents (amines, etc.), additives Examples include sulfurizing agents (sulfur, metal oxides, peroxides, etc.), functional fillers (alumina, etc.), and the like.

  The film thickness of the elastic layer is, for example, preferably from 30 μm to 1 mm, and more preferably from 100 μm to 500 μm.

(Surface layer)
The surface layer has a compound having a hydroxyl group on at least a surface in contact with the elastic layer.

Examples of the method of allowing the compound having a hydroxyl group to be present on the surface of the surface layer that is in contact with the elastic layer include a method of causing the compound having a hydroxyl group to be present by subjecting the surface of the surface layer to the elastic layer side.
In addition, although the method of using the material which has a hydroxyl group as material itself which comprises a surface layer is also considered, it is a hydroxyl group from a viewpoint of having the compound which has a hydroxyl group in the surface by the side of an elastic layer, maintaining the function calculated | required by a surface layer More preferred is a method in which a compound having a hydroxyl group is present by surface treatment on the surface of the surface layer formed of a material that does not have a surface, on the elastic layer side.

The surface layer is required to have heat resistance and releasability, for example. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to use a heat-resistant release material as the material constituting the surface layer, and specific examples include fluororubber, fluororesin, silicone resin, and polyimide resin.
Among these, a fluororesin is preferable as the heat-resistant release material.
Specific examples of such a fluororesin include tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and polyethylene. / Tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychloroethylene trifluoride (PCTFE), vinyl fluoride (PVF) and the like.

-Surface treatment The surface treatment for allowing the compound having a hydroxyl group to exist on the surface on the elastic layer side may be a wet treatment or a dry treatment. For example, a method of introducing a hydroxyl group to the surface by liquid ammonia treatment, a method of introducing a hydroxyl group to the surface by excimer laser treatment, and a method of graft-polymerizing vinyl alkoxysilane by plasma treatment to introduce the hydroxyl group of alkoxysilane to the surface.

Here, a method for causing a compound having a hydroxyl group to exist by plasma treatment will be described with an example.
For example, there is a method in which vinyl alkoxysilane is introduced into a plasma excitation gas and the inner surface of the surface layer (surface on the elastic layer side) is subjected to plasma treatment.

Plasma is generated by supplying a mixed gas of plasma excitation gas and vinyl alkoxysilane, which is easily converted into plasma, between the surface layer and the discharge electrode, and applying a voltage to the discharge electrode. Note that, as a higher voltage is applied, the electric lines of force reach far from the electrode surface, the electric lines of force in the space between the surface layer and the discharge electrode increase, and the plasma density increases.
Thereby, plasma contacts the inner surface of the surface layer, and radicals are generated in the fluororesin constituting the surface layer. The radical of the fluororesin and the vinyl group of vinylalkoxysilane undergo a radical reaction, and the vinylalkoxysilane is graft polymerized to the fluororesin. And the alkoxy group of the branch part which originates in the graft polymerization of vinyl alkoxysilane and forms a convex part in the inner surface of a surface layer is hydrolyzed with the water in air, and becomes a hydroxyl group.

  Further, on the inner surface of the surface layer, not only graft-polymerized vinyl alkoxysilane but also vinyl alkoxysilane adhered to the inner surface of the surface layer without being graft-polymerized exist. The vinyl alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed by water in the air and further undergoes a condensation reaction over time.

  In this plasma treatment, the higher the plasma density, the greater the contact with the inner surface of the surface layer, the greater the amount of radicals generated in the fluororesin, and the greater the number of radical reaction points. Furthermore, the reaction of graft polymerization by radical reaction is fast, and small protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the surface layer in a finely dispersed manner in the initial stage of the radical reaction.

  Here, specific examples of the plasma excitation gas include hydrogen; rare gases such as helium and argon; nitrogen, and one or two or more excitation gases are used.

