JP2017067359A - Steam generation device - Google Patents

Steam generation device Download PDF

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JP2017067359A
JP2017067359A JP2015192595A JP2015192595A JP2017067359A JP 2017067359 A JP2017067359 A JP 2017067359A JP 2015192595 A JP2015192595 A JP 2015192595A JP 2015192595 A JP2015192595 A JP 2015192595A JP 2017067359 A JP2017067359 A JP 2017067359A
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steam
pressure
gas
liquid drum
steam generator
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Inventor
浩史 小坂
Hiroshi Kosaka
浩史 小坂
紘基 片山
Hiroki Katayama
紘基 片山
泰英 岡▲崎▼
Yasuhide Okazaki
泰英 岡▲崎▼
浩一 井本
Koichi Imoto
浩一 井本
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Priority to JP2015192595A priority Critical patent/JP2017067359A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2016/078239 priority patent/WO2017057260A1/en
Publication of JP2017067359A publication Critical patent/JP2017067359A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel heat storage method.SOLUTION: A steam generation device 1 has a sunlight collection device 2 for heating a fluid by sunlight and a gas-liquid drum 31 for storing steam and a liquid of the fluid, and the fluid continuously circulates between the two. The gas-liquid drum 31 is connected to an external facility 9 by a steam supply passage 41. A pressure adjustment part 42 fluctuates an internal pressure while supplying the steam to the external facility 9 by cutting off passing of the steam in the steam supply passage 41 in the case where the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is below a setting pressure set for using the steam in the external facility 9, and by allowing the steam to pass in a throttle part in which a flow passage area is partially reduced in the steam supply passage 41 in the case where the internal pressure is equal to or greater than the setting pressure. Thereby, in the case where the amount of solar radiation is large, heat can be stored in the gas-liquid drum 31 while supplying the steam to the external facility 9, so that even in the case where the amount of solar radiation is small, steam can be supplied to the external facility 9 for a certain period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、太陽光を利用する蒸気発生装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a steam generator using sunlight.

近年、太陽光を集光して熱媒体を加熱することにより太陽熱エネルギーを回収する技術の実用化が進められている。当該技術に係る蒸気発生装置では、集光させた太陽光を利用して蒸気を発生させ、当該蒸気が様々な用途に用いられる。   In recent years, a technique for collecting solar thermal energy by concentrating sunlight and heating a heat medium has been put into practical use. In the steam generation apparatus according to the technology, steam is generated using concentrated sunlight, and the steam is used for various purposes.

一方、熱源である日射は、天候や時間帯等により変化する。そこで、特許文献１の太陽熱発電システムでは、蓄熱器とアキュムレータとが設けられ、日照量が少なく、集光器出口の温度が一定温度以下の場合には、液状の集熱媒体がアキュムレータに送られる。アキュムレータ内の圧力が一定の圧力以上になると、アキュムレータ内で発生する飽和蒸気が、蓄熱器を介して過熱蒸気とされてタービンへと送られる。また、日照量が増加し、集光器出口の温度が十分上昇すると、集熱媒体の蒸気が直接蓄熱器に送られ、さらにタービンへと送られる。このとき、蒸気の温度が蓄熱器の蓄熱温度よりも高い場合には、蓄熱器の蓄熱材に熱が供給される。   On the other hand, solar radiation, which is a heat source, varies depending on the weather, time zone, and the like. Therefore, in the solar thermal power generation system of Patent Document 1, a heat storage device and an accumulator are provided, and when the amount of sunlight is small and the temperature at the collector outlet is equal to or lower than a certain temperature, a liquid heat collection medium is sent to the accumulator. . When the pressure in the accumulator becomes equal to or higher than a certain pressure, saturated steam generated in the accumulator is converted into superheated steam through the heat accumulator and sent to the turbine. Further, when the amount of sunshine increases and the temperature at the collector outlet sufficiently rises, the steam of the heat collection medium is sent directly to the heat accumulator and further to the turbine. At this time, when the temperature of the steam is higher than the heat storage temperature of the heat storage device, heat is supplied to the heat storage material of the heat storage device.

