JP2017169821A - Method of manufacturing dental implant and method of adjusting dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacture method for a dental implant capable of causing a hydroxyapatite coating to develop superhydrophilic properties before being implanted in a living body, and an adjustment method for the dental implant.SOLUTION: A manufacture method and an adjustment method for a dental implant according to the present invention includes: a step of storing a dental implant 1 on which a coating is formed on an outer surface, in a container 10; a step of applying radiation to the container 10 storing the dental implant 1 to sterilize the dental implant 1; a step of sealingly storing the sterilized dental implant 1 in a dry state in the container 10; and an impurities removing step of, before being implanted in a surgical procedure object site, opening the sealing of the container 10, immersing the dental implant 1 in water or an aqueous solution, shaking it, and removing impurities attached to the surface of a hydroxyapatite coating.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a dental implant coated with hydroxyapatite and a method for adjusting a dental implant.

  In order to supplement the function when a tooth is lost, an implant operation in which an artificial dental root such as a dental implant is implanted in a jawbone and a dental prosthesis is fixed thereto has been put into practical use (see Patent Document 1 and the like). reference).

  The dental implant includes a fixture (jaw bone embedding portion) to be embedded in the jawbone and an abutment (prosthesis indicating portion) that functions as a support (base) for attaching the prosthesis to the fixture. There is a two-piece type composed of the above and a one-piece type in which the fixture part and the abutment part are integrated.

  In addition, titanium or a titanium alloy having excellent bone healing properties is used as a material constituting the dental implant, and in particular, a fixture (or a fixture portion) embedded in the alveolar bone is used as a fixture. In order to increase the hydrophilicity of the surface and further improve the compatibility with the living body, a coating made of hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used at this site (Patent Documents 2 to 4). Etc.).

  By the way, in order to prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to sterilize the dental implant during the manufacture or before the operation. Therefore, the dental implant is sealed after being manufactured (formation of the HA coating) in a dedicated package (transparent container container for transportation and storage) formed using a material that can withstand sterilization of medical devices. In general, the package is sterilized by irradiating gamma rays or electron beams (see Patent Document 5).

  In this case, storage and transportation are performed while maintaining the sterilized hermetically sealed state, and the package is opened immediately before the dental implant treatment in a surgical institution such as a hospital or a dental clinic, so that the affected part is quickly (implanted). The

JP2013-248052A JP 2000-24006 A JP 2006-314760 A JP 2007-143772 A Utility Model Registration No. 3184171

  The sterilization treatment that irradiates the gamma rays or the like and the subsequent clean sealed storage are indispensable treatments for the products implanted in the body including the dental implant. However, in the case of a dental implant coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), there may be a problem.

  In other words, an HA-coated implantable product has organic substances derived from packaging (packages, container containers, etc.) on the surface of the HA coating during sterilization or storage, and is inherently hydrophilic ( The surface of hydroxyapatite, which should be “superhydrophilic” having a water contact angle of 5 ° or less, is altered to be hydrophobic or water repellent.

  In particular, in the fixture of the dental implant, when the surface becomes hydrophobic due to the influence of the surface organic matter, it becomes difficult for human blood to infiltrate the fixture surface, and protein adsorption and cell adhesion after treatment are reduced. It is considered to be. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for expressing the original hydrophilicity of the fixture surface during treatment on a patient.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a dental implant and a method for adjusting a dental implant, which can cause the hydroxyapatite coating to exhibit super hydrophilicity before being implanted into the body.

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a dental implant having a coating made of hydroxyapatite, the step of storing the dental implant having the coating formed on the outer surface thereof in a container container, and the dental stored in the container container. A step of sterilizing the implant, a step of storing the sterilized dental implant in a sealed container container, a step of opening the container container and immersing the dental implant in water or an aqueous solvent, and further shaking the container. Thus, a method for producing a dental implant, comprising: an impurity removing step of removing impurities attached to the surface of the coating.

  Moreover, the manufacturing method of the dental implant of this invention is characterized by the said impurity removal process including the product finishing process which expresses the hydrophilicity of the said film.

