JP2017105665A - Glass laminate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass laminate provided with glass having a wedge angle suitable for reducing a perspective double image.SOLUTION: The present glass laminate is a glass laminate that includes a first glass plate 210, a second glass plate 220, and an intermediate film 230 that is located between the first glass plate 210 and the second glass plate 220 and adheres the first glass plate 210 and the second glass plate 220, and has a first region that is used by a head-up display and a second region that is not used by a head-up display adjacent to the first region, in which one or both of the first glass plate 210 and the second glass plate 220 is a wedge-like glass, and at each point of at least a part of the region of the second region, a wedge angle δg obtained by summing up a wedge angle of the first glass plate and a wedge angle of the second glass plate satisfies a predetermined formula.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to laminated glass.

  In recent years, the introduction of a head-up display (hereinafter referred to as “HUD”) that reflects an image on a windshield of a vehicle and displays predetermined information in a driver's field of view has progressed. The double image may be a problem when viewing the information.

  There are two types of double images that are problematic for the driver of the vehicle: a perspective double image and a reflective double image. The HUD display area used in the HUD on the windshield and the HUD display outside area (transparent area) not used in the HUD are provided. In some cases, the perspective double image may be a problem in the HUD display area, but the reflection double image is a major problem in general, and the perspective double image is a problem in the HUD display outside area.

  It is known that such a reflection double image or a perspective double image can be reduced by using a wedge-shaped laminated glass for the windshield. For example, a laminated glass having an intermediate film sandwiched between two glass plates and having a wedge shape as a whole has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-175007

  By the way, when a wedge-shaped laminated glass is used, it is necessary to appropriately control the thickness change of the laminated glass, that is, the wedge angle.

  When a wedge angle is added to the interlayer film that forms laminated glass, the interlayer film is a kind of vinyl material and is generally softer than glass. Therefore, the film thickness is easily affected. Therefore, it is difficult to control the wedge angle of the interlayer film of laminated glass like a rigid body.

  The wedge angle of the intermediate film also changes due to changes in humidity, temperature, etc. during storage. In addition, when the laminated glass is crimped, it is pressed or pulled in the thickness direction by the inner and outer glass, so the upper side of the windshield where the thickness is increased, or when the wedge angle is large, compared to the thin part In addition, the wedge angle changes significantly in the vicinity of black ceramic. For this reason, when handling the wedge intermediate film, detailed condition management is required.

  In contrast, glass is harder than the interlayer film, and once the shape is made, the wedge angle is difficult to change. Therefore, when the wedge angle is added to the glass constituting the laminated glass, the wedge angle is set to the interlayer film. Compared with the case where it attaches, it is suitable at the point which does not need to consider excessively the deformation | transformation of an intermediate film, condition management, etc. at the time of laminated glass manufacture. However, in the prior art, in laminated glass, how to determine the wedge angle of glass has not been fully studied.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said point, and makes it a subject to provide the laminated glass provided with the glass which has the suitable wedge angle which reduces a perspective double image.

  The main laminated glass is located between the first glass plate, the second glass plate, the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and the first glass plate and the second glass plate. A laminated glass having an intermediate film for bonding a glass plate, and having a first region used in a head-up display and a second region not used in a head-up display adjacent to the first region. One or both of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is wedge-shaped glass, and the wedge angle of the first glass plate at each point of at least a part of the second region. And a wedge angle δg obtained by adding the wedge angles of the second glass plate satisfy a predetermined formula.

  According to the technique of an indication, the laminated glass provided with the glass which has the suitable wedge angle which reduces a perspective double image can be provided.

It is a figure explaining the concept of a double image. It is a figure explaining the windshield for vehicles. It is a fragmentary sectional view parallel to the XZ plane of FIG. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the perspective double image of the laminated glass of an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure which shows the change of the wedge angle before and behind crimping | compression-bonding.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. In addition, although demonstrated here using the windshield for vehicles as an example, it is not limited to this, The glass which concerns on this Embodiment is applicable besides the windshield for vehicles.

[Reflective double image, Transparent double image]
First, the concept of a reflection double image and a perspective double image will be described. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining the concept of a double image. FIG. 1A shows a reflection double image, and FIG. 1B shows a perspective double image. In FIG. 1, the front-rear direction of the vehicle on which the windshield 20 is mounted is X, the left-right direction of the vehicle is Y, and the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is Z (the same applies to the following drawings).

  As shown in FIG. 1A, a part of the light beam 11a emitted from the HUD light source 10 is reflected by the inner surface 21 of the windshield 20 of the vehicle to generate a light beam 11b (primary beam) of the driver's eyes 30. And is viewed by the driver as an image 11c (virtual image) in front of the windshield 20.

