JP2017180931A - Condenser - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a condenser capable of obtaining excellent condensation characteristics even when a deformed object such as an isomer is formed in a working medium by heating.SOLUTION: A condenser 25 of one embodiment comprises: a first condensation part 40 condensing a working medium; a second condensation part 50 condensing a deformed object in which a structure of an organic substance contained in the working medium is deformed; an introduction pipe 60 guiding the working medium from a turbine 23 to the first condensation part 40; an introduction pipe 61 guiding the working medium from the turbine 23 to the second condensation part 50; a gas flow passage selector valve 62 causing the working medium from the turbine 23 to flow into the introduction pipe 60 or the introduction pipe 61; a delivery pipe 80 guiding the working medium condensed in the first condensation part 40 to a circulation path 29 of a Rankine cycle; a communication pipe 70 guiding residual gas not condensed in the first condensation part 40 to the introduction pipe 61; a communication pipe 71 guiding residual gas not condensed in the second condensation part 50 to the introduction pipe 60; and a delivery pipe 82 delivering the deformed object condensed in the second condensation part 50.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a condenser.

  There is a Rankine cycle type power generation facility that uses a boiler as a working medium as steam and introduces the steam into a steam turbine to generate power. One type of Rankine cycle system is an organic Rankine cycle, which uses a low-boiling organic medium as a working medium. In an organic Rankine cycle using an organic medium having a low boiling point, a working medium having a boiling point lower than that of water is heated by a boiler or the like to generate steam, and the turbine is rotated by the steam. As a result, heat energy is converted to kinetic energy.

  The Rankine cycle basically consists of (A) a process in which saturated water is adiabatically compressed with a feed water pump and supplied to the boiler, (B) a process in which isobaric heating is performed in the boiler to make saturated or superheated steam, and (C) a prime mover ( There are four processes: a process in which adiabatic expansion is performed in a turbine or the like, and work is generated, and (D) the exhaust gas is cooled at a constant pressure in a condenser to become saturated water.

  Until around 1990, for example, chlorofluorocarbon-based substances were used as low-boiling organic media. However, chlorofluorocarbon-based substances have been prohibited or restricted because they destroy the ozone layer and have a high global warming potential (GWP).

  In addition to chlorofluorocarbon materials, flammable hydrocarbon-based materials such as butane and pentane are widely used as low-boiling organic media. However, since these hydrocarbon-based substances are flammable, use as a working medium is problematic from the viewpoint of safety. In addition, when using a flammable working medium, it is necessary to install a device for safety measures, which increases the installation cost.

  In recent years, hydrofluoroolefin-based substances that are the same fluorine-based hydrocarbons as chlorofluorocarbons but do not destroy the ozone layer and have a low global warming potential have been developed. An organic Rankine cycle power generation facility that uses this hydrofluoroolefin-based substance as a working medium has been developed.

  This hydrofluoroolefin-based substance has a low global warming potential, but its structure may be changed or decomposed into an isomer or the like at high temperatures. For example, the boiling point of the deformed material changes. When such a working medium containing a variant having a different boiling point is used, the condensing capacity of the condenser decreases, and the pressure in the condenser increases. This reduces the pressure difference between the turbine inlet and outlet and reduces turbine output.

  In order to cope with such a problem, an organic Rankine cycle power generation facility including a reaction suppression unit that suppresses an isomerization reaction of a working medium has been studied.

JP2015-83899A

  However, in the conventional organic Rankine cycle power generation facility, the isomerization reaction of the working medium cannot be completely suppressed. That is, in the conventional organic Rankine cycle power generation facility, it is difficult to eliminate the presence of deformation products such as isomers in the working medium. Furthermore, in a conventional organic Rankine cycle power generation facility, it is not possible to remove isomers and the like generated in the working medium.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a condenser in which excellent condensate characteristics can be obtained even when deformations such as isomers are formed in the working medium by heating or the like.

  The condenser of the embodiment is provided in a facility that circulates organic matter as a working medium in a Rankine cycle, and condenses the working medium of gas discharged from a turbine. The condenser includes a first condensing part for condensing the working medium, a second condensing part for mainly condensing a deformed product in which the structure of the organic substance contained in the working medium is deformed, and A first introduction pipe that guides the working medium to the first condensing unit; a second introduction pipe that guides the working medium from the turbine to the second condensing part; and the working medium from the turbine. A gas flow path switching valve that flows through the first introduction pipe or the second introduction pipe.

