JP2017148356A - Hemostatic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hemostatic device accurately oppressing a target blood vessel, being less prone to deviate, and easily releasing the oppression.SOLUTION: The hemostatic device usable for oppressing an arm and stopping bleeding, includes: first and second jaw parts approaching each other along a first direction to clamp an arm; a support part for supporting the first and second jaw parts so as to be linearly movable along the first direction; an elastic body connected to at least one of the first and second jaw parts and applying energizing force so as to separate the first and second jaws from each other; a ratchet mechanism temporarily stopping the first and second jaw parts at any position against the energizing force; and a button for releasing the ratchet mechanism.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hemostatic device used for temporary hemostasis associated with medical practice.

  For the purpose of blood collection, injection, blood transfusion, infusion, etc., the patient's arm, for example, may be pressed to temporarily stop bleeding. Such hemostasis is typically performed by winding a band made of rubber or the like called a hemostasis band around an arm, tightening it appropriately, and fixing it with a fastener. If the tourniquet is not tight enough, the hemostasis will be inadequate, and if it goes too far, it can be painful for the patient, but the tightness depends on the intuition of the individual medical technician.

  In many cases of hemostasis, it is sufficient to compress only a specific blood vessel, but a hemostatic band is not reasonable in that it presses the entire circumference of the arm. In addition, it is not easy and simple to adjust the tightening degree. Several proposals have been made to overcome this drawback. Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose related techniques.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-82609 JP 2004-267629 A JP 2009-148484 A

  Long-term hemostasis, particularly hemostasis by pressing the entire circumference of the arm like a hemostatic band, inhibits the blood flow of the arm and leads to undesirable results. Therefore, it is necessary to release the pressure promptly after the necessary treatment is completed. On the other hand, even when the pressure is released, it is necessary to hold a medical instrument such as an injection needle or a catheter with one hand or to continue the operation depending on the treatment. Therefore, the pressure must be released only with the other hand. Conventional hemostatic bands or hemostatic clamps are not always easy to release pressure with one hand. In addition, when a medical instrument such as an injection needle or a catheter is punctured on the patient's arm, it may cause pain or discomfort to the patient if it takes time to release it. In particular, it is a problem that vibration, impact, or force is applied to the arm during release.

  Further, for example, in a hemostatic clamp in which a pair of arms rotate around a fulcrum to sandwich the arms, the compression forces exerted by these arms inevitably have an offset from each other. Such offsets tend to cause the hemostatic clamp to shift as the compression force is applied, particularly in patients with thick arms. This makes it difficult to pinpoint the target vessel. Therefore, it is desirable to use an instrument that can generate a compression force linearly without depending on rotation.

  The present invention has been made based on the discovery of the aforementioned problems. According to one aspect of the present invention, a tourniquet that can be used to squeeze an arm to stop hemostasis includes first and second jaws that sandwich the arm by approaching each other along a first direction. A first support that is coupled to at least one of the first and second jaws, and a support that supports the first and second jaws so as to be linearly movable along the first direction. An elastic body that applies a biasing force to separate the first and second jaws from each other; a ratchet mechanism that temporarily holds the first and second jaws at an arbitrary position against the biasing force; A button for releasing the ratchet mechanism.

  Preferably, the tourniquet is removably coupled or integrally secured to the first and second jaws, respectively, and is first and second dimensioned to extend in a second direction and sandwich the arm, respectively. A second collar is further provided. More preferably, the tourniquet further includes a gear mechanism that moves the first jaw symmetrically with respect to the second jaw along the first direction. Preferably, in the tourniquet, the gear mechanism includes a pinion rotatably supported by the support part, and a rack that extends from the first and second jaw parts in the first direction and meshes with the pinion. The ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet tooth formed on the pinion or the rack, and a claw protruding from the button to engage with the ratchet tooth.

  The target blood vessel is accurately compressed and hardly displaced, and the compression can be easily released.

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a tourniquet according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a portion of the tourniquet being cut to show its interior. FIG. 3 is a side view of the rack and pinion mechanism inside the tourniquet as seen from the arrow III in FIG. 4 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism inside the tourniquet as viewed from the arrow IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view of the inside of the tourniquet as viewed from the same direction as FIG. 4 and shows a state where both jaws are closed. FIG. 6 is a side view of the inside of the tourniquet as viewed from the same direction as FIG. 4 and shows a state in which the ratchet mechanism is released by pressing a button. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a mode in which the tourniquet is held in a hand. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which a patient's arm is pressed by a tourniquet.