  Further, a part of the light beam 12 a emitted from the HUD light source 10 enters the inside from the inner surface 21 of the vehicle windshield 20 and is refracted, and a part thereof is reflected by the outer surface 22. Further, a part of the light exits from the inner surface 21 to the outside of the windshield 20 of the vehicle and is refracted to be guided to the driver's eyes 30 as a light beam 12b (secondary beam) and visually recognized by the driver as an image 12c (virtual image). The The thickness of the windshield 20 is constant, and the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 are parallel.

  Thus, the two images 11c and 12c visually recognized by the driver are reflection double images. The angle formed between the light beam 11b (primary beam) and the light beam 12b (secondary beam) is the angle α of the reflected double image. The angle α of the reflected double image is preferably closer to zero.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, a part of the light beam 41a emitted from the light source 40 enters the inside from the outer surface 22 of the vehicle windshield 20 and is refracted. A part of the light exits from the inner surface 21 to the outside of the windshield 20 and is guided to the driver's eyes 30 as a light beam 41b and is visually recognized by the driver as an image 41c.

  Further, a part of the light beam 42 a emitted from the light source 40 enters the inside from the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 of the vehicle and is refracted, and a part thereof is reflected by the inner surface 21. Further, a part of the light is reflected by the outer surface 22, and a part of the light is further refracted to be refracted from the inner surface 21 to the outside of the windshield 20, and is guided to the driver's eye 30 as a light ray 42b to drive as an image 42c. Visible to the person.

  Thus, the two images 41c and 42c visually recognized by the driver are perspective double images. The angle formed by the light ray 41b (primary beam) and the light ray 42b (secondary beam) is the angle η of the perspective double image. Note that η is defined as positive when it appears upward and negative when it appears downward. The angle η of the perspective double image is preferably closer to zero.

[Front glass (Laminated glass)]
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a windshield for a vehicle, and is a diagram schematically showing the windshield viewed from the front of the vehicle. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view parallel to the XZ plane of FIG. In FIG. 2, for convenience, the HUD display area A is shown in a satin pattern.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the windshield 20 has a HUD display area A that is used in the HUD and a HUD display outside area B (transparent area) that is not used in the HUD. The HUD display area A is located below the windshield 20, and the HUD display outside area B is located adjacent to the HUD display area A and above the HUD display area A of the windshield 20. C is a boundary between the HUD display area A and the HUD display outside area B. The HUD display area A is a typical example of the first area according to the present invention, and the HUD display outside area B is a typical example of the second area according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the windshield 20 is a laminated glass including a glass plate 210 that is a first glass plate, a glass plate 220 that is a second glass plate, and an intermediate film 230. .

  In this laminated glass, the glass plate 210 is a glass plate having a constant thickness having lines formed by stretching during production. On the other hand, the glass plate 220 has a streak that changes in thickness from one end to the other opposite end and is generated by stretching during manufacturing. The intermediate film 230 is located between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, and has a thickness for bonding the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 such that the lines of the glass plate 210 and the lines of the glass plate 220 are orthogonal to each other, for example. It is a constant film.

  As described above, the glass plate 220 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section. In the glass plate 220, an angle formed by a surface serving as the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 and a surface in contact with the intermediate film 230 is referred to as a wedge angle δg. The wedge angle δg can take an arbitrary value corresponding to the position in the Z direction. There may be a region where the surface to be the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 and the surface in contact with the intermediate film 230 are parallel. A suitable method for determining the wedge angle δg will be described later. In addition, since the thickness of the glass plate 210 and the intermediate film 230 is uniform, it can be said that the wedge angle δg is an angle formed by the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20.

  Further, the inner surface 21 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 210 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 220 may be flat or curved. For example, the windshield 20 may have a shape curved in the vertical direction. Note that t represents the local thickness of the windshield 20 (the total thickness of the glass plate 210, the glass plate 220, and the intermediate film 230 in that portion).

  The glass whose thickness changes from one end to the other opposite side like the glass plate 220 can be obtained by devising the conditions for manufacturing by the float process. That is, by adjusting the peripheral speed of a plurality of rolls arranged at both ends of the glass ribbon traveling on the molten metal, the glass cross section in the width direction is made into a concave shape, a convex shape, or a tapered shape, and an arbitrary thickness change can be made. Cut out where you have it.

  The glass plate 210 uses the same float method as the glass plate 220 and has a constant thickness. As shown in FIG. 3B, the thickness of the glass plate 210 increases from one end to the other opposite end. It is good also as a wedge-shaped cross-sectional view in which changes. In this case, the sum of the wedge angles of the glass plates 210 and 220 is the wedge angle δg. The wedge angles of the glass plates 210 and 220 may be the same or different.

