JP2017089261A - Drainage material and drainage structure of tunnel - Google Patents

Drainage material and drainage structure of tunnel Download PDF

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JP2017089261A
JP2017089261A JP2015221404A JP2015221404A JP2017089261A JP 2017089261 A JP2017089261 A JP 2017089261A JP 2015221404 A JP2015221404 A JP 2015221404A JP 2015221404 A JP2015221404 A JP 2015221404A JP 2017089261 A JP2017089261 A JP 2017089261A
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water
tunnel
drainage
water flow
flow space
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修 岸本
Osamu Kishimoto
修 岸本
尚 原田
Takashi Harada
尚 原田
真人 宮野
Masato Miyano
真人 宮野
直人 渡部
Naoto Watabe
直人 渡部
悟 北川
Satoru Kitagawa
悟 北川
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CI Kasei Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drainage material and a drainage structure of a tunnel that drain inflow water from a ground side for certain, make a working surface of a waterproof sheet smooth, and curtail work time.SOLUTION: A drain material 11 includes: a water conduction space formation material 23 having a plurality of protruded strips 25 formed integrally on a surface of a band body 13 opposite a natural ground side of an excavated tunnel, the protruded strips forming a water conduction space 27 therebetween and the band body being made of a thermoplastic resin, having flexibility and water shielding property, and being flat on front and rear surfaces, and furthermore the water conduction space forming material having a length in a longitudinal direction that equals or is longer than a length from a ceiling part to a side bottom part of the excavated tunnel; and a water-permeable filter material 29 fixed at a tip of the protruded strip 25 and covering the water conduction space 27.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、排水材及びトンネルの排水構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a drainage material and a drainage structure of a tunnel.

湧水が多い箇所に用いられる種々の導水材が知られている。
特許文献1には、基材シートの平板状の基部の両面に互いに平行な突条とした突部を交互に設け、突部の先端部に、多孔質板とした透水性材料を固着し、基材シートの両面に、空隙と透水性材料とにより、通水路が形成される防水シートが開示される。
特許文献2には、不織布の間に突起部を有する樹脂板の波板を挟み不織布による樹脂板の被覆面は接着剤を用いて被覆接合する熱可塑性樹脂板状排水用ロ材が開示される。
また、特許文献3には、通水層と不透水層とを有する1枚のシートが開示される。通水層には、面に平行に走っている複数の流路(溝状)が設けられ、その流路壁は合成樹脂フィルムで構成される。この流路壁は、開放構造のもので、流路壁の上下面に流路空隙を確保するために固定用シート(不織布または織物)が接合される。このシートは、空隙を確保し得るものであればよく、さらに透水性に富む粗目のシート、特に不織布が好ましい、とされている。
Various water-conducting materials used for locations with a lot of spring water are known.
In Patent Document 1, protrusions parallel to each other are provided alternately on both surfaces of the flat base of the base sheet, and a water-permeable material as a porous plate is fixed to the tip of the protrusion, A waterproof sheet is disclosed in which a water passage is formed on both surfaces of a base sheet by a gap and a water-permeable material.
Patent Document 2 discloses a thermoplastic resin plate-like drainage material in which a corrugated plate of a resin plate having a protruding portion is sandwiched between non-woven fabrics and the covering surface of the non-woven fabric resin plate is coated and bonded using an adhesive. .
Patent Document 3 discloses a single sheet having a water-permeable layer and an impermeable layer. The water flow layer is provided with a plurality of flow paths (grooves) running parallel to the surface, and the flow path walls are made of a synthetic resin film. This flow path wall has an open structure, and a fixing sheet (nonwoven fabric or woven fabric) is joined to secure flow path gaps on the upper and lower surfaces of the flow path wall. The sheet may be any sheet as long as it can ensure voids, and is preferably a coarse sheet having a high water permeability, particularly a nonwoven fabric.

特開昭64−062599号公報JP-A-64-062599 実開昭48−067518号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 48-067518 特開平5−195696号公報JP-A-5-195696

しかしながら、上記した従来の導水材は、流路を一次覆工内面に対面させて貼り付けた場合、一次覆工内面からの遊離石灰の付着により、経年的に流路が目詰まりしやすい。また、導水材の坑道側に凹凸があると、防水シート施工面の平滑性が低下し、二次覆工コンクリートの背面拘束によりひび割れが生じやすい。さらに、防水シートの全てを導水材とした場合、コストが増大し、作業も繁雑となる。   However, when the above-described conventional water guiding material is attached with the flow channel facing the inner surface of the primary lining, the flow channel is likely to be clogged over time due to adhesion of free lime from the inner surface of the primary lining. Moreover, if there is unevenness on the mine side of the water guide material, the smoothness of the waterproof sheet construction surface is lowered, and cracking is likely to occur due to the back restraint of the secondary lining concrete. Furthermore, when all the waterproof sheets are used as the water guiding material, the cost increases and the work becomes complicated.

本発明は上記状況に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、地山側からの湧水を確実に側底部へ排水でき、また、防水シート施工面を平滑化でき、施工のための作業時間を短縮できる排水材及びトンネルの排水構造を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its purpose is to ensure that the spring water from the natural mountain side can be drained to the side bottom, and the waterproof sheet construction surface can be smoothed, and the work time for construction can be reduced. It is to provide a drainage material that can be shortened and a drainage structure of a tunnel.

