JP2017081367A - Wiring harness device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a component cost and man-hours at the exchange of a wiring harness.SOLUTION: A wiring harness device for installing a wiring harness 1 by bridging it between a chassis 2 of a vehicle and a tiltable cab 3 comprises: a first chassis fixing part S1 for fixing the wiring harness to the chassis; a cab fixing part C for fixing the wiring harness to the cab; a first excess length part Y1 which is arranged at the wiring harness between the first fixing part and the cab fixing part; a second chassis fixing part S2 which is arranged apart from the first chassis fixing part with respect to the cab fixing part, and fixes the wiring harness to the chassis; a second excess length part Y2 which is arranged at the wiring harness between the first and second chassis fixing parts, and is suspended from the first chassis fixing part; a division part D arranged at the second excess length part lower than the first chassis fixing part; and a connector N arranged at the division part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a wire harness device for installing a wire harness in a vehicle.

  2. Description of the Related Art In a vehicle such as a cab-over type truck having a cab that can be tilted on a chassis, a wire harness device is known for installing a wire harness between a chassis and a cab. The wire harness device is generally provided in a chassis fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the chassis, a cab fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the cab, and a wire harness between the chassis fixing portion and the cab fixing portion. A surplus portion. In normal times when the cab is not tilted, the extra length is slack. When the cab is tilted, when the cab moves upward relative to the chassis, the slack surplus portion is deformed in the extending direction, thereby allowing the cab to move upward.

JP 2004-204894 A

  The wire harness includes connectors at both ends in the longitudinal direction, one end connector is connected to a connector provided on the cab side, and the other end connector is connected to a connector provided on the chassis side. The chassis side connector may be located at the rear end of the chassis. In this case, the wire harness has a long structure extending from the cab to the rear end of the chassis. On the other hand, the above-mentioned extra length part is partially provided at a position near the cab.

  The extra length portion is deformed in the expansion and contraction direction by the tilt operation and the return operation of the cab. When these operations are repeated, the extra length may eventually break. At this time, it is necessary to replace the entire long wire harness, and an increase in the number of man-hours required for the replacement work is a problem together with the part cost.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wire harness device that can reduce the cost of parts and the number of work steps when replacing the wire harness.

According to one aspect of the invention,
In a vehicle including a cab capable of tilting on a chassis, a wire harness device for installing a wire harness between the chassis and the cab,
A first chassis fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the chassis;
A cab fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the cab;
Provided in the wire harness between the first chassis fixing portion and the cab fixing portion, allowing the cab to move upward relative to the chassis when the cab is tilted, and hung from the first chassis fixing portion. A first extra length part;
A second chassis fixing portion provided farther than the first chassis fixing portion with respect to the cab fixing portion, and fixing the wire harness to the chassis;
A second surplus part provided in the wire harness between the first chassis fixing part and the second chassis fixing part and suspended from the first chassis fixing part;
A split portion provided in the second surplus length portion at a position below the first chassis fixing portion;
A connector provided in the divided portion;
A wire harness device is provided.

  Preferably, the second surplus length portion has a winding shape.

  Preferably, the second extra length portion extends from the second chassis fixing portion to the cab fixing portion side and makes a U-turn while hanging down, and then rises again to make a U-turn to reach the first chassis fixing portion.

  Preferably, the division portion is provided at a lower end portion of the second extra length portion.

  Preferably, at a position below the first chassis fixing portion, a suspension bracket for supporting a suspension spring of the vehicle is provided on the chassis in a hanging shape, and the second extra length is provided on a side of the suspension bracket. The part is arranged.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the cost of parts and work man-hours when replacing a wire harness.

It is a left view of the wire harness apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the same top view. FIG. It is a left view which shows a wire harness apparatus notionally.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1: shows the left view of the wire harness apparatus which concerns on this embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows the same top view. FIG. 3 is a rear sectional view of the same, and FIG. 4 is a left side view conceptually showing the wire harness device. For convenience, the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom directions of the wire harness device of this embodiment are defined as shown in FIGS. These directions in the present embodiment coincide with the directions of the vehicle. However, other embodiments that do not match each direction of the vehicle are possible.