-Physical properties by surface treatment As the roughness of the inner surface (surface on the elastic layer side) of the surface layer, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is preferably less than 0.08 [mu] m, and more preferably Ra is 0.07 [mu] m or less.
The average length RSm of the roughness curve element is preferably less than 15 μm, and more preferably RSm of 14 μm or less.

The Ra and RSm are measured according to JIS B 0601.
Specifically, the surface shape of the inner surface of the surface layer is measured with a resolution of 0.01 μm in the height direction using a confocal microscope (OPTELICS H1200) manufactured by Lasertec Corporation. An evaluation length of 150 μm is taken in the longitudinal direction of the surface layer from an arbitrary position of the obtained surface shape, and after correcting the curvature with a quadratic function, the surface roughness is measured based on JIS B 0601. The surface roughness is measured by setting the cut-off value when creating a cross-section curve from the cross-section curve of the actual surface to 0.0025 mm and the cut-off value when creating the roughness curve from the cross-section curve is 0.08 mm.

  The atomic composition ratio in the inner surface (surface on the elastic layer side) of the surface layer is such that the ratio (molar ratio) of “carbon (C): oxygen (O)” is in the range of 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.5. Preferably, it is in the range of 1: 0.3 to 1: 1.2. Adhesiveness with an elastic layer improves more because the quantity of oxygen with respect to carbon is the said range.

The atomic composition (carbon (C), oxygen (O)) on the inner surface (surface on the elastic layer side) of the surface layer is measured by fluorescent X-ray measurement (XPS analysis).
A part of the surface layer to be measured is cut out and a measurement sample is prepared. Using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF-1500, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the measurement sample was subjected to qualitative quantitative all-element analysis under the conditions of an X-ray output of 40 V-70 mA, a measurement area of 10 mmφ, and a measurement time of 15 minutes. Calculated from the intensity of the peak derived from C, the intensity of the peak derived from O, and the intensity of the peak derived from F.
When the obtained peak overlaps with a peak derived from another element, the intensity of the peak derived from the atom to be obtained is calculated after analysis by ICP emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption.

  The thickness of the surface layer is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or more and 40 μm or less.

(Fixing member manufacturing method)
Next, a method for manufacturing the fixing member will be described.
As a method for manufacturing the fixing member, for example, the first polysiloxane and the second polysiloxane described above are formed on a base material with a hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] and a vinyl group content [v]. An elastic layer forming coating solution adjusted so that the ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] is in the above-described range is applied onto a substrate, and a polymer is synthesized and cured to form an elastic layer. An adhesive layer may be interposed between the base material and the elastic layer. Next, a tubular body (tube) manufactured using the above heat-resistant release material is prepared, the surface treatment is performed on the inner surface of the tubular body to introduce a compound having a hydroxyl group, and then the tubular body is formed on the elastic layer. A fixing member can be formed by coating to form a surface layer. In addition, you may advance hardening reaction of the coating liquid for elastic layer formation by performing baking after coating | covering a tubular body.

(Use of fixing member)
The fixing member according to the present embodiment is applied to, for example, a heating roll, a pressure roll, a heating belt, and a pressure belt. In addition, as a heat source in a heating roll and a heating belt, the system heated from an external heat source, the system by an electromagnetic induction system, etc. are mentioned.

[Fixing device]
The fixing device according to the present embodiment has various configurations, and includes, for example, a first rotating body and a second rotating body disposed in contact with the outer surface of the first rotating body. The fixing member according to the present embodiment is applied as at least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body.

Hereinafter, as first and second embodiments, a fixing device including a heating belt and a pressure roll will be described. In the first and second embodiments, the fixing member according to this embodiment can be applied to both a heating belt and a pressure roll.
The fixing device according to this embodiment is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and may be a fixing device including a heating roll or a heating belt and a pressure belt. The fixing member according to the present embodiment can be applied to any of a heating roll, a heating belt, and a pressure belt.
The fixing device according to the present embodiment is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and may be an electromagnetic induction heating type fixing device.