次に、上記の課題を解決するための手段を、実施の形態に対応する図面を参照して説明する。
本発明の請求項1記載の排水材11は、熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体13のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間27となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部15から側底部17までの長さを有する通水空間形成材23と、
通水性を有して、前記凸部の突出先端に固定され、前記通水空間27を覆うフィルター材29と、
を具備することを特徴とする。
Next, means for solving the above problems will be described with reference to the drawings corresponding to the embodiments.
The drainage material 11 according to claim 1 of the present invention is made of a thermoplastic resin that has flexibility and water-blocking property, and has a flat surface 13 that faces the ground side of the tunnel excavation tunnel. A plurality of convex portions to be the water space 27 are integrally formed, and the water flow space forming member 23 having a longitudinal direction having a length from at least the ceiling portion 15 to the side bottom portion 17 of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A filter material 29 having water permeability, fixed to the protruding tip of the convex portion, and covering the water flow space 27;
It is characterized by comprising.

この排水材11では、帯状に形成されるので、一次覆工内面の特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。また、余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。
また、排水材11は、通水空間形成材23の地山側に通水空間27が配置される。この通水空間27は、地山側がフィルター材29によって覆われる。一次覆工内面から流入する遊離石灰は、フィルター材29によって補足され、通水空間27への侵入が抑制される。これにより、通水空間27は、長期間に渡り目詰まりが抑制される。また、排水材11は、坑道18側の面が平坦面21となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となる。
Since the drainage material 11 is formed in a belt shape, it can be locally attached to a portion of the primary lining inner surface where there is a particularly large amount of spring water. In addition, since there is no need for extra laying, there is no reduction in material cost and workability due to kinking.
Further, the drainage material 11 has a water flow space 27 disposed on the natural mountain side of the water flow space forming material 23. The water flow space 27 is covered with a filter material 29 on the natural mountain side. Free lime flowing from the inner surface of the primary lining is supplemented by the filter material 29, and entry into the water flow space 27 is suppressed. Thereby, clogging of the water flow space 27 is suppressed over a long period of time. Further, since the drainage material 11 has a flat surface 21 on the side of the mine shaft 18, the waterproof sheet construction surface covering the surface can be smoothed.

本発明の請求項2記載の排水材11は、熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体13のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間27となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部15から側底部17までの長さを有する通水空間形成材23と、
前記通水空間形成材23の坑道18側の面を覆って前記坑道18側の面に固定される不織布と、
を具備することを特徴とする。
The drainage material 11 according to claim 2 of the present invention is made of a thermoplastic resin and has a flexible and water-blocking flat body 13 on the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel excavation tunnel, and between them. A plurality of convex portions to be the water space 27 are integrally formed, and the water flow space forming member 23 having a longitudinal direction having a length from at least the ceiling portion 15 to the side bottom portion 17 of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A non-woven fabric covering the surface of the water passage space forming material 23 on the side of the mine shaft 18 and fixed to the surface on the side of the mine shaft 18;
It is characterized by comprising.

この排水材11では、一次覆工内面の特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。また、排水材11は、地山側に通水空間27を有することで、地山側からの湧水を側底部17へ排水できる。
また、排水材11は、坑道18側の面が平坦面21となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となる。また、排水材11は、二次覆工のための充填材層に覆われる場合、帯体13の坑道18側の面に固定した不織布により充填材層との固定強度が高まる。
In this drainage material 11, it can affix locally on the location with especially much spring water of a primary lining inner surface. Since there is no need for extra laying, there is no reduction in material cost and workability due to kinking. Moreover, the drainage material 11 can drain the spring water from the natural mountain side to the side bottom 17 by having the water flow space 27 on the natural mountain side.
Further, since the drainage material 11 has a flat surface 21 on the side of the mine shaft 18, the waterproof sheet construction surface covering the surface can be smoothed. Moreover, when the drainage material 11 is covered with the filler layer for secondary lining, the fixing strength with the filler layer is increased by the nonwoven fabric fixed on the surface of the belt 13 on the side of the tunnel 18.

本発明の請求項3記載の排水材11は、熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体13のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間27となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部15から側底部17までの長さを有する通水空間形成材23と、
通水性を有して、前記凸部の突出先端に固定され、前記通水空間27を覆うフィルター材29と、
前記通水空間形成材23の坑道18側の面を覆って前記坑道18側の面に固定される不織布と、
を具備することを特徴とする。
According to claim 3 of the present invention, the drainage material 11 is formed of a thermoplastic resin and has flexibility and water-blocking property, and the flat surface 13 of the front and back surfaces of the drainage material 11 passes through the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel excavation tunnel. A plurality of convex portions to be the water space 27 are integrally formed, and the water flow space forming member 23 having a longitudinal direction having a length from at least the ceiling portion 15 to the side bottom portion 17 of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A filter material 29 having water permeability, fixed to the protruding tip of the convex portion, and covering the water flow space 27;
A non-woven fabric covering the surface of the water passage space forming material 23 on the side of the mine shaft 18 and fixed to the surface on the side of the mine shaft 18;
It is characterized by comprising.

この排水材11では、帯状に形成されるので、一次覆工内面の特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。また、排水材11は、通水空間形成材23の地山側に通水空間27が配置される。この通水空間27は、フィルター材29によって覆われる。一次覆工内面から流入する遊離石灰は、フィルター材29によって補足され、通水空間27への侵入が抑制される。これにより、通水空間27は、長期間に渡り目詰まりが抑制される。
また、排水材11は、坑道18側の面が平坦面21となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となる。また、排水材11は、二次覆工のための充填材層に覆われる場合、帯体13の坑道18側の面に固定した不織布により充填材層との固定強度が高まる。
Since the drainage material 11 is formed in a belt shape, it can be locally attached to a portion of the primary lining inner surface where there is a particularly large amount of spring water. Since there is no need for extra laying, there is no reduction in material cost and workability due to kinking. Further, the drainage material 11 has a water flow space 27 disposed on the natural mountain side of the water flow space forming material 23. The water flow space 27 is covered with a filter material 29. Free lime flowing from the inner surface of the primary lining is supplemented by the filter material 29, and entry into the water flow space 27 is suppressed. Thereby, clogging of the water flow space 27 is suppressed over a long period of time.
Further, since the drainage material 11 has a flat surface 21 on the side of the mine shaft 18, the waterproof sheet construction surface covering the surface can be smoothed. Moreover, when the drainage material 11 is covered with the filler layer for secondary lining, the fixing strength with the filler layer is increased by the nonwoven fabric fixed on the surface of the belt 13 on the side of the tunnel 18.