  Several exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  Referring to FIG. 8, the tourniquet according to the present embodiment presses the arm 43 between the upper jaw portion 1 and the lower jaw portion 3 so that it can be used for hemostasis. Throughout the following description and claims, the longitudinal direction of the tourniquet is the first direction X, the lateral direction is the second direction Y, and the direction along the arm 43 is the third direction Z. Although it can be understood that the directions X, Y, and Z are orthogonal to each other, the embodiment is not necessarily limited thereto. For convenience of explanation, the upper and lower sides are distinguished along the first direction X, but the embodiment is not necessarily limited thereto.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the upper and lower jaws 1, 3 approach each other along the first direction X to sandwich the arm 43. The upper and lower jaw portions 1 and 3 may extend in the second direction Y so as to directly sandwich the arm 43, or may include upper and lower collar portions 11 and 13 for sandwiching the arm as illustrated.

  The upper and lower collar portions 11 and 13 may be integrally fixed to the upper and lower jaw portions 1 and 3, respectively, or may be detachable therefrom. Further alternatively, for example, the upper and lower collar parts 11 and 13 are provided with grooves or rails, and the upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3 are provided with claws engaged therewith, so that the upper and lower collar parts 11 and 13 are connected to the upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3. It may be movable. The grooves or rails may be oriented in the first direction X. In this case, the compression force can be finely adjusted by, for example, moving the upper and lower flanges 11 and 13 up and down. Further, the groove or rail may be oriented in the second direction Y. In this case, for example, it can be used for fine adjustment to the thickness of the arm 43 of the patient by moving left and right. Of course, it may be directed in the third direction Z.

  Each of the upper and lower flanges 11 and 13 may be only one, but one or both of them may be two or more. For example, one blood vessel can correspond to a vein and the other hip can correspond to an artery, so that both blood flows can be stopped simultaneously.

  The upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3 or the upper and lower collar parts 11 and 13 may be straight, but may be appropriately curved so as to wrap the arm as shown. The upper and lower jaw portions 1 and 3 or the upper and lower collar portions 11 and 13 may preferably further include a pad at a portion in contact with the arm. Such a pad may be curved along the arm, in which case the upper and lower jaws 1, 3 may be straight.

  Such a pad may protrude from the upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3 or the upper and lower collar parts 11 and 13. Such ridges can be high enough to accommodate patients with particularly thin arms. Also, such pads or raised portions may be removable.

  Furthermore, the upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3 or the upper and lower collar parts 11 and 13 or the pads included in these may be provided with one or more protrusions so as to press a specific part of the arm. For example, if a projection of an appropriate size is provided at a site in contact with a target vein, the blood flow of the vein can be stopped more reliably or with a smaller compression force. Needless to say, there may be two or more protrusions. For example, one protrusion can correspond to a vein and the other protrusion can correspond to an artery.

  These are made of a suitable material such as a resin, and may be rigid, but may have flexibility as appropriate. Such flexibility is advantageous in preventing an excessive compression force from being applied to the arm. Alternatively or additionally, they may be disengaged, broken, or rotated when the compression force becomes excessive.

  Alternatively, flexible materials such as rubber, elastomer, and urethane foam can be used instead of these materials. These flexible materials help improve fit to the arm or prevent the tourniquet from slipping. Of course, different materials may be applied depending on the part. For example, the upper and lower collar portions 11 and 13 may be made of hard resin, and the pad may be made of elastomer.

  Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4 in combination with FIG. 1, the support part 5 supports the upper and lower jaw parts 1 and 3. The support portion 5 has a box shape and is provided with a case 9 having openings at the upper and lower ends thereof, and racks 21 and 23 extending in the first direction X from the upper and lower jaw portions 1 and 3 are fitted into the case 9, respectively. Supported by Each of the racks 21 and 23 is guided by the edge of the opening of the case 9 or its internal structure, so that the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 can move linearly along the first direction X. The button 7 is a trigger for releasing the compression, which will be described later in detail.

  As best shown in FIG. 2, an elastic body such as a coil spring 19 is housed in the case 9 to bias the upper and lower jaws 1, 3. In the illustrated example, the lower rack 23 extending from the lower jaw 3 is integrally provided with a pin 29, and a spring 19 is interposed between the pin 31 protruding from the inner surface of the case 9. Instead of or in addition to this, the spring 19 may be coupled to the upper rack 21 extending from the upper jaw 1.

