JP2017105047A - Water vapor flow control structure and drier using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water vapor flow control structure having high moisture permeability and high adiabaticity, and a drier using the same.SOLUTION: The carbide particles 1a of a carbide particle layer 1 are held by being held with two film-type moisture-permeable sheets 2-1, 2-2. The diameter of the carbide particles 1a of the carbide particle layer 1 is made smaller than that of the holes 2a of the moisture-permeable sheets 2-1, 2-2. The carbide particle layer 1 has the hygroscopic properties of water vapor, internal diffusibility and dehumidification properties, namely, has moisture-permeability, and the moisture-permeability of the carbide particle layer 1 is maintained by the moisture-permeable sheets 2-1, 2-2. The waver vapor V is moisture-absorbed with the moisture-permeable sheet 2-1, is further moisture-absorbed with the carbide particle layer 1, is internally diffused into the moisture-permeable sheet 2-2, is dehumidified from the moisture-permeable sheet 2-2, and has high moisture permeability. The carbide particle layer 1 has high adiabaticity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a water vapor flow control structure and a drying apparatus using the same, for example, a drying apparatus for drying a high water content biomass at a low temperature (35 ° C. to 60 ° C.).

  In general, a drying device for a high-content water-content biomass having a specific shape such as organic food waste or wood is a box shape. As this type of box-type drying apparatus, there are a vacuum system (reference: Non-Patent Document 1), a decompression system, a heat pump system, and a hot air system (Reference: Non-Patent Document 1).

  The vacuum system requires a vacuum pump, the decompression system requires a decompression fan and a circulation fan for decompression, and further, the heat pump system requires a heat pump, and thus the manufacturing cost and power consumption are high.

  On the other hand, the hot air method requires a heater and a blower fan, but the manufacturing cost is low. However, since the hot air method is an air non-circulation type in which hot air is sent from the outside to evaporate the moisture of the object and exhausted to the outside, the amount of heat used for drying is about 25 to 40% of the input heat amount, and the rest The amount of heat is mainly discharged by discharged hot air (see Non-Patent Document 2). Therefore, power consumption is high. In addition, although an air circulation system can be introduced into the hot air system, in this case, when operated at a low temperature, the drying rate is greatly reduced due to an increase in humidity, and the power consumption is increased (see Non-Patent Document 3). .

  On the other hand, in the first conventional drying apparatus that does not use equipment such as a vacuum pump, a decompression fan, a circulation fan, a heat pump, and a blower fan, the casings such as the ceiling, wall, and floor of the drying chamber are used as the inner plate, intermediate layer, and outer layer. As a plate material, a hygroscopic material (for example, corrugated paper) impregnated or coated with a large amount of a deliquescent hygroscopic agent is inserted in the intermediate layer without any gaps, and a natural ore that emits far-infrared rays is provided in the drying chamber ( Reference: Patent Document 1). Thereby, the intermediate layer absorbs and diffuses moisture evaporating from the inner plate material in a short time, and the outer plate material discharges moisture absorbed by the intermediate layer. Thereby, both the moisture permeability by a hygroscopic agent and the heat insulation by a board | plate material are aimed at.

  Incidentally, the moisture permeability means three properties, that is, a hygroscopic property that absorbs water vapor inside, an internal diffusibility that diffuses the absorbed water vapor outward, and a dehumidifying property that dehumidifies the diffused water vapor outward. Say.

  In addition, in the second conventional drying apparatus that does not use equipment such as a vacuum pump, a decompression fin, a circulation fan, and a heat pump, the ceiling, wall, floor, etc. of the drying chamber are made of plate material, and further generate heat. The heating means to perform and the ventilation means to send the heat from the heating means into the drying chamber are provided (see Patent Document 2). Thereby, the moisture permeability which discharge | releases water vapor | steam inside can be ensured.