  Further, the condenser includes a first outlet pipe that guides the working medium condensed in the first condensing unit to the circulation path of the Rankine cycle, and an open / close valve, and the residual that does not condense in the first condensing unit A first communication pipe that guides gas to the second introduction pipe; a second communication pipe that includes an open / close valve and guides residual gas that does not condense in the second condensation section to the first introduction pipe; A second outlet pipe for leading out the deformation condensed in the second condenser.

It is the figure which showed typically the organic Rankine cycle power generation equipment provided with the condenser of embodiment. It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the condenser of embodiment. It is the figure which showed typically the structure of the 2nd condensing part in the condenser of embodiment. It is the figure which showed an example of the temperature change in the temperature detector group of the condenser of embodiment. It is the figure which showed an example of the temperature change in the temperature detector group of the condenser of embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  Drawing 1 is a figure showing typically organic Rankine cycle power generation equipment 10 provided with condenser 25 of an embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the organic Rankine cycle power generation facility 10 includes a boiler 21, a heat source 22, a turbine 23, a generator 24, a condenser 25, a cooling tower 26, and a liquid feed pump 27. The organic Rankine cycle power generation facility 10 includes a heat medium line 28 through which a heat medium from the heat source 22 flows and a circulation path 29 through which a working medium flows.

  The circulation path 29 connects between the boiler 21 and the turbine 23, between the turbine 23 and the condenser 25, between the condenser 25 and the liquid feed pump 27, and between the liquid feed pump 27 and the boiler 21. doing. And a working medium circulates in order of the boiler 21, the turbine 23, the condenser 25, and the liquid feeding pump 27, for example.

  The heat medium supplied from the heat source 22 only needs to have an amount of heat that makes the liquid working medium vapor (gas) in the boiler 21. Examples of the heat medium include geothermal steam, geothermal water, geothermal gas, exhaust gas from a prime mover, and the like.

  The working medium is a medium made of an organic substance having a lower boiling point than water. Examples of the working medium include hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) or hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) having a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecular structure.

  The boiler 21 heats the working medium with the heat medium from the heat source 22 and evaporates it into steam. As shown in FIG. 1, a circulation path 29 is connected to the boiler 21, and a liquid working medium is supplied to the boiler 21. The boiler 21 only needs to exchange heat between the heat medium and the working medium.

  In the turbine 23, a rotational force is obtained from the pressure of the steam from the boiler 21, and the turbine shaft is rotationally driven. The generator 24 is connected to the turbine shaft. And in the generator 24, it produces electric power by obtaining rotational force from a turbine shaft.

  The condenser 25 cools and condenses the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23. The condenser 25 cooled by the cooling tower 26 is pumped to the condenser 25. An example of the refrigerant is water. The configuration of the condenser 25 will be described in detail later.

  The liquid feed pump 27 pressure-feeds the working medium that has become liquid in the condenser 25 to the boiler 21.

  By providing the above-described configuration, a Rankine cycle using an organic medium having a low boiling point is realized.

  Next, the condenser 25 of the embodiment will be described.

  Drawing 2 is a figure showing typically the composition of condenser 25 of an embodiment. Drawing 3 is a figure showing typically the composition of the 2nd condensation part 50 in condenser 25 of an embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the condenser 25 includes a first condensing unit 40, a second condensing unit 50, introduction pipes 60 and 61, a gas flow path switching valve 62, communication pipes 70 and 71, an outlet pipe 80, 81, 82, a liquid flow path switching valve 83, a recovery unit 90, cooling pipes 100, 101, a temperature detector 110, and a control unit 120.

  The first condensing unit 40 has a housing shape and condenses the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23. The first condensing unit 40 is connected to an introduction pipe 60 that guides the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23 into the first condensing unit 40. The introduction pipe 60 is connected to the upper part of the 1st condensation part 40, for example. The introduction pipe 60 functions as a first introduction pipe.

  A plurality of cooling pipes 100 through which the refrigerant flows are provided inside the first condensing unit 40. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the cooling pipe 100 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the working medium introduced into the first condensing unit 40 flows. The cooling pipe 100 is provided in a plurality of stages in the direction in which the working medium flows. The direction in which the working medium flows is the direction in which the main flow of the working medium flows. For example, in FIG. 2, the direction from the upper side to the lower side of the first condensing unit 40.

  Although not shown, a plurality of cooling pipes 100 are arranged in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in each stage. Each cooling pipe 100 is a branch pipe branched from the main pipe 102 through which the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 flows. The main pipe 102 is a pipe that guides the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 to the first condensing unit 40 side.

  The coolant supplied from the cooling tower 26 flows inside the cooling pipe 100. And the working medium which contacted the cooling pipe 100 is cooled.