  Furthermore, in the method for producing a dental implant of the present invention, the water or aqueous solvent in which the dental implant is immersed is sterilized at room temperature or lower, normal water, purified water, oxygen water, hydrogen water, ozone water, deep ocean. A configuration that is one selected from the group consisting of water, carbonated water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline, mouthwash, and artificial saliva is preferably employed. In addition, the normal water in this application refers to all the general waters including a tap water, well water, etc. The purified water includes all water obtained by purifying the normal water by a method such as filtration, distillation, or ion exchange.

  Moreover, the manufacturing method of the dental implant of this invention employ | adopts radiation sterilization suitably as said sterilization process.

  On the other hand, the method for adjusting a dental implant of the present invention is a method for adjusting a dental implant having a coating made of hydroxyapatite, and the dental implant used for implantation is immersed in water or an aqueous solvent before being embedded in a living body. It is a method for adjusting a dental implant, characterized by removing impurities on the surface of the coating by shaking in a state to make the surface of the coating suitable for implantation in a living body.

  In the method for adjusting a dental implant of the present invention, the state suitable for implantation in the living body is hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 10 ° or less on the coating surface.

  According to the method for producing a dental implant of the present invention, the method further includes an impurity removing step of opening the seal of the container container in which the dental implant is accommodated, immersing the dental implant in water or an aqueous solvent, and further shaking the dental implant. In addition to partial dissolution (surface renewal) of the surface of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, impurities such as organic matter and insoluble matter attached to the surface of the HA coating are removed, and the HA coating originally has the surface. It is possible to return to a property suitable for implantation in a living body.

  Moreover, among the manufacturing method of the dental implant of this invention, when the said impurity removal process includes the product finishing process which expresses the hydrophilicity of the said HA film, the dental implant which passed through this product finishing process is suitable for an embedding operation. In addition, the hydrophilicity immediately after the formation of the HA film can be easily reproduced at any time by the above simple procedure.

  Furthermore, in the method for producing a dental implant of the present invention, the water or aqueous solvent in which the dental implant is immersed is sterilized at room temperature, normal water, purified water, oxygen water, hydrogen water, ozone water, deep ocean. If it is one selected from the group consisting of water, carbonated water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline, mouthwash, and artificial saliva, use a liquid that can be easily obtained at a dental clinic or medical institution Thus, impurities can be easily removed from the surface of the HA coating and the surface can be renewed (hydrophilized) without any special effort.

  And when the sterilization process used in the manufacturing method of the dental implant of this invention is radiation sterilization, it is advantageous at the point which can sterilize, without taking out the said dental implant, sealing in a container container. .

  Next, according to the method for preparing a dental implant of the present invention, impurities adhering to the surface of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, regardless of the form and storage state of the storage container, or the presence or absence of pretreatment such as sterilization, By removing bacteria and the like, the surface of the HA coating can be adjusted to a clean state suitable for implantation in a living body.

  In addition, the state suitable for embedding in the living body in the present invention includes a case where the contact angle of water on the surface of the HA coating is hydrophilic at 10 ° or less. Thereby, coupled with the cleanness of the surface of the HA coating, it is possible to improve the engraftment rate (success rate) of dental implants in the alveolar bone without causing infection.

It is a side view which shows the structure of the dental implant in embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the container container which accommodates a dental implant.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view in a longitudinal direction (vertical direction) showing a configuration of a dental implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a dental implant 1 according to this embodiment includes a fixture portion 1a (jaw bone embedding portion) as a lower structure embedded in a jawbone and an upper abutment portion 1c (prosthesis support portion). ) Is a one-piece type dental implant formed integrally with an intermediate large-diameter gingival contact portion 1b interposed therebetween.

  The abutment part 1c is a part that functions as an abutment (base) for attaching a prosthesis (artificial dental crown), and its outer diameter decreases as the distance from the gingival contact part 1b increases. In addition, the gingival contact portion 1b has an outwardly convex curved shape, and its outer diameter increases with distance from the fixture portion 1a, and at the boundary with the abutment portion 1c. It is designed to have the maximum diameter.

