JP2017108728A - Eggs and fry production method by a novel feed system replaced with artemia salina in aqua-culture (pisces, crustacea, cephalopoda, apoda) - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide domestically produced biofeed which can be stably produced with low cost, is capable of absorbing sufficient nutrients such as carbohydrates and lipids into a body of larvae and juveniles, and is easy to intake.SOLUTION: Pachydrilus nipponicus Yamaguchi (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae, Pachydrilus nipponicus Yamaguchi) which contains a strong fluorescent substance, often ingests seaweed (Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cava and Sargassum horneri, Undaria pinnatifida and the like) and sea grass (Zostera marina L., Zostera caulescens.) which drifted ashore, and increases amazingly by repeating the processes of cleavage and regeneration in asexual reproduction is fed with hen's eggs for enhancing nutrients of docosahexaenoic acid.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention has found a suitable domestic food alternative to Artemia for stabilization of seedling production and cost reduction in aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, anpods), and new in seedling production It is a low-cost, recycle ecological feed production system that recycles coastal seaweed and recycles it.

In the conventional aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, apods), the feed series for seed and seedling production will be switched from rotifer to artemia and from artemia to mixed feed as the fish grows. During the transition period from larvae to juveniles, fat and metabolic patterns have not changed, carbohydrates and fats in the compound feed cannot be sufficiently absorbed, intake into the body is insufficient, individual differences in larvae and juveniles, and cannibalism As a result, seed production has become unstable. Artemia is imported in the form of a durable egg, with a customs clearance of 45.2 tons in 2010. In Japan, 100g is sold for around 2,000 yen. Since Artemia durable eggs can be hatched and fed when needed, it is very convenient for planned seedling production, and is the key to the food series during the larval stage.
Japanese Patent Application No. 1991-208499 Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-197433 JP2007-53967 JP2007-97463

Problems to be solved by the invention

  The problem that our invention is trying to solve is considered to be Artemia, which is the core of the feed series for seedling production in aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, anpods). Artemia relies on imports from abroad for all of its supply, with yearly price fluctuations and varying quality. Artemia larvae are low in the content of unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is an essential fatty acid of seawater fish, and are fed with algae containing unsaturated fatty acids to enhance nutrition or use imported frozen copepods in combination. Although. These fortifications have greatly increased feed costs. In addition, many seed and seedling production sites are switching from the biological feed Artemia to the mixed feed as soon as possible to reduce work. The purpose of the present invention is as a nationally produced food substitute for Artemia whose future stable supply and quality are considered uneasy, can be stably mass-produced at low cost, and absorb sufficient nutrients such as carbohydrates and fats into the body of larvae We must find a domestic food feed that is possible and easily ingested, provide a new feed line that delays the transition to formula feed and prevents growth and survival loss, which is the biggest depletion factor in seed production.

As a means to solve this problem

  Isotomi earthworm (Pontodrirulus matsushimensis) known as a light-emitting earthworm from the seashore is buried in the intertidal zone from the tide zone of the beach is called Malpo and is used as a bait for fishers such as bella, scorpionfish and kochi. Is well known. According to the present invention, a small isohime earthworm (less steel, citrus, isohime earthworm, Pachydrilus nipponicus Yamaguchi) that does not have a body length of 10 to 15 mm coexisting with the earthworm contains a strong fluorescent substance as well as the earthworm, We found that it proliferates astoundingly by ingesting seaweed (Arame, Kajime, Akamok, Seaweed, etc.) and seaweed (Amomo, Tachiamamo) that have been launched to the coast, and repeating the process of asexual reproduction, cutting and regeneration. It was. Artemia is synchronized in size from cysts, so the size is uniform, but the size composition of Isohime earthworms is wide. In addition, because the earthworm is an annelid, it absorbs oxygen dissolved in water through skin respiration and discharges carbon dioxide from the skin, so it is resistant to seawater and freshwater. Some worms are the preferred feed for eel fry and ornamental fish, so the differences in nutritional components between iso-worms and other biological feeds will be clarified, and the special nutritional requirements of the fish species for seedling production, especially the requirement for unsaturated fatty acids ( 3-4%), to improve the nutritional test of the earthworm earthworm, to change the culture conditions of the culture system, to clarify the culture test of the earthworm earthworm, the feeding selectivity for the sea earthworm in each fish species, etc. Therefore, it solves the problems of fluorescent labeling on otoliths of larvae and juveniles produced by seedlings, and provides a planned seedling production method using a new feed series.