本発明の請求項4記載のトンネル19の排水構造は、請求項1,2,3のいずれか1つに記載の排水材11を有するトンネル19の排水構造であって、
トンネル19の地山表面から一次覆工、充填材層、遮水シート33及び二次覆工が順次設けられ、
前記一次覆工内面に前記通水空間27を対向させた前記排水材11が、前記トンネル19の少なくとも天井部15から側底部17までの周方向に沿って前記充填材層に埋入されたことを特徴とする。
The drainage structure of the tunnel 19 according to claim 4 of the present invention is a drainage structure of the tunnel 19 having the drainage material 11 according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3,
A primary lining, a filler layer, a water shielding sheet 33 and a secondary lining are sequentially provided from the natural ground surface of the tunnel 19,
The drainage material 11 with the water flow space 27 facing the inner surface of the primary lining is embedded in the filler layer along the circumferential direction from at least the ceiling 15 to the side bottom 17 of the tunnel 19. It is characterized by.

このトンネル19の排水構造では、地山側にフィルター材29を貼りつけることにより通水空間27を保護した排水材11を用いることで、より排水機能が高いトンネル19を構築できる。排水材11は、必要以上に湧水が多く、防水シートの施工ができない場合の局所的な導水材として利用が可能となる。排水材11を用いた排水構造によれば、湧水量が多い場所であっても、防水シートを施工する前に、地山表面の全面にシート状排水材を施工しておく必要がなく工事の手間を省くことができる。   In this drainage structure of the tunnel 19, the tunnel 19 having a higher drainage function can be constructed by using the drainage material 11 that protects the water flow space 27 by sticking the filter material 29 to the natural mountain side. The drainage material 11 can be used as a local water-conducting material when there is more spring than necessary and the waterproof sheet cannot be constructed. According to the drainage structure using the drainage material 11, it is not necessary to construct the sheet drainage material on the entire surface of the natural ground before constructing the waterproof sheet, even in a place with a large amount of spring water. Save time and effort.

本発明に係る請求項1記載の排水材によれば、地山側からの湧水を確実に排水でき、また、帯状に形成されるので、一次覆工内面の特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。また、余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。
また、排水材は、通水空間形成材の地山側に通水空間が配置され、且つフィルター材によって覆われるので、一次覆工内面から流入する遊離石灰は、フィルター材によって補足されることとなり、通水空間への侵入を抑制することができる。これにより、通水空間は、長期間に渡り目詰まりが抑制され、良好な排水が維持できる。また、排水材は、坑道側の面が平坦面となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となり、このことから施工のための作業時間を短縮させることができる。
According to the drainage material of the first aspect of the present invention, the spring water from the natural mountain side can be drained reliably, and since it is formed in a belt shape, it is locally applied to a portion of the primary lining inner surface where there is particularly much spring water. Can be attached. In addition, since there is no need for extra laying, there is no reduction in material cost and workability due to kinking.
In addition, since the drainage material has a water flow space on the ground mountain side of the water flow space forming material and is covered with the filter material, free lime flowing from the inner surface of the primary lining will be supplemented by the filter material, Intrusion into the water flow space can be suppressed. Thereby, clogging is suppressed over a long period of time in the water flow space, and good drainage can be maintained. Further, since the drainage material has a flat surface on the mine shaft side, it is possible to smooth the construction surface of the waterproof sheet that covers the surface, and from this, the working time for construction can be shortened.

本発明に係る請求項2記載の排水材によれば、通水空間が確保でき、地山側からの湧水を側底部へ確実に排水できるとともに、不織布により二次覆工のための充填材層との接着性を高めることができる。   According to the drainage material of the second aspect of the present invention, a water flow space can be secured, the spring water from the natural mountain side can be drained reliably to the side bottom, and the filler layer for secondary lining by the nonwoven fabric Adhesiveness can be improved.

本発明に係る請求項3記載の排水材によれば、地山側からの湧水を確実に排水でき、また、帯状に形成されるので、一次覆工内面の特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。また、余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。
また、排水材は、通水空間形成材の地山側に通水空間が配置され、且つフィルター材によって覆われるので、一次覆工内面から流入する遊離石灰は、フィルター材によって補足されることとなり、通水空間への侵入を抑制することができる。これにより、通水空間は、長期間に渡り目詰まりが抑制され、良好な排水が維持できる。また、排水材は、坑道側の面が平坦面となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となり、このことから施工のための作業時間を短縮させることができる。
さらに、排水材は、二次覆工のための充填材層に覆われる場合に、帯体の坑道側の面に固定した不織布により充填材層との接着性が高まり、固定強度を高めることができる。
According to the drainage material of the third aspect of the present invention, the spring water from the natural mountain side can be drained reliably, and since it is formed in a strip shape, it is locally applied to a portion of the primary lining inner surface where there is particularly much spring water. Can be attached. In addition, since there is no need for extra laying, there is no reduction in material cost and workability due to kinking.
In addition, since the drainage material has a water flow space on the ground mountain side of the water flow space forming material and is covered with the filter material, free lime flowing from the inner surface of the primary lining will be supplemented by the filter material, Intrusion into the water flow space can be suppressed. Thereby, clogging is suppressed over a long period of time in the water flow space, and good drainage can be maintained. Further, since the drainage material has a flat surface on the mine shaft side, it is possible to smooth the construction surface of the waterproof sheet that covers the surface, and from this, the working time for construction can be shortened.
Furthermore, when the drainage material is covered with a filler layer for secondary lining, the non-woven fabric fixed on the surface of the beltway on the mine shaft side increases the adhesion to the filler layer and increases the fixing strength. it can.

