JP2017189112A - Power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply system in the case of combining a standard power generation device utilizing natural energy with a power storage device for performing autonomous operation, the power supply system being capable of suppressing excessive power generation by the power generation device.SOLUTION: A power supply system supplies power from a power storage device and a power generation device to a load. The power storage device supplies AC power to the load by performing discharge when output power of the power generation device is lower than power consumption of the load, and is charged with excess power by which output power of the power generation device exceeds supply power to the load when the output power of the power generation device is equal to or higher than the power consumption of the load.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power storage device that converts DC power to AC power and performs a self-sustained operation, and a power generator that generates AC power and performs a linked operation linked to the self-sustained operation of the power storage device. Regarding the supply system.

  In recent years, power generation devices using natural energy such as sunlight and wind power have been used as means for generating electric power without discharging carbon dioxide. In the case of power generation using natural energy, the amount of power generation is often affected by weather conditions such as solar radiation, climate, and weather, and in addition, it is difficult to adjust the amount of power generation according to power demand. For this reason, it is difficult to use it as an emergency power source only with a power generation device using natural energy (hereinafter simply referred to as a power generation device).

  On the other hand, power converters that perform so-called V2H (Vehicle to Home) that convert DC power from a storage battery mounted on a vehicle into AC power and use it as an emergency power source in the home are being put into practical use. When a power supply system is constructed by combining such a power conversion device and the above power generation device, by making the storage battery of the vehicle chargeable with surplus power of the power generation device, it is less affected by weather conditions and relatively It can be used as an emergency power source for a long time.

  By the way, when the storage battery of the vehicle is charged with surplus power of the power generation device in the above-described power supply system, when the storage battery is in a state near full charge, there is no place for surplus power from the power generation device, and the power conversion device There is a possibility that an excessive voltage is applied or the storage battery is forcibly charged and overcharged.

  To deal with such inconvenience, Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of photovoltaic power generation units as power generation devices accept an output suppression signal to reduce the output, and the total output of all the photovoltaic power generation units is connected to the grid. A solar power generation system configured to send an output suppression signal from the grid interconnection protection device to each solar power generation unit when the rated capacity of the system protection device is exceeded is disclosed.

JP 2002-199589 A

  However, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to control so that an output suppression signal is output in a timely manner after preparing a solar power generation unit that receives a special signal that is an output suppression signal, and the system is complicated. In addition, there is a problem that it becomes expensive.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The place made into the objective is when a standard electric power generating apparatus using natural energy and the electric power storage apparatus which performs a self-sustaining operation are combined, it is based on an electric power generating apparatus. An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system capable of suppressing excessive power generation.

  The power supply system according to the present invention is a power supply system that supplies power to a load from a power storage device and a power generation device, and the power storage device is configured such that the output power of the power generation device is less than the power consumption of the load. When AC power is supplied to the load by discharging, and the output power of the power generator is equal to or greater than the power consumption of the load, surplus power exceeding the power supplied to the load is charged out of the output power of the power generator It is characterized by that.

  The power supply system according to the present invention is characterized in that the power generation device is a solar power generation device.

  In the power supply system according to the present invention, the power storage device includes a chargeable / dischargeable storage battery.

  The power supply system according to the present invention further includes a power line that supplies power from a power system to the power storage device and the load, and a switch that opens and closes the power line, and the power storage device has a power failure in the power system. In this case, by turning off the switch, the electrical connection between the power system and the power storage device is cut off, and the electrical connection between the power system and the load is cut off. It is characterized by.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, when combining the standard electric power generating apparatus using natural energy, and the electric power storage apparatus which performs a self-sustained operation, it becomes possible to suppress the excessive electric power generation by an electric power generating apparatus.

It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the electric power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the electric power feeding at the time of a non-power failure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the electric power feeding at the time of a power failure. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the electric power feeding at the time of a power failure. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of an inverter 3. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of CPU which controls the conversion operation | movement of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of CPU which concerns on the 1st, 2nd electric power calculation subroutine in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of CPU which concerns on the subroutine of the 1st, 2nd electric power calculation in the modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of CPU which controls the conversion operation | movement of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a power conversion device. The power conversion device 1 converts DC power from a storage battery (not shown) included in an electric vehicle (corresponding to a power storage device: hereinafter referred to as EV (Electric Vehicle)) 4 into single-phase AC power. The inverter 3 to convert and the control part 10 which instruct | indicates the content of conversion to the inverter control circuit 20 which controls the conversion of the electric power by this inverter 3 are provided. The interface between the power converter 1 and the EV 4 conforms to, for example, the CHAdeMO method proposed by the CHAdeMO Council. The power converter device 1 may incorporate a storage battery. In this case, the power conversion device 1 and the EV 4 (power storage device) correspond to the power storage device.