  In addition, although the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is constant, if the main part of the wedge angle of the windshield 20 is formed by one or both of the glass plates 210 and 220, the intermediate film 230 has a wedge shape in cross section. It does not matter. A suitable wedge angle in the case where the intermediate film 230 has a wedge shape in cross section will be described later.

  The glass plates 210 and 220 each have fine streaks in parallel to the traveling direction due to stretching during production by the float method (streaks). When used as a windshield for a vehicle, if the streak is seen in the horizontal direction with respect to the observer's line of sight, distortion occurs and visibility deteriorates.

  As the intermediate film 230 for bonding the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, a thermoplastic resin is often used. For example, a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin, a plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin, a saturated polyester resin, or a plasticized saturated polyester is used. Thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this kind of application, such as resin, polyurethane resin, plasticized polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin.

  Among these, plastics having excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation can be obtained. A polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably used. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. “Plasticization” in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that it is plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

  The polyvinyl acetal-based resin is a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVA” if necessary) and formaldehyde, and a narrow meaning obtained by reacting PVA and acetaldehyde. Polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin obtained by reacting PVA and n-butyraldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVB” if necessary), and the like, in particular, transparency and weather resistance. PVB is preferred because of its excellent balance of various properties such as strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Usually, the light source of the HUD is located below the passenger compartment, and is projected onto the laminated glass from there. Since the projected image is reflected by the back and front surfaces of the glass, the thickness of the glass needs to change in parallel to the projection direction in order to superimpose both reflected images. Since the thickness of the glass plate 210 changes in a direction orthogonal to the streak, in order to be used as glass on which information is projected, the streak direction is orthogonal to the projection direction, that is, the streak is the line of sight of the vehicle interior observer. It must be used in the horizontal direction and in a direction where visibility deteriorates.

  In order to improve visibility, the laminated glass produced using the glass plate 210, the glass plate 220, and the intermediate film 230 is disposed so that the lines of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 are orthogonal to each other. With this arrangement, the distortion that is deteriorated by the glass plate 210 alone is alleviated by the presence of the glass plate 220 having straight lines and the intermediate film 230 that bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, and visibility is improved.

  Furthermore, glass for vehicles is usually used in a curved shape. In general, the glass is formed into an arbitrary shape while being heated to about 550 ° C. to about 700 ° C. where the glass is softened before each glass plate is bonded through the intermediate film 230. The degree of curvature is noted as the maximum bending depth or double value. Here, the maximum bending depth (double value) is such that the laminated glass that is curved in a convex shape is arranged so that the convex side faces downward, and the midpoints of a pair of opposed long sides in this laminated glass are between When a straight line is drawn so as to connect, the length of the perpendicular drawn to the straight line from the deepest point at the bottom of the curved part is expressed in mm.

  When the laminated glass is used, the fine line-shaped unevenness generated on the surface that causes distortion is stretched by the molding process, so that the visibility increases as the maximum bending depth (double value) increases. Although the maximum bending depth of the glass plate 210 in this invention and the glass plate 220 is not necessarily limited, 10 mm or more is preferable, 12 mm or more is more preferable, and 15 mm or more is still more preferable.

[Preferred wedge angle]
First, an experiment was conducted. In the experiment, as shown in FIG. 3A, a laminated glass having a glass plate 220 made of wedge glass and a glass plate 210 and an intermediate film 230 having a constant thickness was produced (Example). For comparison, a laminated glass having glass plates 210 and 220 having a constant thickness and an intermediate film 230 as a wedge film was produced (comparative example).

  Next, the change of the Z direction (refer FIG. 2) of the perspective double image of the produced laminated glass (Example and comparative example) was measured. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in FIG. 4 is “a distance along the glass from the origin when the lower side of the glass is the origin”. 4 and Table 1, when the example and the comparative example were compared, in the comparative example, the perspective double image tended to deteriorate particularly from the vicinity exceeding 600 mm in the Z direction.

図４及び表１の結果から、フロントガラス２０の楔角の主要な部分をガラス板２１０及び２２０の一方又は双方で形成し、中間膜２３０の楔角は一定値以下とすることが好ましいと考えられる（結果１）。

From the results shown in FIG. 4 and Table 1, it is considered that the main part of the wedge angle of the windshield 20 is formed by one or both of the glass plates 210 and 220, and the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230 is preferably set to a certain value or less. (Result 1).