本発明に係る請求項4記載のトンネルの排水構造によれば、通水空間を維持する排水材によって、排水機能を確実に且つ長期に確保できるとともに、二次覆工の施工品質を向上でき、しかも、排水材が局所対応可能な帯状に形成されているので、安価にトンネルを構築できる。   According to the drainage structure of the tunnel according to claim 4 according to the present invention, the drainage material that maintains the water flow space can ensure the drainage function reliably and in the long term, and can improve the construction quality of the secondary lining, Moreover, since the drainage material is formed in a belt shape that can be locally applied, a tunnel can be constructed at low cost.

本発明の実施形態に係る排水材を備えたトンネルの概略斜視図である。It is a schematic perspective view of the tunnel provided with the drainage material which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図1に示した排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material shown in FIG. 図1に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。It is the perspective view which notched a part of drainage material shown in FIG. 地山側と止水シートとの間に設けられた排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material provided between the natural ground side and the water stop sheet. フィルター材の幅方向の両端縁が固定されない変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material which concerns on the modification which the both ends edge of the width direction of a filter material is not fixed. 突条が不連続の変形例に係る排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。It is the perspective view which notched a part of drainage material which concerns on the modification with a discontinuous protrusion. 凸部が複数の半球状の突起からなる変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the waste_water | drain_material which concerns on the modification which a convex part consists of several hemispherical protrusion. 図7に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。It is the perspective view which notched a part of drainage material shown in FIG. 突起の先端に凹部が形成された変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material which concerns on the modification with which the recessed part was formed in the front-end | tip of protrusion. 図9に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。It is the perspective view which notched a part of drainage material shown in FIG.

以下、本発明に係る実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。
図1は本発明の実施形態に係る排水材を備えたトンネルの概略斜視図である。
本実施形態に係る排水材11は、帯体13を有する。帯体13は、長手方向がトンネル掘穿坑道の周方向における少なくとも天井部15から側底部17までの長さを有する。帯体13は、上記の倍の長さ、すなわち、トンネル掘穿坑道の内周の長さを有するものであっても勿論よい。また、天井部15から側底部17近傍までの任意の位置から側底部17までの長さを有するものとしてもよい。このようにして、帯体13を有する排水材11は、例えばトンネル掘穿坑の内周を全長として地山側に貼設されたものが、トンネル19の延在方向に間隔を有して配設される。
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a tunnel provided with a drainage material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The drainage material 11 according to the present embodiment has a band 13. The band 13 has a length in the longitudinal direction from at least the ceiling 15 to the side bottom 17 in the circumferential direction of the tunnel digging tunnel. Of course, the belt 13 may have a length twice as long as that described above, that is, a length of the inner circumference of the tunnel digging tunnel. Moreover, it is good also as what has the length from the arbitrary positions from the ceiling part 15 to the side bottom part 17 vicinity to the side bottom part 17. FIG. Thus, as for the drainage material 11 which has the belt | band | zone body 13, what was affixed on the natural ground side as the full length of the inner periphery of a tunnel excavation, for example is arrange | positioned at intervals in the extension direction of the tunnel 19 Is done.

図2は図1に示した排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図、図3は図1に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。
帯体13は、熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する。帯体13は、表裏が平坦面21である一方、トンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、複数の凸部が一体に形成される。つまり、帯体13を構成要素に持った通水空間形成材23は、トンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面が凸部により凹凸面となる。本実施形態において、凸部は、突条25となる。突条25は、帯体13の長手方向に沿って延在し、長手方向に直交する方向(帯幅方向)に複数のものが平行に形成される。突条25は、延在方向に直交する断面形状が例えば三角形に形成される。突条25は、断面三角形で形成されることにより、高い圧縮強度を有し、耐久性が高められている。なお、この突条25の断面形状は、その他の形状、例えば矩形や台形、或いはリブ状に形成されても良い。通水空間形成材23は、突条25の相互間が通水空間27となる。従って、トンネル掘穿坑道の天井部15から排水材11に流下した水は、突条25同士の間の通水空間27に導かれて側底部17へと排水される。つまり、通水空間形成材23は、樋としての作用を有する。
2 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the drainage material shown in FIG.
The band 13 is made of a thermoplastic resin and has flexibility and water shielding. The band 13 has a flat surface 21 on the front and back, and a plurality of convex portions are integrally formed on a surface facing the natural ground side of the tunnel boring shaft. That is, in the water flow space forming member 23 having the band 13 as a constituent element, the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel digging tunnel becomes an uneven surface due to the convex portion. In the present embodiment, the convex portion is the ridge 25. The protrusions 25 extend along the longitudinal direction of the band body 13, and a plurality of protrusions 25 are formed in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (band width direction). The protrusion 25 has a cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the extending direction, for example, a triangle. The protrusion 25 is formed with a triangular cross section, thereby having high compressive strength and enhanced durability. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of this protrusion 25 may be formed in other shapes, for example, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a rib shape. In the water flow space forming member 23, the space between the protrusions 25 is a water flow space 27. Therefore, the water that has flowed down from the ceiling portion 15 of the tunnel borehole to the drainage material 11 is guided to the water passing space 27 between the ridges 25 and drained to the side bottom portion 17. That is, the water flow space forming member 23 has a function as a ridge.

