JP2017217812A - Member made from fiber-reinforced resin - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect delamination without using an expensive sensor, and suppress a production cost of an FRP material.SOLUTION: An FRP material has a fiber material having a breaking strength of T1 or more and T2 or less provided thereon. Here, T1 is the maximum value of a breaking strength when the fiber material is broken with a tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed with the smallest deformation amount to cause delamination. T2 is the minimum value of such a breaking strength that the fiber is not broken with the tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed with the maximum deformation amount to prevent cracks on the surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a member (hereinafter referred to as FRP material) made of a fiber reinforced resin having a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a high-pressure tank inspection system in which a fiber reinforced resin layer is formed on the outer periphery of a tank container. In this inspection system, a peeling state detection sensor is installed on the outer peripheral side surface or inner peripheral side surface of the tank shoulder, and based on the signal output from the peeling state detection sensor, the fiber reinforced resin layer in the tank shoulder is placed in the fiber reinforced resin layer. Determine if delamination exists.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-7441

  However, in the inspection system, an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, a metal strain gauge, or an acoustic emission sensor is used as a peeling state detection sensor. These sensors are relatively expensive and require a power source, which complicates the configuration of the inspection system, increasing the manufacturing cost of the high-pressure tank.

  An object of the present invention is to make it possible to detect delamination without using an expensive sensor and to suppress the manufacturing cost of the FRP material.

  One embodiment of the present invention is an FRP material in which a fiber material having a breaking strength of T1 or more and T2 or less is provided on the surface. Here, T1 is the maximum value of the breaking strength at which the fiber material is broken by a tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed with a minimum deformation amount causing delamination. T2 is the minimum value of the breaking strength at which the fiber material is not broken by the tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed with the maximum deformation amount that does not cause cracks on the surface.

  According to the FRP material, it is not necessary to use an expensive sensor for detecting delamination, and the manufacturing cost of the FRP material can be suppressed.

1A and 1B are views showing an FRP material according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a sectional view in the thickness direction along the extending direction of the fiber material, and FIG. 1B is a front view. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing an FRP material according to a modification of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction along the extending direction of the fiber material, and FIG. 2B is a front view of the recess. . 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an FRP material according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction, and FIG. 3B is a cross-section of a microcapsule. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an FRP material according to a modification of the second embodiment, in which FIG. 4A is a sectional view in the thickness direction, and FIG. 4B is a front view of a recess. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of the FRP material according to the third embodiment of the present invention along the extending direction of the fiber material. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an FRP material according to a modification of the third embodiment, in which FIG. 6A is a sectional view in the thickness direction along the extending direction of the fiber material, and FIG. 6B is a front view of the recess. . FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example in which the embodiments of the present invention and modifications thereof are applied to a side sill. FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining an example in which the embodiment of the present invention and modifications thereof are applied to a body side panel, where FIG. 8A is a front view and FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of a D portion of a center pillar. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example in which the embodiments of the present invention and modifications thereof are applied to a side door.

  Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
The FRP material 10 concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention has the shape which has thickness, such as plate shape and a sheet form, as shown to Fig.1 (a). The FRP material 10 is composed of a reinforcing fiber layer 1 laminated in the thickness direction and a matrix resin 2 impregnated in the reinforcing fiber layer 1.

  Each reinforcing fiber layer 1 is formed by laminating reinforcing fiber bundles in one direction or at different angles and binding them with stitch yarns, retaining them by heat fusion without using stitch yarns, or reinforcing fiber fabrics, etc. Consists of The reinforcing fibers of the reinforcing fiber layer 1 may be continuous reinforcing fibers, discontinuous reinforcing fibers, or a combination thereof. In the present embodiment, carbon fibers are used as the reinforcing fibers. As the carbon fiber, for example, polyacrylonitrile (PAN-based), pitch-based, cellulose-based, hydrocarbon-grown vapor-grown carbon fiber, graphite fiber, or the like can be used. Two or more of these fibers may be used in combination.

