JP2017209612A - Ballast water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ballast water treatment apparatus in which clogging of a filter can be effectively resolved.SOLUTION: The ballast water treatment apparatus comprises: a filter 52 which filters ballast water W1; a drainage line L32 which is provided in such a manner that one end thereof is communicated with a primary side of the filter 52 and the other end is communicated with the outside of a ship, and causes ballast water W11 to flow from the secondary side toward the primary side of the filter 52 as back washing of the filter 52; a drainage water flow rate adjustment part V33 which adjusts a flow rate of drainage water flowing in the drainage line L32; a differential pressure detection part 8 which detects a differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52; and a control part 9 which controls the drainage water flow rate adjustment part V33 so as to increase a drainage water flow rate from a normal flow rate to a first flow rate when a detection differential pressure ΔP detected by the differential pressure detection part 8 exceeds a first reference differential pressure Pt1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a ballast water treatment apparatus including a filter for filtering ballast water.

  Conventionally, in a ship such as a tanker, when navigating to the destination again after unloading the crude oil etc. of the cargo, in order to balance the navigating ship, in general, in the ballast tank provided in the ship Stores water called ballast water. Ballast water is basically taken at the loading port and discharged at the loading port. Therefore, if they are different, plankton and bacterial microorganisms contained in the ballast water will move around the world. Therefore, if ballast water is discharged from a loading port in a sea area different from the cargo port, microorganisms in another sea area will be released to that port, which may destroy the ecosystem in that sea area.

  In order to reduce the content of microorganisms contained in ballast water, a ballast water treatment apparatus including a filter for filtering ballast water is used. Since the filter of the ballast water treatment apparatus requires a high level of microorganism removal performance, a filter body made of a fine mesh screen or the like is required. For this reason, clogging is severe and constant filter cleaning is important.

  As a method for cleaning the filter, reverse cleaning is known in which treated water flows from the secondary side of the filter toward the primary side. The water mixed with the filtrate by the reverse cleaning is sucked and discharged by a suction nozzle provided in the filter (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Special table 2008-507391

  In the ballast water treatment apparatus having such a configuration, it is desired that clogging of the filter can be effectively eliminated by effectively performing reverse cleaning of the filter.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a ballast water treatment apparatus including a filter for filtering ballast water, which can effectively eliminate clogging of the filter by effectively performing backwashing of the filter. To do.

  The present invention provides a filter for filtering ballast water, a pump for pressurizing ballast water so that ballast water flows from the primary side to the secondary side of the filter, and one end of the filter provided on the primary side of the filter. A drain line that circulates ballast water from the secondary side of the filter toward the primary side, and the drain line. Detected by a drainage flow rate adjustment unit that adjusts a drainage flow rate that is a flow rate of the ballast water that circulates, a differential pressure detection unit that detects a differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter, and the differential pressure detection unit A ballast water treatment comprising: a control unit that controls the drainage flow rate adjusting unit so that the drainage flow rate is increased from the normal flow rate to the first flow rate when the detected differential pressure that is the differential pressure exceeds the first reference differential pressure. Equipment To.

  In addition, after the drainage flow rate is increased to the first flow rate, the control unit reduces the drainage flow rate to the normal flow rate when the detected differential pressure falls below the second reference differential pressure that is smaller than the first reference differential pressure. It is preferable to control the drainage flow rate adjusting unit.

  The control unit further includes an injection nozzle that injects backwash water toward the secondary side of the filter in a state where ballast water is present on the primary side of the filter, and the control unit has a detected differential pressure that is a first reference difference. When the pressure exceeds a third reference differential pressure that is greater than the pressure, it is preferable to control the spray nozzle so as to spray backwash water.

  In addition, the control unit controls the drainage flow rate adjusting unit to increase the drainage flow rate to the first flow rate for a second time (30 seconds to 60 seconds) at a first time interval (1 hour to 3 hours). It is preferable.

  According to the present invention, in a ballast water treatment apparatus including a filter for filtering ballast water, it is possible to provide a ballast water treatment apparatus that can effectively eliminate clogging of the filter by effectively performing backwashing of the filter. it can.

It is a flowchart which shows the ballast water treatment apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control which concerns on the back washing | cleaning of the ballast water treatment apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the ballast water treatment apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

<First Embodiment>
1st Embodiment of the ballast water treatment apparatus of this invention is described, referring drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a ballast water treatment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ballast water treatment device 1 includes a ballast water filtration device 2, an ultraviolet reactor 61, backwash water supply means 7, and a control unit 9. The control unit 9 is connected to each device by a signal line (not shown) so as to control each device to be controlled. A ballast tank 62 and a clean water tank 65 are connected to the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 as external configurations.

  The ballast water treatment apparatus 1 is configured as a line through which ballast water circulates as a line L1, a line L2, a line L11, a line L12, a line L21, a line L23, a line L24, a line L31, and a drainage line. Line L32. “Line” is a general term for lines capable of flowing fluid such as flow paths, paths, and pipelines.