なお、帯体13の幅は、50〜300mmが好適となる。突条25の高さは1〜30mmが好適となる。通水空間形成材23は、通水部分の帯体に対する面積割合を20〜80%が好ましい、また、通水空間形成材23は、通水部分の全体幅に対する割合を5〜80%が好ましい。   The width of the band 13 is preferably 50 to 300 mm. The height of the ridge 25 is preferably 1 to 30 mm. The water flow space forming member 23 preferably has an area ratio of 20 to 80% with respect to the band of the water flow portion, and the water flow space forming member 23 preferably has a ratio to the entire width of the water flow portion of 5 to 80%. .

通水空間形成材23は、突条25の先端に、フィルター材29が固定される。フィルター材29と通水空間形成材23との固定は、溶着や接着等によって行われる。フィルター材29は、通水性を有し、通水空間27を覆う。
フィルター材29は、帯体13と略同一の略帯形状に形成され、帯体13の地山側に対向する面の全域を覆う。本実施形態において、フィルター材29は、帯幅方向の両端縁が、帯体13の両端縁に溶着または接着により固定される。この固定部は、重ね合わせ縁部31となる。通水空間形成材23にフィルター材29を固定した排水材11は、この重ね合わせ縁部31に坑道18側から釘打ちされて地山側に固定される。
In the water flow space forming material 23, the filter material 29 is fixed to the tip of the protrusion 25. The filter material 29 and the water flow space forming material 23 are fixed by welding or adhesion. The filter material 29 has water permeability and covers the water flow space 27.
The filter material 29 is formed in substantially the same band shape as the band 13 and covers the entire surface of the band 13 facing the ground mountain side. In the present embodiment, the filter material 29 is fixed at both ends in the band width direction to both ends of the band 13 by welding or adhesion. This fixing portion becomes the overlapping edge portion 31. The drainage material 11 having the filter material 29 fixed to the water flow space forming material 23 is nailed from the mine shaft 18 side to the overlapping edge portion 31 and fixed to the natural ground side.

フィルター材29は、水を通すが、地山側である一次覆工内面から流れ出る遊離石灰等を効果的に補足する。フィルター材29としては、例えば多孔質材を用いることができる。また、フィルター材29には、いわゆる麺塊構造を有する線材集合体を用いることができる。線材集合体を構成する線材の材質は、植物繊維、ガラス繊維、合成繊維、金属等を用いることができる。また、フィルター材29は、ウレタンスポンジ等の連続気泡のスポンジ等であってもよい。   The filter material 29 allows water to pass through, but effectively supplements free lime and the like flowing out from the primary lining inner surface on the natural ground side. For example, a porous material can be used as the filter material 29. The filter material 29 may be a wire aggregate having a so-called noodle block structure. Plant fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, metals, and the like can be used as the material of the wires constituting the wire aggregate. The filter material 29 may be an open-cell sponge such as urethane sponge.

さらに、フィルター材29は、不織布の使用を排除するものではない。不織布は、例えばポリエステル、ポリアマイド、ポリプロピレン等の有機合成繊維フィラメントを堆積させて得る。不織布は、いわゆるスパンボンド法により多数個のオリフィスを有する紡糸ノズルからスダレ状に紡糸された多数本のフィラメントをエアージェット等で索引細化延伸し、下方に吹きつけ、このフィラメントを下方で水平移動する金網コンベアーの面上に所定の目付で堆積させてウエップとして得ることができる。但し、この場合、不織布は、遊離石灰の補足性を高めるために、目付が、20〜150g/m2 の範囲であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは、30〜80g/m2 の範囲であることが好ましい。不織布の目付が20g/m2 より小さいと、遊離石灰が浸み込みやすくなり、目付が150g/m2 より大きいと、通水空間27への透水性が低下する。   Furthermore, the filter material 29 does not exclude the use of non-woven fabric. The nonwoven fabric is obtained by depositing organic synthetic fiber filaments such as polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene. Non-woven fabrics are spun-bonded from a spinning nozzle having a large number of orifices by the so-called spunbond method, and a large number of filaments are indexed and stretched with an air jet or the like, blown downward, and the filaments moved horizontally downward. It can be deposited on the surface of the wire mesh conveyor with a predetermined basis weight to obtain a web. However, in this case, the nonwoven fabric preferably has a basis weight in the range of 20 to 150 g / m <2>, more preferably in the range of 30 to 80 g / m <2>, in order to enhance the free lime supplementation. . When the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is less than 20 g / m @ 2, free lime is likely to permeate, and when the basis weight is greater than 150 g / m @ 2, the water permeability to the water flow space 27 is lowered.

図4は地山側と止水シートとの間に設けられた排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
本実施形態に係るトンネル19の排水構造は、トンネル19の地山表面から一次覆工、充填材層、遮水シート33及び二次覆工が順次設けられる。ロックボルト・吹付けコンクリートトンネル工法、いわゆるNATM工法では、ロックボルトを介して地山に吹付け施工した一次覆工と、トンネル19の内周面となる二次覆工との間に、遮水シート33を介在させる。これにより、一次覆工側からの湧水等が二次覆工側に漏れ出ることを防止する。
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material provided between the natural ground side and the waterproof sheet.
In the drainage structure of the tunnel 19 according to this embodiment, a primary lining, a filler layer, a water shielding sheet 33 and a secondary lining are sequentially provided from the ground surface of the tunnel 19. In the rock bolt / sprayed concrete tunnel method, the so-called NATM method, there is a water shielding between the primary lining sprayed to the natural ground via the lock bolt and the secondary lining on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel 19. A sheet 33 is interposed. This prevents spring water from the primary lining side from leaking to the secondary lining side.

