JP2017219263A - Cooling facility for incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling facility for an incinerator capable of preventing the incinerator from being damaged, and efficiently cooling an object to be incinerated and a furnace wall of the incinerator.SOLUTION: A cooling facility for an incinerator includes a foaming device 2 provided in an incinerator 20 and configured to discharge high-expansion foam with 100-300 times of expansion ratio in the incinerator. The cooling facility for an incinerator is characterized in that the expansion ratio of the high-expansion foam is 150-250 times. The cooling facility for an incinerator is configured to foam high-expansion foam with the expansion ratio from solution of foam chemical mainly comprising fluorosurfactant.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to equipment for cooling an incinerator and a furnace wall in an incinerator.

  In garbage incineration facilities, incineration of various types of garbage (including industrial waste) is performed by an incinerator. In addition, high-temperature combustion gas is generated by incineration, but post-treatment such as cooling treatment and purification treatment of the combustion gas is also performed, and such a post-treatment device is provided at the subsequent stage of the incinerator. ing.

  There are various types of incinerators such as a stoker furnace type (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No.59-97335

  By the way, the incineration facility may be stopped due to a sudden power failure. In that case, for example, a high temperature gas is sent from the incinerator with the cooling function stopped to the gas processing apparatus at the latter stage of the incinerator. There is a possibility that the part through which the gas passes will burn out.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to cool the incinerated material in the incinerator when the emergency stop is performed. For example, if a large amount of water is discharged at a stroke toward the incinerator, the incinerator can be immediately cooled.

  However, if a large amount of water is discharged all at once, the water may also be applied to the inner wall of the incinerator and the inner wall may be damaged due to thermal shock caused by rapid cooling. By gradually releasing a small amount of water, it is possible to prevent the inner wall of the incinerator from being damaged, but it is necessary to continuously release the water for a long time, so that the incinerated product can be cooled efficiently. I can't. In addition, if the amount of water is too small, the water evaporates before reaching the furnace wall (inner wall) of the incinerator and the incinerator due to the high temperature gas generated from the incinerator, and the incinerator and incinerator It may not be possible to cool the furnace wall sufficiently.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a cooling facility for an incinerator that can prevent the incinerator from being damaged and that can efficiently cool the incinerator and the furnace wall of the incinerator. With the goal.

  This invention is a cooling facility for an incinerator characterized in that it is provided in an incinerator and includes a foaming device that discharges high expansion bubbles having a foaming ratio of 100 to 300 times in the incinerator. In the present invention, the expansion ratio means the ratio of the foam volume to the volume of the aqueous foam solution.

  Moreover, this invention is the cooling equipment for incinerators, wherein the expansion ratio of the high expansion foam is 150 to 250 times.

  In addition, the present invention is the cooling equipment for an incinerator, wherein the foaming device generates high expansion foam from an aqueous solution of foam chemical mainly composed of a fluorosurfactant.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the foaming device has an intake port for sucking air for foaming, and has an opening restriction member for limiting the opening of the intake port. This is a cooling facility for an incinerator.

  Further, the present invention restricts the opening degree of the intake port by the opening degree restricting member, thereby defining the ratio of the opening area of the intake port with respect to the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution supplied to the foaming device, and discharging it. A cooling facility for an incinerator characterized in that the expansion ratio of expanded foam is defined.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to cool the incinerated product and the furnace wall of the incinerator by releasing the highly expanded foam from the foaming apparatus. By using high-expansion foam, unlike water, the incinerated product and the furnace wall of the incinerator can be gradually cooled, so the thermal shock applied to the incinerator can be reduced and the incinerator is damaged. Can be prevented. And when the expansion ratio of the highly expanded foam is 100 to 300 times, the incinerated product and the furnace wall of the incinerator can be efficiently cooled. That is, compared to the one with a lower foaming ratio, the amount of water is reduced but the volume is increased. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time required to deposit the foam in the incinerator while burying the incineration material. Compared to the higher magnification factor, the amount of moisture is increased and the heat resistance of the foam (the resistance to disappearance of the foam against heat) is increased, so that the foam can easily reach the incinerated product and the foam is difficult to disappear. can do. Thereby, the foam discharge time required for cooling the incinerator and the furnace wall of the incinerator can be shortened, and the incinerator and the furnace wall of the incinerator can be efficiently cooled.

  Therefore, according to this invention, while being able to prevent an incinerator from being damaged, the cooling equipment for incinerators which can cool efficiently an incinerator and the furnace wall of an incinerator can be obtained.

