JP2017205046A - Weed control material and method of using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a weed control material which has a short hardening time and high initial strength development, provides an initial freezing damage resistance and a crack resistance, can relieve the work of mowing, and can secure the persistence of weed control and the environmental conservation, and to provide a method of using the same.SOLUTION: There are provided: (1) a weed control material containing calcium aluminate, soil, and carbon; (2) a weed control material of (1) further containing calcium sulfate; (3) a weed control material of (1) or (2) in which calcium aluminate contains a mole ratio of 1.0-3 of CaO/AlOand impurities of 15 wt.% or less; (4) a weed control material of (1)-(3) further containing calcium silicate; (5) a method of using a weed control material of (1)-(4) including laying the weed control material on the ground, sprinkling water thereon, and covering the ground; and (6) a method of using a weed control material of (1)-(4) including mixing the weed control material with water, laying it on the ground, and covering the ground.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a herbicidal material that suppresses the growth of weeds while imparting conductivity to electrical facilities such as railways, roads, steel towers, and animal protection fences, and a method of using the same.

Around electric facilities such as railways, roads, steel towers, and animal protection fences, there is a problem that weeds overgrow and short-circuit electricity when they come into contact with electric wires.
Therefore, frequent mowing and herbicide spraying were necessary. In particular, since a great deal of labor is required for cutting the grass, a method of spraying a herbicide is generally performed.
However, spraying herbicides is not a drastic measure because it needs to be sprayed frequently only by withering the grass. In addition, a method of sprinkling and spraying a herbicidal material containing cement to cover the ground has been proposed, but there is a problem that it has an adverse effect in places where electrical resistance is high and electrical conductivity is required. . For example, in an animal protection fence, electricity does not flow to an animal unless there is a certain level of electrical conductivity between the wire, the ground, and the animal through the ground. As a guideline to remove wild boars and other pests, the Wakayama Prefectural Agricultural Damage Prevention Manual states that a voltage of 3,500V or more is required at the point of electric fence installation. Furthermore, the herbicidal material containing cement has a high alkalinity by containing cement, and also contains hexavalent chromium, and thus has a problem in environmental impact.

In addition, a herbicidal material and a method for suppressing it by spraying or mixing a magnesium oxide-based solidified material not containing cement into the soil and watering and solidifying it have been proposed. (Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3)
Patent Document 1 requires labor for construction because a weed reproduction preventing material mainly composed of magnesium oxide and blast furnace slag is mixed with soil on the ground surface, pressed and pressed, and sprinkled on it. Moreover, since initial strength development is low, it is easy to be washed away by rainfall after construction, the effect of suppressing weeds in the breeding season is likely to be reduced, and there is a problem that conductivity is low.
Since Patent Literatures 2 and 3 are the same magnesium oxide-based solidifying materials as Patent Literature 1, there is a problem that the effect of suppressing weeds in the breeding season is low.
Patent Document 4 is a herbicidal layer mainly composed of a soil material, a cement-based solidifying material, and an aggregating agent. However, as described above, it contains a cement and has high alkalinity and further contains hexavalent chromium. As a result, there were also problems with environmental impact.
Patent Documents 5, 6, and 7 propose a weedproof sheet having conductivity. However, the herbicidal sheet has a problem in aesthetics, further reduces the effect of suppressing weeds, and requires a lot of labor for regular replacement.

JP 2003-47388 A JP 2007-330114 A JP 2014-51849 A JP 2011-239748 A JP 2012-60948 A Utility Model Registration No. 3185209 JP 2004-176197 A

  The present invention provides a herbicidal material that imparts electrical conductivity, can reduce the labor of mowing, and can ensure electrical conductivity and sustainability of the herbicidal effect, and a method of using the same.

That is, the present invention includes (1) a herbicidal material containing calcium aluminate, soil and carbon, (2) a herbicidal material of (1) further containing gypsum, and (3) calcium aluminate. However, the CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio is 1.0 to ₃ , and the impurities are 15% by mass or less (1) or (2) herbicidal material, (4) and calcium silicate (1) ) To (3) any herbicidal material, (5) a method of using the herbicidal material that covers the ground by spreading water over any of the herbicidal materials of (1) to (4), (6) A method of using a herbicidal material in which the herbicidal material according to any one of (1) to (4) is kneaded with water and spread on the ground to cover the ground.