(First Embodiment of Fixing Device)
The fixing device according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to the first embodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment includes, for example, a heating roll 61 (an example of a first rotating body) that is rotationally driven, a pressure belt 62 (an example of a second rotating body), A pressing pad 64 (an example of a pressing member) that presses the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62 is provided.
In addition, the press pad 64 should just pressurize the pressurization belt 62 and the heating roll 61 relatively, for example. Therefore, the pressure belt 62 side may be pressed by the heating roll 61, and the heating roll 61 side may be pressed by the heating roll 61.

  Inside the heating roll 61, a halogen lamp 66 (an example of a heating means) is disposed. The heating means is not limited to the halogen lamp, and other heat generating members that generate heat may be used.

  On the other hand, for example, a temperature sensitive element 69 is disposed on the surface of the heating roll 61 in contact therewith. The lighting of the halogen lamp 66 is controlled based on the temperature measurement value by the temperature sensing element 69, and the surface temperature of the heating roll 61 is maintained at a target set temperature (for example, 150 ° C.).

  The pressure belt 62 is rotatably supported by, for example, a pressing pad 64 and a belt traveling guide 63 disposed inside. And it is pressed against the heating roll 61 by the pressing pad 64 in the sandwiching area N (nip part).

For example, the pressing pad 64 is disposed inside the pressure belt 62 in a state of being pressed against the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62, and forms a sandwiching region N with the heating roll 61. Yes.
For example, the pressing pad 64 is provided with a front clamping member 64a for securing a wide clamping area N on the entrance side of the clamping area N, and a peeling clamping member 64b for distorting the heating roll 61. Is arranged on the exit side of the sandwiching region N.

In order to reduce the sliding resistance between the inner peripheral surface of the pressure belt 62 and the pressing pad 64, for example, the sheet-like sliding on the surface of the front sandwiching member 64a and the peeling sandwiching member 64b in contact with the pressure belt 62 A member 68 is provided. The pressing pad 64 and the sliding member 68 are held by a metal holding member 65.
The sliding member 68 is provided, for example, so that its sliding surface is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the pressure belt 62, and is involved in holding and supplying oil existing between the sliding member 68 and the pressure belt 62. .

  For example, a belt traveling guide 63 is attached to the holding member 65 so that the pressure belt 62 rotates.

  For example, the heating roll 61 is rotated in the arrow S direction by a drive motor (not shown), and the pressure belt 62 is rotated in the arrow R direction opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61 following the rotation. That is, for example, while the heating roll 61 rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, the pressure belt 62 rotates in the counterclockwise direction.

  Then, the sheet K (an example of a recording medium) having an unfixed toner image is guided by, for example, the fixing inlet guide 56 and conveyed to the sandwiching area N. When the paper K passes through the sandwiching area N, the toner image on the paper K is fixed by pressure and heat acting on the sandwiching area N.

  In the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment, for example, the concave sandwiched front sandwiching member 64a that follows the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61 has a wider sandwiched region N as compared to the configuration without the front sandwiching member 64a. Secured.

  Further, in the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment, for example, by disposing the peeling sandwiching member 64 b so as to protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61, the heating roll 61 is distorted in the exit region of the sandwiching region N. Is configured to be locally large.

  If the peeling and clamping member 64b is arranged in this way, for example, the sheet K after being fixed passes through the locally formed distortion when passing through the peeling and clamping area. Is easy to peel from the heating roll 61.

  As an auxiliary means for peeling, for example, a peeling member 70 is disposed on the downstream side of the sandwiching area N of the heating roll 61. For example, the peeling member 70 is held by the holding member 72 in a state in which the peeling claw 71 is close to the heating roll 61 in a direction (counter direction) opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61.