  Moreover, according to this invention, when the expansion ratio of the high expansion foam is 150 to 250 times, the incinerated product and the furnace wall of the incinerator can be cooled more efficiently.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the foam aqueous solution that generates highly expanded foam is an aqueous solution of a foaming agent mainly composed of a fluorosurfactant, whereby the heat resistance of the foam can be further increased, and the incinerated product And the furnace wall of the incinerator can be cooled more efficiently.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the air intake port for sucking air for foaming is provided, and the opening degree limiting member for restricting the opening degree of the air intake port and controlling the expansion ratio of the foam to be foamed is provided. Since the opening area of the intake port can be easily defined, the ratio of the opening area of the intake port to the flow rate of the foam aqueous solution supplied to the foaming device can be easily defined, that is, The expansion ratio of the highly expanded foam to be released can be easily defined.

It is explanatory drawing which showed an example of embodiment of the cooling equipment for incinerators of this invention, and showed the state by which the foaming apparatus is attached to the incinerator with the incinerator. It is explanatory drawing which showed the same and showed the whole structure of the cooling equipment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the 5 aspect of (a) thru | or (e) as an illustration of the shape of the opening which shows the same as the above and is restrict | limited by the opening degree restriction member which restrict | limits the opening degree of the inlet port which a foaming apparatus has (each) The hatched part shows the opening). It is explanatory drawing which showed the whole structure of the small incinerator used for experiment.

  An example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Although the illustrated example shows a stoker type incinerator, the present invention is not limited to a stoker type but can be applied to other types.

  First, based on FIG. 1, the structure of the incinerator 20 which provides the cooling equipment 1 for incinerators is demonstrated.

  The incinerator 20 is of a stoker type as described above, and includes a stepped and inclined grate 21 called a stoker in the furnace. The incinerated material A supplied from the incinerated material input hopper 22 is burned while moving on the stoker 21. Reference numeral 23 denotes a combustion burner for igniting the incineration A, and reference numeral 24 denotes an air supply fan, which sends outside air to the lower surface side of the stoker 21 to supply oxygen necessary for combustion. Is for. Reference numeral 27 denotes an outlet for discharging the incineration ash B generated by the incineration process. Reference numeral 28 denotes a door that opens and closes the inlet of the incinerated material A from the incinerated material charging hopper 22 into the furnace, and opens when the incinerated material A is charged to open the inlet of the incinerated material A.

  In the upper part of the incinerator 20, an exhaust port 25 for exhausting combustion gas generated in the furnace by the incineration process is provided. An exhaust duct 26 is connected to the exhaust port 25. Although not shown, the exhaust duct 26 is provided with a downstream device such as a device for cooling high-temperature combustion gas containing fly ash and the like, and a device for purifying and exhausting. In addition, when the incinerator 20 is stopped urgently, these post-treatment devices and the like may be burned out by high-temperature gas generated from the incinerated material A in the furnace, but the cooling equipment 1 Can be prevented by urgently cooling the incinerated material A.

  Next, based on FIG.1 and FIG.2, the structure of the cooling equipment 1 for incinerators is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling facility 1 includes a foaming device 2, a foam chemical and water mixed to produce a foam aqueous solution, and a mixer 4 connected to the foaming device 2 by a foam aqueous solution supply pipe 3. The foam medicine tank 6 in which foam medicine is stored and connected to the mixer 4 by the foam medicine supply pipe 5, the water tank 8 in which water is stored and connected to the mixer 4 by the water supply pipe 7, and the water tank 8 is pumped to the mixer 4, the foam aqueous solution generated by the mixer 4 is pumped to the foaming device 2, a control panel 11 connected to the pump 9 by the signal line 10, and the control panel 11. And an operation unit 13 connected by a signal line 12.

  The foaming device 2 is provided inside the box-shaped housing 2a, the housing 2a, the nozzle 2b for discharging the foam aqueous solution supplied from the foam aqueous solution supply pipe 3, and the rear end side of the housing 2a. The suction port 2c that sucks air when the nozzle 2b discharges the foam aqueous solution, and the front end side of the housing 2b, the foam aqueous solution discharged from the nozzle 2b collides with the air sucked from the suction port 2c, As a result, a foamed net 2d or the like that generates highly expanded foam and discharges it forward is provided.

  The cooling facility 1 has the above-described configuration as a system for generating and supplying foam aqueous solution, foaming and releasing highly expanded foam, and if the operation unit 13 is operated to activate the pump 9 (power failure) When an emergency power source is used, an aqueous foam solution can be generated and supplied to the foaming device 2 and released from the foaming device 2 as highly expanded foam.