  The herbicidal material of the present invention provides conductivity, can reduce the labor of mowing, and has effects such as ensuring conductivity and sustainability of the herbicidal effect.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The calcium aluminate used in the present invention is mainly composed of CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ obtained by mixing a calcia raw material and an alumina raw material and firing the kiln or melting and cooling in an electric furnace. It is a general term for substances having hydration activity, and can be used in any of crystalline and amorphous materials. It is a material having a fast curing time and high initial strength. A typical example of calcium aluminate is alumina cement, and commercially available products can be used. For example, alumina cement 1 and alumina cement 2 can be used. Amorphous calcium aluminate that is hardened in a shorter time than alumina cement and has a high initial strength after that is preferably quenched after melting, and a molar ratio of CaO to Al ₂ O ₃ (CaO / Al ₂ O). _{The 3} molar ratio is preferably from 1.0 to 3.0, more preferably from 1.7 to 2.5. In the case of 1.0 to 1.7, it is possible to further shorten the curing time and increase the initial strength development by blending cement, slaked lime and quicklime.
Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferred from the viewpoint of initial strength development that CaO, Al ₂ O _3, or the other impurities contained in the calcium aluminate is not more than 15 mass%, further preferably 10 wt% or less . When it exceeds 15% by mass, it takes time to cure, and further, it does not harden at low temperatures and the herbicidal effect may be low. Typical examples of impurities include silicon oxide, other alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, titanium oxide, iron oxide, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, alkali metal sulfates, and alkaline earths. There are those in which a similar metal sulfate or the like is substituted for a part of CaO or Al ₂ O ₃ , but it is not particularly limited.

The vitrification rate of calcium aluminate is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more in terms of reaction activity. If it is 70% or less, the initial strength development may be lowered. The vitrification rate of calcium aluminate is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more in terms of reaction activity. As for the vitrification rate, the main peak area S of the crystalline mineral was measured in advance by a powder X-ray diffraction method for the sample before heating, then heated at 1000 ° C. for 2 hours, and then slowly cooled at a cooling rate of 1 to 10 ° C./min. Then, the main peak area S ₀ of the crystal mineral after heating by the powder X-ray diffraction method is obtained, and further, the vitrification rate χ is calculated by using the values of S ₀ and S using the following formula. Vitrification rate χ (%) = 100 × (1−S / S ₀ )
The particle size of the calcium aluminate, in terms of initial strength development is preferably more than Blaine specific surface area ^{3000cm 2 / g, 5000cm 2 /} g or more is more preferable. If it is less than 3000 cm ² / g, the curing time becomes long and the initial strength development may be lowered.

The carbon used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as conductivity can be ensured, and it can be used in the form of powder, fiber or slurry.
The powder is preferably one having a particle diameter of 200 nm or less in terms of conductivity. The length of the fiber is not particularly limited, but if the length of the fiber is short, the conductivity may decrease. Conversely, if the length is long, the dispersibility may decrease. The length (hereinafter referred to as fiber length) is preferably 3 to 100 mm, and more preferably 5 to 30 mm. The diameter of the fiber is not particularly limited, but if the diameter is large, the dispersibility deteriorates and the conductivity may deteriorate. Therefore, the fiber diameter (hereinafter referred to as the fiber diameter) is preferably 50 μm or less. 20 μm is more preferable.
The amount of carbon used is preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by mass and more preferably 1 to 10 parts per 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate. If it is less than 0.2 parts by mass, the effect of improving the conductivity may be small, and if it exceeds 20 parts by mass, it is uneconomical.

As the gypsum used in the present invention, hemihydrate gypsum and anhydrous gypsum can be used. In terms of strength development, anhydrous gypsum is preferable, and hydrofluoric acid byproduct anhydrous gypsum and natural anhydrous gypsum can be used. The pH when the gypsum is immersed in water is preferably from a weak alkali having a pH of 8 or less to acidic. When the pH is high, the solubility of the gypsum component becomes high, which may inhibit the initial strength development. The pH here is a value obtained by measuring the pH of the diluted slurry at 20 ° C. of gypsum / ion exchange water = 1 g / 100 g using an ion exchange electrode or the like.
The particle size of the gypsum, preferably 3000 cm ² / g or more in Blaine specific surface area value, from the viewpoint of the 5000 cm ² / g or higher initial strength development, the proper work time is obtained.
Although the usage-amount of gypsum is not specifically limited, 50-250 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of calcium aluminates. If it is less than 50 mass parts, intensity | strength expression will fall and a herbicidal effect may be low. If it exceeds 250 parts by mass, the strength development may be reduced and the herbicidal effect may be low.