  The control unit 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 11. The CPU 11 includes a ROM 12 that stores information such as programs, a RAM 13 that stores temporarily generated information, and a timer 14 that measures various times. They are bus connected to each other. The CPU 11 also has a CAN communication unit 15 for performing communication with the EV 4 via a CAN (Controller Area Network), an I / O port 16 for interfacing with various circuits described later, and an operation display unit 27. A panel I / F unit 17 for interfacing with the bus is connected to the bus. The operation display unit 27 includes a button for accepting an operation by the user, a touch panel, and an LCD.

  The inverter 3 is a bidirectional type that can also convert AC power into DC power. The storage battery of EV4 is charged by the DC power converted from the AC power by the inverter 3. On the AC side of the inverter 3, the distribution board 5 is connected in series with an electric circuit 32 to which the current transformer 31 is coupled, a relay contact 33 a of the disconnecting relay 33, and a branch breaker 51 arranged in the distribution board 5. It is connected to the internal bus 50.

  The current transformer 31 is connected to a current detection circuit 21 that detects the current flowing through the electric circuit 32 based on the current flowing through the secondary coil of the current transformer 31. The electric circuit 32 is connected to a voltage detection circuit 22 that detects an AC voltage of the electric circuit 32. A drive coil 33 c that drives the relay contact 33 a is connected to the relay drive circuit 23. The inverter control circuit 20, current detection circuit 21, voltage detection circuit 22, and relay drive circuit 23 are connected to the I / O port 16. The voltage detection circuit 22 may detect the AC voltage of the electric circuit between the relay contact 33a and the branch breaker 51.

  The bus 50 is connected to the power system 7 via a relay contact 55 a of the disconnection relay 55 and the main breaker 56. Loads 61 and 62 including electric devices are connected to the bus 50 through an electric circuit coupled with a current transformer 54 and branch breakers 52 and 53, respectively. A solar power generation device (corresponding to a power generation device) 8 is connected to the bus 50 via a branch breaker 57. The solar power generation device 8 may be a power generation device that generates power using other natural energy such as wind power, tidal power, and geothermal heat.

  The current transformer 54 is connected to the current detection circuit 24 that detects the current flowing through the loads 61 and 62 based on the current flowing through the secondary coil of the current transformer 54. A drive coil 55 c that drives the relay contact 55 a is connected to the relay drive circuit 25. A power failure detector 26 is connected to the electrical path between the relay contact 55 a and the main breaker 56. The current detection circuit 24, the relay drive circuit 25, and the power failure detector 26 are connected to the I / O port 16.

  The solar power generation device 8 includes a solar panel 81 that generates power using sunlight, an inverter 82 that converts DC power generated by the solar panel 81 into AC power, and inverter control that controls power conversion by the inverter 82. A circuit 83. The AC side of the inverter 82 is connected to the branch breaker 57 via the relay contact 84 a of the disconnection relay 84. A drive coil 84 c that drives the relay contact 84 a is connected to the inverter control circuit 83. The inverter 82, the inverter control circuit 83, and the disconnecting relay 84 constitute a so-called power conditioner.

  The inverter control circuit 83 performs maximum power tracking control (MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracking) so that the power generated by the solar panel 81 is efficiently taken into the inverter 82. The inverter control circuit 83 also controls the inverter 82 so as to perform an interconnection operation in which an AC voltage is output in conjunction with a main body that applies an AC voltage to the bus 50. In this case, the disconnection relay 84 is controlled to be turned on by the inverter control circuit 83.

  In the above-described configuration, the main breaker 56 and the branch breakers 51, 52, 53, 57 of the distribution board 5 are closed and closed, and the power failure detector 26 detects whether or not the power system 7 has a power failure. . The detection result is taken into the CPU 11. When the power system 7 is not out of power, the CPU 11 controls the disconnect relay 55 to be turned on using the relay drive circuit 25, so that the AC voltage from the power system 7 is applied to the bus 50. Then, the solar power generation device 8 performs an interconnection operation linked to the power system 7 and supplies AC power to the loads 61 and 62.

  On the other hand, according to the setting from the operation display unit 27, the power conversion device 1 performs an operation of converting DC power from the EV4 storage battery into AC power, or performs an operation of converting AC power from the bus 50 into DC power. Or no operation is selected. When performing any of the operations, the CPU 11 turns on the disconnect relay 33 using the relay drive circuit 23 and instructs the inverter control circuit 20 of the operation details. The operation in which the power conversion device 1 converts the DC power into the AC power when the power system 7 is not interrupted is an interconnected operation linked to the power system 7. The voltage of the electric circuit 32 and the current flowing through the electric circuit 32 during the interconnection operation are respectively taken into the CPU 11 from the voltage detection circuit 22 and the current detection circuit 21.

  Here, when the power system 7 has a power failure, when the detection result of the power failure is taken into the CPU 11 from the power failure detector 26, the CPU 11 controls the disconnection relay 55 to be turned off by the relay drive circuit 25 and the power converter 1. And the solar power generation device 8 is disconnected from the power system 7. This is to prevent AC power from flowing backward to the power system 7 side when the power conversion device 1 performs a self-sustaining operation described later. Thereafter, the power conversion device 1 performs a self-sustained operation, and the solar power generation device 8 performs a linked operation that is linked to the self-sustained operation of the power conversion device 1.