(Second Embodiment of Fixing Device)
A fixing device according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment, for example, presses the fixing belt module 86 including the heating belt 84 (an example of the first rotating body) and the heating belt 84 (the fixing belt module 86). And a pressurizing roll 88 (an example of a second rotating body) arranged. For example, a sandwiching region N (nip portion) where the heating belt 84 (fixing belt module 86) and the pressure roll 88 come into contact is formed. In the sandwiching area N, the sheet K (an example of a recording medium) is pressurized and heated to fix the toner image.

The fixing belt module 86 includes, for example, an endless heating belt 84 and a heating belt 84 wound around the pressure roll 88. The fixing belt module 86 is driven to rotate by a rotational force of a motor (not shown) and the heating belt 84 has an inner circumference. A heating and pressing roll 89 that is pressed from the surface toward the pressing roll 88 and a support roll 90 that supports the heating belt 84 from the inside at a position different from the heating and pressing roll 89 are provided.
The fixing belt module 86 is, for example, a support roll 92 that is disposed outside the heating belt 84 and defines a circulation path thereof, and a posture correction roll 94 that corrects the posture of the heating belt 84 from the heating pressure roll 89 to the support roll 90. And a support roll 98 for applying tension to the heating belt 84 from the inner peripheral surface on the downstream side of the sandwiching area N, which is an area where the heating belt 84 (fixing belt module 86) and the pressure roll 88 are in contact with each other. ing.

The fixing belt module 86 is provided, for example, such that a sheet-like sliding member 82 is interposed between the heating belt 84 and the heating press roll 89.
The sliding member 82 is provided, for example, so that its sliding surface is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the heating belt 84, and is involved in holding and supplying oil existing between the sliding member 82 and the heating belt 84.
Here, the sliding member 82 is provided, for example, in a state in which both ends thereof are supported by the support member 96.

  Inside the heating and pressing roll 89, for example, a halogen heater 89A (an example of heating means) is provided.

The support roll 90 is, for example, a cylindrical roll formed of aluminum, and a halogen heater 90A (an example of a heating unit) is disposed therein so that the heating belt 84 is heated from the inner peripheral surface side. It has become.
For example, spring members (not shown) that press the heating belt 84 outward are disposed at both ends of the support roll 90.

The support roll 92 is, for example, a cylindrical roll made of aluminum, and a release layer made of a fluororesin having a thickness of 20 μm is formed on the surface of the support roll 92.
The release layer of the support roll 92 is formed, for example, to prevent toner and paper powder from the outer peripheral surface of the heating belt 84 from accumulating on the support roll 92.
For example, a halogen heater 92A (an example of a heating source) is disposed inside the support roll 92, and the heating belt 84 is heated from the outer peripheral surface side.

  That is, for example, the heating belt 84 is heated by the heating press roll 89, the support roll 90, and the support roll 92.

The posture correction roll 94 is, for example, a cylindrical roll formed of aluminum, and an end position measuring mechanism (not shown) that measures the end position of the heating belt 84 is disposed in the vicinity of the posture correction roll 94. ing.
For example, the posture correcting roll 94 is provided with an axial displacement mechanism (not shown) that displaces the contact position in the axial direction of the heating belt 84 in accordance with the measurement result of the end position measuring mechanism. Configured to control.

  On the other hand, for example, the pressure roll 88 is rotatably supported, and is provided by being pressed against a portion where the heating belt 84 is wound around the heating press roll 89 by an urging means such as a spring (not shown). Thus, as the heating belt 84 (heating press roll 89) of the fixing belt module 86 rotates in the direction of arrow S, the pressing roll 88 is moved by the arrow R following the heating belt 84 (heating press roll 89). It is designed to rotate in the direction.

  Then, the sheet K having the unfixed toner image (not shown) is conveyed in the direction of the arrow P, and when guided to the sandwiching area N of the fixing device 80, it is fixed by the pressure and heat acting on the sandwiching area N. The

  In the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment, the embodiment in which the halogen heater (halogen lamp) is applied as an example of the heating source has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Etc.), resistance heating elements (heating elements that generate Joule heat by passing a current through the resistance: for example, a film having a thick film resistance formed on a ceramic substrate and fired) May be.