In the present invention, calcium silicate can be used for the purpose of increasing strength.
Calcium silicates include 3CaO · SiO ₂ and 2CaO · SiO ₂ , and are not particularly limited. However, γ-2CaO · SiO ₂ absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and densifies the tissue, thereby improving the herbicidal effect. Most preferred because of its superiority.
γ-2CaO · SiO ₂ is different among the compounds represented by 2CaO · SiO _2, is what is known as low-temperature phase, the α-2CaO · SiO ₂ and β-2CaO · SiO ₂ is a high temperature phase Is. All of these compounds are 2CaO · SiO ₂ and have the same chemical composition, but their crystal structures are different. 2CaO · SiO ₂ present in the cement clinker is β-2CaO · SiO ₂ . Although β-2CaO · SiO ₂ has hydraulic properties, γ-2CaO · SiO ₂ in the present invention does not have hydraulic properties, but has been found to have a property of absorbing and curing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The particle size of the γ-2CaO · SiO ₂ is not particularly limited but is preferably 3000 cm ² / g or more in Blaine specific surface area value, 4000~8000cm ² / g is more preferable. If the Blaine specific surface area value is less than 3000 cm ² / g, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed and the reaction is not sufficient, and crack resistance may not be sufficiently obtained. Even if it exceeds 8000 cm ² / g, further enhancement of the effect cannot be expected.
Although the usage-amount of a calcium silicate is not specifically limited, 10-60 mass parts is preferable with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of calcium aluminate and gypsum. If it is less than 10 parts by mass, the strength may be low. If it exceeds 60 parts by mass, further enhancement of the effect cannot be expected.

  In the herbicidal material of the present invention, the proportion of soil is not particularly limited with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and gypsum, but is usually preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, and 200 to 800 parts by mass. Part is more preferred. If the soil is less than 100 parts by mass, the strength development is high, but this is not economically preferable. If it exceeds 1000 parts by mass, the strength is low and the herbicidal effect may not be obtained.

The soil used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains any one or more of gravel, sand, gravel and clay. Sandy soil such as mountain sand, river sand, sea sand, silty soil, clayey soil, residual soil generated from construction, heavy aggregate, lightweight aggregate, reclaimed aggregate, and soil where weeding treatment is used as it is Anything can be used. In general, dry sand such as natural sand, red sand, kanuma soil, mountain sand, sea sand, and crushed sand, which are natural soils, is more preferable because of its stable quality.

  As for the compounding quantity of water, 5-100 mass parts is preferable with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of the herbicidal material of this invention. If it is less than 5 parts by mass, mixing may be difficult, and if it exceeds 100 parts by mass, strength may not be obtained.

  In the present invention, it is possible to use a setting modifier within the scope of the present invention. The setting modifier is not particularly limited as long as it accelerates or delays the setting of the cement. Specifically, alkali hydroxide, alkali metal chloride salt, alkali metal carbonate, oxycarboxylic acid or salt thereof, phosphoric acid or salt thereof, dextrin, sucrose, polyacrylic acid or salt thereof, water reducing agent, high performance One or more water reducing agents can be used as long as the object of the present invention is not substantially inhibited.

  In the present invention, low pH solidified material such as magnesium oxide, wood chip, bulking agent such as rice husk, various portland cement, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, fine limestone powder, fly ash, kaolin, alkali metal salt , Shirasu, diatomaceous earth and silica fume admixtures, foaming agents, antifoaming agents, thickeners, rust inhibitors, antifreeze agents, water reducing agents, fluidizing agents, polymers, clay minerals such as bentonite, anions such as hydrotalcite One or more exchangers, colorants and the like can be used as long as the object of the present invention is not substantially inhibited.

  In the present invention, the mixing method of each material is not particularly limited, and each material may be mixed at the time of construction, and a part or all of them may be mixed in advance. It is preferable in terms of quality to mix in water and mix water on site. When mixing in advance, the soil is preferably dry.

  As the mixing apparatus, any existing apparatus can be used. For example, a tilting cylinder mixer, an omni mixer, a two-axis forced mixer, a Henschel mixer, a V-type mixer, and a Nauta mixer can be used.

In the present invention, a method of mowing the weeds on the ground to about 1 cm or less with a mower or the like, removing the cut weeds, spreading a weed proofing material and spraying the water. Moreover, there is a method of spraying and coating a kneaded herbicide, and it is more preferable to cover the grass after cutting and then spraying a herbicide.

