JP2017215136A - Ice, refrigerant, manufacturing method for ice, and manufacturing method for object to be cooled - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide ice excellent in cooling capacity, a manufacturing method therefor, a manufacturing method for an object to be cooled, and refrigerant, and also provide unseparated ice and a manufacturing method therefor.SOLUTION: This invention relates to liquid ice containing solute, which satisfies followings (a), (b). (a) A temperature at completion of melting is less than 0°C. (b) A change rate of solute concentration of solution generated from the ice in a melting step is within 30%. Refrigerant of this invention contains the ice. The refrigerant contains water containing the same solute as that contained in the ice, and a ratio of concentration of the solute in the ice to concentration of the solute in the water is preferably 75:25 to 20:80.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to ice, a refrigerant, a method for producing ice, and a method for producing an object to be cooled.

  Conventionally, ice has been used for cooling an object to be cooled for the purpose of maintaining the freshness of fish.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method of cooling fish by bringing ice made of saline into contact with the fish and maintaining the freshness of the fish. Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing an ice solution made of saline by cooling a salt solution in a container and cooling it from the outside.

JP 2000-3454542 A

  However, in the ice produced by cooling from the outside described in Patent Document 1, the temperature of the ice itself tends to rise during cooling, and the ability to cool the object to be cooled is not sufficient.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the above situation, and it aims at providing the ice excellent in cooling capability, its manufacturing method, the manufacturing method of to-be-cooled object, and a refrigerant | coolant. Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the ice which is the state which is not isolate | separated, and its manufacturing method.

  The present inventors have found that the ice of the aqueous solution itself having a reduced freezing point can be produced by a predetermined method, and have completed the present invention. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.

(1) Liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
(A) The temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C. (b) The change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.

  (2) The ice according to (1), wherein the liquid further contains oil.

  (3) The ice according to (1) or (2), wherein the solute includes two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees.

  (4) A refrigerant containing the ice according to any one of (1) to (3).

(5) Furthermore, water containing the same solute as the solute contained in the ice,
The refrigerant according to (4), wherein a ratio between the concentration of the solute in the ice and the concentration of the solute in the water is 75:25 to 20:80.

  (6) The refrigerant according to (4) or (5), further including a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice.

(7) A method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute,
Generating liquid ice containing the aqueous solution on the wall surface by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on the wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution;
Recovering the ice produced on the wall, and a method comprising:

  (8) The method according to (7), wherein, in the step of generating ice, the wall surface is maintained at a temperature lower by 5 ° C. or more than a freezing point of the aqueous solution.

  (9) The method according to (7) or (8), wherein the step of collecting the ice includes a step of adjusting a time for holding the ice on the wall surface.

(10) A method for producing a cooled object to be cooled,
(4) The method which has the process of cooling a to-be-cooled object using the refrigerant | coolant in any one of (6).

  (11) The method according to (10), wherein in the cooling step, a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice is interposed between the ice contained in the refrigerant and the object to be cooled.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the ice excellent in cooling ability, its manufacturing method, the manufacturing method of to-be-cooled object, and a refrigerant | coolant can be provided. Moreover, this invention can provide the ice which is the state which is not isolate | separated, and its manufacturing method.

It is a fragmentary sectional perspective view of the ice making machine used in the manufacturing method of the refrigerated thing of the animals and plants of the present invention, or its part. It is a schematic diagram of the ice making system using the ice making machine shown by FIG. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent temperature change about the ice which concerns on Example 1, and a high concentration salt solution. The temperature of the fish core when the fish was cooled with ice (solution: saturated saline) according to Example 2, ice (solution: saturated saline + CU), and saturated saline (-20 ° C. aqueous solution) according to Example 2. The time-dependent change of is shown.

  Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described, this invention is not limited to this.

<Ice>
The ice of the present invention is a liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute that satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b).
(A) The temperature at the completion of melting is less than 0 ° C. (b) The change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process is within 30%.