  Here, in the first condensing unit 40, the temperature of the upper working medium into which the working medium is introduced is higher than the temperature of the lower working medium. Therefore, for example, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 100 may be reduced as the flow goes from the upper stage to the lower stage. In this case, for example, the flow rate of the refrigerant in each stage may be adjusted by changing the pipe diameter of the cooling pipe 100 or the throttle diameter of the pipe inlet. Further, the flow rate of the refrigerant in each stage may be adjusted by making the pipe diameter of the cooling pipe 100 and the throttle diameter of the pipe inlet equal and changing the number of the cooling pipes 100 in each stage.

  An outlet pipe 80 that guides the condensed working medium to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle is connected to the bottom of the first condensing unit 40. The outlet pipe 80 functions as a first outlet pipe.

  A communication pipe 70 that guides residual gas that is not condensed in the first condensing unit 40 to the introduction pipe 61 is connected to the side surface on the bottom side of the first condensing part 40. One end of the communication pipe 70 is connected above the upper surface of the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the first condensing unit 40. That is, one end of the communication pipe 70 is connected to the side surface position of the first condensing unit 40 where the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the first condensing part 40 does not flow into the communication pipe 70.

  The other end of the communication pipe 70 is connected to the introduction pipe 61. The communication pipe 70 is provided with an open / close valve 72. By opening the opening / closing valve 72, residual gas that does not condense in the first condensing unit 40 flows into the second condensing unit 50 through the introduction pipe 61. When the on-off valve 72 is closed, the flow of residual gas from the first condensing unit 40 to the second condensing unit 50 is blocked. The communication pipe 70 functions as a first communication pipe.

  The second condensing unit 50 has a housing shape and condenses the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23. In the 2nd condensing part 50, the deformation | transformation body which the structure of the organic substance contained in a working medium deform | transformed mainly is condensed. The boiling point of this deformed product is different from the boiling point of the original organic material whose structure is not deformed. Utilizing the fact that the boiling points are different, the second condensed portion 50 condenses the deformed product.

  The second condensing unit 50 is connected to an introduction pipe 61 that guides the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23 into the second condensing unit 50. The introduction pipe 61 is connected to the upper part of the second condensing unit 50, for example. The introduction pipe 61 functions as a second introduction pipe.

  Here, at the upstream ends of the introduction pipe 61 and the introduction pipe 60, a gas flow path switching valve 62 is provided as shown in FIG. The gas flow path switching valve 62 switches the gas working medium from the turbine 23 to the introduction pipe 60 or the introduction pipe 61 to flow. That is, by switching the gas flow path switching valve 62, the working medium from the turbine 23 can flow through either the introduction pipe 60 or the introduction pipe 61.

  A plurality of cooling pipes 101 through which refrigerant flows are provided inside the second condensing unit 50. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the cooling pipe 101 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the working medium introduced into the second condensing unit 50 flows. The cooling pipe 101 is provided in a plurality of stages in the direction in which the working medium flows. The direction in which the working medium flows is the direction in which the main flow of the working medium flows. For example, in FIG. 2, the direction from the upper side of the second condensing unit 50 to the lower side.

  Although not shown, a plurality of cooling pipes 101 are arranged in parallel in each stage in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

  Each cooling pipe 101 is a branch pipe branched from the main pipe 103 through which the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 flows. The main pipe 103 is a pipe that guides the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 to the second condensing unit 50 side. The main pipe 103 is provided with a flow rate adjustment valve 104 and a temperature regulator 105. The temperature regulator 105 is provided closer to the cooling pipe 101 than the flow rate adjustment valve 104.

  Here, the temperature regulator 105 is configured by, for example, a chiller capable of adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant. By providing this temperature regulator 105, it is possible to flow refrigerants having different temperatures through the cooling pipe 100 and the cooling pipe 101. The temperature regulator 105 may be provided in the main pipe 102 instead of being provided in the main pipe 103.

  Inside the cooling pipe 101, the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 via the temperature regulator 105 flows. And the working medium which contacted the cooling pipe 101 is cooled.

  Here, similarly to the first condensing unit 40, also in the second condensing unit 50, the temperature of the upper working medium into which the working medium is introduced is higher than the temperature of the lower working medium. Therefore, similarly to the first condensing unit 40, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through each stage of the cooling pipe 101 may be adjusted.

  A discharge pipe 84 that discharges the condensed working medium (deformation) is connected to the bottom of the second condensing unit 50. For example, a pump 85 is interposed in the discharge pipe 84. The pump 85 pumps the liquid working medium accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 to the outlet pipes 81 and 82.