  First, before describing this embodiment in detail, the wire harness device of this embodiment will be conceptually described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the wire harness device A includes a first chassis fixing portion S1 for fixing the wire harness 1 to a chassis (not shown in FIG. 4) and a cab (not shown in FIG. 4). A cab fixing portion C for fixing to the chassis, and the wire harness 1 between the first chassis fixing portion S1 and the cab fixing portion C, and allows the cab to move upward relative to the chassis when the cab is tilted. A first extra length portion Y1 hanging down from the fixing portion S1 and a second chassis fixing portion that is provided farther than the first chassis fixing portion S1 with respect to the cab fixing portion C and fixes the wire harness 1 to the chassis. S2 and a second extra length Y2 provided in the wire harness 1 between the first chassis fixing part S1 and the second chassis fixing part S2 and suspended from the first chassis fixing part S1, and the first chassis fixed Than parts S1 includes a dividing unit D provided on the second elongated portion Y2 at the lower position, and a connector N provided in division section D. As is well known, the wire harness 1 has a structure in which a plurality of insulated wires are bundled with a tape such as vinyl or a tube.

  Next, this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The vehicle according to the present embodiment is a cab over type vehicle, particularly a cab over type truck, and includes a frame or chassis 2 and a body or cab 3 provided on the chassis 2 so as to be tiltable. The cab 3 is provided at the front end portion of the chassis 2 and can turn with respect to the chassis 2 around the turning center O, that is, can be tilted. The figure shows a normal state or a normal position where the cab 3 is not tilted. The cab 3 can turn about the turning center O from the normal position by an angle θ, and can move up to a tilt position indicated by 3 ′ (illustrated by an imaginary line). The state after the cab movement is called a tilt state. The operation of the cab 3 from the normal state to the tilt state is referred to as a tilt operation, and the operation of the cab 3 in the reverse direction is referred to as a return operation. In a normal state, the cab 3 is locked to the chassis 2 by a known cab lock mechanism.

  The chassis 2 has a ladder-type frame, and the ladder-type frame has a pair of left and right side rails and a plurality of cross members that connect the side rails. Since the chassis 2 is symmetrical, only the left side will be described below. Only the left side rail 4 is shown in the figure. The side rail 4 has a groove-shaped cross-sectional shape. A front bumper 5 is detachably attached to the front end portion of the side rail 4. 6 is a wheel (front left wheel), 7 is a suspension spring composed of a laminated leaf spring, and 8 is a shock absorber. At a position between the front bumper 5 and the wheel 6, the side rail 4 is provided with a suspension bracket 9 supporting the front end portion of the suspension spring 7 so as to protrude downward. Furthermore, an under protector bracket 10 protrudes downward from the suspension bracket 9 and is provided in a hanging shape. An under protector 12 is detachably attached to the under protector bracket 10 via a connecting bracket 11 extending forward. Adjacent to the upper side of the front bumper 5, the cab 3 is provided with a front panel 13 that can be opened and closed. In the present embodiment, the turning center O is located near the front end of the adjacent portion of the front bumper 5 and the front panel 13.

  1-3, the respective elements of the wire harness device A described above are shown with reference numerals. In the present embodiment, basically two wire harnesses 1, that is, a first harness 1 </ b> A and a second harness 1 </ b> B are provided, and these harnesses 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B are installed across the chassis 2 and the cab 3. It has become. Harnesses 1A and 1B generally extend in the front-rear direction in parallel with each other, and have a front-end connector at the front end in the longitudinal direction outside the figure. The cab 3 is provided with a mating connector to which the front end connector is connected. Here, the “cab” includes a member attached to or fixed to the cab. The counterpart connector is provided in, for example, another wire harness or an electric device. The front end connector is connected to the mating connector.

  The harnesses 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B are inserted into the through holes 21 provided in the side rails 4 from the outer side in the vehicle width direction to the inner side as going backward. Thereafter, the harnesses 1A and 1B extend rearward along the inner side of the side rail 4, and at least one of them extends to the side rail 4 or the rear end of the vehicle. The harnesses 1A and 1B are branched in the middle as necessary, and connected to the devices in the middle through connectors. At the rearmost end, the harnesses 1A and 1B are connected to a rear end device such as a tail lamp via a connector.