  When the main breaker 56 is manually opened, the disconnect relay 55 may be turned off by turning on a contact (not shown) indicating the open / close state of the main breaker 56, for example. As described above, the power conversion device 1 includes the case where the disconnection relay 55 is turned off in response to the manual operation on the main breaker 56 and the case where the CPU 11 turns off the disconnection relay 55 in response to the detection of the power failure. In order to be able to start the self-sustained operation, the disconnecting relay 55 is provided with an auxiliary contact (not shown). When it is detected that the auxiliary contact has changed from on to off, the disconnection relay 55 is confirmed to be off, and the autonomous operation by the power converter 1 is started.

  When the power conversion device 1 performs a self-sustained operation, the inverter control circuit 20 performs control such that the voltage and frequency of the AC power output from the inverter 3 to the electric circuit 32 are the target voltage and the target frequency specified by the CPU 11. . In the first embodiment, a standard target voltage and a target frequency are set to a reference voltage (for example, 200 V) and a reference frequency (for example, 50.0 Hz or 60.0 Hz).

Hereinafter, the behavior of the power conversion device 1 and the solar power generation device 8 in the power supply system will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a flow of power supply during a non-power failure, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams illustrating a flow of power supply during a power failure. In the figure, reference numeral 41 denotes a storage battery of the EV4. 3 and 4 are different in the direction of AC power input / output from / to bus 50 by power conversion device 1. 2 to 4, the flow of AC power from the power system 7 and the power conversion device 1 is indicated by black arrows, and the flow of AC power from the solar power generation device is indicated by white arrows. Further, the power conversion device 1 is displayed as PCS (Power Control System) 1. The master breaker 56, branch breakers 51, 52, 53, 57, etc. are not shown.

  In FIG. 2, the solar power generation device 8 is grid-connected to the power system 7, converts the DC power generated by the solar panel 81 into AC power by the inverter 82, and supplies it to the bus 50 with a constant current. When the power conversion device 1 has stopped conversion (not shown), when only the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 is insufficient for the AC power consumed by the loads 61 and 62 including the electric equipment. In addition, the shortage of AC power is supplied from the power system 7.

  When the power converter 1 converts the DC power from the storage battery 41 of the EV 4 into AC power, the AC power from the power converter 1 and the AC power from the solar power generator 8 are supplied to the loads 61 and 62. Therefore, the AC power supplied from the power system 7 is reduced. On the other hand, when the power converter 1 converts the AC power from the bus 50 into DC power and charges the storage battery 41, the AC power supplied from the power system 7 increases accordingly.

  Moving to FIG. 3, when the power system 7 fails, the power conversion device 1 detects the power system 7 power failure as described above and switches the inverter 3 to the independent operation. That is, the CPU 11 gives an instruction to the inverter control circuit 20 so that the inverter 3 converts the DC power from the storage battery 41 into AC power and supplies it to the bus 50. In this case, the target voltage and the target frequency are set and instructed to the inverter control circuit 20 so that the AC voltage applied to the bus 50 by the inverter 3 becomes the above-described reference voltage and reference frequency.

  After the power system 7 fails, the solar power generation device 8 continues the operation by performing an interconnection operation linked to the autonomous operation of the power conversion device 1. If only the AC power that the solar power generation device 8 supplies to the loads 61 and 62 via the bus 50 is insufficient for the power consumed by the loads 61 and 62, the insufficient power is transferred from the power converter 1 to the load 61. , 62.

  4, when the AC power that the solar power generation device 8 should supply to the loads 61 and 62 via the bus 50 exceeds the power consumed by the loads 61 and 62, the surplus power is the power conversion device 1. Is converted to direct current power and used for charging the storage battery 41. Thereby, since the voltage rise of bus 50 is suppressed, the alternating voltage of bus 50 is maintained at the above-mentioned reference voltage. Switching of the conversion direction in the power converter 1 is autonomously performed by the inverter 3, for example. That is, when the AC voltage of the bus 50 exceeds the reference voltage output by the inverter 3 as the target voltage, the inverter 3 converts the AC power into DC power so that the regenerative power is regenerated to the DC side. To do.

Next, the operation of the inverter 3 having the above function will be described with reference to a specific example.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the inverter 3. The inverter 3 includes switching elements such as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), and power transistors in an H-bridge. In the first embodiment, switches Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 made of IGBT are used as switching elements. The collectors and emitters of the switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the cathodes and anodes of commutation (reflux) diodes (hereinafter simply referred to as diodes) D1, D2, D3, and D4.

  The collectors of the switches Q1 and Q3 included in each of the upper arms of the H bridge are connected to one end of the smoothing capacitor C1 and connected to the plus side of the electric circuit for connecting to the EV4 via the inductor L1. The emitters of the switches Q2 and Q4 included in each of the lower arms of the H bridge are connected to the other end of the smoothing capacitor C1 and to the negative side of the electric circuit for connecting to the EV4.