  As the matrix resin 2, a known thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin can be used. Typical examples include epoxy resins, phenol resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamide (PA) resins, liquid crystal polymer resins, polyether sulfone resins, polyether ether ketone resins, polyarylate. Resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin, polyacetal resin, polysulfone resin, polyimide resin, polyetherimide resin, polyolefin resin, polystyrene resin, modified polystyrene resin, AS resin (copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene), ABS resin (acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene copolymer), modified ABS resin, MBS resin (methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene copolymer) ), Modified MBS resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, modified polymethyl methacrylate resins.

  As shown to Fig.1 (a), the FRP material 10 is equipped with the fiber material 3 on the surface S of one side. The fiber material 3 is disposed substantially parallel to the reinforcing fiber layer 1 and is formed integrally with the reinforcing fiber layer 1 and the matrix resin 2. The shape / arrangement of the fiber material 3 in plan view is not particularly limited, and may be a straight line as shown in FIG. 1B, a curved line, a broken line, or the like. Further, the extending direction of the fiber material 3 is not particularly limited. When the principal stress direction when the FRP material 10 is deformed can be specified, the extending direction of the fiber material 3 is preferably matched with the principal stress direction. When the principal stress direction cannot be specified, for example, the plurality of fiber materials 3 may be arranged so that their extending directions are different from each other.

  The fiber material 3 has a breaking strength of T1 or more and T2 or less. The breaking strength is a tensile load (N) required at the time of breaking when a tensile load is applied to one fiber material 3 to break it. T1 is a fiber material because the fiber material 3 is broken by a tensile load applied to the fiber material 3 when the FRP material 10 is deformed with a minimum deformation amount that causes separation between the reinforcing fiber layers 1 (delamination). 3 is the maximum value of the breaking strength required. Further, T2 is required for the fiber material 3 because the fiber material 3 is not broken by the tensile load applied to the fiber material 3 when the FRP material 10 is deformed with the maximum deformation amount that does not cause the surface S to crack. This is the minimum value of the breaking strength.

  Here, the deformation of the FRP material 10 is a deformation that occurs when a bending moment or the like acts on at least a part of the FRP material 10, and is a mode deformation in which a tensile load is applied to the fiber material 3. The amount of deformation representing the size is a one-to-one correspondence with the elongation rate of the surface S of the FRP material 10 (that is, the elongation rate of the fiber material 3 fixed to the surface S) (%). It can be defined as the amount of change in the curvature of the material 10. Therefore, the tensile load applied to the fiber material 3 when the FRP material 10 is deformed by a certain deformation amount is the fiber material 3 when the fiber material 3 is stretched at an elongation rate (%) uniquely determined from the deformation amount. The resulting tensile load (N). The relationship between the elongation rate (%) of the surface S, the elongation rate (%) of the fiber material 3, and the tensile load (N) applied to the fiber material 3, and the deformation amount of the FRP material 10, T1 , T2 can be obtained through numerical calculations and experiments. “Minimum deformation amount causing delamination” and “Maximum deformation amount causing no delamination”. Further, the relationship between the elongation rate (%) of the fiber material 3 and the tensile load (N) and the relationship between the elongation rate (%) of the fiber material 3 and the tensile strength can be obtained by a tensile test of the fiber material 3. .

  The fiber material 3 having the breaking strength can be composed of, for example, a glass fiber bundle. The form of the fiber material 3 is not particularly limited, and may be a fiber shape, a thread shape, a cloth shape, a belt shape, or the like. The breaking strength of the fiber material 3 can be appropriately adjusted by changing the material, thickness, number, and the like of the fibers constituting the fiber material 3. The material of the fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aramid fiber, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, acrylic fiber, rayon fiber, and polyethylene fiber in addition to the glass fiber. The tensile strength of these materials is generally said to decrease in the order of aramid fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, acrylic fiber, rayon fiber and polyethylene fiber. The material of the fiber can be appropriately selected from any one of the above materials or a combination of two or more thereof according to strength characteristics required for the fiber material 3 and the like. Further, the color of the fiber material 3 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the fiber material 3 has a color that can be identified when compared with the surface S of the FRP material 10 in the same manner as the fiber material 3 of the modified example described later. .

