JP2017214635A - Method for forming dissimilar metal laminated structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for forming a dissimilar metal laminated structure where, since, e.g., cracks are generated or intermetallic compounds are formed, in the case a combination between dissimilar metals hard to be melt-joined is laminated, their melt-joining is made possible.SOLUTION: Provided is a method for forming a dissimilar metal laminated structure comprising a dissimilar metal layer formation process where dissimilar metal layers 21 to 23 in which the first bead zones C1 formed from the first metal material A and the second bead zones c2 formed from the second metal material B are alternately arranged are formed, by repeating the dissimilar metal layer formation processes, a dissimilar metal laminated layer structure 1 where a plurality of the dissimilar metal layers 21 to 23 are successively laminated is formed. The first dissimilar metal layer formation process in the lamination order is practiced in such a manner that the width of the first bead zones C1 is made smaller than the width of the second bead zones c2, and the metal layer formation processes on and after the second in the lamination order are practiced in such a manner that the width of the second bead zones C2 is made small in order, and further, the width of the first bead zones C1 is made high in order.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure in which, for example, a combination of dissimilar metals is laminated.

  Conventionally, fusion welding such as arc welding, laser welding, resistance welding or the like has been used as a method of joining different kinds of metals or coating the surface of a metal base material with a different type of metal material from the metal base material. .

  Patent Document 1 describes a method of forming a gradient functional part in the boundary layer between the metal base material and the vicinity thereof when the surface of the metal base material is coated with a metal material different from the metal base material. . The gradient functional part is a part where the structure of the metal base material and the structure of the coating layer are diffused to each other, and the distribution of both changes continuously from the metal base material side to the coating layer side.

Japanese Patent No. 2982355

By the way, when aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) or the like are combined, a brittle reaction layer (intermetallic compound) is generated at the joint interface, and at the same time, physical properties such as a linear expansion coefficient are greatly different. As a result, the thermal stress generated at the joint interface increases, cracks are generated, and the interface is easily broken, making it difficult to perform fusion welding.
There is also a mechanical joining method or a method of joining dissimilar metals using an adhesive. However, the mechanical joining method has a problem of weight increase, and the method using an adhesive has a problem of insufficient strength.

  The present invention provides a method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure that enables fusion bonding in the case of stacking a combination of dissimilar metals that are difficult to melt-bond because cracks occur or intermetallic compounds are generated. With the goal.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method includes a first bead band formed from the first metal material by supplying a powder of the first metal material; A dissimilar metal layer forming step of forming a dissimilar metal layer in which second bead bands formed from the second metal material are alternately arranged by supplying a powder of the metal material A dissimilar metal layered structure forming method for forming a dissimilar metal layered structure in which a plurality of dissimilar metal layers are sequentially stacked by repeating a forming step, wherein the dissimilar metal layer forming step in the first stacking order includes The width of the first bead band is made smaller than the width of the second bead band, and the dissimilar metal layer forming step after the second in the stacking order is increased in the stacking order. Of the second bead zone There the width of the first bead zone is executed as increased sequentially with gradually decrease.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to form a metal laminated structure with low heat input by repeating the process of forming fine beads using metal powder to form the dissimilar metal layer.
Further, by forming a metal laminated structure in which dissimilar metal layers are sequentially laminated by repeating low heat input bead formation, it becomes possible to join materials difficult to join by welding. That is, the required strength can be ensured even in the case of stacking a combination of metals such that a fragile intermetallic compound is produced by mixing each other.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of first bead portions formed from the first metal material by supplying powder of the first metal material and arranged in a staggered pattern or a grid pattern. And a dissimilar metal layer formed from the second metal material by supplying a powder of the second metal material and arranged in a range excluding the plurality of first bead portions A dissimilar metal layered structure forming method comprising: forming a dissimilar metal layered structure in which a plurality of dissimilar metal layer layers are sequentially stacked by repeating the dissimilar metal layer forming step. The first dissimilar metal layer forming step in the order is executed so that the area of the first bead portion is smaller than the area of the second bead portion, and the second and subsequent steps in the stacking order The dissimilar metal layer forming step, As layer sequence is increased, the area of the first bead portion is performed such that sequentially increases with the area of the second bead portion gradually decrease.

  According to such a configuration, the planar bonding strength can be made more uniform.

  According to the present invention, the necessary strength can be ensured even in the case of stacking a combination of metals such that a fragile intermetallic compound is produced by mixing with each other.

It is the schematic seen from the side of the dissimilar metal layer combination of the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart of the dissimilar metal layer combination formation method of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 2nd metal part formation process of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 1st different metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 2nd different metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 3rd dissimilar metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 1st different metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 2nd different metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic seen from the side which shows the 3rd dissimilar-metal layer formation process of the lamination | stacking order of 2nd embodiment of this invention.