  It is known that when a solute is melted in water, a freezing point depression occurs in which the freezing point of the aqueous solution is lowered. Due to the action of lowering the freezing point, the freezing point of an aqueous solution in which a solute such as salt described in Patent Document 1 is melted is lowered. That is, ice made of such an aqueous solution is ice that has solidified at a lower temperature than ice made of fresh water. Here, the heat required when ice changes to water is referred to as “latent heat”, but this latent heat is not accompanied by a temperature change. Due to the effect of such latent heat, the ice having a reduced freezing point as described above continues to be stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water when melted, so that the state where cold energy is stored continues. Therefore, the cooling ability of the object to be cooled should be higher than that of ice made of fresh water. However, the present inventors have found that the ice described in Patent Document 1 does not have sufficient ability to cool the object to be cooled, such as the temperature of the ice rising rapidly with time. The inventors examined the reason, and in the method described in Patent Document 1, even if ice was produced from an aqueous solution containing a solute such as salt, the solute was actually contained before the aqueous solution was frozen. Ice is produced first, resulting in a mixture of solute-free ice and solute, or only a small amount of ice with a reduced freezing point is produced, resulting in cooling capacity. It was found that no high ice was produced.

  However, the present inventors have succeeded in producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point by a predetermined method (details will be described later). Such ice of the present invention satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b). Hereinafter, the above conditions (a) and (b) will be described.

(Temperature at the completion of melting)
Regarding the above (a), since the ice of the present invention is liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, the temperature of the freezing point is lower than the freezing point of fresh water (water not containing a solute). Therefore, it has the characteristic that the temperature at the time of completion of melting is less than 0 ° C. “Tempering completion temperature” means that the ice of the present invention is placed in an environment above the melting point (for example, room temperature and atmospheric pressure) to start melting the ice, and all the ice melts to become water. It refers to the temperature of the water at the time.

  The temperature at the completion of melting is not particularly limited as long as it is less than 0 ° C., and can be appropriately changed by adjusting the kind and concentration of the solute. The temperature at the completion of melting is preferably lower in terms of higher cooling ability. Specifically, it is -1 ° C or lower (-2 ° C or lower, -3 ° C or lower, -4 ° C or lower, -5 ℃ or lower, -6 ℃ or lower, -7 ℃ or lower, -8 ℃ or lower, -9 ℃ or lower, -10 ℃ or lower, -11 ℃ or lower, -12 ℃ or lower, -13 ℃ or lower, -14 ℃ or lower, -15 Or less, −16 ° C. or less, −17 ° C. or less, −18 ° C. or less, −19 ° C. or less, or −20 ° C. or less. On the other hand, it may be preferable to bring the freezing point closer to the freezing point of the object to be cooled (for example, to prevent damage to fresh animals and plants). In such a case, it is preferable that the temperature at the completion of thawing is not too high. Preferably, for example, -21 ° C or higher (-20 ° C or higher, -19 ° C or higher, -18 ° C or higher, -17 ° C or higher, -16 ° C or higher, -15 ° C or higher, -14 ° C or higher, -13 ° C or higher,- 12 ° C or higher, -11 ° C or higher, -10 ° C or higher, -9 ° C or higher, -8 ° C or higher, -7 ° C or higher, -6 ° C or higher, -5 ° C or higher, -4 ° C or higher, -3 ° C or higher,- 2 ° C or higher, -1 ° C or higher, -0.5 ° C or higher, etc.).

(Change rate of solute concentration)
With regard to the above (b), the ice of the present invention has a change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from the ice during the melting process (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “change rate of the solute concentration” in this specification) of 30. %. Even in the method described in Patent Document 1, ice having a slightly reduced freezing point may be generated, but most of them are a mixture of water-free ice and solute crystals. Is not enough. When there is a large mixture of ice and solute crystals of water that does not contain solute in this way, when the ice is placed under melting conditions, the elution rate of the solute accompanying melting is unstable, The more the solute is eluted, the more the solute is eluted, the less the amount of the solute is eluted. On the other hand, since the ice of the present invention is made of liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, it has a feature that there is little change in the elution rate of the solute during the melting process. Specifically, the change rate of the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process is 30%. The “rate of change in the solute concentration of an aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process” means the ratio of the concentration of the aqueous solution at the completion of melting to the solute concentration in the aqueous solution generated at an arbitrary point in the melting process. The “solute concentration” means the concentration of the mass of the solute in the aqueous solution.