  The emitter of the switch Q3 is connected to the collector of the switch Q4, and is connected to one end of the smoothing capacitor C2 and one of the pair of electric paths 32 (shown by one line in FIG. 1) via the inductor L2. The emitter of the switch Q1 is connected to the collector of the switch Q2, and is connected to the other end of the smoothing capacitor C2 and the other of the pair of electric paths 32 via the inductor L3. The gates of the switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are connected to the inverter control circuit 20. The inverter control circuit 20 includes a drive circuit that drives these switches Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.

  In FIG. 5, when the DC power from the EV 4 is converted into AC power, the inverter 3 operates as a step-down DC / AC inverter, for example. Further, when converting AC power from the electric circuit 32 into DC power, the inverter 3 operates as, for example, a step-up AC / DC converter (that is, a switching power supply). Hereinafter, the conversion operation will be specifically described. When the disconnection relay 33 is on and the branch breaker 51 is closed, the AC voltage on the electric circuit 32 and the AC voltage on the bus 50 are the same.

When converting DC power from EV4 to AC power,
(A) By driving the switches Q3 and Q2 on / off by the PWM signal from the inverter control circuit 20, a voltage corresponding to one half wave of the AC voltage forming a sine wave is generated, and the generated voltage is expressed as L2. , L3 and C2 for smoothing.
(B) By driving the switches Q1 and Q4 on / off by the PWM signal from the inverter control circuit 20, a voltage corresponding to the other half wave of the AC voltage forming a sine wave is generated, and the generated voltage is expressed as L3 , L2 and C2 for smoothing.

When converting AC power from the electric circuit 32 to DC power,
(A) During the period corresponding to one half wave of the AC voltage forming the sine wave, the switch Q4 is connected to the PWM from the inverter control circuit 20 during the period when the voltage at one end is positive with respect to the other end of the smoothing capacitor C2. When driven on by a signal, a current flows through the path of the inductor L2, the switch Q4, the diode D2, and the inductor L3, and energy is stored in the inductors L2 and L3.
(B) When the switch Q4 is turned off, current flows back to the path of the inductor L2, the diode D3, the inductors L1, EV4, the diode D2, and the inductor L3, and the energy of the inductors L2 and L3 is released.
(C) During the period corresponding to the other half wave of the AC voltage forming the sine wave, the switch Q2 is connected to the PWM from the inverter control circuit 20 during the period when the voltage at one end is negative with respect to the other end of the smoothing capacitor C2. By driving on by the signal, a current flows through the path of the inductor L3, the switch Q2, the diode D4, and the inductor L2, and energy is stored in the inductors L3 and L2.
(D) When the switch Q2 is turned off, current flows back to the path of the inductor L3, the diode D1, the inductors L1, EV4, the diode D4, and the inductor L2, and the inductors L3 and L2 release energy.

  Now, as shown in FIG. 3, while the inverter 3 of the power converter 1 is converting the DC voltage into the AC voltage, the AC power from the photovoltaic power generator 8 exceeds the power consumed by the loads 61 and 62. In this state, the AC voltage of the bus 50, that is, the AC voltage of the electric circuit 32, exceeds the reference voltage that the inverter 3 outputs as the target voltage. For this reason, the voltage exceeding the reference voltage actively output by the inverter 3 among the AC voltage of the electric circuit 32 is the path of the inductor L2, the diode D3, the inductors L1, EV4, the diode D2 and the inductor L3, and the inductor L3, the diode. Rectification is performed in the path of D1, inductors L1, EV4, diode D4, and inductor L2.

  As a result, of the AC power from the solar power generation device 8, AC power that is not consumed by the loads 61 and 62, that is, surplus power, is taken into the inverter 3 from the bus 50 through the electric circuit 32 and converted into DC power. The Therefore, the voltage rise from the reference voltage in the electric circuit 32 and the bus 50 is suppressed, and the state shown in FIG. 4 continues stably.

  By the way, when a part of AC power from the solar power generation device 8 becomes surplus power in the state shown in FIG. 4, the solar power generation device 8 can be used while the power conversion device 1 can convert the surplus power to DC power. It is preferable to reduce the power generation amount. Therefore, in the first embodiment, when the magnitude of the AC power input to the power conversion device 1 exceeds the first power, the solar power generation device 8 takes measures to reduce the power generation amount, and the surplus power is reduced. When the second power larger than the first power is exceeded, the photovoltaic power generation device 8 is made to cut off the output of the AC power.

As a premise that the above measures are taken, at least a power generation facility operated in conjunction with the power system 7 in Japan suppresses the generated power when the AC voltage flowing back to the power system 7 increases excessively, Furthermore, it has a protection function that cuts off the output of AC power when the voltage that should be used to exhibit the overvoltage protection function (specifically, the voltage that is disconnected by the overvoltage relay (OVR)) is exceeded. . In the first embodiment, at least the solar power generation device 8 has this protection function.
Below, the procedure in the case of reducing the alternating current power from the solar power generation device 8 which has said protection function during the self-supporting operation | movement of the power converter device 1 and interrupting alternating current power is demonstrated using a flowchart. .