  It should be noted here that the spring 19 in FIG. 2 is stretched and biases the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 in a direction to separate them from each other by exerting a biasing force on the rack 23 in the contracting direction. . Of course, instead of contracting, the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 may be biased in the direction of separating from each other by being elastically extended.

  The tourniquet may include a gear mechanism that moves the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 symmetrically with respect to the case 9. FIG. 3 shows a rack-and-pinion mechanism 17 as an example, which includes racks 21 and 23 and a pinion 25. The pinion 25 is rotatably supported by a bearing protruding from the case 9 to the inside thereof, or the bearing may not be provided. The pinion 25 is provided with gear teeth 27, the racks 21 and 23 are provided with rack teeth 21T and 23T so as to correspond to the gear teeth 27 and 23, and the racks 21 and 23 are engaged with each other so as to sandwich the pinion 25. 1 and 3 move symmetrically. Of course, the gear mechanism is not limited to the rack and pinion mechanism, and other appropriate mechanisms can be used.

  When the gear mechanism as described above is provided, the urging force is applied to both the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 by only one spring 19. As described above, the spring may be coupled to both of them to apply a biasing force to both of them, or the spring may be coupled to only one of them. If an urging force is applied to the upper and lower jaws 1, 3, they are separated from the arm simultaneously with the operation of the button 7. This is advantageous in that no vibration, impact or force is applied to the arm.

  In addition, a configuration in which only one of the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 is driven without the gear mechanism as described above is advantageous in that the structure is simple.

  Each of the racks 21 and 23 may be provided with slots 21S and 23S extending in the movable direction, and as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, these are slidably fitted into a column 33 projecting from the case 9 to the inside thereof. May be. This is useful for guiding the racks 21 and 23 linearly.

  The tourniquet includes a ratchet mechanism 15 that temporarily holds the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 in an arbitrary position against the biasing force of the spring 19. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the ratchet mechanism 15 includes a ratchet tooth 35 provided on the back side of the pinion 25 and a claw 37 provided on the button 7. Any of the racks 21 and 23 may be provided with ratchet teeth 35 instead of the pinion 25. When the claw 37 is engaged with the ratchet teeth 35, the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 are temporarily held at arbitrary positions.

  Or it replaces with the combination of a ratchet tooth and a nail | claw, and you may utilize the mechanism (toothless ratchet mechanism) which fastens the jaw parts 1 and 3 by friction. In the former, the jaws 1 and 3 can be fastened only at the jumping position corresponding to the ratchet teeth, but the ratchet mechanism by friction can be stopped steplessly.

  As best shown in FIG. 1, the button 7 has its head looked out of the case 9, and the ratchet mechanism 15 can be disengaged by pushing it with a finger or the like. In the example of FIGS. 1 and 4, the button 7 is pushed in a direction orthogonal to the racks 21 and 23, but may be movable in other directions.

  A return spring 39 may be interposed between the case 9 and the button 7 in order to return the button 7 to the engaged position when the finger or the like is released. Alternatively, part of the button 7 or the case 9 may have such elasticity.

  The operation of the tourniquet according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 in combination with FIGS.

  As understood from FIG. 7, the entire tourniquet is compact so that it can be operated with one hand. Prior to use, the ratchet mechanism 15 is released by pressing the button 7 as shown in FIG. The upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 are urged by the spring 19 to be separated from each other, and the arm 43 can be inserted therebetween. The position of the target blood vessel is adjusted between the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 (or the upper and lower buttocks 11 and 13), and the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 are brought close to each other with one hand. As shown, the arm 43 is sandwiched between tourniquets. By bringing the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 closer to each other as appropriate, the arm 43 is pressed and stopped.

  Since the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 remain in an arbitrary position by the ratchet mechanism 15, the adjustment of the compression force is very easy and a fine adjustment is possible. Each time the claw 37 gets over the ratchet teeth 35, the claw 37 emits a click sound or a click feeling, and the user can adjust the compression force with this as a guide. Alternatively, the racks 21 and 23 may be provided with a gauge for reference. Further, the case 9 may be provided with a window for looking into the gauge.