  The rate of change of the solute concentration in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within 30%, but the smaller the rate of change, the higher the purity of the ice in the aqueous solution having a reduced freezing point, that is, higher cooling ability. Means. From this viewpoint, the change rate of solute concentration is within 25% (within 24%, within 23%, within 22%, within 21%, within 20%, within 19%, within 18%, within 17%, within 16%. Within 15%, within 14%, within 13%, within 12%, within 11%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, 3 %, Within 2%, within 1%, within 0.5%, etc.). On the other hand, the change rate of the solute concentration is 0.1% or more (0.5% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8 % Or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 11% or more, 12% or more, 13% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 17% or more, 18% or more, 19% or more, 20% or more Etc.).

(Solute)
The kind of solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solute when water is used as a solvent, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired freezing point, use of ice to be used, and the like. Examples of the solute include solid solutes and liquid solutes, and typical solid solutes include salts (inorganic salts, organic salts, etc.). Particularly, among salts, sodium chloride (NaCl) is preferable because it does not excessively lower the temperature of the freezing point and is suitable for cooling fresh animals and plants or a part thereof. Moreover, since salt is contained in seawater, it is also preferable in terms of easy procurement. Moreover, ethylene glycol etc. are mentioned as a liquid solute. In addition, a solute may be contained individually by 1 type and may be contained 2 or more types.

  The concentration of the solute contained in the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the kind of solute, the desired freezing point, the use of the ice to be used, and the like. For example, when sodium chloride is used as the solute, the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.5% (w / v) or more (1% (w / v) in that the freezing point of the aqueous solution can be further lowered to obtain a high cooling capacity. v) or more, 2% (w / v) or more, 3% (w / v) or more, 4% (w / v) or more, 5% (w / v) or more, 6% (w / v) or more, 7 % (W / v) or more, 8% (w / v) or more, 9% (w / v) or more, 10% (w / v) or more, 11% (w / v) or more, 12% (w / v) ), 13% (w / v) or more, 14% (w / v) or more, 15% (w / v) or more, 16% (w / v) or more, 17% (w / v) or more, 18% (W / v) or more, 19% (w / v) or more, 20% (w / v) or more, etc.). On the other hand, when the ice of the present invention is used for cooling fresh animals and plants or a part thereof, it is preferable not to excessively reduce the temperature of the freezing point. From this viewpoint, it is 23% (w / v) or less (20% (W / v) or less, 19% (w / v) or less, 18% (w / v) or less, 17% (w / v) or less, 16% (w / v) or less, 15% (w / v) 14% (w / v) or less, 13% (w / v) or less, 12% (w / v) or less, 11% (w / v) or less, 10% (w / v) or less, 9% ( w / v) or less, 8% (w / v) or less, 7% (w / v) or less, 6% (w / v) or less, 5% (w / v) or less, 4% (w / v) or less 3% (w / v) or less, 2% (w / v) or less, 1% (w / v) or less, etc.).

  Since the ice of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable for use as a refrigerant. Examples of the low-temperature refrigerant include organic solvents used as an antifreeze such as ethanol in addition to ice, but ice has higher thermal conductivity and higher specific heat than these antifreezes. Therefore, ice having a low freezing point by dissolving a solute such as the ice of the present invention is also useful in that the cooling ability is superior to other refrigerants of less than 0 ° C. such as antifreeze.

  The ice of the present invention may or may not contain components other than the above solute.

  In the present invention, “ice” refers to a frozen liquid containing an aqueous solution.

  Further, the ice of the present invention remains stable at a temperature below the freezing point of fresh water, that is, it can be in a state where it is not separated. Therefore, for example, as will be described later, when the liquid constituting the ice of the present invention is a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute, the oil has a uniform state for a long time, that is, , It can be in a non-separated state. In the present invention, the “non-separated state” means a state where the layers are not separated from each other (a state where the layer state is not separated), and is a portion which is separated from a micro perspective. (For example, some water and oil) are included.