特許文献２の装置では、太陽光エネルギーにより吸熱器の蒸発管内の水が加熱され、汽水ドラムに蒸気として蓄えられる。蒸気は、発電用タービンへ供給されたり、蓄熱槽に蓄えられる。また、蓄熱槽から汽水ドラムへの蒸気流量を調節する蒸気流量調節弁が設けられ、吸熱器の起動時に汽水ドラムの温度勾配が一定となるように、蒸気流量調節弁が制御される。また、汽水ドラムの圧力が所定の圧力となると、汽水ドラムの圧力が所定値となるように、汽水ドラムから蓄熱槽または負荷側へと送出される蒸気の流量が制御される。   In the apparatus of Patent Document 2, water in the evaporator pipe of the heat absorber is heated by solar energy and stored as steam in a brackish water drum. Steam is supplied to a power generation turbine or stored in a heat storage tank. Further, a steam flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the steam flow rate from the heat storage tank to the brackish water drum is provided, and the steam flow rate regulating valve is controlled so that the temperature gradient of the brackish water drum becomes constant when the heat absorber is activated. Moreover, when the pressure of the brackish water drum becomes a predetermined pressure, the flow rate of the steam sent from the brackish water drum to the heat storage tank or the load side is controlled so that the pressure of the brackish water drum becomes a predetermined value.

特許文献３では、汽水ドラムの蒸気圧力を検出してその設定値と比較し、汽水ドラムから負荷へ供給する蒸気流量を制御することにより、汽水ドラムの圧力を設定値に保つ圧力制御装置が開示されている。また、当該装置において、蒸気流量が増加中である場合に圧力設定値を上げ、蒸気流量が減少中である場合に圧力設定値を下げることにより、蒸気流量を安定化する手法も開示されている。特許文献３の装置においても、蓄熱器である圧力水タンクが負荷側に配置される。   Patent Document 3 discloses a pressure control device that detects the steam pressure of a brackish drum and compares it with a set value, and controls the flow rate of steam supplied from the brackish drum to a load, thereby maintaining the braided drum pressure at the set value. Has been. Also disclosed is a method for stabilizing the steam flow rate by increasing the pressure set value when the steam flow rate is increasing and decreasing the pressure set value when the steam flow rate is decreasing. . Also in the apparatus of Patent Document 3, a pressure water tank as a heat accumulator is arranged on the load side.

特開昭５３−５９１５５号公報JP-A-53-59155 特開昭５８−１６０７０３号公報JP 58-160703 A 特公昭６１−８３２３号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-8323

ところで、特許文献１ないし３の装置では、蓄熱を行うために、蓄熱器（蓄熱槽を含む。）が必須の構成要素となるため、蒸気発生装置の設計等に一定の制限が生じる。したがって、蓄熱器の省略が可能な新規な蓄熱手法が求められている。   By the way, in the apparatus of patent documents 1 thru | or 3, in order to perform heat storage, since a thermal storage (a thermal storage tank is included) becomes an essential component, a fixed restriction | limiting arises in the design of a steam generator, etc. Therefore, a new heat storage method that can omit the heat storage device is required.

本発明は上記課題に鑑みなされたものであり、新規な蓄熱手法を提供することを目的としている。   This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and aims at providing the novel thermal storage technique.