  The method of integrally forming the fiber material 3 on the surface S of the FRP material 10 is not particularly limited, and a known method such as an RTM method or a hand layup method can be employed. In the case of the RTM method, first, a laminated body in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers 1 are laminated is set in a mold in a state in which the fiber material 3 is arranged at a site where it is desired to detect the occurrence of delamination. Next, the mold is closed and molten matrix resin 2 is injected into the cavity, and the matrix resin 2 is contained in the reinforcing fibers constituting the reinforcing fiber layers 1 and the glass fibers constituting the fiber material 3 of the laminate. Invade. Thereafter, the injected matrix resin 2 is cured by pressing and heating at the curing temperature of the matrix resin 2. Thereby, the FRP material 10 in which the fiber material 3 is integrally formed on the surface S is obtained.

  In addition, a prepreg containing the fiber material 3 is prepared, cut into a desired shape, layered on the prepreg containing the reinforcing fiber to be the reinforcing fiber layer 1, and the impregnating resin is heated and cured to produce fibers. The material 3 may be integrally formed.

  (1) In this embodiment, since the breaking strength of the fiber material 3 is in the range of T1 or more and T2 or less, the FRP material 10 is deformed so as to cause delamination inside even if the surface S is not cracked. In this case, the fiber material 3 provided on the surface S can be broken. For this reason, internal delamination that cannot be visually recognized from the outside can be visually detected from the outside by observing the state of the fiber material 3. As a result, an expensive sensor for detecting delamination is not necessary, and the product cost can be suppressed.

  That is, the fiber material 3 functions as a delamination indicator that displays the delamination that occurs inside the FRP material 10 and is not visible from the outside so as to be visible from the outside. The fiber material 3 can be arbitrarily installed at a site where it is desired to visually detect the presence or absence of delamination, and its installation range (length, number) can also be increased or decreased according to the size of the site. In the FRP material 10, the fiber material 3 is provided only on the surface S on one side, but the fiber material 3 may be provided on the surface S on both sides.

<Modification>
Next, an FRP material 10A according to a modification of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the member which has the same function as the member already demonstrated in the above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a recess R is formed in the FRP material 10A. In the concave portion R, the plurality of reinforcing fiber layers 1 are curved and extended along the surface S (also referred to as concave surface or inner R surface) of the concave portion R substantially in parallel with each other.

  On the surface S of the recess R, a first fiber material 3a and a second fiber material 3b are provided as the fiber material 3 which is a delamination indicator. The fiber materials 3a and 3b extend in a curved manner along the surface S of the recess R as shown in FIG. The fiber materials 3a and 3b are preferably arranged so as to cross the point P having the maximum curvature on the surface S of the recess R, but the arrangement of the fiber materials 3a and 3b is not limited to this. The fiber materials 3a and 3b may be arranged parallel to each other in the front view of the recess R, or may be arranged non-parallel. Moreover, you may arrange | position so that it may cross | intersect in one or more places.

  The fiber materials 3a and 3b both have a breaking strength of T1 or more and T2 or less. The fiber materials 3a and 3b have different breaking strengths, and the breaking strength of the first fiber material 3a is larger than the breaking strength of the second fiber material 3b. For example, the 1st fiber material 3a can be comprised from the continuous fiber of an aramid fiber, and the 2nd fiber material 3b can be comprised from the continuous fiber of glass fiber. The difference in breaking strength between the first fiber material 3a and the second fiber material 3b is preferably at least 5% of the difference between T1 and T2 (= T2-T1).

  The fiber materials 3a and 3b have different colors, the aramid fibers of the first fiber material 3a are colored in red, and the glass fibers of the second fiber material 3b are colored in yellow. Yes. As a method of coloring these fibers, a known method such as a method of performing a surface treatment using a sizing agent mixed with an inorganic pigment or an organic dye, a method of producing a yarn by dispersing a dye or a pigment in a spinning solution, etc. Can be adopted. The color of the fiber materials 3a and 3b is not particularly limited as long as the color is identifiable when compared with the color of the surface S of the FRP material 10A. For example, it may be a color different from the color of the surface S of the FRP material 10A in terms of hue, saturation, brightness, etc., and may be a fluorescent color, a metallic color, or the like.

  (2) According to this modification, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. That is, since the FRP material 10A includes a plurality of fiber materials 3 (3a, 3b) and each has different breaking strengths, the fiber material 3 that breaks according to the deformation amount of the FRP material 10A. The number (type) can be increased or decreased. Further, since the fiber materials 3 (3a, 3b) having different breaking strengths have different colors, the degree of deformation generated in the FRP material 10A from the color of the broken fiber material 3, that is, the degree of delamination is easy. Can grasp. This makes it possible to easily determine whether or not an ultrasonic flaw detection inspection is necessary, whether or not a member needs to be replaced, and the like.