  The ballast water filtration device 2 includes a casing 51, a filter 52, a filter rotating means 3, a suction nozzle 4 as a nozzle portion, a first injection nozzle 6 as an injection nozzle, a second injection nozzle 40, and drainage discharge. Means 5 and a differential pressure detector 8 are provided.

  The casing 51 has a cylindrical shape and houses the filter 52 therein. The filter 52 has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and filters the water to be treated (ballast water) W1 (mainly seawater) that has flowed into the filter 52 so as to flow out to the outside as ballast water (filtered water) W2. The filter rotating means 3 rotates the filter 52 around its axis. The suction nozzle 4 is provided on the primary side of the filter 52 and opens toward the inner peripheral surface of the filter 52.

  The first injection nozzle 6 is provided on the secondary side of the filter 52 and injects backwash water (first backwash water) toward the outer peripheral surface of the filter 52 during the ballast water treatment operation. The injection of the first backwash water W2 from the first injection nozzle 6 is performed in a state where the ballast water (W2, W1) is present (filled) in the casing 51 and the filter 52 (underwater injection backwash).

  The second injection nozzle 40 is provided on the secondary side of the filter 52 separately from the first injection nozzle 6, and injects backwash water (second backwash water) toward the outer peripheral surface of the filter 52. The second backwash water W5 is jetted from the second jet nozzle 40 in a state where the ballast water (W2, W1) is not substantially present in the casing 51 and the filter 52 (second reverse jet from the second jet nozzle 40). Washing W5 is performed (in a state where the water W5 directly hits the filter 52 (not underwater)) (space washing).

The drainage discharge means 5 discharges the ballast water sucked by the suction nozzle 4 (this ballast water is also referred to as “drainage W11”) from the inside of the casing 51 to the outside.
The differential pressure detection unit 8 detects a differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52.
Based on the differential pressure or the like detected by the differential pressure detector 8, the control unit 9 determines whether or not the backwash water is jetted, switches between the first jet nozzle 6 and the second jet nozzle 40, and when the backwash water is jetted. To control the injection pressure and the like.
Details of the ballast water filtration device 2 will be described later.

The ultraviolet reactor 61 irradiates the ballast water (filtered water) W2 filtered by the filter 52 of the ballast water filtration device 2 with ultraviolet rays.
The ballast tank 62 stores ballast water (filtered water) W2 that has been irradiated with ultraviolet rays by the ultraviolet reactor 61 as stored treated water W3.
The ultraviolet reactor 61 irradiates the stored treated water W3 with ultraviolet rays when discharging the ballast water (stored treated water) W3 stored in the ballast tank 62 to the outside of the ship.
The clean water tank 65 stores clean water W5 prepared separately from the ballast water.

  The “ballast water” is discharged before being introduced (inflow) into the ballast tank 62 or after being discharged (outflow) from the ballast tank 62, and before being introduced (inflow) into the filter 52 or discharged from the filter 52. Regardless of whether it has been (outflowed) or not, it is expressed as “ballast water” regardless of whether it has been introduced (inflowed) into the ultraviolet reactor 61 or discharged (outflowed) from the ultraviolet reactor 61. Further, “ballast water” is appropriately expressed as “treated water”, “filtered water”, “reserved treated water”, “drainage”, etc. depending on the situation. Ballast water includes seawater, fresh water, and brackish water.

Next, each line will be described in detail.
In the line L1, ballast water W1 (mainly seawater) is introduced from one end, and the other end is connected to the introduction port 20 of the ballast water filtration device 2. The line L1 is a line through which the ballast water W1 flows toward the introduction port 20 of the ballast water filtration device 2. In the line L1, a pump P1 and a valve V1 are arranged in this order.
One end of the line L2 is connected between the pump P1 of the line L1 and the introduction port 20, and the other end is opened to the outside. A valve V2 is disposed in the line L2. The line L2 is used when the water (ballast water W1) in the filter 52 is discharged.

  One end of the line L11 is connected to the outlet 26 of the ballast water filtration device 2, and the other end is connected to the ballast tank 62. The line L <b> 11 is a line through which the ballast water W <b> 2 filtered by the ballast water filtration device 2 flows toward the ballast tank 62. In the line L11, the bulb V11, the ultraviolet reactor 61, and the bulb V12 are arranged in this order.

  One end of the line L12 is connected between the bulb V11 of the line L11 and the ultraviolet reactor 61, and the other end is opened to the outside. The line L12 is a line for discharging the ballast water W3 to the outside. In the line L12, the valve V13 and the pump P11 are arranged in this order.

One end of the line L21 is connected between the outlet 26 of the ballast water filtration device 2 and the valve V11 of the line L11, and the other end is connected to the first injection nozzle 6. In the line L21, a valve V21, a prefilter 31, a pump P21, and a valve V22 are arranged in this order. More specifically, the other end portion side of the line L <b> 21 is branched into a plurality of lines, and each is connected to the first injection nozzle 6. And the valve | bulb V22 is each arrange | positioned in the part which branched in the line L21. In the line L <b> 21, the first backwash water W <b> 2 flows toward the first injection nozzle 6.
The prefilter 31 performs simple filtration on the water flowing through the line L21 (that is, the first backwash water W2). The pump P21 pressurizes water flowing through the line L21. Thereby, the high-pressure first backwash water W <b> 2 is injected into the casing 51 and the filter 52.