  Further, the fixture portion 1a embedded in the jawbone has a cylindrical shape whose outer diameter does not change up to the vicinity of the lower end thereof, and a screw portion (not shown) for screwing with the jawbone on its outer peripheral surface 1d. Is formed. A hydroxyapatite film (film, hereinafter referred to as HA film) is formed by flame spraying on the outer peripheral surface 1d including the threaded portion.

  As a material (base) constituting the dental implant 1, metal, ceramics, or plastic (resin) can be used. As the metal, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, alumina, zirconia and the like can be used, but titanium or titanium alloy is preferable. As the titanium alloy, an alloy to which at least one of aluminum, tin, zirconium, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, platinum, and the like is added can be used. Preferably, it is a Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

  Moreover, as ceramics, for example, alumina, zirconia, alumina / zirconia composite ceramics, or the like can be used. As the resin, for example, polyethylene, fluorine-based resin, epoxy resin, polyether ether ketone resin, bakelite and the like can be used.

  In addition to the flame spraying method, the HA coating can be formed by a high-speed flame spraying method, a plasma spraying method, a cold spray method, a physical vapor deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method, a wet method, or the like. . For example, in the flame spraying method, a sprayed material is melted or nearly melted using a gas flame of oxygen and a combustible gas as a heat source, and sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to form a coating. In the flame spraying method, for example, a spraying powder is introduced with a dry air of 100 psi in a gas flame torch having a spraying temperature of about 2700 ° C., a spraying speed of Mach 0.6, an oxygen gas of 50 psi, and an acetylene gas of 43 psi, and a spraying distance of 60 Perform at ~ 100 mm.

  The formation thickness (film thickness) of the HA coating by thermal spraying is 1 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 40 μm. This is because if the film thickness is thinner than 1 μm, it is impossible to cover the entire sprayed portion, and if it is thicker than 100 μm, the adhesion strength of the coating is lowered due to the residual stress during spraying.

  The thermally sprayed HA coating is preferably crystallized by applying heat treatment or hydrothermal treatment. This is because the crystallinity of HA (hydroxyapatite) increases and the stability of the coating can be improved. The heat treatment is performed, for example, under a reduced pressure of 1 Pa or less and in a temperature range of 400 to 1000 ° C. for 0.5 to 7 hours. Preferably it is a temperature range of 550-850 degreeC, and is 1 to 5 hours.

  Further, the sprayed coating may be hydrated after the crystallization heat treatment. A hydration process can be performed by immersing in 60-100 degreeC water for 10 to 60 minutes, for example.

  Then, the dental implant 1 having a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the outer peripheral surface 1d of the fixture portion 1a, which is configured as described above, is placed in a dedicated package (transparent container container 10 for transportation and storage) described later. The container container 10 is sealed and sterilized by irradiating with gamma rays or the like, and then stored.

  FIG. 2 shows an example in which the dental implant 1 having the HA coating is accommodated in such a container container 10 for storage.

  The container container 10 will be briefly described. The container container 10 includes an intermediate container 2, a case ring 3, a case cap 4, an outer container body 5, and an outer container cap 6.

  The middle container 2 is a bottomed cylindrical member composed of a substantially cylindrical body portion 2a and a substantially disc-shaped bottom portion 2b. From the dental implant 1, the fixture portion 1a to a part of the abutment portion 1c. To accommodate.

  The case ring 3 is inserted into the middle container 2, is engaged with a step (circular step) provided on the inner periphery of the body 2 a, and is held in the middle of the middle container 2. A tapered diameter-reduced portion 3a is provided on the inner periphery of the case ring 3, and when the dental implant 1 is accommodated, the diameter-reduced portion 3a includes a large-diameter portion (gingival contact portion 1b). Are engaged (hooked).

  The case cap 4 is located above the case ring 3 and is attached to the upper opening of the middle container 2. Further, the case cap 4 presses the upper end of the abutment portion 1 c of the dental implant 1 downward, and presses and fixes the gingival contact portion 1 b against the reduced diameter portion 3 a of the case ring 3.