  A liquid flow path switching valve 83 is provided at the downstream end of the discharge pipe 84. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, outlet pipes 81 and 82 are connected to the liquid flow path switching valve 83. The liquid flow path switching valve 83 switches the flow of the liquid working medium flowing through the discharge pipe 84 to the lead-out pipe 81 or the lead-out pipe 82. That is, by switching the liquid flow path switching valve 83, the liquid working medium flowing through the discharge pipe 84 can be flowed to either the lead-out pipe 81 or the lead-out pipe 82. The outlet pipe 81 functions as a third outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe 82 functions as a second outlet pipe.

  The downstream end of the outlet pipe 81 is connected to a pipe that guides the condensed working medium to the circulation system of the Rankine cycle. Here, an example in which the downstream end of the outlet pipe 81 is connected to the outlet pipe 80 is shown.

  The downstream end of the outlet pipe 82 is connected to the collection unit 90. The collection unit 90 includes a tank or the like, and collects a liquid deformation product. In addition, when there is no problem even if the modified product is discharged to the outside of the organic Rankine cycle power generation facility 10, the recovery unit 90 may not be provided.

  A communication pipe 71 that guides residual gas that is not condensed by the second condensing unit 50 to the introduction pipe 60 is connected to the side surface on the bottom side of the second condensing part 50. One end of the communication pipe 71 is connected above the upper surface of the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50. That is, one end of the communication pipe 71 is connected to a side surface position of the second condensing unit 50 where the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing part 50 does not flow into the communication pipe 71.

  The other end of the communication pipe 71 is connected to the introduction pipe 60. The communication pipe 71 is provided with an open / close valve 73. By opening the opening / closing valve 73, residual gas that does not condense in the second condensing unit 50 flows into the first condensing unit 40 through the introduction pipe 60. When the on-off valve 73 is closed, the flow of residual gas from the second condensing unit 50 to the first condensing unit 40 is blocked. The communication pipe 71 functions as a second communication pipe.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plurality of temperature detectors 110 are arranged inside the second condensing unit 50. The temperature detector 110 detects the temperature of the internal space of the second condensing unit 50. The temperature detector 110 is composed of, for example, a thermocouple.

  A plurality of temperature detectors 110 are provided in a direction along the cooling pipe 101. A plurality of temperature detectors 110 provided in a direction along the cooling pipe 101 constitute a one-stage temperature detector group. The direction along the cooling pipe 101 is a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the working medium flows.

  The temperature detector group is provided in a plurality of stages in the direction in which the working medium introduced into the second condensing unit 50 flows. Here, for example, the temperature detector group is arranged in the order of the temperature detector group 110A, the temperature detector group 110B, the temperature detector group 110C, the temperature detector group 110D, and the temperature detector group 110E in the direction in which the working medium flows. It is out. Moreover, each temperature detector group 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E is shifted from the cooling pipe 101 in the direction in which the working medium flows, for example, as shown in FIG.

  For example, the control unit 120 acquires and processes information from each unit of the condenser 25 and controls the operation of each unit. The control unit 120 mainly includes, for example, an arithmetic unit (CPU), storage means such as a read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), input / output means, and the like. In the CPU, for example, various arithmetic processes are executed using a program or data stored in the storage means.

  The input / output means inputs an electric signal from an external device or outputs an electric signal to the external device. Specifically, the input / output means includes a gas flow path switching valve 62, a liquid flow path switching valve 83, open / close valves 72 and 73, a flow rate adjustment valve 104, a pump 85, a temperature regulator 105, and the like, and various signal outputs and inputs. Connected as possible. The processing executed by the control unit 120 is realized by, for example, a computer device.

  The control unit 120, for example, based on an output signal from each temperature detector 110, the gas flow path switching valve 62, the liquid flow path switching valve 83, the open / close valves 72 and 73, the flow rate adjustment valve 104, the pump 85, and the temperature adjustment The device 105 is controlled.

  Note that the input / output means may be connected to the cooling tower 26 so that signals can be input / output. In this case, the control unit 120 controls the cooling tower 26.

  Next, the operation of the condenser 25 will be described.

  As described above, the organic substance having a boiling point lower than that of water used in the present embodiment may be deformed by the structure being deformed in the heating process of the Rankine cycle. And a deformation | transformation object circulates through the circulation path 29 shown in FIG. 1 in the state contained in the working medium.

  The boiling point of such a deformed product is different from the boiling point of an organic material whose structure is not deformed (hereinafter, referred to as an initial organic material). Here, the initial boiling point of the organic substance is Tb. And let the boiling point of the deformation | transformation object whose boiling point was initially higher than the boiling point Tb of organic substance be Tu. Initially, the boiling point of the deformed product whose boiling point is lower than the boiling point Tb of the organic substance is defined as Td.