  As described above, the liquid constituting the ice of the present invention may be a liquid containing oil in addition to the aqueous solution containing the solute. Examples of such liquids include raw milk and industrial waste (such as waste milk) containing water and oil. When the liquid is raw milk, it is preferable in terms of improving the functionality when eating the ice. Thus, it is estimated that the reason why the functionality is improved is that oil (fat) contained in raw milk is confined in ice. In addition, you may comprise the ice of this invention only from what frozen the aqueous solution containing said solute.

  When the liquid constituting the ice of the present invention further contains oil, the ratio of water to oil in the liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1:99 to 99: 1 (10:90 to 90:10, 20 : 80 to 80:20, 30:80 to 80:30, 40 to 60:40 to 60, etc.).

  The ice of the present invention may be an aqueous ice containing two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees. In this case, the ice of the present invention may be a mixture of ice in an aqueous solution containing one solute and ice in an aqueous solution containing the other solute. In such a case, for example, by adding ice of an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride as a solute having a different freezing point depression degree from that of ethylene glycol to ice of an aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol as a solute, melting of the ice of the aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol can be delayed. it can. Alternatively, the ice of the present invention may be an aqueous ice obtained by dissolving two or more solutes in the same aqueous solution. Further, when two or more kinds of solutes having different degrees of freezing point depression are used in combination, it is also useful for lowering the melting point of ice of an aqueous solution containing the target solute. For example, when salt is used as the solute, the melting point of the ice in the salt solution can be lowered by using a solute (ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, etc.) that can lower the melting point further than the salt. A temperature in the vicinity of -30 ° C, which cannot be achieved with just ice, can be achieved. The ratio of two or more solutes having different freezing point depression degrees can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.

<Refrigerant>
The present invention includes the above-described refrigerant containing ice. As described above, since the ice of the present invention is excellent in cooling ability, it is suitable as a refrigerant.

  The refrigerant of the present invention may contain other components of the above-mentioned ice. For example, the refrigerant may contain water in addition to the above-described ice, thereby constituting a mixture of ice and water. For example, when it further contains water containing the same solute as that contained in ice, the solute concentration in ice and the solute concentration in water are preferably close. The reason is as follows.

  When the solute concentration of ice is higher than the solute concentration of water, the temperature of the ice is lower than the saturation freezing point of water, so that the water freezes immediately after mixing water with a low solute concentration. On the other hand, when the solute concentration of ice is lower than the solute concentration of water, the saturation freezing point of water is lower than the saturation freezing point of ice, so that the ice melts and the temperature of the refrigerant composed of a mixture of ice and water decreases. . That is, in order not to change the state of the mixture of ice and water (the state of the ice slurry), it is preferable that the solute concentrations of the ice and water to be mixed are approximately the same as described above. In the case of a mixture of ice and water, the water may be one obtained by melting the ice, or one prepared separately, but one obtained by melting the ice. It is preferable that

  Specifically, when the refrigerant of the present invention is composed of a mixture of ice and water, the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is more preferably 75:25 to 20:80. Preferably, it is 70:30 to 30:70, more preferably 60:40 to 40:60, still more preferably 55:45 to 45:55, and 52:48 to 48:52 is particularly preferred and 50:50 is most preferred. In particular, when salt is used as the solute, the ratio of the solute concentration in ice to the solute concentration in water is preferably within the above range.

  Although the cooling target of the refrigerant | coolant of this invention is not specifically limited, It is suitable for cooling of a fresh animal or plant or its part. Examples of fresh animals and plants include fresh fish such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like. Examples of the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).

  The water that is the raw material for the ice of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when salt is used as the solute, it is preferably ice of seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater-diluted water. Seawater, water obtained by adding salt to seawater, or seawater-diluted water can be easily procured, thereby reducing costs.