  (3) Further, when delamination occurs at a portion where the plurality of reinforcing fiber layers 1 are curved as in the concave portion R, the delamination tends to occur from a point located on the concave surface side with respect to the central surface in the thickness direction. . In the present modification, since the fiber material 3 (3a, 3b) is provided along the concave surface S closer to the delamination point, occurrence of delamination can be detected with higher accuracy.

  The fiber material 3 (3a, 3b) is not limited to the concave surface S, and may be provided on the convex surface S on the opposite side, or on both surfaces S. A plurality of fiber materials 3 (3a, 3b) having different colors and breaking strengths can also be applied to the planar surface S as shown in FIG. In this case, the effect (2) can be obtained.

Second Embodiment
Next, the FRP material 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the member which has the same function as the member already demonstrated in the above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the FRP material 20 includes microcapsules 4 as delamination indicators. The microcapsules 4 are dispersed substantially evenly in the matrix resin 2, and a part of the microcapsules 4 penetrates into the reinforcing fiber layer 1 and is fixed to the reinforcing fibers constituting the reinforcing fiber layer 1.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the microcapsule 4 includes a color material 5 that is a core material and a film material 6 that encloses the color material 5.

  The membrane material 6 of the microcapsule 4 has a tensile strength of T3 or more and T4 or less. T3 is the maximum value of the tensile strength required for the film material 6 because the film material 6 is broken by the tensile load applied to the film material 6 when the FRP material 20 is deformed with the minimum deformation amount causing delamination. It is. Further, T4 is a film material because the film material 6 is not torn by the tensile load applied to the film material 6 when the FRP material 20 is deformed with the maximum deformation amount that does not cause a crack in the surface S of the FRP material 20. 6 is the minimum value of the tensile strength required.

  Here, the deformation of the FRP material 20 is a deformation caused by a bending moment or the like acting on at least a part of the FRP material 20, and is a mode deformation in which a tensile load is applied to the surface S on one side. The amount of deformation representing the size is a pair of elongation rate of the reinforcing fiber layer 1 in the vicinity of the surface S (that is, the elongation rate of the membrane material 6 of the microcapsule 4 located in or near the reinforcing fiber layer 1) (%). For example, it can be defined as the amount of change in the curvature of the FRP material 20. Accordingly, the tensile load applied to the film material 6 when the FRP material 20 is deformed by a certain deformation amount is the film material 6 when the film material 6 is stretched at an elongation rate (%) uniquely determined from the deformation amount. Is the tensile load (N). Each of the elongation rate (%) of the reinforcing fiber layer 1 in the vicinity of the surface S, the elongation rate (%) of the membrane material 6, and the tensile load (N) applied to the membrane material 6, and the deformation amount of the FRP material 20 And the “minimum deformation amount causing delamination” and “maximum deformation amount causing no delamination” in T3 and T4 can be obtained through numerical calculations and experiments.

  The tensile strength of the film material 6 is a tensile load (N) required at the time of destruction when a tensile load is applied to one microcapsule 4 to break it. The tensile strength of the film material 6 is obtained by, for example, performing a tensile test using a test piece made of a transparent polymer material in which the microcapsules 4 are dispersed, and obtaining the nominal stress of the test piece when the microcapsules 4 are broken. It can be calculated by multiplying this nominal stress by the cross-sectional area of the microcapsule 4. In this tensile test, it is considered that the elongation percentage (%) of the test piece coincides with the elongation percentage (%) of the film material 6 until the microcapsule 4 is broken. Therefore, the relationship between the elongation rate (%) of the film material 6 and the tensile load (N) borne by the film material 6 and the relationship between the elongation rate (%) of the film material 6 and the tensile strength of the film material 6 are also described above. It can be determined by a tensile test.