  It should be particularly noted that the compression force is based on the ratchet mechanism 15 without depending on the elastic force of a spring or the like. The pressing force can be arbitrarily and finely adjusted regardless of the strength of the spring or the thickness of the arm. Also, once adjusted, the ratchet mechanism 15 continues to maintain that state, so the compression force is stable.

  Furthermore, since the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 move linearly, the compression force does not have an offset, so that the tourniquet does not shift even if the arm is extremely thick.

  After the necessary treatment is completed, the ratchet mechanism 15 is released by pressing the button 7, and the tourniquet is returned to the open state by the urging force of the spring 19, and the arm 43 can be pulled out. If the tourniquet is equipped with a gear mechanism, the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 are simultaneously detached from the arm 43, so that no vibration, impact or force is applied to the arm 43.

  As understood from the above description, according to the tourniquet according to the present embodiment, the target blood vessel is accurately compressed and is not easily displaced, and the compression can be easily released. Never give. In addition, the user must change the tourniquet when the upper and lower jaws 1 and 3 are brought close to each other and when the button 7 is pressed. This is extremely effective in preventing erroneous operation.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Based on the above disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in the art can implement the present invention by modifying or modifying the embodiment.

  There is provided a tourniquet which can accurately press a target blood vessel and hardly displace, and can easily release the pressure.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper jaw part 3 Lower jaw part 5 Support part 7 Button 9 Case 11 Upper collar part 13 Lower collar part 15 Ratchet mechanism 17 Gear mechanism 19 Spring 21 Upper rack 21S Slot 21T Rack tooth 23 Lower rack 23S Slot 23T Rack tooth 25 Pinion 27 Gear tooth 29 pin 31 pin 33 column 35 ratchet teeth 37 claw 39 return spring 41 hand 43 arm X first direction Y second direction Z third direction

The present invention has been made based on the discovery of the aforementioned problems. According to one aspect of the present invention, a tourniquet that can be used to squeeze an arm to stop hemostasis includes first and second jaws that sandwich the arm by approaching each other along a first direction. A first support that is coupled to at least one of the first and second jaws, and a support that supports the first and second jaws so as to be linearly movable along the first direction. An elastic body that applies a biasing force to separate the first and second jaws from each other; a ratchet mechanism that temporarily holds the first and second jaws at an arbitrary position against the biasing force; A button for releasing a ratchet mechanism and a first and second jaws removably coupled to or fixed integrally with each other, each extending in a second direction and dimensioned to sandwich the arm 1 and a second collar .

Preferably, the tourniquet further includes a gear mechanism that moves the first jaw portion symmetrically with respect to the second jaw portion along the first direction. Preferably, in the tourniquet, the gear mechanism includes a pinion rotatably supported by the support part, and a rack that extends from the first and second jaw parts in the first direction and meshes with the pinion. The ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet tooth formed on the pinion or the rack, and a claw protruding from the button to engage with the ratchet tooth. More preferably, in the tourniquet, the first or second heel portion includes a pad at a portion in contact with the arm. More preferably, in the tourniquet, the pad is made of one or more of rubber, elastomer and urethane foam. Alternatively, preferably, in the tourniquet, the pad includes one or more protrusions to compress a specific portion of the arm. Preferably, in the tourniquet, the pad is removable.

Claims (4)

A tourniquet that can be used to squeeze the arm and stop bleeding,
First and second jaws sandwiching the arm by approaching each other along a first direction;
A support portion for supporting the first and second jaw portions so as to be linearly movable along the first direction;
An elastic body that is coupled to at least one of the first and second jaws and applies a biasing force to separate the first and second jaws from each other;
A ratchet mechanism that temporarily holds the first and second jaws in an arbitrary position against the biasing force;
A button for releasing the ratchet mechanism;
A tourniquet with The tourniquet of claim 1, wherein
First and second collars detachably coupled or integrally fixed to the first and second jaws, respectively, each extending in a second direction and dimensioned to sandwich the arm. ,
A further tourniquet. The tourniquet of claim 1 or 2,
A gear mechanism for moving the first jaw along the first direction symmetrically with respect to the second jaw;
A further tourniquet. The tourniquet of claim 3, wherein
The gear mechanism includes a pinion rotatably supported by the support portion, and a rack that extends from the first and second jaw portions in the first direction and meshes with the pinion, respectively.
The ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet tooth formed on the pinion or the rack, and a claw protruding from the button to engage with the ratchet tooth.

Images