排水材11は、一次覆工内面に通水空間27を対向させて、トンネル19の周方向の少なくとも一部、天井部15から側底部17に沿って、重ね合わせ縁部31が釘35等によって固定して取り付け施工される。図例では、排水材11の坑道18側に遮水シート33が貼られる。遮水シート33の坑道18側は、二次覆工が施工される。この場合、排水材11は、遮水シート33を介在して二次覆工の充填材層に埋入される。   The drainage material 11 has a water passing space 27 facing the inner surface of the primary lining, and the overlapping edge 31 is formed by a nail 35 or the like along at least a part of the tunnel 19 in the circumferential direction from the ceiling 15 to the side bottom 17. Fixed and installed. In the illustrated example, a water shielding sheet 33 is pasted on the mine shaft 18 side of the drainage material 11. Secondary lining is performed on the side of the mine shaft 18 of the water shielding sheet 33. In this case, the drainage material 11 is embedded in the filler layer of the secondary lining through the water shielding sheet 33.

次に、上記した構成の作用を説明する。
本実施形態に係る排水材11では、帯状に形成されるので、地山側となる一次覆工内面、特に湧水の多い箇所に局所的に貼設することができる。一次覆工内面の前面に敷設する必要はなく、余分敷設の必要がないので、材料コストの低減、よじれ等の発生による施工性の低下が生じない。また、排水材11は、通水空間形成材23の地山側に通水空間27が配置される。この通水空間27は、フィルター材29によって覆われる。一次覆工内面から流入する遊離石灰等、エフロレッセンスの原因となる石灰分等は、フィルター材29によって補足され、通水空間27への侵入が抑制される。また、フィルター材29の帯幅方向の両端縁と帯体13の両端縁とを溶着または接着により固定した重ね合わせ縁部31とすることにより、両端縁方向から石灰分等が進入することを抑制することができる。これにより、通水空間27は、長期間に渡り目詰まりが抑制され、排水機能が維持される。また、排水材11は、坑道18側の面が平坦面21となるので、その上を覆う防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となる。
Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described.
Since the drainage material 11 according to the present embodiment is formed in a belt shape, it can be locally attached to the inner surface of the primary lining on the natural ground side, in particular, at a location with a lot of spring water. There is no need to lay the front surface of the inner surface of the primary lining, and there is no need for extra laying, so there is no reduction in material costs and no deterioration in workability due to the occurrence of kinking or the like. Further, the drainage material 11 has a water flow space 27 disposed on the natural mountain side of the water flow space forming material 23. The water flow space 27 is covered with a filter material 29. Lime that causes efflorescence, such as free lime flowing from the inner surface of the primary lining, is supplemented by the filter material 29, and entry into the water flow space 27 is suppressed. Further, by using the overlapping edge portion 31 in which both end edges in the band width direction of the filter material 29 and both end edges of the band body 13 are fixed by welding or adhesion, it is possible to prevent lime from entering from the both end edge directions. can do. Thereby, the water flow space 27 is prevented from being clogged for a long period of time, and the drainage function is maintained. Further, since the drainage material 11 has a flat surface 21 on the side of the mine shaft 18, the waterproof sheet construction surface covering the surface can be smoothed.

また、本実施形態に係るトンネル19の排水構造では、地山側にフィルター材29を貼りつけることにより通水空間27を保護した排水材11を用いることで、より排水機能が高いトンネル19を構築できる。排水材11は、山岳トンネルの現場等の特に湧水が多く、防水シートの施工が容易でない場合の局所的な導水材として利用が可能となる。排水材11を用いた排水構造では、湧水量が多い場所であっても、防水シートを施工する前に、地山表面の全面にシート状排水材を施工しておく必要がなくなる。これにより、工事の手間を省くことができる。   In the drainage structure of the tunnel 19 according to the present embodiment, the tunnel 19 having a higher drainage function can be constructed by using the drainage material 11 that protects the water flow space 27 by sticking the filter material 29 to the natural mountain side. . The drainage material 11 can be used as a local water-conducting material when there is a lot of spring water especially at the site of a mountain tunnel or the like, and the construction of the waterproof sheet is not easy. In the drainage structure using the drainage material 11, it is not necessary to construct a sheet-like drainage material on the entire surface of the natural ground before constructing the waterproof sheet even in a place where the amount of spring water is large. Thereby, the labor of construction can be saved.

次に、上記構成の変形例を説明する。
上記構成の排水材11は、フィルター材29を省略し、通水空間形成材23の坑道18側の面を覆って、不織布が固定されてもよい。
この排水材11では、二次覆工のための充填材層に覆われる場合、帯体13の坑道18側の面に固定した不織布により充填材層との固定強度が高まる。つまり、不織布がアンカー効果を有することになる。その結果、充填材層との接着性を高めることができる。
Next, a modified example of the above configuration will be described.
In the drainage material 11 having the above-described configuration, the non-woven fabric may be fixed by omitting the filter material 29 and covering the surface of the water flow space forming material 23 on the mine shaft 18 side.
In this drainage material 11, when covered with a filler layer for secondary lining, the fixing strength with the filler layer is increased by the nonwoven fabric fixed on the surface of the belt 13 on the side of the tunnel 18. That is, the nonwoven fabric has an anchor effect. As a result, the adhesiveness with the filler layer can be enhanced.