JP 2006-132911 A JP 2011-217628 A

Nakamura et al., “First Drying Technology”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, p.102 (2011) Nakamura et al., “First Drying Technology”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, p.130 (2011) Nakamura et al., “First Drying Technology”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, p.132 (2011)

  However, although the first conventional drying device described above can achieve both moisture permeability and heat insulation properties, salts used as a deliquescent hygroscopic agent cannot be targeted for food for safety reasons, and The manufacturing cost is high due to the triple structure in which the intermediate layer is inserted between the double walls of the inner plate and the outer plate.

  Further, the second conventional drying apparatus described above does not use a deliquescent hygroscopic agent. However, if the plate material is made thin, high moisture permeability can be obtained but high heat insulation cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the plate material is made thick, high heat insulation can be obtained, but high moisture permeability cannot be obtained. That is, there is a problem that moisture permeability and heat insulation are in a trade-off relationship and cannot be achieved at the same time.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a water vapor flow control structure according to the present invention includes a carbide particle layer and first and second moisture-permeable sheets sandwiching the carbide particle layer, and the carbide particles of the carbide particle layer. Is larger than the diameter of the holes of the first and second moisture-permeable sheets. Thereby, the carbide particles of the carbide particle layer are held without leakage by the first and second moisture-permeable sheets.

  Moreover, the drying apparatus according to the present invention includes a drying chamber and heating means provided in the drying chamber, and at least a part of the ceiling, wall, floor, and open / close door of the drying chamber is provided by the above-described water vapor flow control structure. It is configured.

  Furthermore, the drying apparatus according to the present invention comprises a main drying chamber, a vacuum drying chamber provided in the main drying chamber, and a vacuum fan provided in the vicinity between the main drying chamber and the vacuum drying chamber, At least a part of the ceiling, wall, floor, and open / close door of the main drying chamber is configured by the above-described water vapor flow control structure.

  According to the present invention, the carbide particle layer sandwiched between the moisture permeable sheets has high moisture permeability and high heat insulation. Therefore, the power consumption of the drying apparatus using this can be reduced. In addition, since less equipment is required, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows the water vapor flow control structure which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of a change of the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. It is the schematic which shows 1st Embodiment of the drying apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a table | surface explaining Example 1 of the drying apparatus of FIG. 3, (A) shows the drying process data of a commercial drying apparatus, (B) shows the drying process data of FIG. 4 is a table for explaining a second embodiment of the drying apparatus of FIG. 3, (A) shows the drying process data of the second conventional drying apparatus, and (B) shows the drying process data of FIG. 3. It is the schematic which shows 2nd Embodiment of the drying apparatus which concerns on this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a water vapor flow control structure according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, the carbide particles 1a of the carbide particle layer 1 are held by being sandwiched between two film-type moisture-permeable sheets 2-1, 2-2. In this case, the diameter of the carbide particles 1a of the carbide particle layer 1 is larger than the diameter of the holes 2a of the moisture permeable sheets 2-1, 2-2, and as a result, the carbide particles 1a of the carbide particle layer 1 are the moisture permeable sheet. 2-1 and 2-2 are held without leakage. For example, the diameter of the carbide particles 1a is 0.1 μm to 10 mm, while the diameter of the holes 2a of the moisture permeable sheets 2-1 and 2-2 is 0.1 μm to 100 μm, preferably 0.5 μm to 10 μm (see: http://www.ntba.jp/modules/weblog0/). As such a carbide particle layer 1, there are granular carbon particles obtained by carbonizing cedar chips or bamboo chips at 400 ° C., and as such moisture-permeable sheets 2-1 and 2-2, there are polyester sheets.