  One end of the line L23 is connected between the pump P21 and the valve V22 in the line L21, and the other end is connected to the second injection nozzle 40. In the line L23, the second backwash water W5 flows toward the second injection nozzle 40. A valve V23 is disposed in the line L23.

  One end of the line L24 is connected to the clean water tank 65, and the other end is connected between the pre-filter 31 and the pump P21 in the line L21. In the line L24, the clean water W5 stored in the clean water tank 65 flows toward the line L21 as backwash water.

  The line L31 has one end connected to the upper part of the ballast water filtration device 2 and the other end open to the outside. A valve V31 is disposed in the line L31. Line L31 discharges the air inside ballast water filtration device 2 to the outside.

  The line L32 constitutes a part of the drainage discharge means 5, one end is connected to a later-described discharge pipe 29, and the other end is opened to the outside (outboard). In the line L32, a valve V32, a flow meter 32, a valve V34, and a valve V33 are arranged in this order.

  Next, the detail of the ballast water filtration apparatus 2 is demonstrated. As described above, the ballast water filtration device 2 includes the casing 51, the filter 52, the filter rotating means 3, the suction nozzle 4, the first injection nozzle 6, the second injection nozzle 40, and the drainage discharge means 5. And a differential pressure detection unit 8.

  The casing 51 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an upper opening and a lower opening. The upper opening is sealed with the lid 10 and the lower opening is sealed with the bottom 11. A line L31 is connected to the lid 10.

  The filter 52 is formed in a cylindrical shape smaller than the casing 51 having an upper opening and a lower opening. A treated water outflow space 27 is formed between the casing 51 and the filter 52. The upper opening is sealed with an upper closing portion 13. The lower opening is sealed by a lower closing portion 14 and a lower rotating shaft member 16 described later.

  The filter rotating means 3 includes an upper rotating shaft member 15, a lower rotating shaft member 16, and a motor 17 that rotates the upper rotating shaft member 15. The upper rotary shaft member 15 is provided so as to protrude upward in the axial direction at the axial center position of the filter 52 in the upper closing portion 13 of the filter 52. The lower rotary shaft member 16 is provided at the axial center position of the filter 52 in the lower closing portion 14 of the filter 52 so as to protrude downward in the axial direction.

  The upper rotary shaft member 15 is rotatably and liquid-tightly supported by the lid portion 10 through a bearing member 18 that passes through and is sealed through the lid portion 10 of the casing 51. The lower rotary shaft member 16 is rotatably and liquid-tightly supported on the bottom portion 11 through a bearing member 19 that passes through the bottom portion 11 of the casing 51 and is sealed. The lower rotary shaft member 16 is a tubular body that communicates with the inside of the filter 52, and protrudes from the bottom 11 of the casing 51 to the outside of the casing 51. An inlet 20 to the casing 51 is connected to the lower rotary shaft member 16.

A line L1 is connected to the introduction port 20. An outlet 26 is provided on the side of the casing 51. A line L11 is connected to the outlet 26.
Ballast water W <b> 1 flowing through line L <b> 1 and introduced from inlet 20 passes through lower rotary shaft member 16 and enters the inside of filter 52. The ballast water W1 passes through the filter 52, is filtered, enters the treated water outflow space 27 formed between the casing 51 and the filter 52, and flows out from the outlet 26.

  The drainage discharge means 5 includes a collecting pipe 28, a discharge pipe 29, a valve V32, a line L32, a flow meter 32, a valve V34, and a valve V33. The collecting pipe 28 is connected to the suction nozzle 4. The drainage water W11 sucked by the suction nozzle 4 collects in the collecting pipe 28. The discharge pipe 29 is connected to the lower end portion of the collecting pipe 28 and discharges the waste water W11 to the outside. The valve V <b> 32 is disposed at the downstream end of the discharge pipe 29.

The upper end portion of the collecting pipe 28 is closed and the lower end portion is opened. The collecting pipe 28 is disposed at a position that coincides with the axis of the filter 52. The upper end portion of the collecting pipe 28 is supported by being fitted into a hole provided in the center of the upper closing portion 13 of the filter 52. The lower end of the collecting pipe 28 is connected to the upper end (one end) of the discharge pipe 29.
The discharge pipe 29 passes through the inside of the lower rotary shaft member 16 of the lower closing portion 14 of the filter 52 so as not to hinder the rotation of the filter 52, and is fixed to and supported by the introduction port 20 of the casing 51.

The flow meter 32 detects the flow rate of the waste water W11 flowing through the line L32. The valve V34 is configured by, for example, a manual adjustment valve, and adjusts the maximum flow rate of the waste water W11 flowing through the line L32. The valve V34 may be configured by an orifice.
The valve V33 is configured by a motor valve in the present embodiment, and the opening degree can be adjusted by the control of the control unit 9. The valve V33 functions as a drainage flow rate adjusting unit that adjusts the flow rate (drainage flow rate) of the wastewater W11 flowing through the line L32.