[Image forming apparatus]
Next, the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
The image forming apparatus of the present embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier, a latent image forming unit that forms a latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and the latent image as a toner. Developing means for forming a toner image by developing, a transfer means for transferring the toner image to a recording medium, and a fixing means for fixing the toner image to the recording medium. The fixing device according to this embodiment is applied as the fixing unit.

The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is, for example, an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus generally called a tandem type, and a plurality of toner images of each color component are formed by an electrophotographic system. Image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K, and a primary transfer unit 10 that sequentially transfers (primary transfer) the color component toner images formed by the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K to the intermediate transfer belt 15. The secondary transfer unit 20 that collectively transfers (secondary transfer) the superimposed toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 onto the paper K that is a recording medium, and the fixing that fixes the secondary transferred image onto the paper K. Device 60. Further, the image forming apparatus 100 includes a control unit 40 that controls the operation of each device (each unit).

  This fixing device 60 is the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment described above. Note that the image forming apparatus 100 may include the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment described above.

  Each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K of the image forming apparatus 100 includes a photoconductor 11 that rotates in the arrow A direction as an example of an image holding body that holds a toner image formed on the surface.

  A charger 12 for charging the photosensitive member 11 is provided around the photosensitive member 11 as an example of a charging unit, and a laser exposure device for writing an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 11 as an example of a latent image forming unit. 13 (the exposure beam is indicated by Bm in the figure) is provided.

  Further, around the photosensitive member 11, as an example of a developing unit, a developing device 14 that accommodates each color component toner and visualizes the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 11 with the toner is provided. A primary transfer roll 16 for transferring the color component toner images formed thereon onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the primary transfer unit 10 is provided.

  Further, a photoconductor cleaner 17 for removing residual toner on the photoconductor 11 is provided around the photoconductor 11, and a charger 12, a laser exposure device 13, a developing device 14, a primary transfer roll 16, and a photoconductor cleaner. Seventeen electrophotographic devices are sequentially arranged along the rotation direction of the photoconductor 11. These image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are arranged substantially linearly in the order of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) from the upstream side of the intermediate transfer belt 15. Has been.

The intermediate transfer belt 15 as an intermediate transfer member is formed of a film-like pressure belt containing a resin such as polyimide or polyamide as a base layer and containing an appropriate amount of an antistatic agent such as carbon black. The volume resistivity is 10 ⁶ Ωcm or more and 10 ¹⁴ Ωcm or less, and the thickness is, for example, about 0.1 mm.

  The intermediate transfer belt 15 is circulated and rotated (rotated) at various speeds in the direction B shown in FIG. 4 by various rolls. As these various rolls, a drive roll 31 that is driven by a motor (not shown) having excellent constant speed to rotate the intermediate transfer belt 15, and the intermediate transfer belt 15 that extends substantially linearly along the arrangement direction of the respective photoreceptors 11. A support roll 32 for supporting the intermediate transfer belt 15, a tension applying roll 33 that functions as a correction roll that applies tension to the intermediate transfer belt 15 and prevents meandering of the intermediate transfer belt 15, a back roll 25 provided in the secondary transfer unit 20, an intermediate A cleaning back roll 34 is provided in a cleaning unit that scrapes off residual toner on the transfer belt 15.

The primary transfer unit 10 includes a primary transfer roll 16 that is disposed to face the photoconductor 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 interposed therebetween. The primary transfer roll 16 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the core body. The core is a cylindrical bar made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is a sponge-like cylindrical roll formed of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR, and EPDM containing a conductive agent such as carbon black and having a volume resistivity of 10 ^7.5 Ωcm or more and 10 ^8.5 Ωcm or less.

