JP2017167933A - Image output device and image output program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image output device and an image output program capable of outputting a linear-form member in a three-dimensional space by the shape-wise feature of a linear-formed member and an angle specifically recognizable in the process of performing the two-dimensional projection drawing of the linear-formed member in a three-dimensional space.SOLUTION: An image output device includes: a reference database 1 having a virtual surface formed by a linear-formed member or a decision criteria of a normal line; linear-formed verification means 2 for detecting a component of the linear-formed member; normal line detection means 3 for detecting the normal line of the virtual surface in light of a verification result of the linear-formed verification means and the reference database; projection area calculation means 4 for guiding a projection area of the linear-formed member with a normal line direction guided by the normal line detection means as a projection direction; and angle decision means 6 for guiding the projection area of the linear-formed member as the projection direction of the image for outputting the largest projection direction in the projection area from among the projection directions guided by the projection area calculation means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

  The present invention relates to an image image output apparatus and an image image output program for determining an optimum shooting angle and composition (hereinafter referred to as “angle”) when displaying the outer shape of a member used in a building in a fixed form such as a document. .

In building design work, integration work, and the like, various forms and forms (see FIG. 7) with still images of members used for them, picture cards, or output of these images are output.
However, depending on the angle used, depending on the angle used, the shape characteristics of the linear member may be impaired in the processing to obtain a two-dimensional projection image, and the viewer can grasp the specific appearance of the linear member. This is not possible, and the significance of the existence of a still image displayed on a limited paper or screen is lost.

In particular, a linear member such as a reinforcing bar is variously molded and it is difficult to predict the specific appearance.
As long as the image is output to a display device connected to a computer, for example, an arbitrary angle can be selected by the technique described in the following patent document.
On the other hand, in the case of an image output as an image that cannot be changed on a document or the like, the appearance must be accurately recognized only by the given image.

JP 2002-298160 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in a process of projecting and drawing a linear member in a three-dimensional space in a two-dimensional manner, the shape features of the linear member are accurately and specifically specified. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image output device and an image output program that can output at a recognizable angle.

  An image output device according to the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is a linear database that detects a virtual surface formed by a linear member or a reference for determining a normal of the virtual surface and a component of the linear member. A verification unit, a normal detection unit that detects (matches) the verification result of the linear verification unit and the reference database, and detects a normal of the virtual surface; and a normal derived by the normal detection unit A projection area calculating means for deriving a projection area of the linear member with the direction as the projection direction, and an image image for outputting a projection direction having the largest projection area from among the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means An angle determining means for guiding the projection direction as a projection direction is provided.

  In the above example, the image image selection means for extracting a projection direction having a projection area larger than a prescribed value from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means, and the projection direction extracted by the image image selection means Among these, it is also possible to configure as an image image output device including an angle determining means for guiding a projection direction having the largest projection area as a projection direction of an image image to be output.

  Further, a reference database including a criterion for determining a virtual surface formed by the linear member or a normal line thereof, linear verification means for detecting a component of the linear member, verification results of the linear verification means, and the reference database A normal detection means for detecting the normal of the virtual surface in light of the above, a projection area calculation means for deriving the projection area of the linear member with the normal direction derived by the normal detection means as the projection direction, An image image selection unit that extracts a projection direction having a projection area that is greater than or equal to a predetermined value from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation unit, and a projection from the projection direction extracted by the image image selection unit. A candidate area extracting means for extracting a prescribed number of projection directions having a high rank with respect to the size of the area, and deriving a prescribed range centered on a direction obtained by averaging them; and the candidate area extracting means The line-of-sight changing means for changing the projection direction of the linear member arranged in the three-dimensional coordinate system within the specified range in a three-dimensional manner, and the projection area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight changing means An image that outputs a projection direction having the largest projection area from among the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means to be guided and the projection area calculation means to derive the projection area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight change means. It can be configured as an image output device including an angle determining means for guiding the image projection direction.

  An image image output program according to the present invention made to solve the above-described problem is a computer that outputs an image of a linear member, a reference database having a criterion for determining a virtual surface formed by the linear member or its normal, and the line A linear verification means for detecting the constituent elements of the linear member, a normal detection means for detecting the normal of the virtual plane in light of the verification result of the linear verification means and the reference database, and the normal detection means A projection area calculation means for deriving the projection area of the linear member with the normal direction as the projection direction, and a projection direction with the largest projection area is output from among the projection directions derived by the projection area calculation means. It is made to function as an image image output apparatus provided with the angle determination means which guides as a projection direction of an image image.