請求項１に記載の発明は、太陽光を利用する蒸気発生装置であって、集光させた太陽光により流体を加熱する太陽光集光装置と、前記流体の蒸気および液体を貯溜する気液ドラムと、前記太陽光集光装置と前記気液ドラムとの間にて前記流体を連続的に循環させるポンプと、前記気液ドラムと外部設備とを接続する蒸気供給路と、前記気液ドラムの内部圧力が、前記外部設備にて前記蒸気を使用するために設定された設定圧力未満である場合に、前記蒸気の前記蒸気供給路の通過を遮断し、前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力以上である場合に、前記蒸気供給路において部分的に流路面積が低減された絞り部に前記蒸気を通過させることにより、前記蒸気を前記外部設備に供給しつつ前記内部圧力を変動させる圧力調整部とを備える。   The invention according to claim 1 is a steam generating device that uses sunlight, a solar light collecting device that heats a fluid by the concentrated sunlight, and a gas-liquid that stores the fluid vapor and liquid. A drum, a pump for continuously circulating the fluid between the solar light collecting device and the gas-liquid drum, a vapor supply path connecting the gas-liquid drum and external equipment, and the gas-liquid drum When the internal pressure is less than a set pressure set for using the steam in the external equipment, the steam is blocked from passing through the steam supply path, and the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the set pressure. In some cases, a pressure adjusting unit that varies the internal pressure while supplying the steam to the external equipment by allowing the steam to pass through a throttle portion in which the flow path area is partially reduced in the steam supply path, Is provided.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の蒸気発生装置であって、前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力よりも高い上限圧力以上となる場合に、前記圧力調整部が、前記蒸気供給路において前記蒸気が通過する流路の面積を調整することにより、前記内部圧力をおよそ前記上限圧力に保つ。   Invention of Claim 2 is the steam generator of Claim 1, Comprising: When the said internal pressure becomes more than the upper limit pressure higher than the said setting pressure, the said pressure adjustment part is the said steam supply path The internal pressure is maintained at approximately the upper limit pressure by adjusting the area of the flow path through which the steam passes.

請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２に記載の蒸気発生装置であって、前記圧力調整部が、前記蒸気供給路に設けられた圧力制御弁を備え、前記内部圧力が前記上限圧力以上となる場合に、前記圧力制御弁の開度が調整され、前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力以上、かつ、前記上限圧力未満である場合に、前記圧力制御弁が前記絞り部として機能する。   Invention of Claim 3 is a steam generator of Claim 2, Comprising: The said pressure adjustment part is provided with the pressure control valve provided in the said steam supply path, The said internal pressure is more than the said upper limit pressure In such a case, when the opening degree of the pressure control valve is adjusted and the internal pressure is not less than the set pressure and less than the upper limit pressure, the pressure control valve functions as the throttle portion.

請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、前記上限圧力が前記設定圧力の２倍以上である。   Invention of Claim 4 is a steam generator in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3, Comprising: The said upper limit pressure is 2 times or more of the said setting pressure.

請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、前記蒸気供給路において、蒸気アキュムレータが設けられない。   A fifth aspect of the present invention is the steam generator according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein no steam accumulator is provided in the steam supply path.

請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし５のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、前記外部設備において、燃料により蒸気を発生させる補助ボイラが設けられている。   A sixth aspect of the present invention is the steam generator according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the external equipment is provided with an auxiliary boiler that generates steam with fuel.

本発明によれば、日射量が多い場合に蒸気を外部設備に供給しつつ気液ドラムにおいて蓄熱することができ、日射量が少ない場合にもある程度の期間、蒸気を外部設備に供給することができる。   According to the present invention, heat can be stored in the gas-liquid drum while supplying steam to the external equipment when the amount of solar radiation is large, and steam can be supplied to the external equipment for a certain period even when the amount of solar radiation is small. it can.

蒸気発生装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a steam generator. 太陽光集光装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a sunlight condensing device. 圧力調整部の動作の流れを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the flow of operation | movement of a pressure adjustment part.

図１は、本発明の一の実施の形態に係る蒸気発生装置１の構成を示す図である。蒸気発生装置１は、太陽光を利用して蒸気を発生させる装置であり、他の熱媒体を用いることなく水の蒸気を直接生成する直接蒸気生成（Direct Steam Generation）方式の装置である。蒸気発生装置１は、例えば、海水の蒸気加熱により淡水を生成する海水淡水化プラント（造水プラント）に用いられる。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a steam generator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The steam generator 1 is a device that generates steam using sunlight, and is a direct steam generation type device that directly generates water steam without using another heat medium. The steam generator 1 is used, for example, in a seawater desalination plant (fresh water plant) that generates fresh water by steam heating of seawater.