  Here, (1) when the working medium (initial organic substance) includes a modified substance having a boiling point Tu, (2) when the working medium (initial organic substance) includes a modified substance having a boiling point Td, (3) working medium (initial organic substance). The operation of the condenser 25 will be described with respect to the case in which a modification of the boiling point Tu and the boiling point Td is included.

  Incidentally, on the basis of conditions such as organic type and the heating temperature, variations to be formed can predict in advance what things. Therefore, the boiling point of the deformation is also known in advance. Therefore, in the above (1) to (3), it is assumed that information such as the boiling point of the deformation is stored in the control unit 120 in advance.

(1) In the case where the working medium (initial organic substance) includes a modified substance having a boiling point Tu FIG. FIG. In addition, the temperature of each temperature detector group 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E is an arithmetic average of the temperature calculated | required based on the output from each temperature detector 110 which comprises a temperature detector group.

  Here, based on the information stored in the storage means that the boiling point of the deformation is Tu, the control unit 120 has the gas flow path switching valve 62, the open / close valves 72 and 73, the liquid flow path switching valve 83, the pump 85, the flow rate adjusting valve 104, the temperature regulator 105, and the like are controlled.

  When the working medium includes a modified substance having the boiling point Tu, the control unit 120 switches the gas flow path switching valve 62 and causes the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23 to flow through the introduction pipe 61. Further, the control unit 120 opens the opening / closing valve 73. At this time, the opening / closing valve 72 is closed.

  The working medium introduced into the introduction pipe 61 flows into the second condensing unit 50. The working medium that has flowed into the second condensing unit 50 is cooled by contacting the cooling pipe 101.

  Note that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 101 is set to a temperature that is approximately 10 ° C. lower than the boiling point Tu of the deformed material, for example. Further, the temperature of the refrigerant is set to a temperature higher than the boiling point Tb. Here, for example, since the temperature of the refrigerant supplied from the cooling tower 26 is adjusted to a temperature at which the working medium is condensed, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 101 is adjusted by the temperature regulator 105.

  As shown in FIG. 4, for example, the temperature is Tu between the temperature detector group 110 </ b> A to the temperature detector group 110 </ b> C. Further, the temperature is lowered to a temperature lower than Tu between the temperature detector group 110C and the temperature detector group 110D. The temperature between the temperature detector group 110D and the temperature detector group 110E is lower than Tu and higher than Tb.

  Here, the temperature Tu between the temperature detector group 110A to the temperature detector group 110C is equal to the boiling point Tu of the deformation. During this time, the deformed material changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase. Since the temperature is lowered between the temperature detector group 110D and the temperature detector group 110E, between the temperature detector group 110A to the temperature detector group 110C, the gas phase of the deformed substance is changed to the liquid phase. The phase change of is almost complete. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the deformed product becomes a liquid (droplet) 115 and accumulates at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50.

  Here, if the control unit 120 determines that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is equal to or higher than Tu, the control unit 120 further opens the flow rate adjustment valve 104. And the flow volume of the refrigerant | coolant which flows into the cooling pipe 101 is increased. Then, the control unit 120 controls the flow rate adjustment valve 104 so that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E is lower than Tu and higher than Tb. And the control part 120 determines again whether the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E of the lowest stage is lower than Tu.

  On the other hand, when it is determined that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E at the lowest stage is lower than Tu, the control unit 120 switches the liquid flow path switching valve 83 and drives the pump 85. The liquid deformation accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 passes through the discharge pipe 84 and the outlet pipe 82 and is collected by the collecting unit 90. Note that the control unit 120 stops the pump 85 after a predetermined time or when there is no liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50.

  The residual gas in the second condensing unit 50 flows into the first condensing unit 40 through the communication pipe 71. The residual gas that has flowed into the first condensing unit 40 is cooled by contacting the cooling pipe 100.

  Here, the residual gas is mainly a vaporized working medium (initially organic substance). Further, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 100 is set to a temperature lower than the boiling point Tb of the working medium. Further, a coolant having a flow rate sufficient to condense the gaseous working medium flows through the cooling pipe 100.

  The residual gas is cooled and condensed to become a liquid. This liquid (liquid of the working medium) passes through the outlet pipe 80 and is guided to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle.

  Here, when it is determined that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is equal to or higher than Tu, the uncondensed gaseous deformation flows into the first condensing unit 40. In the first condensing unit 40, the deformed product is condensed together with the working medium, and is guided to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle. Then, by being introduced again into the second condensing unit 50, it is condensed and becomes a liquid, and is collected by the collecting unit 90.