  The refrigerant of the present invention may further contain a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the above-mentioned ice of the present invention, but it may not be contained, but is preferably contained. When trying to cool an object to be cooled in a short time, it can be achieved by using a solid with high thermal conductivity, but in this case, the solid itself also loses cold energy in a short time and the temperature tends to rise. Not suitable for long-time cooling. On the other hand, although not using a solid with high thermal conductivity is suitable for long-time cooling, it is not suitable for cooling an object to be cooled in a short time. However, since the ice of the present invention has a high cooling capacity as described above, it is useful in that it can be cooled for a long time while obtaining a cooling capacity for a short time with a solid having high thermal conductivity. Examples of solids having higher thermal conductivity than ice of the present invention include metals (aluminum, silver, copper, gold, duralumin, antimony, cadmium, zinc, tin, bismuth, tungsten, titanium, iron, lead, nickel, platinum). , Magnesium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, indium, niobium, chromium, cobalt, iridium, palladium), alloys (steel (carbon steel, chromium steel, nickel steel, chromium nickel steel, silicon steel, tungsten steel, manganese steel, etc.), Nickel-chromium alloy, aluminum bronze, gunmetal, brass, manganin, silver, constantan, solder, alumel, chromel, monel metal, platinum iridium, etc.), silicon, carbon, ceramics (alumina ceramics, forsterite ceramics, steatite ceramics, etc.), marble Brick (magnesia bricks, Coll Hult bricks, etc.) a like, include those having a higher thermal conductivity than the ice of the present invention. The solid having higher thermal conductivity than the ice of the present invention is a solid having a thermal conductivity of 2.3 W / mK or higher (3 W / mK or higher, 5 W / mK or higher, 8 W / mK or higher, etc.). Preferably, it is a solid having a thermal conductivity of 10 W / m K or higher (20 W / m K or higher, 30 W / m K or higher, 40 W / m K or higher, etc.), and a thermal conductivity of 50 W / m or higher. More preferably, the solid is K or more (60 W / m K or more, 75 W / m K or more, 90 W / m K or more, etc.), and the thermal conductivity is 100 W / m K or more (125 W / m K or more, 150 W / m K or more, 175 W / m K or more) is more preferable, and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / m K or more (250 W / m K or more, 300 W / m K or more, 350 W / m K or more, etc.). More preferably solid Further, a solid having a thermal conductivity of 200 W / m K or more is more preferable, and a solid having a thermal conductivity of 400 W / m K or more (410 W / m K or more) is particularly preferable.

  When the refrigerant of the present invention contains a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the above-mentioned ice of the present invention, as described above, it is suitable for long-time cooling even if it contains many solids. For example, the ice of the present invention The mass of the solid having a higher thermal conductivity / the mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the refrigerant (or the total mass of the ice of the present invention contained in the refrigerant and the liquid containing the aqueous solution) is 1 / 100,000 or more (1 / 50000 or more, 1 / 10,000 or more, 1/5000 or more, 1/1000 or more, 1/500 or more, 1/100 or more, 1/50 or more, 1/10 or more, 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more, 1 / 3 or more, 1/2 or more, etc.).

  The solid in the present invention may have any shape, but is preferably particulate. In addition, the solid may be included in a form included in the ice of the present invention, may be included in a form included outside the ice, but is included in a form included outside the ice. Since it is easier to directly contact the object to be cooled, the cooling ability is increased. For this reason, it is preferable to be included in a form included outside the ice. Further, when the refrigerant of the present invention contains the solid, it may be mixed with the solid after the ice is produced by the ice production method of the present invention described later, or may be mixed in advance with water as a raw material. Ice may be produced.

<Method of manufacturing ice>
The present invention is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And a method of generating liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface, and a step of recovering the ice formed on the wall surface. By this method, the ice of the present invention that satisfies the above conditions (a) and (b) can be produced.

(Ice generation process)
The present invention is a method for producing liquid ice containing an aqueous solution containing a solute, by spraying a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute on a wall surface maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. And a step of generating liquid ice containing an aqueous solution on the wall surface and a step of recovering the ice generated on the wall surface.

  Even if the liquid containing the aqueous solution stored in the container is cooled from the outside as in Patent Document 1 described above, the ice of the present invention cannot be produced. This is considered to be due to the insufficient cooling rate. However, the production method of the present invention provides rapid cooling, which has not been achieved in the past, by directly contacting the wall surface of the mist-like aqueous solution sprayed with a liquid containing an aqueous solution containing a solute at a temperature below the freezing point. It is possible. Thereby, it is thought that this invention can produce | generate ice with high cooling capacity which satisfy | fills the conditions of said (a) and (b).