Further, a computer that outputs an image of the linear member, a reference database that includes a criterion for determining a virtual surface formed by the linear member or a normal line thereof, a linear verification unit that detects a component of the linear member, and the linear A normal detection unit that detects a normal of the virtual surface in light of a verification result of the verification unit and the reference database, and a projection area of the linear member with a normal direction derived by the normal detection unit as a projection direction Extracted by the image image selection means, the image image selection means for extracting a projection direction having a projection area larger than a specified value from the projection directions in which the projection area was derived by the projection area calculation means, and the image image selection means. Extracts a specified number of projection directions that are in the highest order for the size of the projected area from among the projection directions, and extracts candidate areas that lead to a specified range centered on the averaged direction. The line-of-sight changing means for changing the projection direction of the linear member arranged in the three-dimensional coordinate system in a three-dimensionally stepwise manner within the specified range derived by the candidate area extracting means, and given by the line-of-sight changing means The projection area is the largest of the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means for deriving the projection area in the projection direction and the projection area calculation means for deriving the projection area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight change means. It can also be configured as an image output program that functions as an image image output device provided with an angle determination means that guides the projection direction of an image image that outputs a large projection direction.
The image output apparatus or the image output program causes the projection area calculation unit to function so as to derive a rectangular area inscribed by the projection image of the linear member in a given projection direction as the projection area. it can.

  According to the image output device and the program thereof according to the present invention, when displaying various linearly processed linear members existing in the three-dimensional coordinate system on a display screen or a column of a document, Practical two-dimensional projection images that do not impair the shape features can be efficiently displayed without bothering the operator.

  As a result, the appearance of the linear member can be specifically and easily recognized in various fields, which contributes to avoiding various misidentifications and mistakes.

It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the display form by the process of the image output device by this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a function structure of the image output device by this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of a process of the image output device by this invention.

Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of an image output apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings together with a program for functioning the image output apparatus.
The example shown here includes a recording medium such as a CPU, ROM, RAM, and hard disk, an input / output interface, a communication interface, etc., and a program such as an operation system and an application program (including an “image image output program”) on the recording medium. Is an example realized as a computer system (rebar integration system) installed.

This example includes two-dimensional image output means for outputting various images to a two-dimensional coordinate system such as a display screen or paper as a drawing or a form.
The two-dimensional image output means includes a reference database 1, a linear verification means 2, a normal detection means 3, a projection area calculation means 4, an image image selection means 5, and an angle determination means 6 (FIG. 8). 9), the processing shown in FIG. 9 is sequentially performed.

The reference database 1 determines a plane (hereinafter referred to as “virtual plane”) or a normal line formed by linear linear and curved elements (hereinafter referred to as “components”) of a reinforcing bar (linear member) in a three-dimensional coordinate system. Have standards.
Note that the curve element may further include a conversion process for subdividing it into a linear element and an arc element according to the output accuracy required for the image image output apparatus or the image image output program.
Hereinafter, description will be made assuming that the conversion process is interposed.
The criteria for determining the virtual plane or its normal provided in this example are as follows, for example.
(1) When the reinforcing bar is composed only of linear elements The orthogonal line of the linear element is a normal line, for example, the normal line having the largest inner product between the linear element and the Z-axis, for example, the most convenient of the normal lines. A normal is extracted (see FIG. 1).
(2) When the reinforcing bar is only an arc element The normal of the virtual plane surrounded by the arc element is extracted (see FIG. 2).
(3) When the reinforcing bar is composed of a plurality of components Extract the normal of each virtual surface formed by each component.

Hereinafter, in the case of a plurality of constituent elements, a normal determination criterion at the boundary between adjacent constituent elements (hereinafter referred to as “nodes”) will be specifically described (see FIG. 4).
(1) In the case of a node between a linear element and (a) When two linear elements are not parallel, the outer product of two adjacent linear elements is stored as a normal line.
(B) When two linear elements are parallel, the orthogonal line of two adjacent linear elements is stored as a normal line.
(2) When it is a node between a linear element and an arc element (a) When the linear element exists as a part of the tangent of the arc element, the normal of the surface formed by the arc element (hereinafter referred to as “arc surface”) is Guide and save.
(B) In other cases, the outer product of the tangential direction at the end point of the arc element and the linear element is stored as a normal line.
(3) When it is a node between an arc element and an arc element (a) The normal direction of each arc surface is saved as a normal line.

The processing of the linear verification means 2 includes a step of evaluating the form of each component of a reinforcing bar to be displayed (hereinafter referred to as “the reinforcing bar”).
In this step, the linear verification means 2 derives the node of each component and its form from, for example, the directional component of each component constituting the rebar alignment, or its change or difference in attributes, and each node. The attribute of the component delimited by, and the specific data (vertex coordinate group, function, etc.) of each component are saved.