[First embodiment]
Hereinafter, a dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The dissimilar metal laminated structure forming method of the present embodiment forms a dissimilar metal joined body in which dissimilar metals such as a first metal material (eg, aluminum) and a second metal material (eg, iron) are joined together. Used for.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dissimilar metal joined body 10 of the present embodiment has a first metal material A and a second metal on a surface 12 a of a second metal portion 12 formed of the second metal material B. After the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1 made of the material B is formed, the first metal portion 11 formed of the first metal material A is formed on the surface 1a of the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1.

The dissimilar metal laminated structure 1 has a gradient function in which the distribution of both is continuously changed so that the amount of the first metal material A gradually increases from the second metal part 12 side toward the first metal part 11 side. Part.
Specifically, in the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1, the second metal material B has a triangular wave shape when viewed from the side. In the dissimilar metal laminated structure 1, since the second metal material B has a triangular wave shape, the second metal material B gradually increases from the second metal part 12 side toward the first metal part 11 side. Less.
In the dissimilar metal laminated structure 1, the first metal material A is disposed so as to fill a gap between adjacent peaks of the second metal material B having a triangular wave shape.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the dissimilar metal joined body forming method, the second metal part forming step P <b> 1 for forming the second metal part 12 is formed from the first metal material A on the surface 12 a of the second metal part 12. Dissimilar metal layer forming step P2, P3 for forming dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, 23 in which the first bead belt C1 and the second bead belt C2 formed from the second metal material B are alternately arranged , P4, and the first metal portion forming the first metal portion 11 formed of the first metal material A on the surface 1a of the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1 formed through a plurality of dissimilar metal layer forming steps. Process P5.
The bead belt is formed by one or more beads. In other words, the bead band is formed by one or more passes (welding operation).

As shown in FIG. 3, the second metal part forming step P <b> 1 is a process of forming the second metal part 12 formed of the second metal material B. In the second metal part forming step P1, the second metal material B is laminated using an LMD (Laser Metal Deposition, hereinafter referred to as LMD) apparatus 30.
Specifically, a bead 34 extending in one direction is formed while moving the LMD device 30 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. By forming the bead 34 without a gap, a surface formed of the second metal material B is formed. Furthermore, the 2nd metal part 12 is formed by laminating | stacking the surface formed with the 2nd metal material B. FIG.

  The LMD apparatus 30 is an apparatus that forms a bead made of a metal material using laser metal deposition. LMD is a method in which a workpiece is irradiated with a laser, and metal powder is sprayed onto the irradiated region, whereby the powder is melted and built up with the laser.

The LMD device 30 has an irradiation port for irradiating a laser beam 31, an injection port for injecting powder 32, and a supply port for supplying a shield gas 33. The laser beam 31 imparts energy to melt the powder 32 and the workpiece to the powder 32 and the workpiece. Powder is a raw material for forming beads. The shield gas 33 is an inert gas supplied in order to suppress bead oxidation.
The LMD device 30 is attached to a moving device (not shown). The moving device is constituted by, for example, a manipulator, and moves the LMD device 30.

In 2nd metal part formation process P1, it is not restricted to the LMD apparatus 30, The apparatus which can laminate | stack a metal material can be used.
As a device capable of laminating a metal material, a device capable of continuously arranging linear metals, for example, a welding robot or a metal 3D (three-dimensional) printer can be employed. When the second metal part 12 is formed by welding, a welding method such as arc welding can be used as appropriate. In the second metal part forming step P1, for example, the second metal part 12 may be formed by casting, or a plate formed of the second metal material B may be prepared.
The surface of the second metal portion 12 on which the dissimilar metal laminated structure 1 is formed may be a flat surface, a curved surface or a spherical surface.

  As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the dissimilar metal layer forming steps P <b> 2, P <b> 3, and P <b> 4 are formed from the first metal material A by supplying the powder of the first metal material A. Dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, in which one bead band C1 and second bead bands C2 formed from the second metal material B by supplying powder of the second metal material B are alternately arranged 23 is a step of forming 23.

The dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, and 23 formed by the dissimilar metal layer forming steps P2, P3, and P4 of the present embodiment include a belt-like first bead belt C1 and a belt-like second bead belt in a plan view. C2 are alternately arranged in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the bead band.
The dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method of this embodiment forms a dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1 in which a plurality of dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, and 23 are sequentially stacked by repeating the dissimilar metal layer formation step three times.

As shown in FIG. 4, the first metal layer 21 is formed on the surface 12 a of the second metal portion 12 by the first dissimilar metal layer forming step P <b> 2 in the stacking order. The first metal layer 21 includes a width W11 of the first bead band C11 formed of the first metal material A and a width W21 of the second bead band C21 formed of the second metal material B. The ratio W11: W21 is formed to be W11: W21 = 1: 3. The ratio W11: W21 is not limited to this, and the width W11 of the first bead band C11 may be smaller than the width W21 of the second bead band C21 (W11 <W21 may be satisfied).
Moreover, it is preferable that the 1st bead belt | band | zone C11 is formed with the single bead. That is, it is preferable that the first bead band C11 is formed by one pass.

