JP2017094244A - Water treatment installation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment installation in which maintenance is facilitated.SOLUTION: A water treatment installation comprises: a filtration layer for filtering raw water in an upward counter flow; and an air diffusion device 100b for supplying air for generating air bubbles on a lower side of the filtration layer, and floating the air bubbles through the filtration layer, thereby purifying the filtration layer. The air diffusion device 100b comprises: a main pipe 3a for air feeding, disposed on a lower side of the filtration layer; and plural branch pipes 4 branched from the main pipe 3a for air feeding. The branch pipes 4 comprise respectively, a connection part 4a connected to the main pipe 3a for air feeding, and an opening 4b for releasing air which is introduced from the main pipe 3a for air feeding through the connection part 4a, for generating air bubbles on a lower side of the filtration layer. The branch pipes 4 have a turn part 4c where a distribution direction of the air is turned from downward to upward, in a range between the connection part 4a and the opening 4b, and on at least the turn part 4c, the branch pipes can be separated into one and the other parts which can be detachably coupled.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a water treatment facility, and more specifically, a filter layer that filters raw water in an upward flow, and an air diffuser that generates bubbles below the filter layer to remove deposits attached to the filter layer. And a water treatment facility.

Conventionally, in filtration processing using raw water such as river water, lake water, and drainage, a water treatment facility having a filter layer in which granular filter media such as gravel, sand, activated carbon, and plastic particles are deposited is used.
As this water treatment facility, there is known a system in which the filter layer is provided inside a concrete tank body, raw water is supplied below the filter layer, and the raw water is flowed upward and filtered through the filter layer. It has been.
In this type of water treatment facility, most of the removal object to be removed from the raw water is captured by the filter layer, so that purified water with a small amount of removal object is stored on the upper side of the filter layer.

In this type of water treatment facility, since the removal object accumulates in the filter layer, it is necessary to periodically remove the removal object from the filter layer and purify the filter layer.
As a method for purifying the filter layer, as shown in Patent Document 1 below, a method of purifying the filter layer by generating bubbles below the filter layer and causing the bubbles to float through the filter layer is known. Yes.

JP 2000-237738 A

When purifying the filter layer by the above-described method, an air supply main pipe referred to as an air distribution pipe or the like in the above-mentioned patent document and a plurality of branches branched from the air supply main pipe A diffuser with a tube is used.
The main pipe for supply of air is usually arranged in the form of being placed below the filter layer.
The plurality of branch pipes are usually connected at regular intervals in the length direction of the main supply pipe.
The branch pipe is placed with the opening provided at the tip to release the gas introduced from the air supply main pipe at a position close to the filtration layer above the connection with the main air supply pipe. ing.
Further, in the purification of the filter layer, a member called an air dispersion material or the like for dispersing the point where the gas released from the opening of the branch pipe is horizontally generated to generate bubbles below the filter layer Is used.

By the way, during filtration operations other than purifying the filter layer, raw water may flow into the branch pipe or the main air supply pipe.
When the purification operation for purifying the filter layer is started in a state where raw water is flowing into the branch pipe or the supply main, the raw water that has flowed into these parts is converted into gas in the supply main. By being supplied, it is driven out along the gas supply path.
That is, when the purification operation for purifying the filter layer is started, the boundary between the supplied gas and the raw water in the pipe moves along the length direction of the supply main pipe.
Here, if the branch pipe is extended straight upward from the supply main pipe, the water in the branch pipe falls into the main pipe when the supply main pipe is replaced with gas from the main water, and the branch pipe is removed. The gas is immediately released.

This seems to be convenient at first glance, but when the gas discharge starts from the branch pipe on the proximal end side of the main air supply pipe, the pressure for expelling the raw water is difficult to be secured on the distal end side of the main air supply pipe. Therefore, it takes time until the gas is evenly discharged from all the branch pipes.
In order to prevent such a situation, an electromagnetic valve is provided in each branch pipe so that gas is released from all the branch pipes at the same time, or in the first place so that raw water does not flow into the branch pipe or the main air supply pipe. A mechanism such as a check valve may be provided in the branch pipe.
However, in that case, the apparatus configuration becomes complicated, the control during operation becomes complicated, and there is a possibility that a great deal of labor is required for maintenance of the apparatus.