  The outer container body 5 is a bottomed cylindrical member that accommodates part of the inner container 2 and the case cap 4. The outer container cap 6 is a screw cap that can be screwed into a threaded portion of the outer container main body 5. The container in an airtight sealed state (sealed) is formed by sealing the upper opening of the outer container main body 5. A container 10 is formed.

  Now, in the manufacturing method of the dental implant 1 of the present embodiment, the dental implant 1 on which the HA coating is formed is accommodated in the container container 10 (see FIG. 2), and is then accommodated in the container container 10 while Sterilization is performed by irradiating the dental implant 1 with radiation such as gamma rays. In addition to the radiation existing in nature, artificially created radiation can also be used as the type of radiation for sterilization.

  If the outer container cap 6 of the container container 10 is not opened, the container container 10 is maintained in a sterilized and dry state, and can be stored for a long period (up to 5 years).

  Next, in the manufacturing method of the dental implant 1, after being stored in the container container 10, stored and transported (transported), and the like, before being embedded in a treatment target, the container container 10 is opened, The method includes removing the dental implant 1 from the container, immersing the dental implant 1 in water or an aqueous solvent, and further shaking to remove impurities attached to the surface of the HA coating. And

  Moreover, as for the manufacturing method of the said dental implant 1, the said impurity removal process includes the product finishing process which expresses the hydrophilicity of the said HA film.

  These impurity removal process and product finishing process can be performed in parallel at the same time. Specifically, for example, a screw cap (outer container cap 6) that seals the container container 10 is opened, The case cap 4 is removed, and the upper part (abutment part 1c) of the exposed dental implant 1 is grasped with tweezers and lifted.

  Next, after filling the inside of the middle container 2 exposed to the lower side of the dental implant 1 with a liquid for treatment (impurity removal or product finishing) such as pure water, the dental implant 1 is restored. Return to the position in the case ring 3. Then, the inner case cap 4 and the outer outer container cap 6 are attached in the reverse order of opening, and the container container 10 is sealed again with the inside container 2 filled with pure water.

  Next, the impurity removal step and the product finishing step can be completed by manually shaking the container container 10 filled with pure water for several seconds to several minutes.

  Thereafter, the dental implant 1 that has been subjected to the impurity removal step and the product finishing step is ready to be embedded in a living body such as a jawbone, and therefore is taken out of the container container 10 again in time with the progress of the treatment. In addition, it can be directly implanted (implanted) in the affected area of the patient, such as the jawbone, while wet in the treatment solution or dried.

  With the above-described configuration, the dental implant 1 of the present embodiment has a part of the surface of the HA coating dissolved (surface renewal), and impurities such as organic matter and insoluble matter attached to the surface of the HA coating are removed. The surface can be returned to the nature suitable for implantation in the living body, which is inherent to the HA coating, and the hydrophilicity immediately after the HA coating is formed, suitable for implantation, can be obtained at any time by the above simple procedure. Can be easily reproduced.

  The processing liquid to be injected into the inside of the middle container 2 of the container container 10 includes, in addition to the pure water, sterilized water, purified water, oxygen water, hydrogen water, ozone, at a temperature below room temperature. Water, deep ocean water, carbonated water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline, mouthwash, artificial saliva, and the like can also be used. These can also be used in combination of multiple types as necessary. These treatment liquids do not need to be heated or cooled before use, and those at room temperature (about 10 to 35 ° C.) may be used as they are. The results used for various processing liquids will be described in the examples below.

  On the other hand, in the said embodiment, the dental implant 1 which has HA coating is accommodated in the exclusive package (transparent container container 10 for conveyance and storage) formed using the material which can endure the sterilization process of a medical device. However, if the method for adjusting a dental implant according to the present invention is used, the HA coating can be formed regardless of the shape and storage state of the dental implant 1 and the presence or absence of pretreatment such as radiation sterilization. Impurities, bacteria, and the like attached to the surface are removed, and the HA coating surface can be adjusted to a clean state suitable for implantation in the living body. That is, an effect equivalent to that of the dental implant manufacturing method of the present embodiment can be achieved.