  In addition, the tensile strength of the film material 6 can be appropriately set by adjusting the material and thickness of the film material 6. For example, when the microcapsule 4 is manufactured by the interfacial polymerization method, the thickness of the film material 6 can be controlled by adjusting the emulsification conditions such as the stirring speed and the polymerization conditions such as the monomer concentration, PH, and temperature. it can. The material of the film material 6 is not particularly limited, and an inorganic material such as a glass material or a mineral material, or a resin material such as a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin can be used. Resin materials include urea resin, melamine resin, polyurethane resin, urethane-urea resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, polyolefin resin, polysulfonamide resin, polysulfonate resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, phenol resin, etc. Can be mentioned. For example, an aramid resin is synthesized by reacting an aromatic diamine and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride. Examples of the inorganic material include silicates such as calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, zinc silicate, tin silicate, and iron silicate. For example, calcium silicate is synthesized by reacting calcium silicate with sodium silicate. The material of the film material 6 can be appropriately selected from any one of the above materials or a combination of two or more thereof according to the properties of the color material 5, the strength characteristics required of the film material 6, and the like.

  The color emitted by the color material 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can be identified when compared with the color of the surface S of the FRP material 20 side by side. For example, it may be a color different from the color of the surface S of the FRP material 20 in hue, saturation, brightness, etc., and may be a fluorescent color, a metal color, or the like.

  The material of the color material 5 is not specifically limited, A well-known pigment, dye, etc. can be employ | adopted. As pigments, inorganic pigments such as carbon blacks and iron oxide pigments, organic pigments such as azo pigments, polycyclic pigments, dye chelates, nitro pigments, nitroso pigments and aniline black, and the surface of these pigment particles are hydrophilic. And water-dispersible pigments treated with a functional group-imparting agent. As dyes, oil-soluble dyes, disperse dyes, water-insoluble metal-containing dyes, vat dyes, photochromic dyes, water-insoluble dyes such as resin colorants, acid dyes, direct dyes, basic dyes, water-soluble metal-containing dyes, And water-soluble dyes such as reactive dyes. Two or more of these may be used in combination. Further, the colorant 5 may be a color former that causes a chemical reaction or the like when it is released from the microcapsules 4 and develops color.

  A method for fixing the microcapsule 4 to the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and a known method such as an RTM method or a hand layup method can be employed. When the RTM method described in the first embodiment is employed, the microcapsules 4 may be added in advance to the molten matrix resin 2 injected into the mold.

  The average particle size of the microcapsules 4 is preferably 0.1 μm or more from the viewpoint of improving color development, and 7 μm or less from the viewpoint of ensuring good dispersibility in the matrix resin 2. preferable. The average particle size can be measured using a commercially available laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus.

  In addition, the manufacturing method of the microcapsule 4 is not specifically limited, In addition to the interfacial polymerization method, a chemical method such as an in situ polymerization method or a submerged curing coating method, a coacervation method, a submerged curing coating method, a liquid Known methods such as a physicochemical method such as a medium drying method and a melt dispersion cooling method, a mechanical method such as a pan coating method, an air suspension method, and a spray drying method can be used.

  (4) In this embodiment, since the tensile strength of the film material 6 is in the range of T3 or more and T4 or less, the FRP material 20 is deformed so as to cause delamination inside even if the surface S is not cracked. In this case, the color material 5 can be released by breaking the microcapsule 4. For this reason, internal delamination that cannot be visually recognized from the outside can be visually detected from the outside by observing whether or not the microcapsules 4 are colored. As a result, an expensive sensor for detecting delamination is not necessary, and the product cost can be suppressed.

  (5) Moreover, since the microcapsule 4 is fine and has a lower density than the matrix resin 2, the weight of the FRP material 20 can be reduced without impairing the design of the FRP material 20.

  The region where the microcapsules 4 are provided may be limited to a portion of the FRP material 20 rather than the entire region. For example, the structure in which the microcapsule 4 is fixed to the reinforcing fiber is limited to a specific portion by injecting the molten matrix resin 2 to which the microcapsule 4 has been added only in a portion where it is desired to detect the occurrence of delamination. Can be provided.

<Modification>
Next, an FRP material 20A according to a modification of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the member which has the same function as the member already demonstrated in the above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this modification, as shown in FIG. 4, as a delamination indicator, a part of the FRP material 20A, specifically, a region near the surface S (also referred to as a concave surface or an inner R surface) of the concave portion R is used. A microcapsule 4 is embedded.