また、上記構成の排水材11は、通水空間形成材23と、フィルター材29と、通水空間形成材23の坑道18側の面に固定される不織布と、を備えるものであってもよい。
この排水材11では、長期間に渡り通水空間27の目詰まりが抑制され排水機能が維持される。また、防水シート施工面の平滑化が可能となる。また、不織布により充填材層との固定強度が高まる。その結果、地山側からの湧水を確実に排水でき、防水シート施工面を平滑化できるとともに、作業時間を短縮でき、しかも、充填材層との接着性を高めることができる。
Moreover, the drainage material 11 having the above-described configuration may include the water flow space forming material 23, the filter material 29, and the nonwoven fabric fixed to the surface of the water flow space forming material 23 on the mine shaft 18 side. .
In this drainage material 11, clogging of the water flow space 27 is suppressed over a long period of time, and the drainage function is maintained. Further, the waterproof sheet construction surface can be smoothed. In addition, the non-woven fabric increases the fixing strength with the filler layer. As a result, the spring water from the natural mountain side can be drained reliably, the waterproof sheet construction surface can be smoothed, the working time can be shortened, and the adhesion to the filler layer can be enhanced.

図5はフィルター材の幅方向の両端縁が固定されない変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
排水材37は、上述した実施形態のように帯体13とフィルター材29との各両端縁を固定せず、フィルター材29の両側縁を、帯体13に固定しなくてもよい。すなわち、排水材37は、重ね合わせ縁部31が形成されていない。
この排水材37によれば、溶着や接着の手間を省いて安価に製造できる。また、この排水材37を幅方向に連ねて広幅に構成させる際の接着代を両端縁に形成できる。
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material according to a modification in which both end edges in the width direction of the filter material are not fixed.
The drainage material 37 does not need to fix the both end edges of the band 13 and the filter material 29 as in the above-described embodiment, and does not fix the both side edges of the filter material 29 to the band 13. That is, the drainage material 37 is not formed with the overlapping edge 31.
According to the drainage material 37, it is possible to manufacture at low cost without the need for welding and bonding. Moreover, the margin for bonding the drainage material 37 in the width direction can be formed at both end edges.

図6は突条が不連続の変形例に係る排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。
また、排水材39は、突条25が連続して形成されなくてもよい。
この排水材39によれば、帯幅方向の通水も可能となり、より目詰まりを生じにくくすることができる。また、排水材39は、地山表面の曲面に沿わして湾曲しやすくでき、施工性を向上させることができる。
FIG. 6 is a perspective view in which a part of the drainage material according to a modification in which the protrusions are discontinuous is cut out.
Further, the drainage material 39 may not be formed with the ridges 25 continuously.
According to the drainage material 39, water can be passed in the width direction, and clogging can be further prevented. Moreover, the drainage material 39 can be easily bent along the curved surface of the natural ground surface, and can improve workability.

図7は凸部が複数の半球状の突起からなる変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図、図8は図7に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。
また、排水材41は、凸部を半球状突起43として形成し、この半球状突起43をマトリクス状に配置してもよい。
この排水材41によれば、突条25に比べ、凸部の圧縮強度を高くすることができる。これにより、例えば打設コンクリートの圧力等による通水空間27の潰れを防止することができる。
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material according to a modification example in which the convex portion is composed of a plurality of hemispherical projections, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view in which a part of the drainage material shown in FIG. is there.
Moreover, the drainage material 41 may form a convex part as the hemispherical protrusion 43, and may arrange | position this hemispherical protrusion 43 in matrix form.
According to the drainage material 41, the compressive strength of the convex portion can be increased as compared with the protrusion 25. Thereby, crushing of the water flow space 27 due to, for example, the pressure of the cast concrete can be prevented.

図9は突起の先端に凹部が形成された変形例に係る排水材の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図、図10は図9に示した排水材の一部分を切り欠いた斜視図である。
また、排水材45は、半球状突起47の先端に、凹部49を形成することができる。フィルター材29は、この凹部49に溶着または接着される。
この排水材45によれば、フィルター材29と半球状突起47の先端との接合面積を大きくすることができ、フィルター材29と通水空間形成材23との固定強度を大きくすることができる。また、全ての半球状突起47に凹部49を形成することにより、この半球状突起47と一体の帯体13を製造する際の原材料を減らして材料費を低減することができる。
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a drainage material according to a modification in which a recess is formed at the tip of the protrusion, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view in which a part of the drainage material shown in FIG.
Further, the drainage material 45 can form a recess 49 at the tip of the hemispherical protrusion 47. The filter material 29 is welded or bonded to the recess 49.
According to the drainage material 45, the bonding area between the filter material 29 and the tip of the hemispherical protrusion 47 can be increased, and the fixing strength between the filter material 29 and the water flow space forming material 23 can be increased. In addition, by forming the concave portions 49 in all the hemispherical protrusions 47, the raw material for manufacturing the band 13 integrated with the hemispherical protrusions 47 can be reduced, and the material cost can be reduced.

さらに、排水材は、通水空間形成材として、上述したように、断面三角形の突条25や半球状突起43,45のような帯体13と一体成形されているものでなくてもよく、帯体13とフィルター材29との間で通水空間27を構成できるものが挟持状態で固定されていれば良く、例えば、線材を突条とし、帯体13の長手方向に沿って複数並列して固定して通水空間27を構成させるものや、或いは上記したフィルター材29と同様の構成である多孔質材や麺塊構造を有する線状集合体などの通水性が良好で、且つ圧縮強度、耐久性を有する素材を接着等の固定手段で一体化させるものとしてもよい。   Furthermore, as described above, the drainage material may not be integrally formed with the band 13 such as the protrusion 25 having a triangular cross section and the hemispherical protrusions 43 and 45 as a water flow space forming material. What can constitute the water flow space 27 between the band 13 and the filter material 29 only needs to be fixed in a sandwiched state. For example, a wire rod is used as a protrusion and a plurality of lines are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the band 13. The water passage space 27 is fixed and the water passage space 27, or the porous material having the same structure as the above-described filter material 29 or the linear aggregate having a noodle block structure, has good water permeability and has a compressive strength. The durable material may be integrated by a fixing means such as adhesion.