In the case where the herbicidal material is spread over the ground where the grass is mowed, and the surface is sprinkled to solidify the surface to cover the surface, a method of spreading the herbicidal material over the ground and sprinkling it with a watering device or the like is preferable. The thickness to spread is not particularly limited, and a thickness of 1 to 3 cm is preferable at the convex portion of the ground. If it is 1 cm or less, it becomes difficult to cover the whole, so that the herbicidal effect may be lowered. If it is 3 cm or more, the herbicidal effect is high, but the material cost becomes high, and a great deal of labor is required.

When laying on the ground where the herbicidal material of the present invention or the soil of the herbicidal material of the present invention is mowed and covering it by mixing and stirring with the soil on the ground, mixing and stirring using a backhoe or a stabilizer It is possible to make it. Further, it is possible to make the ground hard by rolling.

Hereinafter, description will be made based on experimental examples of the present invention.

"Experiment 1"
100 parts by mass of gypsum and carbon of the type and amount shown in Table 1 were blended with 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate shown in Table 1. Furthermore, with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and gypsum, the soil is 500 parts by mass, and with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate, gypsum and soil, 0.3 mass of sodium citrate is used as a setting modifier. Part of the herbicide was prepared. After laying this herbicidal material on the formwork, 15 parts by mass of water was sprayed on a total of 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate, gypsum and soil to prepare a test specimen. The test piece was measured for pH, hexavalent chromium, herbicidal effect, and voltage.
For comparison, mortar and magnesia-based solidified material using ordinary cement were prepared (Experiment No. 1-14, 1-15). The mortar is formulated by laying dry mortar with a mass ratio of 3/1 between standard sand made by Cement Association and ordinary Portland cement on the formwork, and water is sprayed so that the water-cement ratio is 50% by mass. Thus, a herbicide was prepared. The magnesia-based solidified material is a mixture of 600 parts by mass of soil with 100 parts by mass of commercially available magnesium oxide obtained by firing Chinese magnesium. Prepared. Furthermore, the measurement was carried out in the state of the ground without laying herbicides (Experiment No. 1-16). The results are also shown in Table 1.

<Materials used>
Calcium aluminate: CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide was changed, silica was added, and the mixture was melted at 1650 ° C. and quenched to prepare a vitrification rate of 97% and a brain surface area of 5000 cm ² . did. Impurity was silica and adjusted by changing its content.
Carbon A: fiber length 25 mm, fiber diameter 15 μm, commercial product carbon B: powder, maximum particle size 180 nm, commercial product gypsum: natural anhydrous gypsum, Blaine specific surface area value 5000 cm ² / g
Soil: Lime sand from Niigata Prefecture, 5mm Sieve Alumina cement: Alumina cement No. 1, Denca Co., Ltd. Coagulation regulator: Anhydrous sodium citrate, Kamata Chemical Co., Ltd. Water: Tap water Normal cement: Normal Portland cement, Denka Co. Sand: Standard sand magnesia solidified material manufactured by Cement Association: Commercially available magnesium oxide fired from Chinese magnesium

<Measurement method>
pH: About each herbicidal material, the test piece of 4x4x16cm was produced according to JISR5201 in the environment of 20 degreeC and 60% of relative humidity. The curing method was an air-dried curing under an environment of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60%. The specimen at the age of 28 days was pulverized, and the pH of the supernatant liquid stirred for 30 minutes with 100 times pure water was measured.
Hexavalent chromium elution amount: For each herbicidal material, after preparing specimens in an environment of 20 ° C and relative humidity 60% in the same manner as in the pH test, the specimens at the age of 7 days were designated as Environment Agency Notification No. 46. Measured based on the law.
Weed control test: Weeds weeded under a protective fence were mowed to a length of 0.5 cm or less in advance with a mower, cultivated in a field with a cultivator, and on top of that, Tall Fescue, Kentucky Bluegrass, Perennial The mixture of ryegrass was sprinkled with 40 g / m ² and stepped with a foot and rolled. On top of that, each herbicidal material was uniformly laid on the base surface with a thickness of 3 cm, a width of 1 m, and a length of 15 m, and then 15 parts by weight of water was sprayed on a total of 100 parts by weight of each herbicidal material. The average number of grass per 1 m ² grown from the surface of the herbicidal material after 180 days was measured.
Voltage test: Uprights were placed in a 15 m section at intervals of 5 m, and four wires were installed from the ground to a height of 60 cm and a height of 60 cm. Next, the electric engraving machine was installed on the pole, and the electric engraving machine and the electric wires were wired, and further grounded and an electric fence was installed. Thereafter, a herbicidal material was applied in the same manner as in the herbicidal test, and the voltage after 60 days and 180 days was measured with a voltmeter.