  Furthermore, if the contact angle of water on the surface of the HA coating is 10 ° or less, combined with the cleanness of the surface of the HA coating, the rate of engraftment in the alveolar bone without causing infection or the like ( (Success rate) can also be improved.

  Examples of forming the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of the above embodiment on a titanium alloy or pure titanium base, and typical surface treatments applied to dental implants other than the HA coating are described below. A comparative example in which is applied to the surface of the substrate, and the dental implant adjustment method of the present invention (a part of the manufacturing method of the dental implant of the present invention) is performed on them, and shaken in pure water. Changes in the “water contact angle” before and after (changes in surface hydrophilicity) were measured. As a reference for comparison with the surface treatment, a sample obtained by sintering hydroxyapatite (HA) powder (having HA itself as a base) is added as Reference Example A.

  Base: Ti-6Al-4V ELI was used as a titanium alloy. In addition, a disk-shaped test piece having a diameter of 14 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was prepared as a base made of titanium alloy or pure titanium.

[Example 1]
Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated on the surface of a titanium alloy test piece by flame spraying (spraying film thickness: about 20 μm), and heat treatment was performed to crystallize the HA coating.

[Comparative Example 1]
A state in which a lathe machining (surface finish) processing mark remains on the surface of the test piece during the production (shape processing) of the titanium alloy test piece (so-called titanium alloy surface).

[Comparative Example 2]
A test piece made of titanium alloy was subjected to an anodizing treatment by applying a voltage of about 50 V in a phosphoric acid solution to form a titania film having a thickness of about 150 nm on the surface.

[Comparative Example 3]
A test piece made of pure titanium was immersed in a mixed acid solution (boiling temperature) of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid for about 5 minutes to give a fine uneven shape on the surface.

[Reference Example A]
The HA powder having a particle size of about 2 μm was compacted by a cold isostatic pressing method (CIP) and fired in the air at 1200 ° C. for 2 hours. The obtained sintered body having a crystallinity close to 100% was wet-polished with SiC abrasive paper up to # 1200 to obtain a test piece of Reference Example A. In addition, the shape of the test piece was a disk shape having a diameter of 14 mm and a thickness of 2 mm as described above.

<Storage of specimen (dental implant)>
The test pieces of Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Reference Example A were cleaned by applying ultrasonic waves in ethanol after various surface treatments, and then sealed in a sterilization bag. Then, each sterilization bag was sterilized by irradiation with gamma rays and stored for 1 month at room temperature in the atmosphere (without special storage conditions) in a state sealed with the sterilization bag.

<Adjustment of specimen (dental implant)>
First, before adjustment, the water contact immediately after opening from the storage state was measured, and the value was “after sterilization storage” (initial value). Subsequently, the test piece was adjusted.
To adjust the test piece: 1. Put a test piece in a test container (sample bottle) filled with pure water. 2. Cap and seal the container. The container with the test piece was held by hand, and the container was shaken by shaking the arm up and down for about 10 seconds. It should be noted that the degree of shaking is not particularly required to overturn the container, and the speed at which the test piece floats in the water several times from the bottom of the container is sufficient. 4). After completion of shaking, the container was opened and the test piece was taken out, and the surface of the test piece was dried by blowing off the adhered water by blowing high-pressure nitrogen gas.
Thereafter, the contact angle of water after “adjustment” was measured.

[Measurement of water contact angle]
The water contact angle was measured by applying JIS R 3257 “Testing method for wettability of substrate glass surface” and dropping 1 μL of pure water onto a test piece at room temperature (25 ± 5 ° C.). The measurement was performed 1 minute after the water droplet was left on the test piece.
Test equipment: Surface contact angle measuring device DM300 type (Kyowa Interface Chemical Co., Ltd.)

The measurement results are shown in “Table 1” below.

  The results are as follows: Comparative Example 1 in which the titanium alloy surface is exposed, Comparative Example 2 in which the titania coating is exposed, and Comparative Example 3 in which the acid-etched pure titanium surface is used before and after adjustment (pure water shaking operation). It can be seen that the contact angle of water has almost no change and is hydrophobic.