  The wall surface is, for example, an inner wall of a cylindrical structure such as a vertical drum 11 in FIG. 1 to be described later, but is not particularly limited as long as it can be maintained at a temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous solution. The temperature of the wall surface is not particularly limited as long as it is maintained at a temperature lower than or equal to the freezing point of the aqueous solution. 1 ° C or more lower temperature (2 ° C or more lower temperature, 3 ° C or more lower temperature, 4 ° C or more lower temperature, 5 ° C or more lower temperature, 6 ° C or more lower temperature, 7 ° C or more lower temperature, 8 ° C or more lower temperature, 9 ° C Lower temperature, lower than 10 ° C, lower than 11 ° C, lower than 12 ° C, lower than 13 ° C, lower than 14 ° C, lower than 14 ° C, lower than 15 ° C, lower than 16 ° C, lower than 17 ° C Temperature, temperature lower than 18 ° C, temperature lower than 19 ° C, temperature lower than 20 ° C, temperature lower than 21 ° C, temperature lower than 22 ° C, temperature lower than 23 ° C, temperature lower than 24 ° C, temperature lower than 25 ° C, etc. Preferred to be retained) Arbitrariness.

  Although the method of spraying is not particularly limited, for example, spraying can be performed by spraying from spraying means having spray holes, such as a pipe 13 in FIG. In this case, the water pressure at the time of injection is, for example, 0.001 MPa or more (0.002 MPa or more, 0.005 MPa or more, 0.01 MPa or more, 0.05 MPa or more, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, etc.). 1 MPa or less (0.8 MPa or less, 0.7 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.5 MPa or less, 0.3 MPa or less, 0.1 MPa or less, 0.05 MPa or less, 0.01 MPa or less, etc.) There may be.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1 to be described later, a rotating means such as a rotatable shaft 12 is provided on the central axis of the saddle drum 11, and the spraying is performed by continuous spraying such as spraying while rotating. Also good.

(Recovery process)
This invention has the process of collect | recovering the ice which arose on the wall surface after the above-mentioned ice production | generation process.

  The method of collecting is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 to be described later, the ice on the wall surface may be scraped by means such as a blade 15 and the dropped ice may be collected.

  In addition, when ice is generated, ice-making heat is generated, and this ice-making heat may affect the actual melting completion temperature. Thus, it is considered that the melting completion temperature is affected not only by the type and concentration of the solute but also by the ice making heat. Therefore, the actual melting completion temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of ice making heat remaining in the ice. In order to adjust the ice making heat, it can be performed by adjusting the holding time of the ice on the wall surface in the recovery step of the present invention.

[Icemaker and ice making system]
An embodiment of an ice making machine and an ice making system that can be used for producing ice according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, the example of the following ice makers uses salt as a solute.

  A partial cross-sectional perspective view of the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG. 1, and an ice making system including the ice making machine 10 is shown in FIG. The ice making machine 10 includes a vertical drum 11 whose inner peripheral surface is cooled by a refrigerant, and a rotating shaft 12 that is rotated by a geared motor 20 is disposed on the central axis of the vertical drum 11. The rotary shaft 12 rotates together with the rotary shaft 12 and has a plurality of pipes 13 having injection holes 13 a at the tip thereof for injecting salt water toward the inner peripheral surface of the vertical drum 11, and the radial direction of the vertical drum 11. An arm 14 that extends and rotates together with the rotating shaft 12 is attached. A blade 15 that scrapes off the ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is attached to the tip of the arm 14.

  The saddle type drum 11 has an inner cylinder 22 in which ice is generated on the inner peripheral surface, and an outer cylinder 23 surrounding the inner cylinder 22. The inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23 are made of steel, and a clearance is provided between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23. Refrigerant is supplied to the clearance from a refrigerator (not shown) via the pipe 35. The outer peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is covered with a cylindrical protective cover 19.