  In the front part from the through hole 21, the first harness 1A finally extends to the cab 3 while maintaining one state. On the other hand, the second harness 1 </ b> B is branched into two at the midway branch portion 22 and extends to the cab 3 in the two states. For easy understanding, one branch harness of the second harness 1B, that is, the first branch harness is represented by reference numeral “1B1”, and the other branch harness of the second harness 1B, that is, the second branch harness is represented by reference numeral “1B2”.

  In the cab fixing part C, the harnesses 1A, 1B1, 1B2 are arranged in parallel with each other and extend in the vertical direction. The cab fixing portion C includes a first holding member 23 that holds the first harness 1A and the first branch harness 1B1 together, a second holding member 24 that holds only the second branch harness 1B2, and the first holding member 23. And a bolt 25 for fixing the second holding member 24 to the cab 3. However, the fixing method of the wire harness 1 in the cab fixing part C is not limited to this.

  The first chassis fixing portion S1 is disposed at a position below and behind the cab fixing portion C. A harness support bracket 26 is attached to the side rail 4 with bolts 27 with respect to the first chassis fixing portion S1. As shown in FIG. 3, the harness support bracket 26 includes a board 28 that is fixed over the side rail 4, an upper plate 29 that extends substantially horizontally from the upper end of the board 28, and a left side that extends from the lower end of the board 28. And a lower plate 30 extending obliquely downward. The wire harness 1 is fixed to the chassis 2 using the upper plate 29 of the harness support bracket 26. That is, the first chassis fixing portion S1, like the cab fixing portion C, is a first holding member 31 that holds the first harness 1A and the first branch harness 1B1 together, and a second holding that holds only the second branch harness 1B2. A member 32 and a bolt 33 for fixing the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 to the top surface of the top end of the upper plate 29 are provided. In addition, the fixing method of the wire harness 1 in 1st chassis fixing | fixed part S1 is not restricted to this. The first chassis fixing portion S <b> 1 is located at a height position near the upper surface of the side rail 4.

  The first surplus length portion Y1 is sufficiently long so that the first surplus length portion Y1 is not excessively strained (slightly bent) even when the cab 3 is raised to the tilt position 3 ′, as indicated by a virtual line. Have In the first surplus length portion Y1, the harnesses 1A, 1B1, and 1B2 are suspended from the cab fixing portion C and the first chassis fixing portion S1 by their own weights while maintaining a parallel state, and are slackened in a U shape. As a result, the first chassis fixing portion S1 is disposed at a position above and behind the lower end 34 of the first extra length portion Y1. In order to prevent the harnesses 1A, 1B1, 1B2 from being excessively bent at the positions immediately before the holding members 31, 32, the upper plate 29 is inclined forward and obliquely downward so that the harnesses 1A, 1B1 and 1B2 are directed obliquely downward and forward. It has become.

  As shown in FIG. 1, when the cab 3 is moved upward to the tilt position 3 ′, the harnesses 1A, 1B1, and 1B2 are deformed from a contracted state that is slacked downward to a more tensioned extended state as indicated by a virtual line. . By providing such an extendable first extra length Y1, it is possible to allow the cab 3 to move upward relative to the chassis 2 when the cab 3 is tilted.

  The second chassis fixing portion S2 is provided farther from the cab fixing portion C than the first chassis fixing portion S1. In the present embodiment, the second chassis fixing portion S2 is provided behind the first chassis fixing portion S1 by a predetermined distance and at a lower position. The first harness 1 </ b> A and the second harness 1 </ b> B before branching are fixed to a substantially central portion of the left outer side surface portion of the side rail 4. The second chassis fixing portion S2 includes a U-shaped or U-shaped holding member 35 that holds the first and second harnesses 1A and 1B parallel in the vertical direction and extending in the front-rear direction, spaced apart from the side rail 4, and a holding member 35 is provided with a binding band 36 for fastening the first and second harnesses 1A and 1B to the side 35, and a bolt 37 for fixing the holding member 35 to the side rail 4. However, the fixing method of the wire harness 1 in the second chassis fixing portion S2 is not limited to this. The second chassis fixing portion S2 or the holding member 35 is disposed immediately before the through hole 21 and fixes the first and second harnesses 1A and 1B immediately after coming out from the inside of the side rail 4 toward the front. It is supposed to be.