In the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. 1, the carbide particle layer 1 has moisture absorption, internal diffusibility and dehumidification of water vapor, that is, moisture permeability, and the carbide particle layer 1 is formed by moisture permeable sheets 2-1 and 2-2. Moisture permeability is maintained. Therefore, the water vapor V is absorbed by the moisture permeable sheet 2-1, and is further absorbed and internally diffused by the carbide particle layer 1, toward the moisture permeable sheet 2-2, dehumidified from the moisture permeable sheet 2-2, and has high moisture permeability. Presents. The diameter of the water vapor particles of the water vapor V is about 0.0004 μm. Moreover, the carbide particle layer 1 exhibits high heat insulation. Therefore, the thickness _d 1 of the carbide particle layer 1 and the moisture vapor permeable sheet 2-1 and _2-2, d _2-1, when the _{d 2-2} to a suitable value, the steam flow control structure of FIG. 1 is a high permeability Demonstrate wetness and high dehumidification. For example, the thicknesses d ₁ , d _2-1 and d _2-2 are as follows:
d ₁ = 10 to 30 mm
d _2-1 = d _2-2 = 1 mm
It is.

  The carbide particles 1a in FIG. 1 can be dried by impregnating a solution containing an antibacterial component produced using biomass as a raw material. In this case, the solution may be a fulvic acid solution and / or a vinegar solution that are natural antibacterial substances.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, in order to maintain the mechanical strength, the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. 1 uses the moisture-permeable sheets 2-1 and 2-2 as mesh members 3-1, 3-2, for example. It is fixed by crossing an iron round bar with a diameter of 2.5 mm, painted with melamine.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, in order to facilitate assembly, disassembly, and removal, the water vapor flow control structure of FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of a drying apparatus according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 3, the drying apparatus includes a drying chamber 10 including a ceiling 11, a wall 12, a floor 13, and an open / close door (not shown), three-stage trays 14-1 and 14-2 for setting non-dried materials, 14-3, heater 15, blower fans 16-1, 16-2, temperature sensor 17 for detecting the temperature T of the drying chamber 10, and heater 15 and blower fans 16-1, 16 based on the temperature T of the temperature sensor 17. 2 is a control unit (microcomputer) 18 for controlling -2.

  In FIG. 3, the ceiling 11, the wall 12, the floor 13, and the open / close door (not shown) of the drying chamber 10 form the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. 1.

  The operation of the drying apparatus in FIG. 3 will be described below.

First, an object to be dried, such as vegetables and medicinal herbs, is placed on the trays 14-1, 14-2, 14-3. Then, set the predetermined temperature _{T 0,} activates the heater 15 and the blower fan 16-1 and 16-2. Control unit 18 for turning on and off the heater 15 so that the temperature T of the temperature sensor 17 reaches a predetermined temperature T _0. As a result, the air heated by the heater 15 passes through the trays 14-1, 14-2 and 14-3 to dry the objects to be dried, as indicated by the thick arrows, along the ceiling 11 and the wall 12. Then descend and circulate. At this time, the water vapor pressure of the air that has been dried increases, and the water vapor contained in the air is a water vapor flow that constitutes the ceiling 11, the wall 12, the floor 13, and the open / close door (not shown) as indicated by the thin arrows. It is discharged from the inside to the outside of the drying device by the control structure.

The interior of the water vapor flow control structure of the ceiling 11, the wall 12, the floor 13 and the open / close door (not shown) is a circulation type, and heat other than the heat required for drying does not leak due to the heat insulation of the water vapor flow control structure, Alternatively, even if leaked, the heat is small and is circulated in a non-circulating dryer. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged by the water vapor flow control structure, the water vapor pressure of the circulated air becomes low, and the object to be dried can be dried.
[Example 1]