  As described above, even when the working medium contains a deformation having the boiling point Tu, the deformation can be separated from the working medium. Then, the working medium can be circulated through the circulation path 29.

  In the above-described process, the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is a deformed product. Therefore, a configuration may be adopted in which the deformed product is directly collected by the collection unit 90 via the discharge pipe 84 and the lead-out pipe 82 without including the liquid flow path switching valve 83 and the lead-out pipe 81.

  In this case, the control unit 120 drives the pump 85 when determining that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E at the lowest stage is lower than Tu. Then, the liquid deformation accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is collected in the collecting unit 90.

(2) When the working medium (initial organic substance) includes a modified substance having a boiling point Td FIG. 5 shows an example of temperature changes in the temperature detector groups 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, and 110E of the condenser 25 of the embodiment. FIG. Note that the temperatures of the temperature detector groups 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, and 110E are arithmetic average values as described above.

  Here, based on the information stored in the storage means that the boiling point of the deformation is Td, the control unit 120 is configured to use the gas flow path switching valve 62, the open / close valves 72 and 73, the liquid flow path switching valve 83, and the pump. 85, the flow rate adjusting valve 104, the temperature regulator 105, and the like are controlled.

  When the working medium includes a deformed substance having the boiling point Td, the control unit 120 switches the gas flow path switching valve 62 and causes the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23 to flow through the introduction pipe 60. Further, the control unit 120 opens the opening / closing valve 72. At this time, the opening / closing valve 73 is closed.

  The working medium introduced into the introduction pipe 60 flows into the first condensing unit 40. The working medium that has flowed into the first condensing unit 40 is cooled by contacting the cooling pipe 100.

  The temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 100 is set to a temperature that is about 10 ° C. lower than the boiling point Tb of the working medium, for example. The temperature of the refrigerant is set higher than the boiling point Td. This temperature setting is performed in the cooling tower 26. Note that a coolant having a flow rate sufficient to condense the gaseous working medium flows through the cooling pipe 100.

  The working medium is cooled and condensed to become a liquid. This liquid (liquid of the working medium) passes through the outlet pipe 80 and is guided to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle.

  The residual gas in the first condensing unit 40 flows through the communication pipe 70 and into the second condensing unit 50. The residual gas that has flowed into the second condensing unit 50 is cooled by contacting the cooling pipe 101.

  Here, the residual gas is mainly a vaporized product having a boiling point Td. Further, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 101 is set to a temperature lower than the boiling point Td of the deformed material by the temperature regulator 105.

  As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the temperature is Td between the temperature detector group 110A to the temperature detector group 110D. Further, the temperature is lowered between the temperature detector group 110D and the temperature detector group 110E.

  Here, the temperature Td between the temperature detector group 110A and the temperature detector group 110D is equal to the boiling point Td of the deformation. During this time, the deformed material changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase. Since the temperature is lowered between the temperature detector group 110D and the temperature detector group 110E, between the temperature detector group 110A to the temperature detector group 110D, the gas phase of the deformed substance is changed to the liquid phase. The phase change of is almost complete. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the deformed product becomes a liquid (droplet) 115 and accumulates at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50.

  Here, if the control unit 120 determines that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is equal to or higher than Td, the control unit 120 further opens the flow rate adjustment valve 104. And the flow volume of the refrigerant | coolant which flows into the cooling pipe 101 is increased. In this case, the gaseous deformation is finally condensed into a liquid by flowing in the second condensing unit 50. Then, the control unit 120 determines again whether or not the temperature of the lowest temperature detector group 110E is lower than Td.

  On the other hand, when it is determined that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is lower than Td, the control unit 120 switches the liquid flow path switching valve 83 and drives the pump 85. The liquid deformation accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 passes through the discharge pipe 84 and the outlet pipe 82 and is collected by the collecting unit 90. Note that the control unit 120 stops the pump 85 after a predetermined time or when there is no liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50.

  As described above, even when the working medium includes a deformed substance having the boiling point Td, the deformed substance can be separated from the working medium. Then, the working medium can be circulated through the circulation path 29.

  In the above-described process, the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is a deformed product. Therefore, a configuration may be adopted in which the deformed product is directly collected by the collection unit 90 via the discharge pipe 84 and the lead-out pipe 82 without including the liquid flow path switching valve 83 and the lead-out pipe 81.

  In this case, the control unit 120 drives the pump 85 when it is determined that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E at the lowest stage is lower than Td. Then, the liquid deformation accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is collected in the collecting unit 90.