  Between the first chassis fixing part S1 and the second chassis fixing part S2, a second extra length part Y2 is provided. As shown in FIG. 1, the second extra length Y2 has a significantly larger length than the linear distance between the first chassis fixing part S1 and the second chassis fixing part S2. The second extra length portion Y2 is suspended from the first chassis fixing portion S1. In the present embodiment, the second extra length portion Y2 has a winding shape. The second extra length portion Y2 extends from the second chassis fixing portion S2 to the cab fixing portion C side (front side) and hangs down to make a U-turn, and then rises again to make a U-turn to reach the first chassis fixing portion S1.

  The second surplus length portion Y2 at a position below the first chassis fixing portion S1 is provided with a split portion D that divides the second surplus length portion Y2, and the split portion D includes the split end portions. A connector N for connection is provided. In this embodiment, the division part D is provided in the lower end part of the 2nd extra length part Y2.

  More specifically, the first harness 1 </ b> A extends from the second chassis fixing portion S <b> 2 to the front substantially linearly for a predetermined length, and then makes a U-turn while drooping. The first harness 1A is divided at the lower end that is the end point of the U-turn, and the chassis-side connector 41A and the cab-side connector 42A that are connected to each other are attached to both divided ends. Thereafter, the cab-side first harness 1 </ b> A extending from the cab-side connector 42 </ b> A makes a U-turn again while rising and reaches the first chassis fixing portion S <b> 1.

  Similarly, the second harness 1B also makes a U-turn while drooping after extending a predetermined length from the second chassis fixing portion S2 substantially linearly toward the front. Near the U-turn start point, the aforementioned branching portion 22 is present, where the second harness 1B is bifurcated into a first branch harness 1B1 and a second branch harness 1B2. Then, 1st branch harness 1B1 and 2nd branch harness 1B2 are divided | segmented in the lower end part which is a U-turn end point. In each branch harness 1B1, 1B2, chassis side connectors 41B1, 41B2 are respectively attached to the chassis side split ends, and cab side connectors 42B1, 42B2 are respectively attached to the cab side split ends. Corresponding connectors are connected to each other. The cab-side branch harnesses 1B1 and 1B2 extending from the cab-side connectors 42B1 and 42B2 make a U-turn again while ascending and reach the first chassis fixing portion S1.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when viewed in a plan view, the first harness 1 </ b> A extends a predetermined length forward along the side rail 4 from the second chassis fixing portion S <b> 2 and then bends to the left (outside in the vehicle width direction). While making a U-turn, the connector N is reached. The first chassis fixing portion S1 is then bent from the connector N to the left outer side. The first branch harness 1B1 follows a similar route. On the other hand, the second branch harness 1 </ b> B <b> 2 reaches the first chassis fixing portion S <b> 1 while bending to the right (in the vehicle width direction) after the connector N. The connector N of the first harness 1A, the connector N of the first branch harness 1B1, and the connector N of the second branch harness 1B2 are arranged in order from the inner side to the outer side in the vehicle width direction. The harnesses 1A, 1B1, and 1B2 from the connector N toward the cab are gradually gathered to reach the first chassis fixing portion S1. Compared to the connectors N of the first harness 1A and the first branch harness 1B1, the connector N of the second branch harness 1B2 is greatly separated from the side rail 4 to the outside in the vehicle width direction.

  As described above, the second surplus length portion Y2 has a winding shape that makes substantially one turn in a side view as shown in FIG. The division part D and the connector N are provided in total of three according to the number of harnesses. The connector N includes a chassis side connector (including a reference numeral 41) and a cab side connector (including a reference numeral 42) that are connected to each other. Among these, the cab-side connector is fixed in parallel to the upper surface portion of the lower plate 30 of the harness support bracket 26 via a fixing member (not shown) (see FIG. 3). However, the chassis side connector may be fixed, and both the cab side connector and the chassis side connector may be fixed.