Comparison was made between a commercially available drying device (manufactured by Tomei Tech Co., Ltd., manufactured name: petit marengi, model name: TTM-435S) and the drying device of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The common conditions are as follows.
Set drying temperature: 45 ° C
Drying time: 14 hours Samples to be dried (per one): Round vegetables with a diameter of 30-70 mm and a width of 12 mm Drying outside temperature at the start of drying: 21 ° C.
Drying device outside temperature at the end of drying: 18 ° C
Humidity outside the drying device at the start of drying: 65.5%
Humidity outside drying device at the end of drying: 64.5%
Moreover, the conditions of the drying apparatus of 1st Embodiment of FIG. 3 are as follows.
Dimensions: 500mm wide, 645mm deep, 520mm long
6 surfaces of ceiling, wall and floor: Water vapor flow control structure Carbide particles 1a: Granular carbide particles obtained by carbonizing cedar chips at 400 ° C. Thickness of carbide particle layer 1: 25 mm
Moisture-permeable sheet: Polyester sheet Mesh member: Iron round bar with a diameter of 2.5 mm painted with melamine Baking material: Cedar material with a thickness of 10 mm

The results shown in FIG. 4 (A) were obtained for the commercial drying apparatus, and the results shown in FIG. 4 (B) were obtained for the drying apparatus of FIG. That is, the moisture reduction rate was 0.80 for the commercial drying device and 0.68 for the drying device of FIG. On the other hand, the power consumption required for drying was 2.37 kWh for the commercial drying apparatus and 0.94 kWh for the drying apparatus of FIG. Here, assuming that the increase in moisture reduction rate and power consumption are proportional, the power consumption of the drying device in FIG. 3 is the power consumption of the commercial drying device to achieve the same water reduction rate of 0.8. (0.94 / 2.37) × (0.80 / 0.68) = 0.47 times, and a large power consumption reduction effect was recognized.
[Example 2]

A comparison was made between the second conventional drying apparatus and the drying apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The common conditions are as follows.
Set drying temperature: 45 ° C
Drying time: 17 hours Samples to be dried (per one): Round cut vegetables with a diameter of 40-70 mm and a width of 10 mm Drying outside temperature at the start of drying: 18 ° C.
Drying device external temperature at the end of drying: 13.8 ° C
Humidity outside drying device at the start of drying: 22.0%
Humidity outside drying device at the end of drying: 25.5%
The second conventional drying apparatus is as follows.
Dimensions: 560mm wide, 670mm deep, 590mm long
Ceiling, wall, floor surface: cedar wood with a thickness of 25 mm Further, the conditions of the drying apparatus of the first embodiment in FIG. 3 are as follows.
6 surfaces of ceiling, wall and floor: Water vapor flow control structure Carbide particles 1a: Granular carbide particles obtained by carbonizing cedar chips at 400 ° C. Thickness of carbide particle layer 1: 25 mm
Moisture-permeable sheet: Polyester sheet Mesh member: Iron round bar with a diameter of 2.5 mm painted with melamine Baking material: Cedar material with a thickness of 10 mm

  For the second conventional drying apparatus, the result shown in FIG. 5A was obtained, and for the drying apparatus of FIG. 3, the result shown in FIG. 5B was obtained. That is, the moisture reduction rate was 0.86 for the second conventional drying device and 0.87 for the drying device of FIG. On the other hand, the power consumption required for drying was 1.82 kWh for the second conventional drying device and 1.38 kWh for the drying device of FIG. Here, assuming that the increase in the moisture reduction rate is proportional to the power consumption, the power consumption of the drying device of FIG. 3 is the second conventional drying device to achieve the same moisture reduction rate of 0.87. (1.38 / 1.82) × (0.86 / 0.87) = 0.75 times the power consumption amount, and a large power consumption reduction effect was recognized.

  In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 described above, the ceiling 11, the wall 12, the floor 13, and the open / close door are configured by the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. 1, but the ceiling 11, the wall 12, the floor What is necessary is just to comprise at least one part of 13 and an opening-and-closing door by the water vapor flow control structure of FIG.

  Moreover, in the drying apparatus shown in FIG. 3 described above, the air flow may be natural convection without providing the blower fans 16-1 and 16-2.