  Here, the foaming apparatus 2 is provided in an arrangement capable of releasing the highly expanded foam into the furnace of the incinerator 20. Specifically, in the case of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a foam inlet 14 is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the incinerator 20, and high expansion foam is introduced into the furnace from the foam inlet 14. It is provided as a thing to discharge | emit and is provided in the direction in which the foam inlet 14 is located ahead of the foam discharge direction.

  The foam inlet 14 is closed by the door 15 during normal operation. However, when the cooling equipment 1 is started, such as during an emergency stop, the door 15 is opened and opened at the same time as the start of the cooling equipment 1. The expanded foam can be discharged into the furnace. The door 15 is configured such that the bubble discharge port 14 is opened by, for example, electrically removing the clasp and falling forward.

  And the cooling equipment 1 is comprised so that the expansion ratio of the highly expanded foam discharged | emitted from the foaming apparatus 2 may become a predetermined expansion ratio. The predetermined expansion ratio can be a magnification in the range of 100 to 300 times, but is more preferably a magnification in the range of 150 to 250 times.

  Here, the expansion ratio means the ratio of the volume of the generated high expansion foam to the volume of the aqueous foam solution used for the generation of the high expansion foam. Specifically, the foam discharged from the foaming apparatus 2 is predetermined. Obtained by measuring the time required to foam the volume compartment or container and calculating the ratio of the volume of the compartment or container to the volume of the foam aqueous solution required at that time calculated from the discharge pressure / flow rate of the nozzle 2b. Mean value. That is, the cooling facility 1 is configured such that when the foaming ratio of the foam discharged from the foaming device 2 is measured according to the measuring method, it becomes the numerical value of the foaming ratio.

  The cooling facility 1 is configured as described above, and when the incinerated product A of the incinerator 20 needs to be cooled, such as during an emergency stop, the high expansion foam having the above expansion ratio is supplied from the foaming device 2 to the furnace. It discharges | emits to the incinerator A of the inside, and can cool the incinerator A and the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 by it. And since the high expansion foam is used, unlike the case where water is used, the incinerated product A and the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be gradually cooled. Therefore, the incinerator 20 can be prevented from being damaged. Further, by setting the expansion ratio of the highly expanded foam to the above-described ratio, the incinerated product A and the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be efficiently cooled. That is, the amount of water is reduced but the volume is increased as compared with a lower foaming ratio, so that it is possible to shorten the time required to deposit bubbles in the incinerator 20 while burying the incinerated material A. As compared with the one with higher foaming ratio, the moisture content is increased and the heat resistance of the foam (the difficulty of disappearance of the foam with respect to heat) is increased, so that the foam can easily reach the incineration A and the foam. Thus, it is possible to easily maintain the state in which the entire furnace is buried. As a result, moisture necessary for cooling can be efficiently supplied to the entire interior of the furnace, so that the time for releasing bubbles necessary for cooling the incinerator A and the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be shortened. And the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be cooled efficiently.

  As described above, the expansion ratio of the highly expanded foam released from the foaming apparatus 2 can be set to a ratio in the range of 100 to 300 times or a ratio in the range of 150 to 250 times. By setting the magnification to about double, the incinerator 20 can be prevented from being damaged most, and the incinerator A and the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be efficiently cooled. This can be confirmed from the following experimental results.

[Experimental example]
The experiment was performed by preparing a small incinerator as shown in FIG. 4 as an experimental incinerator. The experimental conditions are as follows.
-Incinerator conditions: The internal volume of the experimental incinerator was 72 L, and 3 kg / time of compressed wood fiber was used as a combustion product (incineration product).
-Foaming device conditions: The foaming device was the same type as that shown in FIG. 2, but the foaming net protruded in two stages. The discharge pressure / flow rate was 0.5 MPa-0.6 L / min. As the foaming agent, a water-film-forming foam fire-extinguishing agent A mainly composed of a fluorine-based surfactant and a synthetic surfactant foam-extinguishing agent B mainly composed of a hydrocarbon-based surfactant were used. That is, two types commonly used as foam extinguishing agents were used. As the aqueous foam solution, those having a 5% concentration of the water film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent A and those having the 3% and 5% concentrations of the synthetic surfactant foam fire extinguishing agent B were used.
-Foaming magnification condition: Eight examples (Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3) foamed between 5 and 80 times from a 5% concentration foamed aqueous solution of the water film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent A, and the synthesis Prepare two examples (comparative examples) foamed with 200% and 280 times from 3% and 5% strength foam aqueous solutions of surfactant foam extinguishing agent B, and measure 10 examples with different foaming ratios etc. It was. In addition, as for foaming magnification, all use the opening degree limiting member (the five types shown in (a) to (e) of FIG. 3) to limit the opening degree of the air inlet of the foaming device, It is adjusted by adjusting the ratio (opening area / flow rate) between the opening area of the air inlet and the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution. That is, the result of the experiment also shows that a desired expansion ratio can be easily obtained by the opening degree limiting member described later that limits the opening degree of the intake port.
Measurement conditions (in order of process): For each of the above 10 examples, 1) 1 kg of combusted material is introduced into the furnace from the inlet and ignited with a gas burner. 2) After ignition, 2 kg of the combusted material is additionally charged, and the state is maintained until the measured value by the thermocouple installed in the combusted material and inside the furnace wall reaches a predetermined temperature. 3) After confirming that both the temperature inside the combustion product and the inside of the furnace wall have reached the specified temperature (the inside of the combustion product is 600 ° C or higher and the inside of the furnace wall is 300 ° C or higher), the blower is stopped and the intake port is closed. To do. 4) Open the foam inlet gate and start releasing the highly expanded foam from the foaming device. 5) Stop the discharge of the highly expanded foam when the entire furnace is foamed. 6) When the bubbles above the burned material disappear, the discharge of the high expansion bubbles is started again. 7) Repeat steps 5) to 6) to intermittently release high-expansion bubbles, and both measured values with thermocouples installed inside the combustion product and inside the furnace wall are the target temperature (both inside the combustion product and inside the furnace wall are 100 ° C. or less. ) And the amount of the aqueous foam solution added was measured.