  Next, the wedge angle before pressure bonding (before making laminated glass) of the wedge glass (glass plate 220) of the example and the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass after pressure bonding (after making laminated glass) were measured. The results are shown in FIG. However, the wedge angle after pressure bonding is obtained by back-calculating a value obtained by measuring a perspective double image.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the wedge angle is changed before and after the press bonding. Since the wedge angle of the wedge glass (glass plate 220) is considered not to change before and after the press bonding, the change is considered to be a change (increase) in the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230 (zero before the press bonding).

  From the result of FIG. 5, since the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230 changes before and after the pressure bonding, it is preferable to set the wedge angle of the wedge glass to be small in advance in consideration of the change (increase) at the time of the pressure bonding. Possible (Result 2).

  The inventors have led to a method for determining a suitable wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 in the HUD display outside region B in consideration of the above results 1 and 2. That is, at each point in at least a part of the HUD non-display area B, by applying a wedge angle δg that satisfies the following expression (1), an alignment having a suitable wedge angle that reduces the perspective double image is obtained. Glass can be realized. In the equation (1), δg is the sum of the wedge angle of the glass plate 210 and the wedge angle of the glass plate 220, and the wedge angle of any one of the glass plates may be zero.

  For example, the wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 is determined using the equation (1) at each point on the vertical line including the HUD display area A of the windshield 20. However, the wedge angle δg may be determined using Equation (1) so as to continuously change in the horizontal direction of the windshield 20, for example.

但し、ｔは合わせガラスであるフロントガラス２０の厚さ、Ｒはフロントガラス２０の局所曲率半径、ｎはフロントガラス２０の屈折率、φはフロントガラス２０に入射する光線の局所入射角である。又、ηは透視二重像の目標角度、δｃは楔角の補正値、δｉは中間膜２３０の楔角である。なお、透視二重像の目標角度の単位には［分］、楔角の補正値及び中間膜２３０の楔角の単位には［ｍｒａｄ］を用いるのが通例である。

However, t is the thickness of the windshield 20 which is a laminated glass, R is the local curvature radius of the windshield 20, n is the refractive index of the windshield 20, and (phi) is the local incident angle of the light ray which injects into the windshield 20. FIG. Η is the target angle of the fluoroscopic double image, δc is the wedge angle correction value, and δi is the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230. Note that it is customary to use [minute] as the unit of the target angle of the fluoroscopic double image and [mrad] as the unit of the wedge angle correction value and the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230.

  As described above, in order to appropriately control the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 230, fine condition management is required. However, if the main part of the wedge angle of the laminated glass is formed by the wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 230 is suppressed to a small value, the controllability of the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 230 is controlled. Is not a problem. In this case, the sum of the wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 230 is the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass.

  Further, by taking into account the change (increase) at the time of crimping and subtracting the wedge angle correction value δc in advance, it is possible to suppress an increase in the fluoroscopic double image especially in the direction of increasing the glass height. it can.

  For example, as described in “Japanese Patent No. 5315358”, the angle of the perspective double image can be calculated according to the radius of curvature and the incident angle of the light beam according to the equation (2). Further, the wedge angle δ necessary for removing the double image having the curvature radius Rc and the incident angle φ can be calculated according to the equation (3). The formula (1) is derived by the inventors of further studies (including the studies shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) based on the formulas (2) and (3).

次に、式（１）におけるη、δｃ、及びδｉの好適な値について説明する。

Next, preferable values of η, δc, and δi in the formula (1) will be described.

  η is a value that satisfies 0 <| η | at one or more points in at least a part of the HUD non-display area B (that is, η = 0 is not set at all points in the HUD non-display area B). It is preferable that −9 <η <9 [minutes]. Further, −6 <η <6 [min] is more preferable, and −3 <η <3 [min] is most preferable.

  This value is based on the result of analyzing the value of η from the viewpoint of visual discomfort, and if -9 <η <9 [minutes], there is little problem in the market. By setting −6 <η <6 [min] and −3 <η <3 [min], the possibility of further problems is reduced.

  If δi exceeds 0.5 [mrad], the problem of difficulty in controlling the wedge angle starts to occur, so it is preferable to satisfy δi ≦ 0.5 [mrad]. Further, in order to more reliably avoid the problem of difficulty in controlling the wedge angle, it is more preferable to satisfy δi ≦ 0.2 [mrad].

  A suitable value for δc was determined experimentally. The inventors have examined a suitable value of δc and found that when δc is 0.05 [mrad] or less, the wedge angle increases due to the deformation of the interlayer film during crimping and the fluoroscopic double image increases. It was. Further, it was found that when δc is 0.3 [mrad] or more, the fluoroscopic double image increases due to the change in thickness that occurs during storage of the intermediate film. Accordingly, 0.05 <δc <0.3 [mrad] is preferable, and 0.05 <δc <0.2 [mrad] is more preferable. In Formula (1), by subtracting δc, it is possible to further reduce the perspective double image not only in the comparative example but also in the example.