  In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, suspension brackets 9 are provided in a suspended manner on the side rails 4 at positions below the first chassis fixing portion S1. The second extra length Y2, the division D, and the connector N are disposed on the left side of the suspension bracket 9. A relatively large surplus space (space or gap) exists on the left side of the suspension bracket 9. This space is a space in front of the wheel 6 and behind the front bumper 5. Using this space, the second extra length Y2, and thus a plurality of connectors N attached thereto, are arranged.

  The first harness 1A and the second harness 1B (first branch harness 1B1, second branch harness 1B2) are positioned with respect to the chassis 2 (side rail 4) or the harness support bracket 26, or the harnesses are bound together. The positioning part I may be additionally provided. As shown in FIG. 3, the first and second harnesses 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B to which the chassis-side connector is attached are the space between the board 28 of the harness support bracket 26 and the connector N located on the innermost side in the vehicle width direction. Is arranged.

  Next, the function and effect of this embodiment will be described.

  In the comparative example before the idea of the present invention, the second extra length portion Y2, the division portion D, and the connector N as in the present embodiment are not provided, and the first chassis fixing portion as shown by a broken line in FIG. The wire harness 1 extended substantially linearly between S1 and the second chassis fixing portion S2 without being divided in the middle. On the other hand, as described above, when the cab tilting operation and the returning operation are repeated, the first surplus length portion Y1 is repeatedly deformed in the expansion and contraction direction, and the first surplus length portion Y1 is thereby disconnected. is there. Even in the normal state, the cab moves slightly (approximately several centimeters) relative to the chassis when the vehicle is running, and this also causes repeated deformation of the first extra length portion Y1 and thus disconnection.

  When disconnection occurs in this comparative example, it is necessary to remove and replace the long wire harness 1 extending from the cab to the rear end of the chassis as a whole. However, there is a problem that a large number of man-hours are required for the replacement work, in addition to the cost of the components.

  On the other hand, in the case of the present embodiment, since the split part D is provided in the second surplus length part Y2, and the connector N is provided in the split part D, the cab including the first surplus length part Y1 is separated. You only need to replace the side harness. Therefore, it is possible to partially replace the disconnection portion, and it is possible to greatly reduce the component cost and the work man-hour when the wire harness is replaced.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the second extra length portion Y2 is hung from the first chassis fixing portion S1. That is, the second surplus portion Y2 is disposed in the surplus space below the first chassis fixing portion S1 and behind the first surplus length portion Y1. Accordingly, the second extra length Y2 that is relatively long and tends to be bulky can be arranged compactly without interference with peripheral components.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the 2nd surplus length part Y2 is made into the winding shape, the comparatively long 2nd surplus length part Y2 can be arrange | positioned as a compact external shape.

  In the present embodiment, since the second surplus length portion Y2 is substantially rounded below the first chassis fixing portion S1 as described above, a compact outer shape of the second surplus length portion Y2 is secured, and the second The surplus portion Y2 can be efficiently arranged in a narrow surplus space. In addition, the second extra length Y2 can be smoothly brought to the first chassis fixing portion S1 with the shortest possible length and without being extremely tightly bent. Therefore, it is possible to greatly suppress disconnection of the second extra length portion Y2.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the division part D and the connector N are provided in the lower end part of the 2nd extra length part Y2. Thereby, the connector N can be arranged in a horizontal state as shown in FIG. 1, and it is possible to reliably suppress the connector N from being separated due to vibration or the like during traveling of the vehicle or an excessive load applied to the harness.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the second extra length portion Y2, and thus the divided portion D and the connector N are arranged on the side of the suspension bracket 9 located below the first chassis fixing portion S1. As described above, there is originally a large excess space on the side of the suspension bracket 9. Therefore, the second surplus length portion Y2, which tends to be bulky, can be arranged compactly without interference with peripheral components by effectively using this wide surplus space. In particular, interference with the front wheel 6 that is a steered wheel can be reliably suppressed.