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the CPU 11 that controls the conversion operation of the power conversion device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 shows the first and second steps in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of CPU11 which concerns on the subroutine of electric power calculation. The process of FIG. 6 is started at a constant cycle (for example, every second) during the autonomous operation of the power conversion device 1. “Rated power” used in the process of FIG. 7 is stored in the ROM 12, for example, but may be written in the RAM 13.

  Before the process of FIG. 6 is first started after the initialization process of the CPU 11, the “target voltage” is set to “reference voltage” and the “voltage flag” is set to OFF. The “upper limit voltage” is set to a voltage slightly lower than the lower limit voltage at which the overvoltage protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8. The “set value” of the voltage increase width is arbitrarily set by a setting operation from the operation display unit 27. For example, the effect of increasing the target voltage by setting the “set value” to a small value of about 0.1 V may gradually appear. In the following, it is assumed that the set “target voltage” is instructed to the inverter control circuit 20 every time the “target voltage” is set.

  When the process of FIG. 6 is started, the CPU 11 detects the current input / output to / from the inverter 3 and the voltage of the electric circuit 32 by the current detection circuit 21 and the voltage detection circuit 22, and codes the input / output power of the inverter 3. (S12: equivalent to means for detecting input / output direction and magnitude of AC power). CPU11 determines whether there exists inflow of the alternating current power from the outside of the power converter device 1 based on the code | symbol of the calculated input / output power (S13: It is determined whether the detected direction is an input direction). If there is an inflow (S13: YES), the subroutine relating to the first and second power calculation is called and executed (S14).

  When returning from the subroutine relating to the first and second power calculations, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the input power calculated in step S12 is larger than the first power set in the subroutine (S15: the magnitude is predetermined). If it is large (S15: YES), in order to memorize that the target voltage is raised, the voltage flag is turned on first (S16).

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the input power is greater than or equal to the second power that is greater than the first power (S17). When the power is equal to or higher than the second power (S17: YES), the CPU 11 sets the target voltage of the AC voltage output in the independent operation to the voltage of the upper limit voltage plus (+) α (S18), and further measures the time by the timer 14. Start (S19) and finish the process of FIG. The time measured here may be a predetermined time, or may be a time set from the operation display unit 27. The start of timing is set in the status of the timer 14.

  The value of α is higher than the lower limit voltage at which the overvoltage protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8 (specifically, the lower limit voltage disconnected by the overvoltage relay (OVR)). It is a value which makes it higher. Thereby, when the AC voltage output from the power conversion device 1 to the electric circuit 32 becomes equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage at which the overvoltage protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8, the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 is obtained. Is cut off. Note that the target voltage is lowered to a voltage lower than the upper limit voltage (specifically, the upper limit voltage disconnected by the undervoltage relay (UVR)) at which the low-voltage protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8. You may do it. Further, instead of changing the target voltage, the target frequency may be changed to a frequency at which the grid connection protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8 (for details, see step S58 in FIG. 9 described later). .

  If the input power is not greater than or equal to the second power in step S17 (S17: NO), the CPU 11 calculates a voltage obtained by subtracting the current target voltage from the upper limit voltage as an increase determination value (S20), and calculates the increase determination value. Is greater than or equal to the set value of the voltage rise width (S21)

  When the increase determination value is equal to or greater than the set value (S21: YES), the CPU 11 sets a voltage obtained by adding the set value to the target voltage as a new target voltage (S22: equivalent to means for increasing the AC voltage by the set value). ), The process of FIG. Thereby, when the AC voltage output from the power conversion device 1 to the electric circuit 32 increases by a set value and is detected as an excessive voltage increase by the solar power generation device 8, the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 is It is suppressed. On the other hand, when the increase determination value is not equal to or higher than the set value (S21: NO), the CPU 11 ends the process of FIG. 6 without increasing the target voltage further.

  If there is no inflow of AC power from the outside in step S13 (S13: NO), or if the input power is not greater than the first power in step S15 (S15: NO), the CPU 11 determines whether the voltage flag is on. That is, it is determined whether or not the target voltage is increased (S23). When the voltage flag is not on (S23: NO), the CPU 11 ends the process of FIG. 6 without performing any special process.

  When the voltage flag is on (S23: YES), the CPU 11 determines whether or not the timer 14 has started counting based on the status of the timer 14 set in step S19 (S24). When the time measurement by the timer 14 is started (S24: YES), that is, when the target voltage is set to the upper limit voltage + α, the CPU 11 determines whether or not the timer 14 has finished the time measurement (S25), and the time measurement is performed. If not completed (S25: NO), the process of FIG. 6 is terminated without performing any special process. When the timer 14 finishes timing (S25: YES), that is, when a predetermined time or a set time has elapsed since the target voltage was raised to the upper limit voltage + α, the CPU 11 returns the target voltage to the reference voltage. Then, the process proceeds to step S29 described later.