The height H of the dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, 23 is preferably about 1 mm or less, for example.
Moreover, it is preferable that the dilution rate with respect to a base material shall be 1% or less. That is, it is preferable to make the ratio of the intermetallic compound composed of the first metal material A and the second metal material B as low as possible. In the dissimilar metal layer forming steps P2, P3, and P4 of this embodiment, since beads are formed using LMD, the amount of intermetallic compound is limited as compared with other welding methods.

As shown in FIG. 5, the second metal layer 22 is formed on the surface 21 a of the first metal layer 21 by the second dissimilar metal layer forming step P <b> 3 in the stacking order. The second metal layer 22 includes a width W12 of the first bead band C12 formed by the first metal material A and a width W22 of the second bead band C22 formed by the second metal material B. The ratio W12: W22 is formed to be W12: W22 = 1: 1.
The first bead band C12 of the second metal layer 22 is formed so that the center position of the first bead band C11 of the first metal layer 21 in the width direction (the left-right method in FIG. 5) coincides. Similarly, the second bead band C22 of the second metal layer 22 is formed so that the center position in the width direction coincides with the second bead band C21 of the first metal layer 21.

  The ratio W12: W22 is not limited to this, and the width W22 of the second bead band C22 of the second metal layer 22 is equal to the width W21 of the second bead band C21 of the first metal layer 21 (see FIG. 4). ) And the width W12 of the first bead band C12 of the second metal layer 22 is larger than the width W11 of the first bead band C11 of the first metal layer 21.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the third metal layer 23 is formed by the third dissimilar metal layer forming step P4 in the stacking order. The third metal layer 23 is formed such that the ratio W13: W23 of the width W13 of the first bead band C13 and the width W23 of the second bead band C23 is W13: W23 = 3: 1. The ratio W13: W23 is not limited to this, the width W23 of the second bead band C23 of the third metal layer 23 is smaller than the width W22 of the second bead band C22 of the second metal layer 22, The width W13 of the first bead band C13 of the third metal layer 23 only needs to be larger than the width W12 of the first bead band C12 of the second metal layer 22.

  In this way, in the second and subsequent dissimilar metal layer forming steps P3 and P4 in the stacking order, as the stacking order increases, the width of the second bead band C2 gradually decreases and the width of the first bead band C1. Is performed in order to gradually increase the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1. In the dissimilar metal laminated structure 1, the amount of the first metal material A gradually increases and the amount of the second metal material B gradually decreases from the second metal portion 12 side toward the first metal portion 11 side. It is formed as follows.

  In the subsequent first metal part forming step P5, the first metal part 11 is formed by the same method as in the second metal part forming step P1. Thereby, the dissimilar metal joined body 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is completed.

  According to such a configuration, the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1 can be formed with low heat input by repeating the process of forming fine beads using powder to form the dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, and 23. It becomes. Further, by forming the dissimilar metal laminated structure 1 in which the dissimilar metal layers 21, 22, and 23 are sequentially laminated by repeating the low heat input bead formation, it becomes possible to join materials difficult to join by welding. . That is, the required strength can be ensured even in the case of stacking a combination of metals such that a fragile intermetallic compound is produced by mixing each other.

  In the above embodiment, the extending direction of the bead bands C1 and C2 in the first metal layer 21 and the extending direction of the bead bands C1 and C2 in the second metal layer 22 coincide with each other. There is no limit. For example, the extending direction of the bead bands C1 and C2 in the first metal layer 21 and the extending direction of the bead bands C1 and C2 in the second metal layer 22 may be crossed (for example, orthogonal).

Moreover, you may form a bead not a linear form but a wave form. In other words, a plurality of bead surfaces may be formed by forming wavy beads without gaps.
In the above-described embodiment, the different metal layer forming process is performed in three stages. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of stages may be increased.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, differences from the first embodiment described above will be mainly described, and description of similar parts will be omitted.
In the dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method of the present embodiment, the dissimilar metal layer pattern formed in the plurality of dissimilar metal layer forming steps for forming the dissimilar metal multilayer structure 1 is the same as the dissimilar metal layer forming step of the first embodiment. Different from the pattern of the dissimilar metal layer to be formed.