蒸気発生装置１は、太陽光集光装置２と、気液ドラム３１と、ポンプ３２と、蒸気供給路４１と、圧力調整部４２とを備える。気液ドラム３１は、熱媒体である水の蒸気および液体を貯溜する汽水ドラムである。気液ドラム３１には、太陽光集光装置２との間で水を循環させるための循環経路３３が設けられる。ポンプ３２は、循環経路３３において気液ドラム３１から太陽光集光装置２へと向かう部分に設けられる。ポンプ３２が、気液ドラム３１の下部に存在する液体の水を太陽光集光装置２へとおよそ一定の流量にて送液し、太陽光集光装置２を通過した水（例えば、水の蒸気）が気液ドラム３１へと戻る。このように、ポンプ３２は、気液ドラム３１と太陽光集光装置２との間を接続する循環経路３３に沿って水を連続的に循環させる。   The steam generator 1 includes a solar light collecting device 2, a gas-liquid drum 31, a pump 32, a steam supply path 41, and a pressure adjustment unit 42. The gas-liquid drum 31 is a brackish water drum for storing water vapor and liquid as a heat medium. The gas-liquid drum 31 is provided with a circulation path 33 for circulating water between the solar light collecting device 2. The pump 32 is provided in a portion of the circulation path 33 from the gas-liquid drum 31 toward the solar light collecting device 2. The pump 32 feeds liquid water existing below the gas-liquid drum 31 to the solar light collector 2 at an approximately constant flow rate, and passes through the solar light collector 2 (for example, water Steam) returns to the gas-liquid drum 31. In this way, the pump 32 continuously circulates water along the circulation path 33 that connects the gas-liquid drum 31 and the solar light collecting device 2.

循環経路３３において、ポンプ３２と太陽光集光装置２との間には、圧力センサ３３１、弁（逆止弁）３３２、弁３３３および温度センサ３３４が設けられる。圧力センサ３３１により、ポンプ３２の送液による水の圧力が測定される。温度センサ３３４により、太陽光集光装置２に流入する直前の水の温度が測定される。例えば、循環経路３３において、ポンプ３２、圧力センサ３３１および逆止弁３３２の組合せを含む部分に対して、並列に配置された他の経路が設けられ、当該経路に上記組合せと同様の組合せが設けられてもよい。この場合、一方のポンプ３２のメンテナンス時等において、他方のポンプ３２を利用して蒸気発生装置１を継続して稼働させることが可能である（後述のポンプ５２１において同様）。   In the circulation path 33, a pressure sensor 331, a valve (check valve) 332, a valve 333, and a temperature sensor 334 are provided between the pump 32 and the solar light collecting device 2. The pressure sensor 331 measures the pressure of water due to the liquid feeding of the pump 32. The temperature sensor 334 measures the temperature of water immediately before flowing into the solar light collecting device 2. For example, in the circulation path 33, another path arranged in parallel is provided for a portion including the combination of the pump 32, the pressure sensor 331, and the check valve 332, and the same combination as the above combination is provided in the path. May be. In this case, during the maintenance of one pump 32, the steam generator 1 can be continuously operated using the other pump 32 (the same applies to the pump 521 described later).

気液ドラム３１には、圧力センサ４２２と、レベルセンサ３１１とが設けられる。圧力センサ４２２は、圧力調整部４２の一部であり、圧力センサ４２２により、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力（蒸気の圧力）が測定される。レベルセンサ３１１により、気液ドラム３１内の液面の位置が測定される。気液ドラム３１の上部には、蒸気供給路４１の一端が接続される。   The gas-liquid drum 31 is provided with a pressure sensor 422 and a level sensor 311. The pressure sensor 422 is a part of the pressure adjusting unit 42, and the internal pressure (steam pressure) of the gas-liquid drum 31 is measured by the pressure sensor 422. The level sensor 311 measures the position of the liquid level in the gas-liquid drum 31. One end of a steam supply path 41 is connected to the upper part of the gas-liquid drum 31.