Effect of the invention

  Similar to the well-known Yamato earthworm (Enchytraeus japonensis), the earthworm earthworm of the present invention is a member of the earthworm earthworm that has both unusual and sexual reproduction characteristics, and its size composition is very similar. If there is a suitable substrate such as sand (mineral sand), coral sand, crushed shell, zeolite, activated carbon, peat moss, seaweed, etc. Because of the halophilicity of 10 animals, 100 animals after 4 weeks, and 10,000 animals after 6 weeks and feeding on seaweeds launched on the coast, it is a resource of seaweeds. Utilization of the plant enables establishment of a low-cost, recycle ecological feed production system that contributes to the conservation and beautification of the coast and contributes to the purification of organic pollution on the beach. Ri, can be expected to be against the production system of Artemia endurance eggs. In addition, because the earthworm mate is widespread, it is easy to fortify unsaturated fatty acids, which are special nutritional requirements during the larval and juvenile stages, and a new food series can be expected.

  As shown in Table 1, the difference in nutritional components of the earthworm earthworms according to the present invention from those of the rotifers and artemia was found to be high in protein and high in fat, particularly riboflavin, which is a yellow-green fluorescent substance. Contains. Riboflavin, also called vitamin B2, is a physiologically active substance classified as a water-soluble vitamin among vitamins. When administered to seedling-produced larvae, antibody production, normal growth and normal health It is an essential substance for maintenance. It is also rich in minerals and vitamins, which are nutritional components of the seaweed that is the dietary property of the unsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the earthworm earthworm, and is superior to the rotifer and artemia from a nutritional point of view. . However, because there is a lack of unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is one of the special nutritional requirements during the larval and juvenile season, it must be fortified, but Isohime earthworm is a specific food such as seaweed and seaweed. I think it is easy to fortify because it is not a narrow food that can only be eaten.

  As shown in Table 2, isohime earthworms range from larvae (body length 1 to 1.5 mm) to adults (body length 10 to 15 mm), diameters of about diameter (50 μm to 400 μm), and a wide range of size composition. It has the habit of rounding in water or entangled to form a dumpling. A larva with a body length of 1 mm changes to a size of about 200 μm. Feeding such a variety of biological feeds increases the feeding selectivity of larvae and larvae and is effective for growth and survival. In addition, in order to carry out seedling production in aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, apods) on a corporate scale, we will supply isohime earthworms to larval and juvenile fish instead of hornworms and artemia. However, the workability and productivity must be greatly improved, but the potential for Isohime earthworms is great, such as tuna, yellowtail, grouper, octopus, eel, It can be expected as an early biological feed for seahorses and crustaceans.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

  100 g of sandy earthworm, submerged and buried, was collected on the coastal seaweed deposited or buried from the high tide line of the beach to the boundary between the foreshore and backshore, and used for the culture system of the present invention. In the incubator that constitutes the culture system, a commercially available PVC pipe (20 cm in diameter and 60 cm in length) with a lid is inserted into the ground at a depth of 20 cm, and gravel is poured into the pipe for drainage to a depth of about 10 cm. As a substrate, sea sand was introduced to a depth of 15 to 20 cm to form a breeding floor, and the substrate surface to the lid was 10 cm. This simple incubator is placed under bright conditions, the inside of the breeding floor is 80 to 100% humidity, the temperature is 22 to 26 ° C, and the earthworms are placed in a dark environment due to negative phototaxis, and the dried seaweed is returned with water. Then, an appropriate amount was fed every week and cultured.