  In addition, the peripheral part of the windshield 20 is inferior in importance to a center part (area | region except the peripheral part of the windshield 20) regarding defect avoidance, such as a double image and perspective distortion. Therefore, the wedge angle δg may satisfy the expression (1) at each point in the region other than the peripheral portion of the windshield 20 in the HUD display outside region B. In this case, the wedge angle δg can be set to an arbitrary value in the peripheral portion of the windshield 20 that is less important than the central portion. The region excluding the peripheral portion of the windshield 20 is, for example, a region corresponding to the test region B defined by JIS standard R3212 or the test region A located further inside the test region B.

  That is, in the present embodiment, at least a part of the HUD display outside region B is a region corresponding to, for example, the test region A or the test region B defined by JIS standard R3212.

  In some cases, a camera is mounted on the windshield or the like for the purpose of acquiring information outside the vehicle, but the area where the camera is mounted is generally surrounded by black ceramic (area where the adhesive or the like is applied). Since the change of the wedge angle becomes remarkable at the boundary between the black ceramic and the glass and it becomes difficult to manage the condition of the interlayer film, the wedge angle δg is expressed by the formula (1) in the region surrounded by the black ceramic for mounting the camera. ) Is preferably satisfied. This is to reduce the perspective double image of the image acquired by the camera.

  That is, in the present embodiment, at least a part of the HUD display outside region B is, for example, a region surrounded by black ceramic for mounting a camera.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the wedge angle of the intermediate film 230 is limited to 0 or a small value (0.5 [mrad] or less) at each point in at least a part of the HUD display outside region B. The wedge angle borne by the glass plates 210 and 220 is increased. Thereby, the laminated glass which has the suitable wedge angle which suppresses generation | occurrence | production of the problem of the wedge angle controllability of an intermediate film, and reduces a see-through double image is realizable.

  Specifically, by determining the wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 so as to satisfy the formula (1), the occurrence of the problem of the wedge angle controllability of the interlayer film is suppressed and the perspective double image is reduced. A laminated glass having a suitable wedge angle can be realized. In particular, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the fluoroscopic double image at the upper side (the side having the higher glass height in FIGS. 4 and 5) where the thickness of the laminated glass is increased.

  In the above, the transparent double image of the HUD display outside area B has been described. However, in order to reduce the reflected double image of the HUD display area A, the wedge angle δg of the glass plates 210 and 220 is set to 0.1 [mrad]. ] To 1.2 [mrad] or less.

  The preferred embodiment has been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and replacements are made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the scope described in the claims. Can be added.

10, 40 Light source 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b Light beam 11c, 12c, 41c, 42c Image 20 Windshield 21 Inner surface 22 Outer surface 30 Eye 210, 220 Glass plate 230 HUD display outside area C boundary

Claims (7)

The first glass plate, the second glass plate, and the first glass plate and the second glass plate are bonded between the first glass plate and the second glass plate. A laminated glass comprising an intermediate film,
A first region used in a head-up display, and a second region not used in a head-up display adjacent to the first region,
One or both of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is wedge-shaped glass,
At each point in at least a part of the second region, the wedge angle δg obtained by adding the wedge angle of the first glass plate and the wedge angle of the second glass plate satisfies the following formula (1). Laminated glass characterized by

Where t is the thickness of the laminated glass, R is the local radius of curvature of the laminated glass, n is the refractive index of the laminated glass, φ is the local incident angle of the light incident on the laminated glass, and η is the target angle of the perspective double image. There is a value that satisfies 0 <| η | at one or more points in at least a part of the region, −9 <η <9 [min], and δc is a correction value of the wedge angle, and 0.05 <δc <0.3 [mrad], δi is the wedge angle of the interlayer film, and δi ≦ 0.5 [mrad].   2. The alignment according to claim 1, wherein η is a value satisfying 0 <| η | at one or more points of the at least some of the regions, and −6 <η <6 [minutes]. Glass.   3. The alignment according to claim 2, wherein η is a value that satisfies 0 <| η | at one or more points of the at least some of the regions, and -3 <η <3 [minutes]. Glass.   The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a part of the second region is a region corresponding to a test region A defined by JIS standard R3212.   The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a part of the second region is a region corresponding to a test region B defined by JIS standard R3212.   The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a part of the second region is a region surrounded by black ceramic for mounting a camera.   The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein δi = 0 [mrad].

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