(3) In the case where the working medium (initial organic substance) includes a variation of boiling point Tu and boiling point Td Here, the control unit 120 is based on information stored in the storage means that the boiling point of the deformation is Tu and Td. Thus, the gas flow path switching valve 62, the open / close valves 72 and 73, the liquid flow path switching valve 83, the pump 85, the flow rate adjustment valve 104, the temperature regulator 105, and the like are controlled.

  First, the same process as the above (1) is carried out, the deformation product having the boiling point Tu is condensed in the second condensing part 50, and the deformation product having the liquid boiling point Tu is recovered.

  The residual gas in the second condensing unit 50 flows into the first condensing unit 40 through the communication pipe 71. The residual gas that has flowed into the first condensing unit 40 is cooled and condensed by coming into contact with the cooling pipe 100.

  The residual gas here is mainly a vaporized working medium (initial organic substance) and a variant having a boiling point Td. Further, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 100 is set to a temperature lower than the boiling point Td of the deformed product. This temperature setting is performed in the cooling tower 26. Furthermore, a refrigerant having a flow rate sufficient to condense the gaseous working medium and the deformed material flows through the cooling pipe 100.

  The residual gas is cooled and condensed to become a liquid. This liquid (the working medium and the liquid of the boiling point Td deformation) passes through the outlet pipe 80 and is once led to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle.

  Subsequently, the same process as in (2) above is performed. That is, the working medium is condensed in the first condensing unit 40, and the liquid working medium is guided to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle. At this time, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 100 is set in the cooling tower 26.

  In the cooling tower 26, for example, when the working medium and the liquid having the boiling point Td are introduced into the circulation path 29 and then returned to the first condensing unit 40 again, the working medium condenses the temperature of the refrigerant. Set to temperature. In this case, it is preferable that the control unit 120 is set so that the cooling tower 26 can be controlled. In this case, when the control unit 120 returns to the first condensing unit 40 after the working medium and the liquid of the boiling point Td deformed liquid are introduced into the circulation path 29, the temperature of the refrigerant condenses the working medium. The cooling tower 26 is controlled so as to reach a temperature at which it is performed.

  Furthermore, the residual gas in the 1st condensation part 40 is guide | induced to the 2nd condensation part 50, and is condensed. And the deformation | transformation body of the condensed liquid boiling point Td is collect | recovered. At this time, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 101 is set in the temperature regulator 105. When the residual gas in the first condensing unit 40 flows into the second condensing unit 50 after the working medium and the deformed liquid having the boiling point Td are introduced into the circulation path 29, the control unit 120 The temperature regulator 105 is controlled such that the temperature at which the deformation having the boiling point Td is condensed.

  As described above, the first process for separating the deformed substance having the boiling point Tu and the second process for separating the deformed substance having the boiling point Td constitute one set process. Then, by repeating this setting process, the deformation product having the boiling point Tu and the boiling point Td can be separated from the working medium.

  As described above, even when a deformation product having the boiling point Tu and the boiling point Td is included, the deformation product can be separated from the working medium. Then, the working medium can be circulated through the circulation path 29.

  In the above-described process, the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is a deformed product. Therefore, a configuration may be adopted in which the deformed product is directly collected by the collection unit 90 via the discharge pipe 84 and the lead-out pipe 82 without including the liquid flow path switching valve 83 and the lead-out pipe 81.

  In this case, in the first process, the control unit 120 drives the pump 85 when it is determined that the temperature of the lowest temperature detector group 110E is lower than Tu. Then, the deformed product having the boiling point Tu of the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is collected in the collecting unit 90.

  In the second process, the control unit 120 drives the pump 85 when it is determined that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E at the lowest stage is lower than Td. Then, the deformed product having the boiling point Td of the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is collected in the collecting unit 90.

(When the working medium does not contain any deformation)
Here, when the working medium does not include a deformation product, the gaseous working medium can be condensed using only the first condensing unit 40. That is, this is the same as the process described in (2) above, in which the gaseous working medium (initial organic substance) is condensed in the first condensing unit 40 and led to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle. In this case, the on-off valves 72 and 73 and the flow rate adjustment valve 104 are closed.

  Further, even when the working medium does not include a deformation product, the second condensing unit 50 can be used. In this case, the first condensing unit 40 is not used. In this case, the open / close valves 72 and 73 are closed.

  Specifically, the control unit 120 switches the gas flow path switching valve 62 and introduces the gaseous working medium discharged from the turbine 23 into the second condensing unit 50 through the introduction pipe 61. The working medium that has flowed into the second condensing unit 50 is cooled and condensed by contacting the cooling pipe 101.

  The temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe 101 is set lower than the boiling point Tb of the working medium. Note that a coolant having a flow rate sufficient to condense the gaseous working medium flows through the cooling pipe 101. In this case, the temperature setting of the refrigerant is performed in the cooling tower 26, for example. Therefore, the temperature regulator 105 does not adjust the temperature.