  The primary transfer roll 16 is placed in pressure contact with the photoreceptor 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 in between. Further, the primary transfer roll 16 has a voltage (primary polarity) opposite to the toner charging polarity (negative polarity; the same applies hereinafter). Transfer bias) is applied. As a result, the toner images on the respective photoconductors 11 are sequentially electrostatically attracted to the intermediate transfer belt 15 so that the superimposed toner images are formed on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

  The secondary transfer unit 20 includes a back roll 25 and a secondary transfer roll 22 disposed on the toner image holding surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 15.

The back roll 25 is made of a tube of EPDM and NBR blend rubber with carbon dispersed on the surface, and the inside is made of EPDM rubber. And it is formed so that the surface resistivity may be 10 ⁷ Ω / □ or more and 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ or less, and the hardness is set to, for example, 70 ° (Asker C: manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd., the same shall apply hereinafter). The The back roll 25 is disposed on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to constitute a counter electrode of the secondary transfer roll 22, and a metal power supply roll 26 to which a secondary transfer bias is stably applied is disposed in contact. ing.

On the other hand, the secondary transfer roll 22 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the core body. The core is a cylindrical bar made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is a sponge-like cylindrical roll formed of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR, and EPDM containing a conductive agent such as carbon black and having a volume resistivity of 10 ^7.5 Ωcm or more and 10 ^8.5 Ωcm or less.

  The secondary transfer roll 22 is placed in pressure contact with the back roll 25 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 interposed therebetween. Further, the secondary transfer roll 22 is grounded and a secondary transfer bias is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25, and the secondary transfer roll 22 is grounded. The toner image is secondarily transferred onto the paper K conveyed to the transfer unit 20.

  Further, on the downstream side of the secondary transfer portion 20 of the intermediate transfer belt 15, an intermediate transfer belt that removes residual toner and paper dust on the intermediate transfer belt 15 after the secondary transfer and cleans the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15. A cleaner 35 is provided so as to be able to contact and separate.

  The intermediate transfer belt 15, the primary transfer unit 10 (primary transfer roll 16), and the secondary transfer unit 20 (secondary transfer roll 22) correspond to an example of a transfer unit.

  On the other hand, on the upstream side of the yellow image forming unit 1Y, a reference sensor (home position sensor) 42 that generates a reference signal serving as a reference for taking image forming timings in the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K. It is arranged. Further, an image density sensor 43 for adjusting image quality is disposed on the downstream side of the black image forming unit 1K. The reference sensor 42 recognizes a mark provided on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 and generates a reference signal. In response to an instruction from the control unit 40 based on the recognition of the reference signal, each image forming unit 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are configured to start image formation.

  Further, in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, as a transport unit that transports the paper K, the paper storage unit 50 that stores the paper K, and the paper K accumulated in the paper storage unit 50 is taken out at a predetermined timing. A paper feed roll 51 that transports the paper K, a transport roll 52 that transports the paper K fed by the paper feed roll 51, a transport guide 53 that feeds the paper K transported by the transport roll 52 to the secondary transfer unit 20, and a secondary transfer A conveyance belt 55 that conveys the sheet K conveyed after the secondary transfer by the roll 22 to the fixing device 60 and a fixing entrance guide 56 that guides the sheet K to the fixing device 60 are provided.

Next, a basic image forming process of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
In the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, image data output from an image reading device (not shown) or a personal computer (PC) (not shown) is subjected to image processing by an image processing device (not shown), and then the image forming unit 1Y. , 1M, 1C, 1K, image forming work is executed.

  In the image processing apparatus, input reflectance data is subjected to image processing such as shading correction, position shift correction, brightness / color space conversion, gamma correction, frame erasing, color editing, and moving editing. Is done. The image data that has undergone image processing is converted into color material gradation data of four colors, Y, M, C, and K, and is output to the laser exposure unit 13.