The opening degree of the valve V33 is subjected to feedback control (for example, PID control) based on, for example, a detected differential pressure ΔP that is a differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector 8. The opening rate of the valve V33 determines a blow rate [amount of drainage W11 / (amount of filtered water W2 + amount of drainage W11)].
The valve V33 is not limited as long as it can function as a drainage flow rate adjusting unit, and may be, for example, a valve in an open state (for example, a butterfly valve). Also, two valves (valve A, valve B) are arranged in parallel, valve A is opened, valve B is closed, a small flow rate state is formed, and both valve A and valve B are opened, A large flow rate state may be formed.

  The suction nozzle 4 is connected to the collecting pipe 28 and opens toward the inner peripheral surface of the filter 52. The suction nozzle 4 is preferably capable of sucking from the entire axial direction of the filter 52. The configuration of the suction nozzle 4 is not particularly limited. For example, the plurality of suction nozzles 4 may be arranged linearly in the axial direction of the filter 52, or may be arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction. The plurality of suction nozzles 4 arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction may be arranged at the same height, or may be arranged at different heights.

  In the present embodiment, the plurality of suction nozzles 4 are arranged in a straight line in the axial direction (vertical direction) of the filter 52 and are connected to the collecting pipe 28. Further, the plurality of suction nozzles 4 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the filter 52. Furthermore, the opening of the suction nozzle 4 that opens toward the filter 52 at a position facing the inner peripheral surface of the filter 52 is slidably in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the filter 52.

  In order to eliminate unsucked portions between the plurality of suction nozzles 4 arranged in the vertical direction, the plurality of suction nozzles 4 are alternately arranged in the height direction on the left and right sides of the collecting pipe 28 as shown in FIG. Is arranged. Therefore, suction from the entire inner peripheral surface of the filter 52 can be performed by one rotation of the filter 52. As another example of arranging the plurality of suction nozzles 4 at different heights in the axial direction of the filter 52, there are unsucked portions between the suction nozzles 4 in the axial direction of the filter 52. You may arrange | position helically at the space | interval which does not.

  The first injection nozzle 6 is provided on the side of the casing 51 and opens toward the inside of the casing 51. It is preferable that the first spray nozzle 6 can spray the first backwash water over the entire axial direction of the filter 52. The configuration of the first injection nozzle 6 is not particularly limited. For example, the plurality of first injection nozzles 6 may be arranged linearly in the axial direction of the filter 52, or may be arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction. A plurality of the first injection nozzles 6 arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction may be arranged at the same height, or may be arranged at different heights.

  The backwashing water supply means 7 pressurizes the filtered water W2 filtered by the filter 52 during the ballast water treatment operation, and supplies the pressurized water W1 to the first injection nozzle 6 as the first backwashing water W2. Further, the backwash water supply means 7 pressurizes the clean water W5 stored in the clean water tank 65 and supplies it to the second injection nozzle 40 as the second backwash water W5. The backwash water supply means 7 includes a pump P21, a valve V21, a valve V22, a valve V23, a valve V24, and the like.

According to the suction nozzle 4, the drainage discharge means 5, the first injection nozzle 6 and the backwash water supply means 7, the foreign matter accumulated on the primary side of the peeled filter 52 is sucked from the suction nozzle 4 and sucked. The foreign matter thus circulated flows inside the collecting pipe 28 and is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 29 and the line L32. Further, the first injection nozzle 6 injects the first backwash water W2 supplied from the backwash water supply means 7 to the outer peripheral surface (secondary side) of the filter 52, and deposits on the primary side of the filter 52. Strongly peel off.
The suction of the foreign matter from the suction nozzle 4 is performed when the pressure inside the suction nozzle 4 becomes lower than the pressure outside the suction nozzle 4 (secondary side of the filter 52). That is, by opening the valve V32 and the valve V33 of the drainage discharge means 5, the secondary side of the valve V32 is opened to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the collecting pipe 28 becomes lower than the pressure on the secondary side of the filter 52. . As a result, a part of the filtered water W2 on the secondary side of the filter 52 and the first backwash water W2 sprayed from the first spray nozzle 6 become the drainage W11 and circulate inside the collecting pipe 28 to be discharged. It is discharged to the outside through the pipe 29 and the line L32.

  The differential pressure detection unit 8 detects a differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52. The differential pressure detection unit 8 includes a primary side pressure sensor 37 disposed inside the filter 52 and a secondary side pressure sensor 38 disposed in the treated water outflow space 27. The differential pressure detection unit 8 detects the pressure on the primary side of the filter 52 with the primary side pressure sensor 37, detects the pressure on the secondary side of the filter 52 with the secondary side pressure sensor 38, and Detects the differential pressure with the secondary side. Based on the differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52, the degree of contamination of the filter 52 can be determined. When the differential pressure is large, it indicates that the amount of foreign matter accumulated on the filter 52 is large, and when the differential pressure is small, the filter 52 is in a state close to the initial state (state where the amount of foreign matter accumulated is small). It is shown that.