From Table 1, it can be seen that the herbicidal material of the present invention is excellent in herbicidal properties and conductivity, and also has a low pH and hexavalent chromium elution amount and is excellent in environmental impact.

"Experimental example 2"
Using calcium aluminate and carbon of Experiment No. 1-3 of Experimental Example 1 and changing the ratio of calcium aluminate and gypsum at the ratios shown in Table 2, and for a total of 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and gypsum The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the soil ratio was changed. The results are shown in Table 2.

<Materials used>
Calcium aluminate: CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio 2.2, vitrification rate 97%, Blaine specific surface area value 5000 cm ²
Carbon A: Fiber length 25 mm, fiber diameter 15 μm, commercial product

From Table 2, it can be seen that the herbicidal material of the present invention is excellent in herbicidal properties and electrical conductivity.

"Experiment 3"
About the herbicidal material of Experiment No. 1-3 of Experimental Example 1, it carried out like Experimental Example 1 except having mixed calcium silicate in the ratio shown in Table 4. The results are also shown in Table 3.

<Materials used>
Calcium aluminate: CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio 2.2, vitrification rate 97%, Blaine specific surface area value 5000 cm ²
Calcium silicate I: 3CaO · SiO ₂ , 3 moles of calcium carbonate as a reagent and 1 mole of silicon dioxide were mixed and pulverized, and then fired in an electric furnace and synthesized. Blaine specific surface area value 1800 cm ² / g.
Calcium silicate: β-2CaO · SiO ₂ , 2 moles of calcium carbonate as a reagent and 1 mole of silicon dioxide were mixed and ground, then fired in an electric furnace and synthesized. Blaine specific surface area value 1800 cm ² / g.
Calcium silicate C: γ-2CaO · SiO ₂ , 2 moles of calcium carbonate as a reagent and 1 mole of silicon dioxide were mixed and ground, and then fired in an electric furnace and synthesized. Blaine specific surface area value 1800 cm ² / g.
Water: tap water

From Table 3, it can be seen that when the herbicidal material of the present invention is used in combination with calcium silicate, the turf suppression effect is more excellent while ensuring conductivity.

"Experimental example 4"
For each of the herbicidal materials of Experiment Nos. 3-7, 3-8, and 3-9 in Experimental Example 3, 15 parts by mass of water was added to 100 parts by mass of calcium aluminate, gypsum, calcium silicate, and a coagulation modifier. The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment Example 3 (Experiment Nos. 4-3, 4-4, and 4-5) except that the kneaded mixture was laid on the formwork or foundation surface in addition to the omni mixer instead of watering.
For comparison, the mortar (experiment No. 1-14) and the magnesia-based solidified material (experiment No. 1-15) using the ordinary cement used in Experimental Example 1 are the same as the amount of water used in Experimental Example 1, respectively. It was carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Example 3 except that the kneaded mixture was laid on the formwork or foundation surface (Experiment No. 4-1, 4-2). The results are also shown in Table 4.

From Table 4, it can be seen that the herbicidal material of the present invention is excellent in herbicidal effect and electrical conductivity even when a kneaded mixture is laid.

  According to the herbicidal material of the present invention and the method of using the same, it is possible to impart conductivity, reduce labor for mowing, and provide effects such as ensuring conductivity and sustainability of the herbicidal effect, so that railways, roads, steel towers, It can be applied around electrical facilities such as animal protection fences and is widely used in agriculture and construction fields.

Claims (6)

A herbicidal material comprising calcium aluminate, soil and carbon. The herbicidal material according to claim 1, further comprising gypsum. The herbicidal material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcium aluminate is a CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of 1.0 to ₃ and the impurities are 15% by mass or less. Furthermore, the herbicide of any one of Claims 1-3 formed by containing a calcium silicate. A method of using a herbicidal material, wherein the herbicidal material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is spread on the ground and sprayed onto the ground. A method for using a herbicidal material, wherein the herbicidal material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is kneaded with water and spread over the ground to cover it.