  Furthermore, the drying apparatus shown in FIG. 3 can be applied to a drying apparatus having a rotary kiln (cylindrical) drying chamber. The rotary kiln type drying chamber has a horizontal cylindrical shape and is suitable for drying okara and the like. In this case, at least a part of the cylindrical wall of the rotary kiln type drying chamber is constituted by the water vapor flow control structure of FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the drying apparatus according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 6, the drying device includes a main drying chamber 20, a vacuum drying chamber 30 provided in the main drying chamber 20, and a control unit (microcomputer) 40.

  The main drying chamber 20 includes a ceiling 11, a wall 12, a floor 13, and an open / close door (not shown).

  In the vacuum drying chamber 30, three-stage trays 31-1, 31-2, and 31-3 for setting non-dried materials, a vacuum fan 32 and a circulation fan 33 provided near the boundary with the main drying chamber 20. A temperature sensor 34 and a pressure sensor 35 for detecting the temperature T and pressure P of the vacuum drying chamber 30 are provided.

  The control unit 40 controls the decompression fan and the circulation fan 33 based on the temperature T of the temperature sensor 34 and the pressure P of the pressure sensor 35.

  In FIG. 6, the ceiling 21, the wall 22, the floor 23, and the open / close door (not shown) of the main drying chamber 20 form the water vapor flow control structure of FIG. Therefore, since the main drying chamber 20 is insulated, the vacuum drying chamber 30 does not need to be insulated.

  In the vacuum drying chamber 30, the air in the vacuum drying chamber 30 is exhausted into the main drying chamber 20 by the on / off operation of the vacuum fan 32 and the circulation fan 33, and the pressure in the vacuum drying chamber 30 is reduced. At this time, the temperature of the air sucked into the reduced pressure drying chamber 30 from the main drying chamber 20 is increased by the heat generated from the reduced pressure fan 32 and the circulation fan 33. In this way, drying under reduced pressure is performed.

  The operation of the drying apparatus in FIG. 6 will be described below.

First, an object to be dried such as vegetables and herbs is placed on the trays 31-1, 31-2, 31-3. Next, a predetermined temperature T ₀ and pressure P ₀ are set, and the decompression fan 32 and the circulation fan 33 are started. The control unit 40 performs on / off control of the decompression fan 32 and the circulation fan 33 so that the temperature T of the temperature sensor 34 becomes a predetermined temperature T ₀ and the pressure P of the pressure sensor 35 becomes a predetermined pressure P ₀ . As a result, the air sucked from the main drying chamber 20 passes through the trays 31-1, 31-2, 31-3 as shown by thick arrows, and dries the object to be dried. Cycle down along the line. At this time, the water vapor pressure of the dried air rises, and the water vapor contained in the air flows as shown in the thin line arrows in the ceiling 21, the wall 22, the floor 23, and the open / close door (not shown). It is discharged from the inside to the outside of the main drying chamber 20 by the control structure.

  As described above, in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the amount that the heat insulation of the vacuum drying chamber required in the conventional vacuum drying apparatus becomes unnecessary. In addition, power consumption can be reduced because heat conversion between intake air and exhaust gas is no longer necessary.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 described above, if the pressure and temperature of the reduced pressure drying chamber 30 can be controlled only by the reduced pressure fan 32, the circulation fan 33 becomes unnecessary.

  Further, the present invention can be applied to any change within the obvious range of the above-described embodiment.

  The water vapor flow control structure according to the present invention can be used for a drying device for wood, a waterproof device, and the like in addition to drying devices for vegetables, herbs, and the like.