The second injection nozzle 40 is provided on the side of the casing 51 and opens toward the inside of the casing 51. It is preferable that the 2nd injection nozzle 40 can inject the 2nd backwash water in the whole axial direction area of the filter 52. The configuration of the second injection nozzle 40 is not particularly limited. For example, the plurality of second injection nozzles 40 may be arranged linearly in the axial direction of the filter 52, or may be arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction. A plurality of the second injection nozzles 40 arranged at different angles in the circumferential direction may be arranged at the same height, or may be arranged at different heights.
As the 2nd backwash water supplied to the 2nd injection nozzle 40, the clean water W5 stored by the clean water tank 65 is used in this embodiment.

  After the ballast water treatment operation is completed, the second injection nozzle 40 is in a state in which water inside the casing 51 is discharged (a state in which the ballast water W1 does not substantially exist inside the filter 52), and the outer peripheral surface of the filter 52 The second backwash water W5 is sprayed on the (secondary side), and the foreign matter accumulated on the inner peripheral surface (primary side) of the filter 52 is peeled off. That is, the second backwash water W5 is sprayed from the second spray nozzle 40 onto the outer peripheral surface of the rotating filter 52 in a state where the ballast water W1 is not substantially present inside the filter 52.

  The control unit 9 controls the operation of the ballast water treatment apparatus 1. In this embodiment, in the ballast water treatment apparatus 1, (1) filtration treatment of the water to be treated W1, (2) back washing treatment of the filter 52 by the first injection nozzle 6 (in-water jet back washing), (3) second The back washing process (space washing) of the filter 52 by the injection nozzle 40 and (4) the waste water treatment of the stored treated water W3 from the ballast tank 62 to the outside are performed.

  Here, in 1st Embodiment, the control part 9 is the state which is performing the "(1) Filtration process of the to-be-processed water W1," based on the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure | voltage detection part 8, drainage flow volume. The clogging of the filter 52 is effectively eliminated by controlling the opening degree of the adjusting unit (valve V33). Hereinafter, each process of (1)-(4) is demonstrated concretely.

(1) Filtration of treated water W1 When performing the treated water W1 filtration, the controller 9 opens the valve V1, the valve V11, and the valve V12, and closes the valve V2, the valve V13, the valve V21, the valve V31, and the like. . Further, the valve V32 is opened and the valve V33 is opened at a predetermined opening. In this state, the pump P1 is driven. Thereby, the to-be-processed water W1 which flowed in from the one end part of the line L1 distribute | circulates the line L1. The water to be treated W1 introduced from the inlet 20 is filtered by the filter 52 and discharged from the outlet 26 as filtered water W2. The filtered treated water W2 flows through the line L11, is subjected to ultraviolet treatment by the ultraviolet reactor 61, and is stored in the ballast tank 62 as stored treated water W3. Further, suction is performed by the suction nozzle 4 by opening the valve V33 at a predetermined opening. That is, a part of the ballast water W1 (filtered water W2) filtered from the primary side to the secondary side (the treated water outflow space 27 side) of the filter 52 is sucked by the suction nozzle 4, and again the second of the filter 52. Passes from the secondary side to the primary side. The sucked ballast water W1 becomes drainage W11, flows through the suction nozzle 4 and the collecting pipe 28, and is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 29 and the line L32. Thereby, the filter 52 is back-washed, and the foreign matter adhering to the primary side of the filter 52 is removed.

In the first embodiment, when the detected differential pressure ΔP, which is the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detector 8, is equal to or lower than the first reference differential pressure Pt1, the controller 9 controls the valve V33 and the flow rate of the drainage W11. Control is performed so that the valve opens at the normal flow rate. In this case, for example, the control unit 9 may control the opening degree of the valve V33 so that the flow rate of the waste water W11 detected by the flow meter 32 becomes a preset normal flow rate. In addition, the control unit 9 determines the relationship between the differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52 and the change in the flow rate of the drainage water W11 that flows when the opening degree of the valve V33 is changed at the differential pressure. The control unit 9 may store the opening degree of the valve V32 based on the detected differential pressure ΔP and the relationship.
The value of the normal flow rate can be appropriately set according to the target blow rate [amount of drainage W11 / (amount of filtered water W2 + amount of drainage W11)].

  As the water to be treated W11 continues to be filtered, the filter 52 is gradually clogged even if the backwashing is performed with the waste water W11 having a normal flow rate. Then, the differential pressure (detected differential pressure ΔP) between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52 gradually increases. Therefore, when the detected differential pressure ΔP detected by the differential pressure detector 8 exceeds the first reference differential pressure Pt1, the controller 9 increases the valve V33 so as to increase the flow rate of the waste water W11 from the normal flow rate to the first flow rate. To control. Thereby, the amount of the ballast water W1 sucked by the suction nozzle 4 is rapidly increased, so that the clogging of the filter 52 is effectively eliminated. Here, from the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of back washing, the first flow rate is preferably set to a flow rate sufficiently higher than the normal flow rate (for example, 170% or more of the normal flow rate).

  Further, the control unit 9 increases the flow rate of the waste water W11 to the first flow rate, and then the second reference differential pressure Pt2 (for example, the first reference differential pressure Pt1) whose detected differential pressure ΔP is smaller than the first reference differential pressure Pt1. The valve V33 is controlled so that the flow rate of the waste water W11 is reduced to the normal flow rate. As a result, when the clogging of the filter 52 is resolved after increasing the flow rate of the waste water W11, the flow rate of the drainage W11 can be quickly returned to the normal flow rate, so that an increase in the amount of water used for backwashing can be suppressed.