As shown in FIG. 1, 100 months after adding 100 g of Isohime earthworm with sand, the wall facing the sand was covered with Isohime earthworm like white lint. The method of collecting the earthworm was to dry dried seaweed that had been fed the day before, sifted in water, washed away the earthworm, and collected in a dropper in the water. The production of isohime earthworms was about 40 g in weight per 5,000 cm ³ over 3 months, and the feed amount of seaweed was 48 g dry weight (384 g wet weight). The average production of rotifers was about 770 kg in weight when produced in 7 units of 40 ton aquariums for 3 months, and the amounts of feed were 2,460 kg and 2,810 tons of yeast and chlorella seawater, respectively. If iso-worms are produced on a 280-ton breeding floor for 3 months, the weight is about 2,240 kg, which is about three times the productivity of rotifers. The feed amount of wakame was 2,688 kg dry weight (wet weight 21, 500 kg), and the feed efficiency of the worm was 130 minutes 1 and the feed efficiency of Isohime earthworm. A simple calculation of the annual production of Isohime earthworms four times a year gives a wet weight of 8,960 kg, which is equivalent to about 20% of the annual import of Artemia. In addition, the annual feed amount is calculated 4 times a year, and the wet weight is 86,000 kg. For example, the amount of seaweed to be disposed of in landfill in Kanagawa Prefecture is about 2,000 to 10,000 tons. A huge amount of seaweed equivalent to 23-116 times the required annual feeding amount of the seawater is calculated every year. By reusing the seaweed seaweed, it is possible to establish a low-cost, recycling ecological feed production system. is there.

  As shown in Table 3, the culture test of Isohime earthworm was performed by changing the feed conditions of the culture system. The incubator that constitutes the culture system uses four waist-high petri dishes, is washed at about 10 mm in depth, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and the remaining moist crushed shell is used as a substrate. Twenty animals were transplanted into each chalet. As a feed, A petri dish contains dried wakame with high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and B petri dish with chicken egg (boiled egg yolk) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), vitamins and minerals. , C Petri dish with vitamin B group, high-nutritive oatmeal with high mineral content, D Petri dish with haptoalgal pavlova with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) every 2 days Was administered in an appropriate amount, set to an appropriate temperature (24 ° C.), housed in a cool box (no lighting), and cultured for 20 days. On the 10th and 20th days from the start of the culture, the shells that are the substrates in each chalet are sifted in water, washed off the earthworms, and after 30 minutes, waiting for the floating larvae to settle, The soy earthworms that became dumplings were collected in a black small container with a dropper and counted with a magnifying glass. As a result, it was confirmed that all of A, B, and C petri dishes were highly palatable with Isohime earthworm. On the 20th day, the process of cutting and regeneration was repeated by asexual reproduction and the same growth was performed. The D petri dish did not show palatability and there was almost no proliferation.

  As shown in Table 4, chicken eggs (boiled egg yolk) were fed for 20 days at a ratio of 1 egg boiled egg yolk (16 g) per 40 g wet weight so that there was no residual food every 4 days. General components and unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA) before and after strengthening were shown. In general ingredients due to fortification, lipids are higher than before fortification, and DHA, which was not found before fortification with unsaturated fatty acids, was detected at a high value after fortification, and fish for seed production in aquaculture It became clear that the required amount (3-4%) of the unsaturated fatty acid of the seed was sufficiently satisfied, and the special nutritional requirement in the larval stage could be answered.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when the boiled egg yolk of nutrient-enriched chicken eggs enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are unsaturated fatty acids, is fed to Isohime earthworm for the purpose of enhancing nutrition As a result, it has been shown that the eggs with enhanced nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, taurine, iodine, and isoflavones and immune-enhanced eggs, which are called designer eggs, can be used as nutritional supplements and immune-enhanced feeds for the earthworm earthworms. It is possible to provide biological feed that can respond to various nutritional needs and immune enhancement.