  The microcapsule 4 of the FRP material 20A includes a plurality of types of microcapsules, and includes a first microcapsule 4a and a second microcapsule 4b. Although illustration is omitted, the first microcapsule 4a is composed of a first color material as a core material and a first film material containing the first color material, and the second microcapsule 4b is a core material. And a second film material containing the second color material.

  Each of the first and second film materials has a tensile strength of T3 or more and T4 or less. The first film material and the second film material have different tensile strengths, and the tensile strength of the first film material is larger than the tensile strength of the second film material. For example, the first film material can be made of a resin material such as an aramid resin, and the second film material can be made of a glass-based material. The difference in tensile strength between the first film material and the second film material is preferably at least 5% of the difference between T3 and T4 (= T4−T3).

  Further, the first color material and the second color material have different colors, the first color material has a red color, and the second color material has a blue color.

  (6) According to this modification, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. That is, the FRP material 20A includes a plurality of types of microcapsules 4 (4a, 4b), and the membrane material 6 has a different tensile strength for each type of microcapsule 4. Depending on the amount of deformation, the types of microcapsules 4 to be destroyed can be increased or decreased. Further, since the color material 5 of the plurality of types of microcapsules 4 (4a, 4b) has a different color for each type of microcapsule 4, the color generated from the broken microcapsule 4 is generated in the FRP material 20A. The degree of deformation, that is, the degree of delamination can be easily grasped. This makes it possible to easily determine whether or not an ultrasonic flaw detection inspection is necessary, whether or not a member needs to be replaced, and the like.

  (7) Moreover, in this modification, since the microcapsule 4 (4a, 4b) is embedded in the region near the surface S on the concave surface side closer to the delamination occurrence point, the occurrence of delamination is detected with higher accuracy. can do.

  The microcapsule 4 (4a, 4b) is not limited to the region in the vicinity of the concave surface S, but is not limited to the region in the vicinity of the convex surface S on the opposite side or a part of the region. You may arrange | position in the whole area | region of the cross section of the material 20A. Further, the plurality of types of microcapsules 4 (4a, 4b) having different colors of the color material 5 and different tensile strengths of the film material 6 can also be applied to the planar surface S as shown in FIG. In this case, the effect (6) can be obtained.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, an FRP material 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the member which has the same function as the member already demonstrated in the above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the FRP material 30 includes a fiber material 3 to which the microcapsules 4 are fixed as an delamination indicator. The arrangement, shape, material, and the like of the fiber material 3 can be the same as those described in the first embodiment. The breaking strength of the fiber material 3 is in the range of T1 or more and T2 or less.

  The microcapsule 4 enters the inside of the fiber material 3 (fiber gap) and is fixed to the fibers of the fiber material 3. As the material of the film material 6 of the microcapsule 4 and the material of the color material 5, those described in the second embodiment can be adopted. However, unlike the second embodiment, the tensile strength of the membrane material 6 is set to a value at which the membrane material 6 can be broken by a tensile load applied to the membrane material 6 when the fiber material 3 breaks. This tensile strength can be obtained by a tensile test of the fiber material 3 to which the microcapsules 4 are fixed.

  A method for integrally forming the fiber material 3 to which the microcapsules 4 are fixed to the surface S of the FRP material 30 is not particularly limited, and a known method such as an RTM method or a hand layup method can be employed. When the RTM method is employed, the microcapsules 4 may be added in advance to the molten matrix resin 2 to be injected into the site where the fiber material 3 is installed. Further, a prepreg including the fiber material 3 and the microcapsule 4 is manufactured, cut into a desired shape, and superimposed on the prepreg to be the reinforcing fiber layer 1 to heat and cure the impregnating resin. 3 may be integrally formed.

  (8) In this embodiment, since the breaking strength of the fiber material 3 is in the range of T1 or more and T2 or less, the effect (1) can be obtained. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the microcapsule 4 is fixed to the fiber material 3, and the membrane material 6 of the microcapsule 4 is applied with a tensile load applied to the membrane material 6 when the fiber material 3 is broken. Since the fiber material 3 is broken, the microcapsule 4 is broken and the color material 5 is released. Thereby, the breakage of the fiber material 3 becomes easier to visually recognize.