  The above-described advantages are more effective when a plurality of wire harnesses 1 are present and / or the wire harness 1 is branched into a plurality of branches as in the present embodiment. That is, in this case, the number of connectors N increases, and a large space is required for arranging a plurality of connectors N. In this embodiment, the number of connectors N is three. However, depending on the vehicle, the number of connectors N may be enormous due to an increase in the number of wire harnesses 1 or an increase in the number of branches. Even in such a case, according to the present embodiment, the entire second surplus portion Y2 including the plurality of connectors N can be stopped in a compact outer shape, thereby improving the layout property to the vehicle and enhancing the versatility. Is possible.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, various other embodiments of the present invention are conceivable.

  (1) The number of original wire harnesses before branching and the number of branches are arbitrary. An embodiment as shown in FIG. 4 is possible with a minimum number of wire harnesses and no branching. An embodiment in which at least one of the number of wire harnesses and the number of branches is greater than the present embodiment is also possible. As described above, the larger the number is, the more advantageous the present invention is.

  (2) In a wire harness, providing a branch part is arbitrary, and if necessary, a junction part may be provided.

  (3) When making the 2nd extra length part into a winding shape, the frequency | count of the circumference | surroundings is arbitrary, for example, it is good also as a structure which makes 2 rounds or more. However, the second extra length portion does not necessarily have a winding shape, and the shape is arbitrary.

  (4) The division | segmentation part in a 2nd extra length part and the installation location of a connector are arbitrary. For example, in the case of the configuration in which the second surplus length part makes substantially one turn as in the present embodiment, the dividing part and the connector may be provided in the hanging part of the first half, or the dividing part and the connector may be provided in the rising part of the second half. Also good.

  (5) You may provide 2nd chassis fixing | fixed part S2 in the front (cab fixing | fixed part C side) position rather than this embodiment. For example, the second chassis is fixed near the position of the first positioning portion I from the through hole 21 toward the front, in other words, near the end of the straight line portion of the first and second harnesses 1A and 1B extending linearly from the through hole 21 to the front. Part S2 may be provided.

  The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes all modifications, applications, and equivalents included in the concept of the present invention defined by the claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited, and can be applied to any other technique belonging to the scope of the idea of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wire harness 2 Chassis 3 Cab 7 Suspension spring 9 Suspension bracket A Wire harness apparatus C Cab fixing part D Split part N Connector S1 1st chassis fixing part S2 2nd chassis fixing part Y1 1st surplus length part Y2 2nd surplus length part

Claims (5)

In a vehicle including a cab capable of tilting on a chassis, a wire harness device for installing a wire harness between the chassis and the cab,
A first chassis fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the chassis;
A cab fixing portion for fixing the wire harness to the cab;
Provided in the wire harness between the first chassis fixing portion and the cab fixing portion, allowing the cab to move upward relative to the chassis when the cab is tilted, and hung from the first chassis fixing portion. A first extra length part;
A second chassis fixing portion provided farther than the first chassis fixing portion with respect to the cab fixing portion, and fixing the wire harness to the chassis;
A second surplus part provided in the wire harness between the first chassis fixing part and the second chassis fixing part and suspended from the first chassis fixing part;
A split portion provided in the second surplus length portion at a position below the first chassis fixing portion;
A connector provided in the divided portion;
A wire harness device comprising: The wire harness device according to claim 1, wherein the second extra length portion has a winding shape. The second surplus portion extends from the second chassis fixing portion toward the cab fixing portion and makes a U-turn while hanging down, and then rises again to make a U-turn to reach the first chassis fixing portion. The wire harness apparatus of Claim 1 or 2. The wire splitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the divided portion is provided at a lower end portion of the second surplus length portion. At a position below the first chassis fixing portion, a suspension bracket for supporting a suspension spring of the vehicle is provided on the chassis in a hanging shape, and the second extra length portion is disposed on a side of the suspension bracket. The wire harness device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wire harness device is provided.

Images