  The experimental results are shown in the following table. In the table, the expansion ratio is a value measured in a normal temperature environment. Further, the openings a to e correspond to (a) to (e) of FIG.

  As shown in Table 1, the measurement values of the expansion ratios of Examples 1 to 5 are 100 to 300 times. In these examples, the measurement value of the expansion ratio is 200 times. The overall cooling time of the product and the furnace wall (the cooling time of the combustion product and the cooling time of the furnace wall, whichever is longer) is the shortest of “21 (minutes)”, and the best results are obtained. It has been. Here, as is apparent from the results of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 using the same foam chemical aqueous solution, as a general tendency, the higher the foaming ratio, the more combusted material compared to the furnace wall. The cooling time for the furnace wall becomes longer, and the lower the foaming ratio, the longer the cooling time for the furnace wall as compared with the combustion product. This is because when the foaming ratio increases, the amount of moisture in the highly expanded foam that can be charged at one time decreases, the number of intermittent discharges increases, and the time required to cool the combusted material at the bottom of the incinerator increases. Yes, if the expansion ratio is low, the cooling time of the combusted material is shortened, but it takes time for the foam to build up in the furnace. This is because the amount of (aqueous solution) increases, so that it does not contribute to the cooling of the furnace wall, and the time required to cool the furnace wall at the top of the incinerator becomes longer (the amount of the foam aqueous solution added also increases accordingly). However, if it is within the range of Examples 1 to 5 with Example 3 at which the best results are obtained in the middle, even in the case of Example 5 where the measured value of the expansion ratio is 300 times the highest, The cooling time was “24 (minutes)”, and good results were obtained as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 having a higher foaming ratio. Among them, even in Example 1 with the lowest foaming ratio of 100 times, Example 1 The total cooling time is “25 (minutes)”, and a good result is obtained as compared with Comparative Example 3 having a lower foaming ratio. Further, if it is within the narrower range of Examples 2 to 4, in Example 4, which has the highest expansion ratio of 250 times, the total cooling time is “22 (minutes)”, and a better result is obtained. In the case of Example 2 with 150 times the lowest expansion ratio, an overall cooling time of “23 (minutes)” and a better result are obtained. That is, the results of the experiment indicate that, with respect to the total cooling time, if the expansion ratio is in the range of 100 to 300 times, good results can be obtained, and the expansion ratio is in the range of 150 to 250 times. If it is within the range, it indicates that a better result can be obtained, and it can be said that the best result can be obtained if the expansion ratio is about 200 times.

  In addition, even when looking at the amount of the foam aqueous solution charged, Example 3 and Example 4 had the smallest value of 4.8 L, and Example 3 with the best results in terms of total cooling time was the most. Good results have been obtained.

  Here, the foaming agent used for foaming the high expansion foam in the foaming apparatus 2 can be used, but various foaming agents can be used, but a foaming agent mainly composed of a fluorosurfactant is used. Is preferred. That is, using foaming agents mainly composed of fluorosurfactants, the foam foamed from the aqueous solution is mainly composed of hydrocarbon surfactants used in high expansion foam fire extinguishing equipment. This is because it is superior to heat-expanded foam using foaming chemicals and is more suitable for cooling incinerators and incinerator walls that are extremely hot. Good results were obtained in the above experiment, which is an example of using a foaming agent mainly composed of a fluorosurfactant as the foaming agent, and its advantages were confirmed from the above experimental results. can do.