The dissimilar metal layer formed by the dissimilar metal layer forming step of the present embodiment is disposed in a range excluding the plurality of first bead portions D1 disposed in a grid pattern and the plurality of first bead portions D1. The second bead portion D2.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the first metal layer 21B formed by the first dissimilar metal layer forming step P2 in the stacking order. The first metal layer 21 </ b> B is formed on the surface 12 a (see FIG. 4) of the second metal portion 12, similarly to the dissimilar metal multilayer structure forming method of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the first metal layer 21 </ b> B includes a plurality of first bead portions D <b> 11 arranged in a grid pattern and a second portion arranged in a range excluding the plurality of first bead portions D <b> 11. It consists of a bead part D21.

  The first metal layer 21 is formed by the first metal layer forming step P2 in the stacking order. The first metal layer 21 includes a total area S11 of a plurality of first bead portions D11 formed of the first metal material A and an area of the second bead portion D21 formed of the second metal material B. The ratio S11: S21 with S21 is formed so that S11: S21 = 1: 10. The ratio S11: S21 is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the area S11 of the first bead part D11 is smaller than the area S21 of the second bead part D21.

As shown in FIG. 8, the second metal layer 22B is formed by the second metal layer forming step P3 in the stacking order. The second metal layer 22B includes an area S12 of the first bead portion D12 formed of the first metal material A and an area S22 of the second bead portion D22 formed of the second metal material B. The ratio S12: S22 is formed so that S12: S22 = 1: 1.
The first bead portion D12 of the second metal layer 22 is formed so that the center position coincides with the first bead portion D12 (see FIG. 7) of the first metal layer 21.
The ratio S12: S22 is not limited to this, and the area W22 of the second bead portion D22 of the second metal layer 22 is smaller than the area S21 of the second bead portion D21 of the first metal layer 21, And the area S12 of the 1st bead part D12 of the 2nd metal layer 22 should just be larger than the area S11 of the 1st bead part D11 of the 1st metal layer 21. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9, the third metal layer 23B is formed by the third metal layer forming step P4 in the stacking order. The third metal layer 23B is formed such that the ratio S13: S23 between the area S13 of the first bead portion D13 and the area S23 of the second bead portion D23 is S13: S23 = 10: 1.
The ratio W13: W23 is not limited to this, and the area W23 of the second bead portion D23 of the third metal layer 23 is smaller than the area S22 of the second bead portion D22 of the second metal layer 22, And the area S13 of the 1st bead part D13 of the 3rd metal layer 23 should just be larger than the area S12 of the 1st bead part D12 of the 2nd metal layer 22. FIG.

  According to the said embodiment, as it goes to the 1st metal part 11 side from the 2nd metal part 12 side, the gradient function which both distribution changes continuously so that the quantity of the 1st metal material A may increase gradually. The parts are arranged in a grid pattern. Thereby, planar joining strength can be made more uniform.

  In addition, the arrangement | positioning method of the 1st bead part D1 in dissimilar-metal layer formation process P2, P3, P4 will not be restricted to a grid shape if the 1st bead part D1 is arrange | positioned equally planarly. Absent. For example, the first bead portions D1 may be arranged in a staggered manner.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but various modifications can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the first metal material is aluminum and the second metal material is iron. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, two kinds of metals suitable for welding between different metals are used. May be.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dissimilar-metal laminated structure 10 Dissimilar-metal joined body 11 1st metal part 12 2nd metal part 21 1st metal layer (dissimilar metal layer)
22 Second metal layer (dissimilar metal layer)
23 Third metal layer (dissimilar metal layer)
30 LMD device A 1st metal material B 2nd metal material C1, C2 bead belt D1, D2 bead part

Claims (2)

A first bead band formed from the first metal material by supplying a powder of the first metal material, and a second bead material formed by supplying a powder of the second metal material. A dissimilar metal in which a plurality of dissimilar metal layers are sequentially stacked by repeating the dissimilar metal layer forming step. A method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure for forming a laminate structure,
The first dissimilar metal layer forming step in the stacking order is performed such that the width of the first bead band is smaller than the width of the second bead band,
In the dissimilar metal layer forming step after the second in the stacking order, as the stacking order increases, the width of the second bead band gradually decreases and the width of the first bead band gradually increases. The method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure performed as described above. By supplying powder of the first metal material, a plurality of first bead portions formed from the first metal material and arranged in a staggered pattern or a grid pattern and a powder of the second metal material are supplied. A dissimilar metal layer forming step of forming a dissimilar metal layer formed of the second metal material and formed of a second bead portion disposed in a range excluding the plurality of first bead portions, A dissimilar metal laminate structure forming method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure in which a plurality of dissimilar metal layers are sequentially laminated by repeating the dissimilar metal layer forming step,
The first dissimilar metal layer forming step in the stacking order is performed such that the area of the first bead part is smaller than the area of the second bead part,
In the dissimilar metal layer forming step after the second in the stacking sequence, as the stacking sequence increases, the area of the second bead portion is gradually decreased and the area of the first bead portion is sequentially increased. The method for forming a dissimilar metal laminate structure performed as described above

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