Therefore, a turn part is provided between the branch pipe connection part and the opening part so that the flow direction turns from the downward direction to the upward direction. At least the raw water accumulated in the turn part must be expelled from the opening part, so that the release of gas does not start. It is possible to do so.
By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to suppress the quick release of gas from the branch pipe on the proximal end side of the supply main pipe at the start of the purification operation without providing a special control mechanism such as a solenoid valve. .
However, there is a possibility that foreign matter having a specific gravity higher than that of water is accumulated in such a turn portion, and there is a possibility that it takes time and effort to remove the foreign matter.
That is, the conventional water treatment facility is not sufficiently easy to maintain.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment facility that is easier to maintain than conventional ones.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a filter layer for filtering raw water in an upward flow, supplying gas to generate bubbles below the filter layer, and causing the bubbles to float through the filter layer. An air diffuser that purifies the filter layer, and the air diffuser includes an air supply main pipe disposed below the filter layer and a plurality of branch pipes branched from the air supply main pipe. The branch pipe discharges the gas introduced from the supply main through the connection to connect the connection to the supply main and the connection part to generate bubbles below the filter layer. An opening, and the branch pipe has a turn part in which a gas flow direction turns from the downward direction to the upward direction between the connection part and the opening part, and is detachable from each other at least in the turn part. A water treatment facility that can be divided into one and the other is provided.

In the present invention, since the turn part is provided in the branch pipe, it is possible to suppress the complexity of the device configuration and the branch pipe can be divided in the turn part, so that foreign matter is accumulated in the turn part. It can be easily removed.
That is, according to the present invention, a water treatment facility that is easy to maintain can be provided.

A sectional view of water treatment equipment of one embodiment. II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. The partially broken perspective view of an air diffuser. The partial expanded sectional view of FIG. VV sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

The water treatment facility of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water treatment facility, showing a state in which the water treatment facility is cut along a vertical plane.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 1 and 2 are views in which the horizontal direction is the lateral (left-right) direction.
In the following, the horizontal direction in FIG. 2 may be referred to as “depth direction”, and the horizontal direction in FIG. 1 may be referred to as “width direction”.
Hereinafter, the vertical (vertical) direction in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be referred to as “vertical direction”.

The water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment is for filtering raw water, and as shown in the figure, has a tank body 100a for containing the raw water and purified water obtained by filtering the raw water. ing.
A raw water inflow pipe 1 for introducing raw water is disposed inside the tank body 100a, and a pressure rod 2 for storing the raw water flowing in from the raw water inflow pipe 1 is provided at the bottom of the tank main body 100a. Yes.
The water treatment facility includes an air diffuser 100b. The air diffuser 100b includes an air supply main pipe 3 that is disposed in a horizontal state above the pressure rod 2, and the air supply device. And a branch pipe 4 branched from the main pipe 3 and extending upward from the supply main pipe 3.
The water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment includes two supply mains 3a and 3b, and a plurality of branch pipes 4 are connected to each supply main.

The air diffuser includes a guide member 5 that captures the gas released from the branch pipe 4 and floats and guides the gas in the horizontal direction.
The guide member 5 has a ceiling wall portion extending in the horizontal direction, and is provided in the water treatment facility so as to support the filter layer by the ceiling wall portion.
The filter layer includes a gravel layer 6 in which gravel is deposited on the induction member, and an activated carbon layer 7 in which activated carbon is deposited on the gravel layer 6.

The water treatment facility 100 is for performing filtration by passing raw water through the filter layer in an upward flow, and the air diffuser 100b is for purifying the filter layer. .
That is, the water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment supplies a filter layer that filters raw water in an upward flow and a gas such as air to generate bubbles below the filter layer, and the bubbles pass through the filter layer. An air diffuser that purifies the filter layer by levitating, and the air diffuser includes an air supply main pipe disposed below the filter layer, and a plurality of branches branched from the air supply main pipe And a branch pipe.