  In step S24, when the time measurement by the timer 14 is not started (S24: NO), that is, when the target voltage is increased by the set value, the CPU 11 determines to decrease the voltage obtained by subtracting the reference voltage from the current target voltage. It is calculated as a value (S26), and it is determined whether or not the calculated decrease determination value is smaller than the set value of the voltage increase width (S27).

  When the decrease determination value is not smaller than the set value of the voltage increase width (S27: NO), that is, when there is room to decrease the target voltage in the direction of returning to the reference voltage, the CPU 11 calculates the voltage obtained by subtracting the set value from the target voltage. A new target voltage is set (S28: equivalent to a means for reducing the AC voltage by a set value), and the process of FIG.

  On the other hand, when the decrease determination value is smaller than the set value of the voltage increase width (S27: YES), that is, when there is no room to decrease the target voltage in the direction of returning to the reference voltage, the CPU 11 returns the target voltage to the reference voltage ( S29), the voltage flag is set to OFF (S30), the timer 14 stops counting (S31), and the process of FIG. 6 is terminated. In step S31, the status indicating that the timing has been started is reset.

  Moving to FIG. 7, when the subroutine relating to the first and second power calculation is called, the CPU 11 reads the rated power of the PCS (power converter) 1 from the ROM 12 or the RAM 13 (S35), and the read rated power is obtained. For example, the first power is multiplied by 0.8 (S36). Next, the CPU 11 multiplies the rated power by, for example, 0.95 to obtain the second power (S37), and returns to the called routine. The values multiplied by the rated power in steps S36 and S37 are not limited to 0.8 and 0.95, and may be determined as appropriate according to design conditions.

  As described above, the process of FIG. 6 is periodically started and executed, and the process of FIG. 7 is called as necessary, so that the power input from the electric circuit 32 to the inverter 3 is larger than the first power (or AC power from the solar power generation device 8 is suppressed (or blocked).

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, a power failure is detected in the power system 7, the power conversion device 1 performs a self-sustained operation, and the solar power generation device 8 performs a connected operation linked to the self-sustained operation. . AC power supplied from these devices is supplied to loads 61 and 62. When a part of the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 becomes surplus power with respect to the power consumed by the loads 61 and 62 in such a connection configuration, the AC voltage at the output end of the power conversion device 1 is self-supporting. It will exceed the reference voltage in operation. In this case, the power conversion device 1 takes in AC power from the solar power generation device 8 and converts it into DC power, and charges the EV (power storage device) 4 with the converted DC power. Thereby, since the surplus electric power from the solar power generation device 8 is taken into the EV 4, the AC voltage at the output end of the power conversion device 1 is maintained at the reference voltage.

The power conversion device 1 detects the input / output direction and magnitude of AC power in a self-sustained operation. When AC power larger than the first power is input, the overvoltage protection function of the grid connection protection function is The voltage lower than the voltage exhibited by the photovoltaic device 8 is set as the upper limit voltage, and the AC voltage output in the self-sustaining operation is increased by a set value. Thereby, when an increase in AC voltage is detected by the solar power generation device 8 and the function of reducing the generated power is exhibited, the AC power supplied from the solar power generation device 8 is reduced.
Therefore, when the solar power generation device 8 that uses natural energy and the power conversion device 1 that performs independent operation using the EV (power storage device) 4 are combined, excessive power generation by the solar power generation device 8 is suppressed. Is possible.

In addition, according to the first embodiment, when AC power larger than the first power is not input to the power conversion device 1, the voltage of the AC power output in the self-sustained operation is set to the set value with the reference voltage as the lower limit. Reduce.
Therefore, when the surplus power supplied from the solar power generation device 8 decreases, the voltage of the AC power output by the self-sustaining operation can be returned to a voltage at which the solar power generation device 8 does not exhibit the function of reducing the generated power. It becomes.

Furthermore, according to the first embodiment, an H bridge (diode (commutation diode) D1, D2, D3, D4 is connected in parallel to the switches (switching elements) Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 included in each arm). The inverter 3 using a full bridge) converts direct current power and alternating current power in both directions.
Therefore, when the AC voltage applied from the solar power generation device 8 is higher than the AC voltage that the inverter 3 tries to output when converting DC power into AC power, the solar power generation device 8 Can be rectified by the diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4 and converted into DC power, and the EV (power storage device) 4 can be charged with the converted DC power.