  The cooling facility 1 of this embodiment will be described in more detail.

  The door 15 is a forward tilted door (a door that is tilted forward and opened) as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1, and projects inward from the lower portion of the opening edge of the foam inlet 14 toward the inside of the furnace. It stops in the state which was made, and shall be maintained in the state extended in the discharge | emission direction of the foaming apparatus 2. FIG. That is, when discharging highly foamed foam from the foaming apparatus 2 into the furnace, it functions as a guide member for guiding the flow so that the highly expanded foam directly falls toward the incinerated material A, and the incinerated material by the highly expanded foam. A and the cooling efficiency with respect to the furnace wall of the incinerator 20 can be improved. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the door 15 has the damper which controls the opening / closing, and a forward tilting movement, a stop, etc. are controlled by the damper.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the foaming apparatus 2 further includes a cylindrical hood member 2e provided in the front portion so as to extend in front of the housing 2a while enclosing the foamed net 2d. The hood member 2e is provided so as to be positioned between the front portion of the housing 2a and the foam inlet 14 of the incinerator 20. The hood member 2e functions as a member that guides the foam to the foam inlet 14 and can guide the highly expanded foam to the foam inlet 14 while preventing leakage of the highly expanded foam to the outside.

Further, in the foaming apparatus 2, the expansion ratio of the generated highly expanded foam can be defined by the ratio of the opening area of the air inlet 2c to the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution. For example, from the results of the above experiment, when the expansion ratio is set to a magnification in the range of 100 to 300 times, the ratio can be 4 to 10 cm ² / L, and the expansion ratio is 150 to 250 times. When setting it as the magnification which exists in the range, the ratio can be 5-8 cm < ² > / L.

  The foaming device 2 further includes a plate member 2f that restricts the opening degree of the air inlet 2c, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (e). The opening area of the air inlet 2c can be changed by the plate member 2f, the ratio of the opening area of the air inlet 2c to the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution is changed, and the foaming ratio of the generated high expansion foam is changed. Can be done. Thereby, the ratio of the opening area of the inlet port 2c with respect to the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution can be easily defined, and the foaming ratio of the generated highly expanded foam can be easily defined.

  The plate member 2f can change the intake port 2c to various opening shapes as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3E as well as the opening degree of the intake port 2c. Yes. That is, a shape in which a narrow rectangular opening reaching the left and right edges as shown in (a) is arranged in the center, or a similar rectangular opening as shown in (b) is arranged in the lower part. Or a shape having a thick rectangular opening as shown in the center (c), a shape having two circular openings arranged side by side as shown in (d), or (e ) Can be changed to various shapes such as a shape in which two narrow rectangular openings are arranged on the upper and lower sides.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of the cooling equipment for incinerators of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, A various change is possible within the range of the summary of invention.

1: Cooling equipment 2: Foaming device 2a: Housing 2b: Nozzle 2c: Intake port 2d: Foam net 2e: Hood member 2f: Plate member 3: Foam aqueous solution supply pipe 4: Mixer 5: Foam chemical supply pipe 6: Foam Chemical tank 7: Water supply pipe 8: Water tank 9: Pump 10: Signal line 11: Control panel 12: Signal line 13: Operation unit 14: Foam inlet 15: Door 20: Incinerator 21: Stoker 22: Incinerator input Hopper 23: Combustion burner 24: Air supply fan 25: Exhaust port 26: Exhaust duct 27: Exhaust port 28: Door A: Incineration B: Incineration ash

Claims (5)

  A cooling facility for an incinerator comprising a foaming device that is provided in an incinerator and discharges highly expanded foam having a foaming ratio of 100 to 300 times in the incinerator.   2. The cooling equipment for an incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a foaming ratio of the high expansion foam is 150 to 250 times.   The said foaming apparatus produces | generates highly expanded foam from the aqueous solution of the foam chemical | medical agent which has a fluorine-type surfactant as a main component, The cooling equipment for incinerators of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.   4. The foaming device has an air inlet for sucking air for foaming and an opening restriction member for restricting the opening of the air inlet. Cooling equipment for an incinerator according to any one of the above.   By restricting the opening degree of the inlet port by the opening degree restricting member, the ratio of the opening area of the inlet port to the flow rate of the aqueous foam solution supplied to the foaming device is defined, and the foaming ratio of the highly expanded foam to be discharged is determined. 5. The cooling equipment for an incinerator according to claim 4, wherein the cooling equipment is defined.

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