  In addition, the control unit 9 sets the flow rate of the waste water W11 to the first flow rate for a second time (30 seconds to 60 seconds) preset at a preset first time interval (for example, 1 hour to 3 hours). The valve V33 may be controlled so as to increase. Thereby, the clogging of the filter 52 can be more effectively eliminated by performing reverse cleaning periodically independently of the above-described flow rate control.

(2) Backwashing process of the filter 52 by the first jet nozzle 6 (underwater jet backwash)
Although the clogging of the filter 52 is effectively eliminated by the control of the control unit 9 described above, the clogging of the filter cannot be eliminated only by controlling the opening degree of the valve V33 depending on the water quality of the water to be treated W1 (detection). The increase in the differential pressure ΔP cannot be suppressed).
Therefore, when the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the third reference differential pressure Pt3 that is larger than the first reference differential pressure Pt1, the control unit 9 controls the first injection nozzle 6 to inject the first backwash water W2. . In this case, the control unit 9 opens the valve V1, the valve V11, the valve V12, the valve V21, the valve V22, the valve V32, and the valve V33, closes the other valves, and a part of the filtered water W2 passes through the line L21. Through the first injection nozzle 6. And while the ballast water (W2, W1) exists in the casing 51 and the filter 52, the pump P21 is operated and suction is performed by the suction nozzle 4. Thereby, the 1st backwash water W2 from the 1st injection nozzle 6 is sprayed toward the filter 52, and a strong backwash is performed. Thereafter, the first backwash water W2 becomes drainage W11, flows through the inside of the suction nozzle 4 and the collecting pipe 28, and is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 29 and the line L32.

(3) Back washing process (space washing) of the filter 52 by the second injection nozzle 40
After the filtration of the water to be treated W1, the valve V2 of the line L2 and the valve V31 of the line L31 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the water in the filter 52 is discharged. Then, in the state where the ballast water (W2, W1) is not substantially present inside the casing 51 and the filter 52, the valve V32 and the valve V33 are opened, the valve V24 and the valve V23 are further opened, the other valves are closed, and the pump P21 is activated. Accordingly, the clean water W5 stored in the clean water tank 65 flows through the line L24, a part of the line L21, and the line L23, and is directed from the second injection nozzle 40 to the filter 52 as the second backwash water W5. Sprayed, and a strong backwash is performed. Thereafter, the second backwash water W5 is discharged to the outside through the line L2.

(4) Drainage treatment of stored treated water W3 from the ballast tank 62 to the outside Open the valves V12 and V13 and close the other valves. In this state, the pump P11 provided in the line L12 is operated. As a result, the stored treated water W3 stored in the ballast tank 62 is subjected to ultraviolet treatment by the ultraviolet reactor 61 and discharged to the outside through a part of the line L11 and the line L12.

  Next, an example of control by the control unit 9 of the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control related to backwashing of the ballast water treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  At the beginning of the filtration of the water to be treated W1, the opening degree of the valve V33 is set to a normal opening degree (for example, opening degree = 50%) through which the drainage water W11 having a normal flow rate flows. In this case, in step S <b> 101, the control unit 9 acquires the detected differential pressure ΔP between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52 detected by the differential pressure detection unit 8.

  Next, in step S102, the control unit 9 determines whether or not the detected differential pressure ΔP acquired in step S101 exceeds the first reference differential pressure Pt1. When it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP does not exceed the first reference differential pressure Pt1 (hereinafter) (ΔP ≦ Pt1) (step S102: NO), the control unit 9 repeats step S102. Thereby, the opening degree of the valve V33 is maintained at a normal opening degree (for example, opening degree = 50%). On the other hand, when it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the first reference differential pressure Pt1 (ΔP> Pt1) (step S102: YES), the control unit 9 shifts the process to step S103.

  In step S103, the control unit 9 controls the valve V33 so as to increase the opening degree. For example, the opening degree of the valve V33 increases from the normal opening degree to the first opening degree (for example, opening degree = 100%). As a result, the flow rate of the waste water W11 on the downstream side of the valve V33 increases from the normal flow rate to the first flow rate.

  After the opening degree of the valve V33 is increased, in step S104, the control unit 9 acquires the detected differential pressure ΔP between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52 detected by the differential pressure detection unit 8.

  Next, in step S105, the control unit 9 determines whether or not the detected differential pressure ΔP acquired in step S104 exceeds the third reference differential pressure Pt3. When it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the third reference differential pressure Pt3 (ΔP> Pt3) (step S105: YES), the control unit 9 shifts the process to step S106. On the other hand, when it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP does not exceed the third reference differential pressure Pt3 (hereinafter, “ΔP ≦ Pt3”) (step S105: NO), the process proceeds to step S107.

  In step S106, the control unit 9 controls each unit to perform underwater jet backwashing. Further, after step S106, the control unit 9 shifts the process to step S108.