(Modification)
The first embodiment is a form in which the first power is calculated as a fixed value, whereas the modified example of the first embodiment is based on the power consumption in the loads 61 and 62 and the SOC of the storage battery 41 of the EV4. This is a form for calculating one electric power.
The configuration of the power supply system in the modification of the first embodiment, the flow of power supply during non-power failure and power failure, the configuration of the inverter 3, and the processing procedure of the CPU 11 that controls the conversion operation of the power conversion device 1 are shown in FIG. Since it is the same as that shown in 1 to 6, the same reference numerals are given to portions corresponding to the first embodiment, and description and explanation of these drawings are omitted.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the CPU 11 according to the first and second power calculation subroutines in the modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. When the subroutine relating to the first and second power calculation is called, the CPU 11 reads the rated power of the PCS (power converter) 1 from the ROM 12 or the RAM 13 (S41), and sets, for example, 0.9 to the spilled rated power. The first power is multiplied to be multiplied (S42), and the rated power is multiplied by, for example, 0.95 to be the second power (S43).

  Thereafter, the CPU 11 detects the current input to the loads 61 and 62 and the voltage of the electric circuit 32, calculates the power consumption of the loads 61 and 62 (S44), and changes the power consumption according to the calculated small / large power consumption. 1 Power is reduced (S45). That is, the reduction amount of the first power is increased (or decreased) as the power consumption is smaller (or larger). Specifically, when the power required by the loads 61 and 62 is large, the first power is also maintained at a large value, so that the generated power of the solar power generation device 8 is difficult to be reduced and the utilization efficiency is increased. .

  Next, the CPU 11 acquires the SOC of the storage battery 41 of the EV 4 using the CAN communication unit 15 (S46), further reduces the first power according to the acquired SOC size (S47), and the called routine Return to That is, the reduction amount of the first power is increased (or decreased) as the SOC is larger (or smaller). Specifically, when the SOC is large and the charging power that can be received by the storage battery 41 is small, the first power is also reduced to a small value, so that the power generated by the solar power generation device 8 is easily reduced.

  As described above, according to the modification of the first embodiment, in addition to the same effects as the first embodiment, by considering the power consumption of the loads 61 and 62 and the SOC of the EV4 storage battery 41, As long as the storage battery 41 permits charging, the generated power of the solar power generation device 8 can be used efficiently.

(Embodiment 2)
In Embodiment 1, when a part of the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 becomes surplus power, the target voltage of the power conversion device 1 is increased to reduce and block the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 In contrast to the embodiment, the second embodiment changes the target frequency of the power conversion device 1 and cuts off the AC power from the solar power generation device 8 when the storage battery 41 cannot afford the charging power. It is a form.

  The configuration of the power supply system according to the second embodiment, the flow of power supply at the time of non-power failure and power failure, the configuration of the inverter 3, and the processing procedure of the CPU 11 that controls the conversion operation of the power conversion device 1 are shown in FIGS. Therefore, portions corresponding to those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description and explanation of these drawings are omitted.

Below, the procedure which interrupts | blocks the alternating current power from the solar power generation device 8 during the independent operation of the power converter device 1 is demonstrated using a flowchart.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of the CPU 11 that controls the conversion operation of the power conversion device 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The process of FIG. 9 is started at a constant cycle (for example, every second) during the self-sustaining operation of the power conversion device 1.

  Before the processing shown in the figure is first started after the initialization processing of the CPU 11, the “target frequency” is set to “reference frequency” and the “frequency flag” is set to OFF. In the following, it is assumed that each time the “target frequency” is set and changed, the set and changed “target frequency” is instructed to the inverter control circuit 20.

  When the process of FIG. 9 is activated, the CPU 11 acquires the SOC of the storage battery 41 of the EV 4 using the CAN communication unit 15 (S52: equivalent to means for acquiring the SOC), and then whether or not the frequency flag is on. Is determined (S53). When the frequency flag is not on (S53: NO), that is, when the target frequency of the AC power output in the independent operation is not changed from the reference frequency, the CPU 11 uses the current detection circuit 21 to change the AC power of the inverter 3. The input / output current is fetched with a sign (S54).

  Next, the CPU 11 determines whether or not an alternating current is flowing from the outside of the power conversion device 1 based on the sign of the input / output current that has been taken in (S55), and if not (S55: NO) Then, the process of FIG. 9 is terminated without executing any special process. On the other hand, when a current is flowing from the outside (S55: YES), the CPU 11 determines whether or not the SOC acquired in step S52 is larger than 99%, for example (S56: Is the SOC larger than a predetermined threshold value). If it is not large (S56: NO), the process in FIG. 9 is terminated without executing any special process.

  When the acquired SOC is larger than 99% (S56: YES), that is, when the storage battery 41 has no room for accepting the charging power, the CPU 11 stores a frequency flag for storing that the target frequency is changed from the reference frequency. Is turned on (S57). Then, the CPU 11 changes the frequency changed by plus / minus (±) (3 + β)% around the reference frequency to the target frequency (S58: means for changing to a frequency or voltage at which the grid connection protection function is exhibited) 9), the process of FIG. For example, when the reference frequency is 50.0 Hz (or 60.0 Hz), the target frequency to be changed in step S58 is preferably higher (or lower) than the reference frequency.