  The upper surface of the saddle drum 11 is sealed with an upper bearing member 17 having a shape in which the pot is inverted. A bush 28 that supports the rotating shaft 12 is fitted in the center of the upper bearing member 17. The rotating shaft 12 is supported only by the upper bearing member 17, and the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 12 is not pivotally supported. Therefore, there is no obstacle under the saddle drum 11 when the ice scraped off by the blade 15 falls, and the lower surface of the saddle drum 11 is a discharge port 16 for discharging ice. The ice that has fallen from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 (see FIG. 2).

  The rotating shaft 12 is rotated around the material axis by a geared motor 20 installed above the upper bearing member 17. In the upper part of the rotating shaft 12, a hole 12a extending in the material axis direction and communicating with each pipe 13 is formed (see FIG. 2). A rotary joint 21 is attached to the top of the rotating shaft 12. The salt water used as the raw material for ice is fed from the salt water storage tank 30 to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 (see FIG. 2). The salt water fed to the rotary joint 21 is fed from the rotary joint 21 to the pothole 12a formed in the rotating shaft 12, and is fed to each pipe 13 from the pothole 12a.

  The pipes 13 extend radially from the rotary shaft 12 in the radial direction of the saddle drum 11. The installation height of each pipe 13 is an upper position of the height of the inner cylinder 22 of the saddle drum 11, and salt water is injected toward the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 22 (see FIG. 1). The water pressure when injecting salt water from the injection holes 13a is, for example, about 0.01 MPa. A spray nozzle or the like may be used instead of the pipe 13. In this case, the injection pressure can be set to 0.2 to 0.5 MPa, for example.

  The arm 14 is mounted so as to be symmetric with respect to the rotating shaft 12. In the present embodiment, the number of arms 14 is two. The blade 15 attached to the tip of each arm 14 is made of a stainless steel plate having a length substantially equal to the total length (total height) of the inner cylinder 22, and a plurality of saw teeth 15 a are provided on the end surface facing the inner cylinder 22. Is formed.

  Next, operations of the ice making machine 10 and the ice making system having the above-described configuration will be described. The refrigerant is supplied to the vertical drum 11 by operating the refrigerator, and the temperature of the inner peripheral surface of the vertical drum 11 is set to −20 to −25 ° C. Next, the geared motor 20 is operated to rotate the rotating shaft 12 around the material axis, and salt water is supplied into the rotating shaft 12 through the rotary joint 21. The rotational speed of the rotating shaft 12 is 2 to 4 rpm. When a spray nozzle is used instead of the pipe 13, the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 12 is 10 to 15 rpm.

  The salt water sprayed from the pipe 13 that rotates together with the rotating shaft 12 toward the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 freezes instantly when it contacts the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11. The ice generated on the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is scraped off by the blade 15 that rotates together with the arm 14. The scraped ice falls from the discharge port 16. The ice dropped from the discharge port 16 is stored in an ice storage tank 34 disposed immediately below the ice making machine 10 and used for maintaining the freshness of fresh seafood.

  On the other hand, the salt water that does not become ice but flows down the inner peripheral surface of the saddle drum 11 is stored in the salt water storage tank 30 and is fed again to the rotary joint 21 via the pipe 32 by operating the pump 31 ( (See FIG. 2). In addition, when the salt water in the salt water storage tank 30 decreases, the salt water stored in the salt water tank 33 is supplied to the salt water storage tank 30.

<Method for manufacturing the object to be cooled>
The present invention includes a method for producing a cooled object to be cooled, the method including a step of cooling the object to be cooled using the above-described refrigerant.

  The object to be cooled is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fresh animals and plants or parts thereof. Examples of fresh animals and plants include fresh fish such as saltwater fish, fresh vegetables, and the like. Examples of the parts of fresh animals and plants include organs of animals (such as humans).

  The cooling method is not particularly limited, and the above-described refrigerant may be cooled by directly contacting the object to be cooled, or indirectly (for example, the heat conduction means capable of transmitting a heat source is cooled by the refrigerant and cooled). It may be cooled (via heat conducting means).