<Modification>
Next, an FRP material 30A according to a modification of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the member which has the same function as the member already demonstrated in the above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the FRP material 30 </ b> A has a recess R, and a third fiber material 3 c and a fourth fiber material 3 d are formed on the surface S of the recess R as the fiber material 3 that is an delamination indicator. Is provided. The arrangement, shape, material, and the like of the fiber materials 3c and 3d are the same as those of the fiber materials 3a and 3b described above. The breaking strengths of the fiber materials 3c and 3d are both in the range of T1 or more and T2 or less, and the breaking strength of the third fiber material 3c is larger than the breaking strength of the fourth fiber material 3d. The difference in breaking strength between the third fiber material 3c and the fourth fiber material 3d may be approximately the same as the difference in breaking strength between the first fiber material 3a and the second fiber material 3b. The color of the third fiber material 3c and the color of the fourth fiber material 3d may be the same.

  In the FRP material 30A, as shown in FIG. 6B, the third microcapsule 4c is fixed to the third fiber material 3c, and the fourth microcapsule 4d is fixed to the fourth fiber material 3d. The microcapsules 4c and 4d respectively enter the fiber materials 3c and 3d (fiber gaps) and are fixed to the fibers of the fiber materials 3c and 3d.

  The membrane material 6 of the microcapsule 4c has a tensile strength at which the membrane material 6 is broken by a tensile load applied to the membrane material 6 when the fiber material 3c is broken. The membrane material 6 of the microcapsule 4d has a tensile strength that allows the membrane material 6 to be broken by a tensile load applied to the membrane material 6 when the fiber material 3d is broken. As the material or the like of the film material 6, those described in the second embodiment or the like can be adopted.

  The color material 5 of the microcapsules 4c and 4d has a different color for each of the fiber materials 3c and 3d, the color material 5 of the microcapsule 4c has a red color, and the color material 5 of the microcapsule 4d has a blue color. Yes. As the material of the color material 5, the material described in the second embodiment can be adopted.

  (9) According to this modification, in addition to the effects of the third embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. That is, since the FRP material 30A includes a plurality of fiber materials 3 (3c, 3d), and each of them has different breaking strengths, the fiber material 3 that breaks according to the deformation amount of the FRP material 30A. The number (type) can be increased or decreased. Moreover, since the color material 5 of the microcapsule 4 (4c, 4d) has a different color for each fiber material 3 (3c, 3d), the color generated from the broken microcapsule 4 is generated in the FRP material 30A. The degree of deformation, that is, the degree of delamination can be easily grasped. This makes it possible to easily determine whether or not an ultrasonic flaw detection inspection is necessary, whether or not a member needs to be replaced, and the like.

  (10) Further, in this modification, since the fiber material 3 (3c, 3d) is provided along the concave surface S closer to the delamination occurrence point, the occurrence of delamination is detected with higher accuracy. be able to.

  In addition, the fiber material 3 (3c, 3d) provided with the microcapsule 4 (4c, 4d) is not limited to the concave surface S, but on the opposite convex surface S or both surfaces S. It may be provided. Further, in the present modification, the plurality of fiber materials 3 (3c, 3d) have different breaking strengths, and the color of the color material 5 of the microcapsule 4 (4c, 4d) fixed thereto is the fiber material 3 A different configuration for each (3c, 3d) can also be applied to the planar surface S as shown in FIG. In this case, the effect (9) can be obtained.

<Example>
The said embodiment and those modifications are applicable to various FRP materials, for example, can be applied to the side sill 40 (FIG. 7) made from FRP. Specifically, the above-described embodiment and modification are suitable for the concave surface 41 (surface of the concave portion) of the bent portion formed on the flange base A and the corner portions B and C of the sill inner and sill outer, and the surface 42 other than the concave surface 41. Can be applied to. Thereby, it is possible to detect the occurrence of delamination when a collision load is input to the side sill 40 from the outside.

  In addition, said concave surface can be formed in the desired position of FRP material. For example, the concave surface 41 that is originally inside the side sill 40 is formed on the outer surface of the side sill 40 by giving a shape that is concave toward the outside to a part of the side sill 40 as in the corner portion C of FIG. It can also be provided. If the above-described embodiment is applied to the concave surface provided on the outer surface of the FRP material, delamination can be easily and accurately detected from the outside of the FRP material.