The water treatment facility is stored in the filtration chamber 8 for storing purified water obtained by purifying raw water through the filter layer by passing the raw water as an upward flow and purifying the raw water with the filter layer. And a trough 9 for allowing the purified water to flow out of the tank body 100a when the purified water reaches a certain level or more.
The water treatment facility 100 of this embodiment is formed so that an operator can enter the pressure bar 2 and perform maintenance work.
It is preferable that the distance between the ceiling wall portion of the guide member 5 and the bottom surface of the pressure rod 2 is set to about 1.5 to 2 m in consideration of the ease of removing foreign substances manually.

The air diffuser 100b includes a plate-shaped perforated plate 13 that supports the filter layer from below and constitutes a ceiling wall portion of the guide member 5.
That is, the guide member 5 includes a ceiling wall portion extending in the horizontal direction.
The guide member 5 further includes a pair of side wall portions depending from the lower surface of the ceiling wall portion.
The pair of side wall portions extend in the horizontal direction in parallel to each other so as to form a guide path for guiding the gas released from the branch pipe 4 and rising up in the horizontal direction.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of air holes are formed in the side wall portion in order to disperse a plurality of bubble generation locations below the filter layer.

The side wall portion of the present embodiment is constituted by two long plate-like air dispersion materials 10.
The two air dispersion members 10 are parallel to each other on the lower surface side of the perforated plate 13 so that the longitudinal direction thereof is the horizontal direction, and the cross-sectional shape on the vertical plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is an inverted V shape. It is combined to become.
The water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of pairs of the air dispersion materials 10 combined so that the cross-sectional shape is an inverted V shape as described above. These are arranged so that a predetermined distance 11 is provided between them and the longitudinal direction is the width direction W of the water treatment facility 100.
The plurality of pairs of air dispersion materials 10 have inverted V-shaped tops connected to the perforated plate 13.
In other words, the perforated plate 13 of this embodiment also functions as a connection member that connects a plurality of pairs of air dispersion members 10 arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction.

The air dispersion member 10 is formed with a plurality of orifices 12 as vent holes so that the air discharged from the branch pipe 4 can be guided in the horizontal direction and discharged from the orifice 12 as fine bubbles. Is formed.
That is, the water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment is formed so as to be able to generate bubbles in a wider range and finer than by generating the bubbles directly from the branch pipe 4 by providing the guide member 5.
The bubbles are generated through the orifice below the filter layer and then supplied to the filter layer through the vent holes 15 of the perforated plate 13.
The bubbles are used to purify the filter layer by removing deposits attached to the filter medium when rising through the filter layer.

The narrower the gap 11 between the pair of the air dispersion material 10 that forms the air guiding path between the air dispersion material 10 and the air dispersion material 10 adjacent to the air dispersion material 10, the more uniform the generation of bubbles below the filter layer. This is advantageous in purifying the filter layer.
On the other hand, the distance 11 is advantageous in that it is easy to insert a cleaning member such as a brush or a hand between adjacent air dispersion materials 10 and the perforated plate 13 and the air dispersion material 10 are maintained. Become.
Therefore, in order to make the water treatment facility 100 excellent in maintainability, the interval 11 between the adjacent air dispersion materials 10 and 10 is preferably set to 5 to 20 cm, for example.

The air dispersion material 10 of this embodiment has a function as a reinforcing material for supporting the perforated plate 13 from below and causing the induction member to exhibit excellent strength for supporting the filter layer.
Further, the guide member of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of partition members 14 so as to be substantially equally spaced in the longitudinal direction of the air dispersion material 10.
As shown in FIG. 3, the partition member 14 has a long plate shape and is disposed below the perforated plate 13, and its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the air dispersion material 10.
That is, the guide member 5 extends the partition member 14 along the depth direction D of the water treatment facility.
Whereas the air dispersion material 10 has its plate surface inclined with respect to the vertical plane, the partition member 14 is arranged so that the width direction is vertical, and the plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. It arrange | positions so that the cross-sectional shape at the time of cut | disconnecting with a perforated plate may become T shape.