  The laser exposure unit 13 irradiates each of the photoconductors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K with, for example, an exposure beam Bm emitted from a semiconductor laser in accordance with the input color material gradation data. . In each of the photoreceptors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K, the surface is charged by the charger 12, and then the surface is scanned and exposed by the laser exposure unit 13 to form an electrostatic latent image. The formed electrostatic latent images are developed as toner images of respective colors Y, M, C, and K by the respective image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

  The toner images formed on the photoconductors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 in the primary transfer unit 10 where the photoconductors 11 and the intermediate transfer belt 15 are in contact with each other. The More specifically, in the primary transfer portion 10, a voltage (primary transfer bias) having a polarity opposite to the toner charging polarity (minus polarity) is applied to the base material of the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the primary transfer roll 16, and the toner image. Are sequentially superimposed on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to perform primary transfer.

  After the toner images are sequentially primary transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15, the intermediate transfer belt 15 moves and the toner image is conveyed to the secondary transfer unit 20. When the toner image is conveyed to the secondary transfer unit 20, the conveyance unit rotates the paper feed roll 51 in accordance with the timing at which the toner image is conveyed to the secondary transfer unit 20. A size paper K is supplied. The paper K supplied by the paper feed roll 51 is transported by the transport roll 52, and reaches the secondary transfer unit 20 through the transport guide 53. Before reaching the secondary transfer unit 20, the sheet K is temporarily stopped, and an alignment roll (not shown) rotates in accordance with the movement timing of the intermediate transfer belt 15 that holds the toner image. And the position of the toner image are aligned.

  In the secondary transfer unit 20, the secondary transfer roll 22 is pressed against the back roll 25 via the intermediate transfer belt 15. At this time, the sheet K conveyed at the same timing is sandwiched between the intermediate transfer belt 15 and the secondary transfer roll 22. At this time, when a voltage (secondary transfer bias) having the same polarity as the toner charging polarity (negative polarity) is applied from the power supply roll 26, a transfer electric field is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25. Is done. The unfixed toner image held on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is collectively electrostatically transferred onto the paper K in the secondary transfer unit 20 pressed by the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25. The

  Thereafter, the sheet K on which the toner image has been electrostatically transferred is conveyed as it is while being peeled off from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the secondary transfer roll 22, and is conveyed downstream of the secondary transfer roll 22 in the sheet conveyance direction. It is conveyed to the belt 55. The transport belt 55 transports the paper K to the fixing device 60 in accordance with the optimal transport speed in the fixing device 60. The unfixed toner image on the paper K conveyed to the fixing device 60 is fixed on the paper K by receiving a fixing process with heat and pressure by the fixing device 60. Then, the sheet K on which the fixed image is formed is conveyed to a paper discharge container (not shown) provided in the discharge unit of the image forming apparatus.

  On the other hand, after the transfer to the paper K is completed, the residual toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is conveyed to the cleaning unit as the intermediate transfer belt 15 rotates, and is cleaned by the cleaning back roll 34 and the intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35. It is removed from the intermediate transfer belt 15.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications, changes, and improvements can be made.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1]
・ Preparation of base material Product name: PRIMER-No32 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was prepared as an adhesive, and applied to the outer peripheral surface of a core metal (material: aluminum) to a thickness of 1.0 μm, and an adhesive layer A cored bar (base material) provided with was prepared.

Elastic layer Product name manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. as a silicone rubber composition: A solution and B solution of X34-1053 (A solution: second polysiloxane having vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ), and catalyst ( B) containing platinum): a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ) were prepared.
This A liquid and B liquid were mixed by ratio (A liquid: B liquid (mass ratio)) 90: 110, and the coating liquid for elastic layer formation was obtained. The ratio of vinyl groups to hydrogen-bonded silyl groups (SiH groups) is shown in Table 1 below.
This coating solution was applied to the surface of the substrate (adhesive layer) and heated at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes to form an elastic layer.