  On the other hand, in Example 1 on the surface of the HA coating, the contact angle of water after adjustment (pure water shaking operation) is remarkably lowered, and the contact angle may change back to the “superhydrophilic” surface having a contact angle of 5 ° or less. understood. This is because the surface of the HA coating (layer) is in contact with pure water so that the extreme surface layer of the HA layer dissolves quickly and is removed together with the organic matter adhering to the extreme surface layer portion, and a new HA layer having a hydroxyl group This is thought to be due to the new exposure. In addition, regarding the solubility of the HA coating of Example 1, the thickness of the HA coating changes even if it is continuously shaken for 24 hours in another test using a shaker in pure water (room temperature). It is confirmed that there is no (elution amount below the measurement limit).

  Further, from the results of the HA sintered body (Reference Example A), hydroxyapatite does not become superhydrophilic as in Example 1 (the present invention) on all surfaces, but has a crystallinity and surface solubility. It is considered that differences in surface morphology, surface hydroxyl group amount and the like are involved.

  Next, it was verified by using the sample (test piece) of Example 1 whether an aqueous solution (aqueous solvent) other than pure water can be used as a liquid for adjustment.

<Liquid for adjustment>
The liquid for adjustment is generally used in dental clinics and the like, and easily available.
In addition to the sterilized pure water (pH 6.0) used in the previous experiment,
a. Saline (pH 5.3)
b. Phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0)
c. Mouthwash (ozone nanobubble water, trade name: nanodental α) (pH 6.0)
Prepared.

<Adjustment of specimen (dental implant)>
The test piece was prepared by using the test piece of Example 1 as the test piece, and using various liquids in the same manner as in the above experiment except that the liquid filled in the test container (sample bottle) was set to a to c above. The water contact after “adjustment” was measured.

  The result is: a. Physiological saline (pH 5.3), b. Phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0) and c. Even if any liquid of mouthwash liquid (ozone nanobubble water, trade name: nanodental α) (pH 6.0) is used for adjustment, the test piece surface has a contact angle of 5 ° or less as in the previous experiment. It was confirmed that the surface was “superhydrophilic”.

  As described above, according to the method for adjusting a dental implant of the present invention, various liquids that can be obtained at a dental clinic or the like regardless of the form and storage state of the storage container or the presence or absence of pretreatment such as radiation sterilization. It is possible to remove impurities, bacteria, and the like attached to the surface of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, and adjust the surface of the HA coating to a clean state suitable for implantation in the living body.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dental implant 1a Fixture part 1b Gingival contact part 1c Abutment part 1d Outer peripheral surface 2 Middle container 2a Body part 2b Bottom part 3 Case ring 3a Reduced diameter part 4 Case cap 5 Outer container main body 6 Outer container cap

Claims (6)

A method for producing a dental implant having a coating made of hydroxyapatite,
Storing the dental implant having the coating formed on the outer surface in a container container;
Sterilizing the dental implant contained in the container container;
Storing the sterilized dental implant in a sealed container container;
An impurity removing step of opening the container container and immersing the dental implant in water or an aqueous solvent, and further shaking to remove impurities adhering to the surface of the coating. A method for producing a dental implant.   The method for producing a dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the impurity removing step includes a product finishing step for developing hydrophilicity of the coating.   The water or aqueous solvent in which the dental implant is immersed is sterilized at room temperature, purified water, oxygen water, hydrogen water, ozone water, deep ocean water, carbonated water, physiological saline, phosphate buffer. The method for producing a dental implant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dental implant is one selected from the group consisting of physiological saline, mouthwash, and artificial saliva.   The said sterilization process is radiation sterilization, The manufacturing method of the dental implant as described in any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. A method for adjusting a dental implant having a coating made of hydroxyapatite,
Before implanting the dental implant used for implantation in a living body, it is shaken in a state immersed in water or an aqueous solvent to remove impurities on the surface of the coating, and is suitable for embedding the surface of the coating in the living body. A method for adjusting a dental implant, characterized in that it is in a state.   6. The method for adjusting a dental implant according to claim 5, wherein the state suitable for implantation in the living body is hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 10 ° or less on the surface of the coating.

Images