  As shown in Table 5, 157 L of acrylic water tank (90 x 45 x 45) with an upper filter, 2 light upper lights, 24 ° C auto heater, and 4 full sets of aeration. A feeding selectivity test was conducted. 10 fish rainbow trout (Rhabdamia gracilis) with a transparent body that can measure the abdominal area from outside the body using an upright microscope (fluorescence), appearance that is not visible to fish, and breeding form 5 seahorses (Hippocampus coronatus) (average body length 3 cm) and 4 horses (Hippocampus kuda) (average body length 7 cm) 5 eel (Anguilla japonica) (average body length 9 cm), 4 craniopod crustacean banded cuttlefish (Sepia bandensis Adam) (average body length 3 mm), small crustacean salamander (Rhync) ocinetes untai) Select 5 animals (average body length 2 cm) and feed them once a day for 30 days. Don't lay sand on the bottom of the aquarium. It was. As a result, the ground beetle actively preyed on the falling ground and the ground ground that became dumpling on the bottom of the tank. Shirasu fry of Japanese eel actively preyed while squeezing dumplings on the bottom of the aquarium. The hatched cuttlefish with an average trunk length of 3 mm grew into an average trunk length of 15 mm on the 30th day after premature feeding with adults and rounded larvae that became dumplings near the bottom of the tank. The shrimp shrimp actively captured the earthworm earthworms that had become small dumplings at the bottom of the aquarium with the inner limbs of the chin leg, and carried them actively to the rocks. Seahorses and black horses have a very high preference for Artemia and Isaami, but they prey well, but they have a slightly lower preference for Isohime earthworms, and they have slow action on dumplings and floating larvae. We were selective predator. The faeces were not black stag beetles, but white faeces that seemed to have ground the earthworms because the digestive organs of seahorses were underdeveloped. However, although the preference for seahorses is somewhat low, it was suggested that it is possible to feed isohime earthworms alone from larvae to adults. Since the diameter of the sea bream is too small, the shell of the substrate is sieved in water, the earthworm earthworm is washed off, and the adult earthworm earthworm dumped in water is collected with a dropper, and then 20-30 minutes in the water. Floating rotifers and artemia-sized isohime earthworm larvae were collected using a centrifuge and fed, but they did not show any preference and could not confirm predation, but there was no debilitating death. I guess it was preying. As a result, it was clarified that, with the exception of special fish species, it is expected to provide a new food series as a suitable domestic product food with good food selectivity.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in order to solve the problems related to fluorescent labeling on otoliths for larval and juvenile fish release tests, the isoflavin yellow-green fluorescence contained in isohime earthworms is accumulated in the body. On the 30th day of the feeding period, 5 sugar beet daisies were stored frozen, and the amount of food intake was measured from outside the body with an upright microscope (fluorescence). However, the fluorescence was weak and could not be measured. For this reason, otoliths were removed from the rainbow beetle that was not fed with the earthworm earthworm and those that were fed for 30 days, and the difference in fluorescence between the two specimens was measured using an upright microscope (fluorescence). However, yellow-green fluorescence was only autofluorescence and no difference could be observed. It can be considered that the isoflavin yellow-green fluorescence contained in Isohime earthworm cannot be accumulated because it is soluble in water. As a result, larvae and seedlings produced using Isohime earthworm as an initial biological feed were tested for tetracycline (TC) and alizarin for release tests. It was confirmed that there was no problem even if fluorescent labeling on the otolith was performed by Complexon (ALC) or the like.

  A white earthworm like white lint that crawls up from the incubator's bait (wakame) to the wall   Isohime earthworms flock to chicken eggs (boiled egg yolk)   A slightly thick otolith A and a thin otolith B were measured with the same amount of fluorescence, but there was no difference.