  Further, when the above-described refrigerant of the present invention contains a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice, the cooling process has a higher thermal conductivity than ice between the ice contained in the refrigerant and the object to be cooled. It is preferable to perform cooling so that a solid is present. Thereby, it is possible to cool for a long time while obtaining a cooling capability for a short time by a solid having high thermal conductivity. In such a case, another object may be interposed between ice, a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than ice, and an object to be cooled, depending on the purpose. For example, it is not preferable to directly contact the object to be cooled in the refrigerant (for example, a solid (metal etc.) having a higher thermal conductivity than ice which is not preferable to contact the object to be cooled from the viewpoint of safety). When included, either the refrigerant or the object to be cooled may be accommodated in the bag, and the refrigerant and the object to be cooled may be cooled so as not to be in direct contact with each other.

<Example 1>
Using the ice making machine 10 described above, ice of an aqueous solution (saturated saline) containing 23.1% of sodium chloride as a solute (hereinafter referred to as “ice according to Example 1”) was produced. In the ice according to Example 1, (a) the temperature at the completion of melting was less than 0 ° C. Further, the concentration of the saline solution in the aqueous solution during the melting process was substantially constant, that is, (b) the rate of change in the solute concentration of the aqueous solution generated from ice during the melting process was within 30%. With respect to the temperature of the ice according to Example 1, a change with time was measured under an outside air temperature. Further, with respect to the saline solution having the same concentration as the ice according to Example 1 (“high-concentration saline solution” in FIG. 3), the change with time of temperature was measured in the same manner. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.) and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes).

  As shown in FIG. 3, since the high-concentration saline was not frozen, the temperature rose in proportion to the passage of time. On the other hand, the ice according to Example 1 was found to have a high cooling capacity due to the effect of latent heat because almost no temperature change was observed at around −20 ° C. until melting was completed. .

  <Example 2> Similarly to Example 1, using the ice making machine 10 described above, ice of an aqueous solution (saturated saline) containing 23.1% of sodium chloride as a solute (hereinafter referred to as "ice according to Example 2 ( Solution: saturated saline) ”). Moreover, what added copper to the ice (solution: saturated saline) concerning Example 2 was prepared, and this was made into the ice (solution: saturated saline + CU) concerning Example 2. Furthermore, a saturated saline solution (−20 ° C. aqueous solution) that was not frozen was prepared.

  Using the ice according to Example 2 (solution: saturated saline), the ice according to Example 2 (solution: saturated saline + CU), and the saturated saline (-20 ° C. aqueous solution), the fish core temperature is cooled. The change with time was measured. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.) and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes).

  As shown in FIG. 4, the ice (solution: saturated saline + CU) according to Example 2 was found to have a higher cooling ability for fish than the ice (solution: saturated saline) according to Example 2. From this result, it was found that the cooling ability was increased by adding a solid having higher thermal conductivity than ice such as copper.

<Example 3>
Using the ice making machine 10 described above, using raw milk instead of an aqueous solution containing 23.1% (saturated saline), the ice of raw milk according to Example 3 is produced in the same manner as the ice according to Example 1. did. When the ice according to Example 3 was sampled, it was difficult to separate while eating, and the solid state could last for a long time, confirming that it was delicious. Further, when the same ice was left without being melted and dissolved, the raw milk produced by the dissolution was not separated. Furthermore, when the separation state when the ice of raw milk according to Example 3 was produced using the ice making machine 10 was confirmed, oil remained on the wall surface even after the ice was collected from the wall surface sprayed with the liquid. It was confirmed that it was not separated even during production. From these things, it turned out that it can be set as the state which the ice of this invention does not isolate | separate.

10: ice making machine, 11: vertical drum, 12: rotating shaft, 12a: coffin hole, 13: pipe, 13a: injection hole, 14: arm, 15: blade, 15a: saw blade, 16: discharge port, 17: upper bearing Member: 19: Protective cover, 20: Geared motor, 21: Rotary joint, 22: Inner cylinder, 23: Outer cylinder, 28: Bush, 30: Salt water storage tank, 31: Pump, 32, 35: Piping, 33: Salt water Tank 34: Ice storage tank

Claims (1)

  Invention described in the specification.

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