  The FRP material to which the above-described embodiment or the like is applied may be, for example, a body side panel 50 (FIG. 8) or a door 60 (FIG. 9) made of FRP. In particular, the above-described embodiment and the like are suitable for the concave surfaces 51 and 61 (surfaces of the concave portions) of the stepped portion formed on the door mounting portion D such as a pillar and the hinge portion E of the door 60 and the surfaces other than the concave surfaces 51 and 61. Can be applied to. Thereby, it is possible to accurately detect the occurrence of delamination when a collision load is input to the body side panel 50 or the door 60 from the outside.

  As mentioned above, although several embodiment and modification of this invention, and the example which applied them were demonstrated, these embodiment etc. are only the illustrations described in order to make an understanding of this invention easy, The present invention is not limited to the embodiment. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific technical matters disclosed in the above-described embodiments and the like, and includes various modifications, changes, alternative techniques and the like that can be easily derived therefrom.

  For example, in the modifications of the first and third embodiments, two types of fiber materials 3 (3a, 3b; 3c, 3d) having different colors or breaking strengths are used, but there are three types of fiber materials 3. It may be the above. In the modification of the second and third embodiments, two types of microcapsules 4 (4a, 4b; 4c, 4d) having different colors of the color material 5 or different tensile strengths of the film material 6 are used. There may be three or more types of capsules 4. By increasing the number of types, the degree of delamination can be displayed at a finer level.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment etc., although the example which used carbon fiber as a reinforced fiber of the reinforced fiber layer 1 was shown, the material of a reinforced fiber is not limited to this. As the reinforcing fiber, for example, glass fiber, polyaramid fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber and the like can be used in addition to carbon fiber. Two or more of these fibers may be used in combination.

  Furthermore, in the above-described example, the vehicle member such as a side sill is given as an example of the FRP material adopting the embodiment of the present invention, but it is used for other applications such as railways / aircrafts / ships, architecture, furniture, models, sports. The present invention can also be applied to FRP materials.

10, 10A, 20, 20A, 30, 30A FRP material (member)
40 Side sill (member)
50 Body side panels (members)
60 Door (member)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reinforcing fiber layer 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d Fiber material 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Microcapsule 5 Color material 6 Film material R Concavity S Surface

Claims (8)

A member made of a fiber reinforced resin having a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers, the surface of which is provided with a fiber material having a breaking strength of T1 to T2.
T1: Maximum value of breaking strength at which the fiber material breaks at a tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed with a minimum deformation amount causing delamination T2: Maximum value at which no crack occurs on the surface The minimum value of the breaking strength at which the fiber material does not break due to the tensile load applied to the fiber material when the member is deformed by the deformation amount   The member according to claim 1, wherein a concave portion is formed in the member, and the fiber material is provided on a surface of the concave portion.   The member according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the fiber materials, wherein each of the plurality of fiber materials has a different color and breaking strength. A microcapsule encapsulating a coloring material with a film material is fixed to the fiber material,
The member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane material has a tensile strength at which the membrane material is broken by a tensile load applied to the membrane material when the fiber material is broken. A plurality of the fiber materials, the plurality of fiber materials each have a different breaking strength,
The member according to claim 4, wherein the color material of the microcapsule is different for each of the plurality of fiber materials. A member comprising a fiber reinforced resin having a plurality of reinforcing fiber layers, and microcapsules encapsulating a colorant with a film material having a tensile strength of T3 or more and T4 or less are fixed to the reinforcing fibers of the reinforcing fiber layer.
T3: Maximum value of tensile strength at which the film material is broken by a tensile load applied to the film material when the member is deformed with a minimum deformation amount causing delamination. T4: Maximum value at which the surface of the member is not cracked The minimum value of the tensile strength at which the membrane material is not broken by the tensile load applied to the membrane material when the member is deformed by the deformation amount of   The member according to claim 6, wherein a concave portion is formed in the member, and the microcapsule is fixed to the reinforcing fiber of the reinforcing fiber layer of the concave portion.   The member according to claim 6 or 7, comprising a plurality of types of the microcapsules, wherein the color of the color material and the tensile strength of the film material are different for each type of the microcapsule.

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