The nutritional value of earthworms was examined. According to Ito et al. Poultry Society Vol. 21 (1984), the crude protein of earthworms is almost the same value as fish meal (60.1%) (59.6%), and Artemia is as low as (55%). there were. Table 1 shows the higher values of crude fat than (11.3%), Artemia (10%), and fish meal (9.4%). Earthworm fibers and coarse ash are derived from the undigested portion of the earthworm's digestive tract, but were as low as 1.58% and 8.79%, respectively. Also, earthworms do not contain DHA and have a low EPA value, which revealed the need for nutritional enhancement. Minerals have a low calcium content and show a large difference from other animal feeds, which reflects the absence of skeletons in earthworms. The amino acid composition is not particularly problematic except that the sulfur-containing amino acid content is low, and it is considered that Isohime earthworm, which is a member of earthworms, is a promising food resource during the fish larval stage.

DHA can be converted from α-linolenic acid in freshwater fish, but not in saltwater fish, and saltwater fish require DHA more than freshwater fish. Abnormal seedling swimming and spinal abnormalities are thought to be caused by a deficiency in DHA, so nutritional enrichment for Isohime earthworms was performed. Nutrition enhancement method is to mix A for 3 days with egg yolk of boiled chicken egg and fish oil (DHA: 46%, EPA: 3%) to egg yolk of boiled chicken egg using the emulsifying action of egg yolk lecithin As a result of analyzing the fatty acid composition of B, which was donated for 3 days, and A and B, it was revealed that Isohime earthworms take up and accumulate DHA and EPA. Table 4 shows that the DHA and EPA concentrations in the feed are linearly proportional to the amount of DHA and EPA accumulated in the earthworm. Differences in nutrient composition from nutrient-enriched artemia were discussed in comparison with the analysis values of artemia nutrients in a research interim report on the development of bluefin tuna initial feed at Kinki University (2005). The total amino acid content of Isohime earthworm (about 1039. mg / g) was about twice as high as the total amino acid content of Artemia (about 529.7 mg / g). In addition, although the essential amino acid content of Artemia was around 50%, Isohime earthworm showed a high value of around 60% in Table 4. Egg yolks are rich in phospholipids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and mixed with fish oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. It is considered as a biological feed that can sufficiently cope with diversity.

Claims (9)

Selected from the group of poor steel, Tubicida, Enchytraidae as a new feed series of biological feeds to replace Artemia in aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, anpods) A seed production method characterized by being made. As a new food series to replace Artemia in aquaculture (fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, anpods), poor steel, Tufticida, Enchytraidae, A seedling production method characterized by being Pachydrilus nipponicus Yamaguchi). A method for producing a low-cost, recycle ecological feed, characterized in that the biological feed of claim 2 is selected as a resource utilization of coastal seaweed. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the biological feed according to claim 1 or 2 is selected as a single feed from larvae to adults of seahorses (Hippocampus). Claims 1 and 2 are fed chicken eggs (boiled egg yolk, dried egg yolk) and quail eggs (boiled egg yolk, dried egg yolk) for the purpose of enhancing nutrition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is an unsaturated fatty acid. A nutritional enhancement method characterized by that. A nutritional component enhancement and immunity enhancement method characterized by feeding a designer egg (nutrient-enriched chicken egg, immune-enhanced chicken egg) to the biological feed of claim 1 or 2. The material used for the biological feed of claim 2 may be a single or a mixture of two or more of sand (mineral sand), coral sand, crushed shell, zeolite, activated carbon, peat moss, seaweed (arbitrary state), etc. A culture method characterized by using as a substrate. The culture method according to claim 7, wherein the culture is carried out in an environment where the humidity in the floor is 80 to 100%, the temperature is 22 to 26 ° C, and the depth of the substrate is within 30 cm. A culture method comprising feeding seaweed (arbitrary state) or seaweed (arbitrary state) as a bait on the breeding floor according to claims 7 and 8.

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