-Surface layer The fluororesin tube which uses PFA (Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd. make, 451HP-J) as a raw material was shape | molded by injection molding.
Next, plasma treatment was applied to the inner surface of the fluororesin tube. Specifically, an applied voltage of 10 kV from the discharge electrode, a frequency of 18 kHz, a mixed gas of excitation gas (Ar) and silane (vinylmethoxysilane), the flow rate is 1 L / min, and silane is vaporized by bubbling to become an excitation gas. Mixed. The plasma treatment time was set to 10 seconds to obtain a fluororesin tube having an outer diameter of 24.5 mm and a wall thickness of 30 μm.
On the inner surface of the fluororesin tube, Ra was 0.031 μm, RSm was 6.522 μm, and the ratio of carbon (C): oxygen (O) (molar ratio) was 1: 0.6.

  The fluororesin tube was coated on the elastic layer and heated at 200 ° C. for 2 hours to further cure the elastic layer to obtain a fixing roll.

[Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, the ratio of A liquid and B liquid (A liquid: B liquid (mass ratio)) at the time of elastic layer formation was changed to the thing of the following Table 1, and is the same as that of Example 1. Thus, a fixing roll was obtained.

[Evaluation]
(Peel test)
For each of the fixing rolls obtained in the examples and comparative examples, a peeling test was performed by the following method. By cutting the surface layer of the fixing roll in the circumferential direction with a width of 20 mm, holding the surface layer and the elastic layer portion, and pulling in the 90 ° direction on the surface toward the outside (direction away from the core metal side) of the fixing roll A peel test was conducted.
The degree of occurrence of peeling at the interface between the elastic layer and the surface layer (ratio (%) of the area of the peeling area to the total area) was evaluated. Moreover, the following criteria evaluated from the result. In addition, when it was evaluation A ((circle)) and B ((triangle | delta)), it was judged that there was no problem practically.
A (◯): peeling occurrence area less than 0.1% B (Δ): peeling occurrence area 0.1% or more and less than 10% C (x): peeling occurrence area 10% or more

  From the above results, it can be seen that in this example, peeling at the interface between the surface layer and the elastic layer is suppressed as compared with the comparative example.

62 Pressure belt 63 Belt running guide 64 Press pad 64a Front clamping member 64b Peeling clamping member 65 Holding member 66 Halogen lamp 68 Sliding member 69 Temperature sensing element 70 Peeling member 71 Peeling claw 72 Holding member 80 Fixing device 82 Sliding Member 84 Heating belt 86 Fixing belt module 88 Pressure roll 89A Halogen heater 89 Heating and pressing roll 90A Halogen heater 90 Support roll 92A Halogen heater 92 Support roll 94 Posture correction roll 96 Support member 98 Support roll 100 Image forming apparatus 110 Fixing member 110A Base Material 110B Elastic layer 110C Surface layer

Claims (4)

A substrate;
A polymer of a first polysiloxane having a hydrogen-bonded silyl group (—SiH) bonded to a hydrogen atom and a second polysiloxane having a vinyl group (—CH═CH ₂ ) disposed on the substrate; The ratio [s: v (mol ratio)] of the hydrogen bond silyl group content [s] and the vinyl group content [v] before becoming the polymer is 1: 1.4 to 1: An elastic layer in the range of 2.2;
A surface layer in contact with the elastic layer and having a compound having a hydroxyl group on at least the surface in contact with the elastic layer;
A fixing member. A first rotating body, and a second rotating body arranged in contact with the outer surface of the first rotating body,
At least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is the fixing member according to claim 1,
A fixing device for fixing the toner image by inserting a recording medium having a toner image formed on a surface thereof into a contact portion between the first rotating body and the second rotating body. A fixing device according to claim 2,
A process cartridge that can be attached to and detached from an image forming apparatus. An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic latent image forming means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
Developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with a developer containing toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image to the surface of the recording medium;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image to the recording medium, the fixing means having the fixing device according to claim 2;
An image forming apparatus comprising:

Images