蒸気供給路４１は、気液ドラム３１と外部設備９とを接続する。蒸気発生装置１が海水淡水化プラントにて用いられる場合には、外部設備９は海水の加熱器等を含み、蒸気供給路４１は、当該加熱器に接続される。外部設備９は、燃料により蒸気を発生させる補助ボイラ９１を有し、補助ボイラ９１からの蒸気を当該加熱器に供給することが可能である。外部設備９の制御部（図示省略）には、蒸気発生装置１における各センサの測定値等の情報が入力されており、当該情報に従って補助ボイラ９１等が制御される。   The steam supply path 41 connects the gas-liquid drum 31 and the external equipment 9. When the steam generator 1 is used in a seawater desalination plant, the external equipment 9 includes a seawater heater and the like, and the steam supply path 41 is connected to the heater. The external equipment 9 has an auxiliary boiler 91 that generates steam with fuel, and can supply the steam from the auxiliary boiler 91 to the heater. Information such as measured values of each sensor in the steam generator 1 is input to a control unit (not shown) of the external equipment 9, and the auxiliary boiler 91 and the like are controlled according to the information.

蒸気供給路４１には、気液ドラム３１から外部設備９に向かって順に、圧力制御弁４２１、温度センサ４１１、圧力センサ４１２、流量センサ４１３が設けられる。温度センサ４１１、圧力センサ４１２および流量センサ４１３により、蒸気供給路４１を流れる蒸気の温度、圧力および流量がそれぞれ測定される。圧力制御弁４２１は、圧力調整部４２の一部である。圧力調整部４２は、内部圧力制御部４２３をさらに有する。圧力調整部４２では、圧力センサ４２２により取得される気液ドラム３１の内部圧力の測定値が内部圧力制御部４２３に入力され、内部圧力制御部４２３により当該測定値に応じて圧力制御弁４２１が制御される。圧力調整部４２における圧力制御弁４２１の制御の詳細については後述する。   In the steam supply path 41, a pressure control valve 421, a temperature sensor 411, a pressure sensor 412, and a flow rate sensor 413 are provided in order from the gas-liquid drum 31 toward the external equipment 9. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the steam flowing through the steam supply path 41 are measured by the temperature sensor 411, the pressure sensor 412, and the flow rate sensor 413, respectively. The pressure control valve 421 is a part of the pressure adjustment unit 42. The pressure adjustment unit 42 further includes an internal pressure control unit 423. In the pressure adjustment unit 42, the measurement value of the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 acquired by the pressure sensor 422 is input to the internal pressure control unit 423, and the pressure control valve 421 is activated according to the measurement value by the internal pressure control unit 423. Be controlled. Details of the control of the pressure control valve 421 in the pressure adjusting unit 42 will be described later.

蒸気発生装置１は、給水タンク５１と、給水路５２と、給水流量制御部５３とをさらに備える。給水タンク５１は、給水用の水を貯溜する。給水路５２は、給水タンク５１を循環経路３３に接続する。詳細には、給水路５２の一端は給水タンク５１に接続され、他端は循環経路３３におけるポンプ３２と太陽光集光装置２との間に接続される。給水路５２の他端は、循環経路３３における気液ドラム３１とポンプ３２との間、または、気液ドラム３１自体に接続されてもよい。給水路５２には、給水タンク５１から循環経路３３に向かって順に、ポンプ５２１、圧力センサ５２２、弁（逆止弁）５２３、温度センサ５２４、流量センサ５２５、流量制御弁５２６が設けられる。圧力センサ５２２により、ポンプ５２１の送液による水の圧力が測定される。温度センサ５２４および流量センサ５２５により、給水路５２を流れる水の温度および流量がそれぞれ測定される。   The steam generator 1 further includes a water supply tank 51, a water supply path 52, and a water supply flow rate control unit 53. The water supply tank 51 stores water for water supply. The water supply path 52 connects the water supply tank 51 to the circulation path 33. Specifically, one end of the water supply path 52 is connected to the water supply tank 51, and the other end is connected between the pump 32 and the solar light collector 2 in the circulation path 33. The other end of the water supply path 52 may be connected between the gas-liquid drum 31 and the pump 32 in the circulation path 33 or to the gas-liquid drum 31 itself. In the water supply path 52, a pump 521, a pressure sensor 522, a valve (check valve) 523, a temperature sensor 524, a flow sensor 525, and a flow control valve 526 are provided in order from the water supply tank 51 toward the circulation path 33. The pressure sensor 522 measures the pressure of water due to the liquid feeding by the pump 521. The temperature sensor 524 and the flow rate sensor 525 measure the temperature and flow rate of the water flowing through the water supply channel 52, respectively.