The normal line detection means 3 is subjected to a process of detecting a connection angle formed by adjacent constituent elements (hereinafter referred to as “adjacent elements”) delimited by each node or a twist of an adjacent virtual surface, and then the linear verification means 2. It consists of the step which evaluates the connection state of each component derived | led-out by this step.
In this step, the normal detection unit 3 compares the evaluation result of the linear verification unit 2 with the normal determination criterion of the reference database 1 to derive a virtual plane including adjacent elements separated by each node. In the case of accompanying virtual surfaces through processing, normals that can arise from the reinforcing bars are derived and stored.

The projected area calculating unit 4 includes a step of deriving the projected area of the linear member in the normal direction guided by the normal line detecting unit 3.
In this step, the projected area calculation means 4 performs, for example, a hidden surface process on the three-dimensional model of the reinforcing bar arranged in the three-dimensional space, and projects the virtual surface onto each surface constituting the reinforcing bar. A projected image of an area that is visible on the near side is created by looking at the reinforcing bar from the side, and the area is obtained.
In addition, each surface constituting the product shape is converted into polygon groups, hidden line processing such as the Z buffer method is performed, and the portion that is visible in the foreground is used as the projection area to approximately obtain the pixel unit of the display device. May be.

On the other hand, the projected area calculating means 4 can adopt the area of a rectangular area inscribed in a projected image (an image image or its linear shape) drawn on the projection plane as the projected area to be derived.
The rectangular area, for example, sets a two-dimensional coordinate system composed of an X axis and a Y axis on the projection plane, and then guides a leg of a perpendicular dropped from the image or its linear node or pixel to the X axis and the Y axis. At the same time, it can be defined as a rectangular region having the longest leg length for each axis as a vertical side and a horizontal side orthogonal to each other.
The projected area calculating means 4 derives the area of the rectangular area from the vertical and horizontal sides derived as described above, and outputs it as the projected area on the projection plane (see the broken-line rectangle in FIG. 5).
For the X axis or Y axis of the projection plane, the outer product direction of the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system on which the linear member is placed and the projection plane normal is adopted.
When the outer plane cannot be obtained because the projection plane normal and the coordinate system Z-axis are parallel, the coordinates where the linear member is placed on the X-axis or Y-axis set on the projection plane An outer product of the X-axis or Y-axis of the system and the projection plane normal is adopted.

The image image selection means 5 extracts a virtual surface or a normal line having a projection area larger than a specified value from the virtual surface or normal line (projection direction) from which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means 4. I do.
In this step, the image image selection means 5 compares the projected area of each virtual surface with a specified value of the projected area (hereinafter referred to as “specified area”), and the virtual surface or the projected area exceeding the specified area or Save the normal vector data.
The prescribed area may be an area obtained by multiplying the total surface area of the reinforcing bar by a predetermined ratio.

The angle determination means 6 performs a step of deriving a virtual surface or its normal line to be output from the virtual surface extracted by the image image selection means 5 or its normal line.
At that time, the angle determination means 6 guides the image image to be output or its line of sight using the processing results of the candidate area extraction means 7, the line-of-sight change means 8 and the projection area calculation means 4.

  The candidate area extracting unit 7 further includes a specified number of virtual planes having a higher rank in terms of the size of the projected area from a virtual plane having a projected area exceeding the specified area extracted by the image image selecting unit 5 or a normal line thereof. A surface or its normal is extracted, and a prescribed range of the projection direction is derived with the direction obtained by averaging the normal directions as the center (hereinafter referred to as “projection center axis”).

The specified range can be designated in advance by the user as an inner product of the projection center axis and each projection direction, for example.
For example, when the Z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system on which the linear member is placed is the projection central axis and the inner product has a specified range of 1.0 to 0.0, the Z axis And the projection direction whose value is in the range of 1.0 to 0.0 is extracted.
As a result, a circular prescribed range is set with the XY plane of the coordinate system viewed from above.
Conversely, when the inner product is in the range of 0.0 to −1.0, the circular specified range is set with the XY plane of the coordinate system viewed from the lower side.
On the other hand, when the inner product range is in the range of -1.0 to 1.0, the specified range is not provided.

The line-of-sight changing means 8 changes the projection direction of the linear members arranged in the three-dimensional coordinate system stepwise in a three-dimensional manner within the specified range derived by the candidate area extracting means 7.
The projected area calculating unit 4 derives a projected area in each projection direction changed in stages, and the angle determining unit 6 has the largest projected area among the projected areas derived by the projected area calculating unit 4. The projection direction is derived as the projection direction of the output image.
For example, at that time, the line-of-sight changing means 8 selects all combinations that form pairs for each of the projection directions of the linear members arranged in the three-dimensional coordinate system within the specified range derived by the candidate area extracting means 7. Extracting and repeating the step of rotating at a predetermined unit angle around the projection central axis (X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system in the figure) between the paired projection directions for all combinations The projection area calculation unit 4 calculates a projection area for each step (see FIG. 3), and the angle determination unit 6 performs a process of extracting a projection direction with the largest projection area (see FIG. 5).