  Here, when the control unit 120 determines that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is equal to or higher than Tb, the control unit 120 further opens the flow rate adjustment valve 104. And the flow volume of the refrigerant | coolant which flows into the cooling pipe 101 is increased. Then, the control unit 120 controls the flow rate adjustment valve 104 so that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E is lower than Tb. And the control part 120 determines again whether the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E of the lowest stage is lower than Tb.

  Subsequently, when the control unit 120 determines that the temperature of the temperature detector group 110E in the lowermost stage is lower than Tb, the control unit 120 switches the liquid flow path switching valve 83 to cause the discharge pipe 84 and the outlet pipe 81 to communicate with each other. . Then, the control unit 120 drives the pump 85. The liquid working medium accumulated at the bottom of the second condensing unit 50 is led to the circulation path 29 of the Rankine cycle through the discharge pipe 84, the lead-out pipe 81, and the lead-out pipe 80.

  As described above, according to the condenser 25 of the present embodiment, even when the working medium includes a deformation product, the deformation product can be separated from the working medium. Then, the working medium can be circulated through the circulation path 29. Thereby, the boiling point of the working medium can be kept constant, and excellent condensate characteristics can be obtained.

  According to the embodiment described above, it is possible to obtain excellent condensate characteristics even when a deformation product such as an isomer is formed in the working medium by heating or the like.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Organic Rankine cycle power generation equipment, 21 ... Boiler, 22 ... Heat source, 23 ... Turbine, 24 ... Generator, 25 ... Condenser, 26 ... Cooling tower, 27 ... Liquid feed pump, 28 ... Heat medium line, 29 ... Circulating path, 40 ... first condensing part, 50 ... second condensing part, 60, 61 ... introducing pipe, 62 ... gas flow path switching valve, 70, 71 ... communication pipe, 72,73 ... opening / closing valve, 80, 81, 82 ... Deriving pipe, 83 ... Liquid flow path switching valve, 84 ... Discharge pipe, 85 ... Pump, 90 ... Recovery part, 100, 101 ... Cooling pipe, 102, 103 ... Main pipe, 104 ... Flow rate adjusting valve, 105 ... temperature controller, 110 ... temperature detector, 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E ... temperature detector group, 115 ... liquid, 120 ... controller.

Claims (7)

A condenser that is provided in a facility for circulating organic matter in a Rankine cycle as a working medium, and that condenses the working medium of gas discharged from a turbine,
A first condensing part for condensing the working medium;
A second condensing part for condensing a deformed product in which the structure of the organic material contained in the working medium is deformed;
A first introduction pipe for guiding the working medium from the turbine to the first condensing unit;
A second introduction pipe for guiding the working medium from the turbine to the second condensing unit;
A gas flow path switching valve for flowing the working medium from the turbine to the first introduction pipe or the second introduction pipe;
A first outlet pipe for guiding the working medium condensed in the first condensing unit to a circulation path of the Rankine cycle;
A first communication pipe comprising an open / close valve and guiding the residual gas not condensed in the first condensing section to the second introduction pipe;
A second communication pipe comprising an open / close valve and guiding the residual gas not condensed in the second condensing section to the first introduction pipe;
A condenser, comprising: a second outlet pipe for leading out the deformation condensed in the second condensing unit. Inside the second condensing unit, a temperature detector group having a plurality of temperature detectors in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the working medium flows;
A plurality of cooling pipes provided inside the second condensing unit;
A flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant introduced into the cooling pipe;
The condenser according to claim 1, further comprising: a control unit that controls the flow rate adjustment valve based on an output signal from the temperature detector.   The condenser according to claim 2, wherein the temperature detector group is provided in a plurality of stages in a direction in which the working medium flows. The control unit is
The condenser according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the gas flow path switching valve and the open / close valve are controlled based on the deformation contained in the working medium. A third outlet pipe for guiding the working medium condensed in the second condensing unit to a circulation path of the Rankine cycle;
A liquid flow path switching valve for flowing the working medium condensed in the second condensing section to the third outlet pipe or flowing the deformation condensed in the second condensing section to the second outlet pipe; Prepared,
The control unit is
3. The liquid flow path switching valve is controlled depending on whether the gas introduced into the second condensing unit is the working medium or the working medium containing the deformation product. The condenser of any one of thru | or 4.   The condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a collection unit that is provided at a downstream end of the second outlet pipe and collects the deformed product.   The condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the organic substance is a hydrofluoroolefin or a hydrochlorofluoroolefin.

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