  In step S107 (step S105: NO), the controller 9 determines whether or not the detected differential pressure ΔP acquired in step S104 is lower than the second reference differential pressure Pt2. When it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP is not lower than the second reference differential pressure Pt2 (ΔP ≧ Pt2) (step S107: NO), the control unit 9 repeats step S107. Thereby, the opening degree of the valve V33 is maintained at the first opening degree (for example, opening degree = 100%). On the other hand, if it is determined that the detected differential pressure ΔP is lower than the second reference differential pressure Pt2 (ΔP <Pt2) (step S107: YES), the process proceeds to step S108.

  In step S108, the control unit 9 controls the valve V33 so as to return the opening degree. For example, the opening degree of the valve V33 decreases from the first opening degree to the normal opening degree. Thereby, the flow volume of the waste_water | drain W11 of the downstream of valve | bulb V33 becomes small from a 1st flow volume to a normal flow volume. Thereby, the opening degree of valve | bulb V33 and the flow volume of the waste_water | drain W11 return. Then, the control unit 9 ends the process.

According to the ballast water treatment device 1 of the first embodiment, for example, the following effects are provided.
The ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is provided on the primary side of the filter 52, and sucks the ballast water W1 from the secondary side of the filter 52 toward the primary side in order to perform reverse cleaning of the filter 52. 4 (suction part), a line L32 through which the ballast water W11 sucked by the suction nozzle 4 circulates, and a valve V33 that adjusts a drainage flow rate that is a flow rate of the ballast water W11 through the (drainage) line L32. The drainage flow rate adjustment unit), the differential pressure detection unit 8 that detects the differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter 52, and the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the first reference differential pressure Pt1, the drainage flow rate is usually And a control unit 9 that controls the valve V33 (drainage flow rate adjusting unit) so as to increase the flow rate to the first flow rate.

  According to the ballast water treatment device 1 of the first embodiment, when the flow rate sufficiently larger than the normal flow rate is set as the first flow rate, when the filter 52 becomes clogged by filtration of the ballast water, the suction nozzle The amount of ballast water sucked by 4 (suction part) can be increased rapidly. Therefore, the clogging of the filter 52 can be effectively eliminated by changing the drainage flow rate rapidly.

  In the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the control unit 9 increases the drain flow rate to the first flow rate, and then detects the detected differential pressure ΔP as the second reference differential pressure Pt2 (<first reference differential pressure). When the pressure falls below Pt1), the valve V33 (drainage flow rate adjusting unit) is controlled so as to reduce the drainage flow rate to the normal flow rate. As a result, when the clogging of the filter 52 is resolved after the drainage flow rate is increased, the drainage flow rate can be quickly returned to the normal flow rate. Therefore, clogging of the filter 52 can be preferably eliminated while suppressing an increase in the amount of water used for backwashing.

  Further, the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment injects the (first) backwash water W2 toward the secondary side of the filter 52 in a state where the ballast water W1 exists on the primary side of the filter 52 (first) 1) Further, an injection nozzle 6 is provided, and the control unit 9 injects (first) backwash water W2 when the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the third reference differential pressure Pt3 (> first reference differential pressure Pt1). The (first) injection nozzle 6 is controlled as described above. Thereby, when the clogging of the filter 52 is not eliminated even if the drainage flow rate is rapidly changed, the clogging of the filter 52 can be eliminated by the (first) injection nozzle 6.

Second Embodiment
2nd Embodiment of the ballast water treatment apparatus of this invention is described, referring drawings. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a ballast water treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. Therefore, detailed description of the same (or equivalent) configuration as in the first embodiment is omitted. The description of the first embodiment is appropriately applied to points that are not particularly described in the second embodiment.

  The ballast water treatment apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment includes a configuration (first injection nozzle 6 and the like) related to underwater jet backwashing. On the other hand, 1 A of ballast water treatment apparatuses of 2nd Embodiment are not provided with the structure (1st injection nozzle 6 grade | etc.) Regarding underwater injection backwash compared with the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment. Specifically, the ballast water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment includes the line L21, the line L22, the line L23, and devices provided in these lines in the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment. Absent. The line 24 through which the clean water W5 from the clean water tank 65 flows is directly connected to the second injection nozzle 40. A pump P <b> 21 is provided between the valve V <b> 24 and the second injection nozzle 40 in the line 24.

  Since the ballast water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment does not include a configuration related to underwater jet backwashing, it cannot perform underwater jet backwashing. On the other hand, 1 A of ballast water treatment apparatuses of 2nd Embodiment are equipped with the structure regarding the back washing | cleaning control at the time of the filtration process of the to-be-treated water W1 similarly to the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment, Therefore It is possible to perform back washing performed together with the filtration treatment of the treated water W1. Moreover, 1 A of ballast water treatment apparatuses of 2nd Embodiment are equipped with the structure regarding space washing | cleaning similarly to the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment, Therefore Execution of space washing | cleaning is possible.