1: Carbide particle layer 1a: Carbide particles 2-1, 2-2: Moisture permeable sheet 2a: Hole 3-1, 3-2: Mesh member
4: Unit 10: Drying room
11: Ceiling 12: Wall 13: Floor
14-1, 14-2, 14-3: Tray
15: Heater 16-1, 16-2: Blower fan 17: Temperature sensor 18: Control unit 20: Main drying room 21: Ceiling 22: Wall 23: Floor
30: Vacuum drying chambers 31-1, 31-2, 31-3: tray
32: decompression fan 33: circulation fan 34: temperature sensor 35: pressure sensor 40: control unit

In addition, in the second conventional drying apparatus that does not use equipment such as a vacuum pump, a decompression fan , a circulation fan, and a heat pump, the ceiling, wall, floor, etc. of the drying chamber are made of plate materials, and further generate heat. The heating means to perform and the ventilation means to send the heat from the heating means into the drying chamber are provided (see Patent Document 2). Thereby, the moisture permeability which discharge | releases water vapor | steam inside can be ensured.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the water vapor flow control structure according to the present invention sandwiches a carbide particle layer impregnated with a solution containing an antibacterial component produced using biomass as a raw material, and the carbide particle layer. The first and second moisture permeable sheets are provided, and the diameter of the carbide particles of the carbide particle layer is larger than the diameter of the holes of the first and second moisture permeable sheets. Thereby, the carbide particles of the carbide particle layer are held without leakage by the first and second moisture-permeable sheets.

In FIG. 3, the drying apparatus includes a drying chamber 10 including a ceiling 11, a wall 12, a floor 13, and an open / close door (not shown), three-stage trays 14-1 and 14-2 for setting an object to be dried, 14-3, heater 15, blower fans 16-1, 16-2, temperature sensor 17 for detecting the temperature T of the drying chamber 10, and heater 15 and blower fans 16-1, 16 based on the temperature T of the temperature sensor 17. 2 is a control unit (microcomputer) 18 for controlling -2.

In the reduced-pressure drying chamber 30, three-stage trays 31-1, 31-2, and 31-3 for setting an object to be dried, a reduced-pressure fan 32 and a circulation fan 33 provided near the boundary with the main drying chamber 20. A temperature sensor 34 and a pressure sensor 35 for detecting the temperature T and pressure P of the vacuum drying chamber 30 are provided.

Claims (13)

A carbide particle layer;
Comprising first and second moisture permeable sheets sandwiching the carbide particle layer,
The water vapor flow control structure in which the carbide particle diameter of the carbide particle layer is larger than the diameter of the holes of the first and second moisture-permeable sheets. The carbide particles have a diameter of 0.1 μm to 10 mm,
The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the hole of the moisture-permeable sheet is 0.1 μm to 100 μm.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbide particle layer is made of carbonized granular carbon particles.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein the first and second moisture-permeable sheets are made of a polyester sheet.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein the carbide particles are carbide particles impregnated in a solution containing an antibacterial component produced using biomass as a raw material and dried.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 5, wherein the solution is a fulvic acid solution and / or a vinegar solution.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein the first and second moisture-permeable sheets are fixed with a mesh-like member.   The water vapor flow control structure according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor flow control structure is unitized with a predetermined size. A drying chamber;
Heating means provided in the drying chamber,
The drying apparatus comprised by the water vapor flow control structure as described in any one of Claims 1-8 at least one part of the ceiling of the said drying chamber, a wall, a floor, and an opening-and-closing door.   Furthermore, the drying apparatus of Claim 9 which comprises a ventilation fan. A rotary kiln drying chamber;
Heating means provided in the rotary kiln type drying chamber,
The at least one part of the cylindrical wall of the said rotary kiln type drying chamber is the drying apparatus comprised by the water vapor flow control structure as described in any one of Claims 1-8. A main drying room;
A vacuum drying chamber provided in the main drying chamber;
A vacuum fan provided in the vicinity between the main drying chamber and the vacuum drying chamber;
Comprising
The drying apparatus comprised by the water vapor flow control structure as described in any one of Claims 1-8 at least one part of the ceiling of the said main drying chamber, a wall, a floor, and an opening-and-closing door.   Furthermore, the drying apparatus of Claim 12 which comprises the circulation fan provided in the vicinity between the said main drying chamber and the said pressure reduction drying chamber.

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