  In this way, for projection directions where the projected area exceeds the specified area, the upper projection direction is derived from the larger projection area, the candidate area is derived from the upper projection direction, and the best projection direction is selected step by step in that area. By adopting the angle determining means 6, it is possible to efficiently determine the projection direction having the largest projection area as the best projection direction even for the reinforcing bars formed so as to generate a plurality of virtual planes.

When the linear member projected in the projection direction guided by the angle determining means 6 is output to the image column of the processing book, it may have a fitting means for appropriately rotating the projection direction in accordance with the aspect ratio of the image column. (See FIGS. 6 and 7).
By providing the fitting means, it is convenient when the image column is vertically long or horizontally long.

1 reference database, 2 linear verification means, 3 normal detection means,
4 projected area calculation means, 5 image image selection means, 6 angle determination means,
7 candidate area extraction means, 8 gaze change means,

Claims (7)

A reference database comprising criteria for determining the virtual surface formed by the linear member or its normal;
Linear verification means for detecting components of the linear member;
Normal detection means for detecting the normal of the virtual surface in light of the verification result of the linear verification means and the reference database;
A projected area calculating means for deriving a projected area of the linear member with a normal direction derived by the normal detecting means as a projection direction;
An image image output apparatus comprising: an angle determination unit that guides a projection direction of an image image that outputs a projection direction having the largest projection area from among the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation unit. Image image selection means for extracting a projection direction having a projection area that is greater than or equal to a specified value from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means;
2. The image image according to claim 1, further comprising an angle determination unit that guides a projection direction having the largest projection area among the projection directions extracted by the image selection unit as a projection direction of an image image to be output. Output device. A reference database comprising criteria for determining the virtual surface formed by the linear member or its normal;
Linear verification means for detecting components of the linear member;
Normal detection means for detecting the normal of the virtual surface in light of the verification result of the linear verification means and the reference database;
A projected area calculating means for deriving a projected area of the linear member with a normal direction derived by the normal detecting means as a projection direction;
Image image selection means for extracting a projection direction having a projection area that is greater than or equal to a specified value from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means;
Extraction of a candidate area for extracting a prescribed number of projection directions having a high rank with respect to the size of the projection area from the projection directions extracted by the image image selection means and deriving a prescribed range centered on the averaged direction Means,
Line-of-sight changing means for changing the projection direction of the linear member arranged in a three-dimensional coordinate system within the specified range derived by the candidate area extracting means in a three-dimensional manner;
A projected area calculating means for deriving a projected area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight changing means;
An angle derived as a projection direction of an image image that outputs a projection direction having the largest projection area from among the projection directions derived by the projection area calculation unit that derives a projection area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight change unit. An image output device comprising a determining means.   4. The projection area calculating means for deriving a rectangular area inscribed by a projection image of the linear member in a given projection direction as the projection area. Image output device. To a computer that outputs an image of a linear member,
A reference database comprising criteria for determining a virtual surface formed by a linear member or its normal,
Linear verification means for detecting components of the linear member;
A normal detection means for detecting a normal of the virtual surface in light of the verification result of the linear verification means and the reference database;
A projection area calculation means for deriving a projection area of the linear member with the normal direction derived by the normal line detection means as a projection direction;
A function as an image image output device including an angle determination unit that guides the projection direction of the image image that outputs the projection direction having the largest projection area from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation unit. Image output program. To a computer that outputs an image of a linear member,
A reference database comprising criteria for determining a virtual surface formed by a linear member or its normal,
Linear verification means for detecting components of the linear member;
A normal detection means for detecting a normal of the virtual surface in light of the verification result of the linear verification means and the reference database;
A projection area calculation means for deriving a projection area of the linear member with the normal direction derived by the normal line detection means as a projection direction;
An image image selection means for extracting a projection direction having a projection area that is greater than or equal to a predetermined value from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation means;
Extraction of a candidate area for extracting a prescribed number of projection directions having a high rank with respect to the size of the projection area from the projection directions extracted by the image image selection means and deriving a prescribed range centered on the averaged direction means,
Line-of-sight changing means for three-dimensionally changing the projection direction of the linear member arranged in the three-dimensional coordinate system within the specified range derived by the candidate area extracting means;
Projected area calculation means for deriving a projected area in the projection direction given by the line-of-sight changing means,
A function as an image image output device including an angle determination unit that guides the projection direction of the image image that outputs the projection direction having the largest projection area from the projection directions in which the projection area is derived by the projection area calculation unit. Image output program. To a computer that outputs an image of a linear member,
6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising: a projection area calculation unit configured to derive a rectangular area inscribed by the projection image of the linear member in a given projection direction as the projection area. Item 7. The image output program according to any one of Items 6 to 7.

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