The air supply main pipe 3 extends along the depth direction D of the water treatment facility in the same manner as the partition member 14, and the branch pipe 4 branches from the air supply main pipe 3 and extends upward. Is positioned between the air dispersion members 10.
The branch pipe 4 has a connection part 4a connected to the supply main pipe 3 on the lower end side and an opening part for discharging the gas introduced from the supply main pipe 3 through the connection part 4a on the upper end side. 4b.
In addition, the branch pipe 4 has the opening 4b positioned in an air guide path formed between a pair of air dispersion members 10 having an inverted V-shaped cross section, and the width of the branch pipe 4 decreases toward the top. The opening is positioned at a relatively upper part of the guiding path.

The branch pipe 4 is connected to the lower end portion of the supply main pipe 3, and after turning downward one end from the connection portion 4a, turns in the horizontal direction and further turns in the upward direction. The overall shape in a side view is J-shaped.
That is, the branch pipe 4 has a turn portion 4c between the connecting portion 4a and the opening 4b where the gas flow direction turns from the downward direction to the upward direction.
In addition, the branch pipe 4 can be divided into one side 41 and the other side 42 that are detachable from each other at least in the turn part 4c.

The air dispersion material 10 includes a group of orifices having a fixed formation position in the vertical direction slightly below the opening 4b of the branch pipe 4 as the orifice 12, and in the vertical direction below the orifice in the vertical direction. And a group of orifices having a fixed formation position.
The air dispersion material 10 is formed such that the opening diameter of the lower-side orifice (hereinafter also referred to as “lower orifice 12b”) is wider than the upper-side orifice (hereinafter also referred to as “upper orifice 12a”). Has been.

In the branch pipe 4, the opening 4 b is arranged higher than the upper orifice 12 a and the lower orifice 12 b of the air dispersion material 10.
Accordingly, the branch pipe 4 can have the opening 4b positioned above the water surface 16 when the supply of air is stopped.
However, in the water treatment facility 100 of this embodiment, it is difficult to completely prevent the raw water from flowing in from the opening 4b, and the raw water flows into the branch pipe 4 and the supply main pipe 3. .
In that case, foreign matter having a specific gravity higher than that of water is mainly accumulated in the turn portion 4 c of the branch pipe 4.
However, in the water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment, the branch pipe 4 can be divided at the turn part 4c, and therefore the branch pipe 4 can be divided to easily remove foreign matters.

The branch pipe 4 may collide with the air dispersion member 10 when the opening 4b is moved in the upward direction and the opening 4b is moved in the depth direction D. Have
On the other hand, the branch pipe 4 can freely move in the direction of the air guide path formed by the air dispersion material 10 as a pair.
Therefore, it is preferable that the dividing direction of the turn portion 4c of the branch pipe 4 is the same as the direction in which the guide path is formed at the position where the opening 4b is located.
In the present embodiment, the branch pipe 4 can be divided in the direction in which the guide path is formed, and the internal cleaning work can be easily performed.

Moreover, in the branch pipe 4 of this embodiment, the one side 41 and the other side 42 that are detachable from each other in the turn part 4 c are connected by a union joint 43.
That is, one of the branch pipes 41 and the other 42 is provided with a socket-type union nut that is rotatably fitted to one of the pipe ends, and the other pipe end is A male screw that can be screwed onto the union nut is formed.
The branch pipe 4 can be connected to the one 41 and the other 42 by rotating the union nut in a state where the pipe end surfaces are attached to each other and screwing the union nut into the male screw. .
That is, the branch pipe 4 of this embodiment can be easily attached and detached between the one 41 and the other 42.
Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the branch pipe 4 can be improved by using a union joint instead of a screw connection.

Note that the degree of air release from each branch pipe 4 may vary depending on the connection position of the branch pipe 4 and the supply main pipe 3.
It is difficult to grasp in advance the degree of air release from the branch pipe 4.
Therefore, adjusting the degree of air discharge from each branch pipe 4 to equalize the amount of air released from the branch pipe 4 is based on the result of trial operation with all branch pipes arranged. It is preferable.