  In addition, the back washing performed together with the filtration of the water to be treated W1 has the following advantages over the underwater jet backwashing. In the case of underwater jet backwashing, fine foreign matter that has passed through the filter 52 aggregates into sludge (sludge etc.) while the first backwash water W2 flows through the lines L21 and L22, and this sludge is contained. The first backwash water W2 may be sprayed on the outer surface of the filter 52. In such a case, sludge may adhere to the outer surface of the filter 52 and reduce the backwash performance. On the other hand, in the backwashing performed together with the filtration of the water to be treated W1, the first backwashing water W1 that has passed through the filter 52 passes through the filter 52 from the secondary side to the primary side again without stagnation and backwashed. Therefore, adverse effects due to sludge generation are less likely to occur.

  According to the ballast water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment, the same effects as the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment are exhibited. Since the ballast water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment does not include the prefilter 31 in the ballast water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, it is not necessary to perform maintenance on the prefilter 31.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented in various forms.

  In the embodiment, in the reverse cleaning control in the filtration treatment of the water to be treated W1, the control unit 9 changes the flow rate of the waste water W11 from the normal flow rate to the first flow rate when the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the first reference differential pressure Pt1. Although the flow rate is increased, this is not restrictive. That is, when the detected differential pressure ΔP exceeds the fourth reference differential pressure that is higher than the first reference differential pressure Pt1 and lower than the third reference differential pressure, the control unit 9 changes the flow rate of the waste water W11 from the first flow rate to the first flow rate. It may be further increased to 2 flow rates. That is, the flow rate of the waste water W11 may be increased in three or more stages.

  In the embodiment, the ballast water stored in the ballast tank 62 is ballast water that has been filtered by the filter 52 and subjected to ultraviolet treatment by the ultraviolet reactor 61, but is not limited thereto. The ballast water stored in the ballast tank 62 may be ballast water that has not been subjected to filtration and / or ultraviolet treatment.

  In the above-described embodiment, the filter 52 is a cylindrical filter that filters the ballast water W1 that has flowed into the filter 52 and flows it to the outside, but is not limited thereto. The filter may be a cylindrical filter that filters ballast water flowing from the outside and flows out from the inside, or may be a non-cylindrical filter.

  In the above-described embodiment, the pressure inside the suction nozzle 4 is made lower than the pressure outside the suction nozzle 4 (secondary side of the filter 52), so that the foreign matter is sucked from the suction nozzle 4. Not exclusively. That is, a suction pump may be disposed in the drain line to suck foreign matter from the suction nozzle.

1,1A Ballast water treatment device 4 Suction nozzle (suction part)
6 First injection nozzle (injection nozzle)
8 Differential Pressure Detection Unit 9 Control Unit 52 Filter L32 Drainage Line P1 Pump V33 Valve (Drainage Flow Rate Adjustment Unit)
W1 Ballast water W2 First backwash water (backwash water)
W11 Ballast water, drainage ΔP Detection differential pressure Pt1 First reference differential pressure Pt2 Second reference differential pressure Pt3 Third reference differential pressure

The present invention includes a filter for filtering the ballast water is provided on the primary side of the front Symbol filter, one end leads to the primary side of the filter, the other end is provided so as to communicate overboard, as backwash of the filter A drainage line for circulating ballast water from the secondary side to the primary side of the filter, a drainage flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting a drainage flow rate that is a flow rate of ballast water flowing through the drainage line, and a primary side of the filter When the detected differential pressure, which is the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detection unit, exceeds the first reference differential pressure, the drainage flow rate is changed from the normal flow rate. It is related with a ballast water treatment device provided with a control part which controls the drainage flow rate adjustment part so that it may increase to the 1st flow rate.

Claims (4)

A filter for filtering ballast water;
A pump for pressurizing the ballast water so that the ballast water flows from the primary side to the secondary side of the filter;
One end leads to the primary side of the filter and the other end leads to the outside of the ship, and as a backwashing of the filter, a drainage line for circulating ballast water from the secondary side to the primary side of the filter,
A drainage flow rate adjusting unit for adjusting a drainage flow rate that is a flow rate of ballast water flowing through the drainage line;
A differential pressure detector for detecting a differential pressure between the primary side and the secondary side of the filter;
Control for controlling the drainage flow rate adjusting unit to increase the drainage flow rate from the normal flow rate to the first flow rate when the detected differential pressure, which is the differential pressure detected by the differential pressure detection unit, exceeds the first reference differential pressure. A ballast water treatment device.   The control unit increases the drainage flow rate to the first flow rate, and then decreases the drainage flow rate to the normal flow rate when the detected differential pressure falls below the second reference differential pressure that is smaller than the first reference differential pressure. The ballast water treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the ballast water treatment device controls the drainage flow rate adjustment unit. An injection nozzle that injects backwash water toward the secondary side of the filter in a state where ballast water is present on the primary side of the filter;
The said control part controls the said injection nozzle so that backwash water is injected when a detected differential pressure exceeds the 3rd reference differential pressure larger than the 1st reference differential pressure. Ballast water treatment equipment.   The control unit controls the drainage flow rate adjusting unit to increase the drainage flow rate to the first flow rate for a second time (30 seconds to 60 seconds) at a first time interval (1 hour to 3 hours). Item 4. The ballast water treatment device according to any one of Items 1 to 3.

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