  Here, β is a value that allows the frequency obtained by changing the reference frequency by ± (3 + β)% to be a frequency (outside the predetermined range) at which the grid connection protection function is exhibited in the photovoltaic power generation device 8. It is. Thereby, when the frequency of the alternating current power which the power converter device 1 outputs to the electric circuit 32 turns into the frequency with which the grid connection protection function is exhibited in the solar power generation device 8, the alternating current from the solar power generation device 8 Power is cut off. Thereafter, since the power conversion device 1 converts the DC power from the EV4 storage battery 41 into AC power and supplies it to the loads 61 and 62, the storage battery 41 is discharged over time and the SOC decreases. In step S58, the voltage at which the grid connection protection function is exhibited (outside the predetermined range) in the solar power generation device 8 may be set as the target voltage.

  If the frequency flag is on in step S53 (S53: YES), that is, if the target frequency has already been changed from the reference frequency, the CPU 11 determines whether the SOC acquired in step S52 has decreased to 90% or less. That is, it is determined whether or not the discharge has progressed until there is room for the storage battery 41 to accept the charging power (S59: equivalent to a means for determining whether or not it is equal to or less than the second threshold).

  When the SOC is not 90% or less (S59: NO), the CPU 11 ends the process of FIG. 9 while leaving the target frequency as it is. On the other hand, when the SOC is 90% or less (S59: YES), the CPU 11 sets the frequency flag to OFF (S60), and returns the target frequency to the reference frequency (S61: equivalent to means for prohibiting change). The process of 9 is finished.

  As described above, when the process of FIG. 9 is periodically started and executed, and an AC current flows into the inverter 3 from the outside and the EV4 storage battery 41 is charged, when the SOC is larger than 99%, AC power from the photovoltaic device 8 is cut off.

  In the second embodiment, the process of step S56 is executed when there is an inflow of an external current in steps S54 and S55. However, the SOC is greater than 99% because the AC current from the outside of the inverter 3 is increased. The process of steps S54 and S55 may be omitted. Specifically, when the frequency flag is not on (S53: NO), the CPU 11 determines whether or not the SOC is greater than 99% (S56).

As described above, according to the second embodiment, when the power conversion device 1 continues to be charged while the power conversion device 1 performs the autonomous operation, and the SOC of the storage battery 41 included in the EV 4 becomes greater than 99%, The power conversion device 1 changes the frequency or voltage of the AC voltage output in the self-sustaining operation to a frequency or voltage outside the predetermined range such that the grid connection protection function is exhibited. Thereby, when the grid connection protection function is demonstrated in the solar power generation device 8, the alternating current power from the solar power generation device 8 is interrupted | blocked.
Therefore, when the solar power generation device 8 that uses natural energy and the power conversion device 1 that performs independent operation using the EV (power storage device) 4 are combined, excessive power generation by the solar power generation device 8 can be suppressed. It becomes possible.

Moreover, according to Embodiment 2, after changing the frequency or voltage of the alternating current power in the self-sustained operation of the power converter 1, when the SOC of the obtained storage battery 41 becomes 90% or less, which is smaller than 99%, until then. Return the changed frequency or voltage of the AC power to the reference frequency or reference voltage.
Therefore, when discharging progresses until the charging is acceptable at EV4, the interconnection protection function in the solar power generation device 8 is not exhibited, and power generation can be resumed.

  Further, according to the first and second embodiments, the power conversion device 1 converts surplus power from the solar power generation device 8 into DC power and charges the EV 4, and the power from the solar power generation device 8 is insufficient. In this case, since EV4 is discharged, the self-sustained operation can be continued longer than in the case where the surplus power is not charged / discharged.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the meanings described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims. In addition, the technical features described in each embodiment can be combined with each other.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power converter 10 Control part 11 CPU
12 ROM
13 RAM
15 CAN communication part 21 Current detection circuit 22 Voltage detection circuit 3 Inverter D1, D2, D3, D4 Commutation diode Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Switch 31 Current transformer 33 Disconnecting relay 4 EV
41 Storage Battery 5 Distribution Panel 55 Disconnect Relay 56 Master Breaker 61, 62 Load 7 Power System 8 Solar Power Generation Device 81 Solar Panel 82 Inverter

Claims (4)

A power supply system for supplying power from a power storage device and a power generation device to a load,
When the output power of the power generation device is less than the power consumption of the load, the power storage device supplies AC power to the load by discharging, and when the output power of the power generation device is greater than or equal to the power consumption of the load, Of the output power of the power generation device, surplus power that exceeds the power supplied to the load is charged.   The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation device is a solar power generation device.   The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the power storage device has a rechargeable storage battery. A power line for supplying power from a power system to the power storage device and the load;
A switch for opening and closing the power line,
The power storage device shuts off the electrical connection between the power system and the power storage device by turning off the switch when the power system fails, and the power system and the load. The electric power supply system of any one of Claim 1 to 3 which interrupts | blocks the electrical connection between these.

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