従って、本実施形態に係る排水材11,37,39,41によれば、地山側からの湧水を確実に排水でき、防水シート施工面を平滑化でき、作業時間を短縮できる。   Therefore, according to the drainage materials 11, 37, 39, and 41 according to the present embodiment, the spring water from the natural mountain side can be surely drained, the waterproof sheet construction surface can be smoothed, and the working time can be shortened.

本実施形態に係るトンネル19の排水構造によれば、通水空間を確実に且つ長期に確保できるとともに、二次覆工の施工品質を向上でき、しかも、排水材11が局所対応可能な帯状に形成されているので、排水機能の高いトンネル19を安価に構築できる。   According to the drainage structure of the tunnel 19 according to the present embodiment, a water passage space can be ensured for a long period of time, the construction quality of the secondary lining can be improved, and the drainage material 11 can be locally adapted. Since it is formed, the tunnel 19 having a high drainage function can be constructed at low cost.

11…排水材
13…帯体
15…天井部
17…側底部
18…坑道
19…トンネル
23…通水空間形成材
25…凸部(突条)
27…通水空間
29…フィルター材
33…遮水シート
43…凸部(半球状突起)
47…凸部(凹部付き半球状突起)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Drainage material 13 ... Band 15 ... Ceiling part 17 ... Side bottom part 18 ... Tunnel 19 ... Tunnel 23 ... Water flow space formation material 25 ... Convex part (ridge)
27 ... Water passage space 29 ... Filter material 33 ... Water shielding sheet 43 ... Protrusion (hemispherical protrusion)
47 ... Convex part (semispherical projection with concave part)

Claims (4)

熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部から側底部までの長さを有する通水空間形成材と、
通水性を有して、前記凸部の突出先端に固定され、前記通水空間を覆うフィルター材と、
を具備することを特徴とする排水材。
A plurality of convex portions that are water-permeable spaces are integrally formed on the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel digging tunnel of the front and back flat strips made of thermoplastic resin and having flexibility and water shielding, A water-passing space forming material having a length from at least a ceiling portion to a side bottom portion of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A filter material that has water permeability, is fixed to the protruding tip of the convex portion, and covers the water flow space;
A drainage material characterized by comprising:
熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部から側底部までの長さを有する通水空間形成材と、
前記通水空間形成材の坑道側の面を覆って前記坑道側の面に固定される不織布と、
を具備することを特徴とする排水材。
A plurality of convex portions that are water-permeable spaces are integrally formed on the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel digging tunnel of the front and back flat strips made of thermoplastic resin and having flexibility and water shielding, A water-passing space forming material having a length from at least a ceiling portion to a side bottom portion of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A non-woven fabric that covers the surface on the mine shaft side of the water flow space forming material and is fixed to the surface on the mine shaft side;
A drainage material characterized by comprising:
熱可塑性樹脂からなり可撓性及び遮水性を有する表裏平坦な帯体のトンネル掘穿坑道の地山側に対向する面に、相互間が通水空間となる複数の凸部が一体に形成され、長手方向が前記トンネル掘穿坑道の少なくとも天井部から側底部までの長さを有する通水空間形成材と、
通水性を有して、前記凸部の突出先端に固定され、前記通水空間を覆うフィルター材と、
前記通水空間形成材の坑道側の面を覆って前記坑道側の面に固定される不織布と、
を具備することを特徴とする排水材。
A plurality of convex portions that are water-permeable spaces are integrally formed on the surface facing the natural mountain side of the tunnel digging tunnel of the front and back flat strips made of thermoplastic resin and having flexibility and water shielding, A water-passing space forming material having a length from at least a ceiling portion to a side bottom portion of the tunnel digging tunnel,
A filter material that has water permeability, is fixed to the protruding tip of the convex portion, and covers the water flow space;
A non-woven fabric that covers the surface on the mine shaft side of the water flow space forming material and is fixed to the surface on the mine shaft side;
A drainage material characterized by comprising:
請求項1,2,3のいずれか1つに記載の排水材を有するトンネルの排水構造であって、
トンネルの地山表面から一次覆工、充填材層、遮水シート及び二次覆工が順次設けられ、
前記一次覆工内面に前記通水空間を対向させた前記排水材が、前記トンネルの少なくとも天井部から側底部までの周方向に沿って前記充填材層に埋入されたことを特徴とするトンネルの排水構造。
A drainage structure of a tunnel having the drainage material according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3,
A primary lining, a filler layer, a water shielding sheet and a secondary lining are sequentially provided from the surface of the natural ground of the tunnel,
The tunnel characterized in that the drainage material with the water flow space facing the inner surface of the primary lining is embedded in the filler layer along a circumferential direction from at least a ceiling portion to a side bottom portion of the tunnel. Drainage structure.
JP2015221404A 2015-11-11 2015-11-11 Drainage material and drainage structure of tunnel Pending JP2017089261A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108442951A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-08-24 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 A kind of water guide sealing device for shield tunnel seam

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108442951A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-08-24 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 A kind of water guide sealing device for shield tunnel seam

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