Since the branch pipe 4 according to the present embodiment can be divided into the one 41 and the other 42 that are detachable from each other, a plate-like member having an opening smaller than the inner diameter of the branch pipe 4 is used as the one 41 and the other 42. It is possible to easily adjust the air discharge amount by providing a constricted portion having an inner diameter constricted between them.
In that case, the side of the opening 4b is usually displaced in the horizontal direction by the thickness of the plate-like member interposed. Therefore, the adjustment of the air discharge amount as described above can be easily performed.

As a result, in the water treatment facility 100 of the present embodiment, the air discharged from the orifice 12 of the air dispersion material 10 is discharged in substantially the same amount for each partition partitioned by the partition member 14.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the gravel layer 6 and the activated carbon layer 7 provided on the upper part of the air diffuser 100b are cleaned almost uniformly.

The water treatment facility of this embodiment can be used for the purpose of filtering water in a wide range of fields such as domestic wastewater, wastewater from food factories, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, landfill leachate, tap water, irrigation water and seawater. .
An apparatus for performing filtration in the water treatment facility of the present embodiment can be, for example, a fluidized bed biological filtration apparatus or a fixed bed activated carbon adsorption apparatus.
In addition, in this embodiment, although the case where arrangement | positioning of the air dispersion material 10 is made into reverse V shape is illustrated, arrangement | positioning of the air dispersion material 10 in this invention is not limited to this, and is reverse U-shape. Or any other shape.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the case where a filter layer is made into the two-layer structure of a gravel layer and an activated carbon layer is illustrated, the filter layer of this invention has two layers different from a gravel layer, an activated carbon layer, etc. Layers may be laminated.
Furthermore, the filter layer of the present invention may be a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
The water treatment facility of the present embodiment is not limited in terms of the form of a specific aspect of the apparatus for performing filtration, for example, an air-water distribution apparatus attached to a fluidized bed biological filtration apparatus or a fixed bed activated carbon adsorption apparatus The present invention also relates to a water treatment apparatus using the air / water distributor.

  In addition, the water treatment facility of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various modifications can be made to the above-illustrated embodiment.

1: Raw water inflow pipe, 2: Pressure trough, 3, 3a, 3b: Main pipe for air supply, 4: Branch pipe, 4a: Connection part, 4b: Opening part, 4c: Turn part, 5: Induction member, 6: Gravel layer, 7: Activated carbon layer, 8: Filtration chamber, 9: Trough, 10: Air dispersion material (side wall), 12: Orifice (ventilation hole), 13: Perforated plate, 14: Partition member, 43: Union joint , 100: Water treatment equipment, 100a: Tank body, 100b: Air diffuser

Claims (3)

A filter layer for filtering the raw water in an upward flow;
An air diffuser for purifying the filter layer by supplying gas to generate bubbles below the filter layer and causing the bubbles to float through the filter layer;
The air diffuser has an air supply main pipe disposed below the filter layer, and a plurality of branch pipes branched from the air supply main pipe,
The branch pipe includes a connection part connected to the supply main pipe, and an opening for discharging gas introduced from the supply main pipe through the connection part to generate bubbles below the filter layer. With
The branch pipe has a turn portion in which the gas flow direction turns from the downward direction to the upward direction between the connection portion and the opening portion, and at least one of the turn portions is detachable from one another and the other. Water treatment equipment that can be divided. The air diffuser further includes a guide member that captures the gas released from the opening of the branch pipe and floats and guides the gas in a horizontal direction,
The guide member includes a ceiling wall portion extending in a horizontal direction and a pair of side wall portions depending from the lower surface of the ceiling wall portion,
The pair of side wall portions extend horizontally in parallel to each other so as to form a guide path for guiding the gas therebetween, and disperse a plurality of locations where bubbles are generated below the filter layer. To have a plurality of ventilation holes,
The split pipe that can be divided has the opening positioned between a pair of side walls that form the guiding path, and can be divided in the direction in which the guiding path is formed at the position where the opening is positioned. The water treatment facility according to claim 1.   The water treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one and the other that are detachable from each other in the turn part are connected by a union joint.