給水流量制御部５３には、流量センサ４１３およびレベルセンサ３１１から、蒸気供給路４１を流れる蒸気の流量の測定値、および、気液ドラム３１内の液面位置の測定値がそれぞれ入力される。給水流量制御部５３では、これらの測定値に基づいて、気液ドラム３１内の液面の位置が一定となるように、流量制御弁５２６が制御される。   A measured value of the flow rate of the steam flowing through the steam supply path 41 and a measured value of the liquid surface position in the gas-liquid drum 31 are input to the feed water flow rate control unit 53 from the flow rate sensor 413 and the level sensor 311, respectively. Based on these measured values, the feed water flow rate control unit 53 controls the flow rate control valve 526 so that the position of the liquid level in the gas-liquid drum 31 is constant.

図２は、太陽光集光装置２の構成を示す図である。太陽光集光装置２は、いわゆるフレネル型の集光装置であり、集光させた太陽光により水を加熱する。太陽光集光装置２は、多数のミラー２１と、熱回収管２２とを備える。熱回収管２２の内部には、ポンプ３２により気液ドラム３１から送液された水が流れており、多数のミラー２１が太陽光を熱回収管２２に集光することにより、熱回収管２２内の水が加熱される。熱回収管２２を通過した水の温度は、温度センサ２３により測定される。太陽光集光装置２にて加熱された水は、循環経路３３を介して気液ドラム３１に戻される。好ましい蒸気発生装置１では、複数の太陽光集光装置２が設けられており、複数の太陽光集光装置２により水が加熱される。太陽光集光装置２は、トラフ型、タワー型またはディッシュ型等の集光装置であってもよい。   FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the solar light collecting device 2. The solar light collecting device 2 is a so-called Fresnel type light collecting device, and heats water with the concentrated sunlight. The solar light collecting device 2 includes a large number of mirrors 21 and a heat recovery tube 22. The water sent from the gas-liquid drum 31 by the pump 32 flows inside the heat recovery pipe 22, and a large number of mirrors 21 concentrate the sunlight on the heat recovery pipe 22, whereby the heat recovery pipe 22. The water inside is heated. The temperature of the water that has passed through the heat recovery pipe 22 is measured by the temperature sensor 23. The water heated by the solar light collecting device 2 is returned to the gas-liquid drum 31 through the circulation path 33. In the preferable steam generator 1, a plurality of solar light collecting devices 2 are provided, and water is heated by the plurality of solar light collecting devices 2. The sunlight concentrating device 2 may be a trough type, a tower type, a dish type, or the like.

図３は、蒸気発生装置１の蒸気発生処理における圧力調整部４２の動作の流れを示す図である。圧力調整部４２では、蒸気発生装置１の駆動中、図３の動作が常時行われる。以下、蒸気発生処理における圧力調整部４２の動作について説明する。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flow of operation of the pressure adjusting unit 42 in the steam generation process of the steam generator 1. In the pressure adjustment unit 42, the operation of FIG. 3 is always performed while the steam generator 1 is driven. Hereinafter, the operation of the pressure adjusting unit 42 in the steam generation process will be described.

蒸気発生処理では、ポンプ３２の駆動により、循環経路３３に沿って水が連続的に循環している。既述のように、太陽光集光装置２を通過する水は、集光させた太陽光により加熱され、その後、気液ドラム３１内に戻される。また、圧力調整部４２の圧力センサ４２２では、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力の測定値が、蒸気発生処理中に所定の時間間隔にて繰り返し取得される。   In the steam generation process, water is continuously circulated along the circulation path 33 by driving the pump 32. As described above, the water passing through the solar light collecting device 2 is heated by the condensed sunlight and then returned to the gas-liquid drum 31. Further, in the pressure sensor 422 of the pressure adjusting unit 42, the measurement value of the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is repeatedly acquired at predetermined time intervals during the steam generation process.

例えば、日の出と同時に蒸気発生装置１の駆動が開始された直後では、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力（の測定値）が、所定の設定圧力（例えば１．０ＭＰａ（メガパスカル））未満であることが確認され（ステップＳ１１）、圧力制御弁４２１が閉状態とされる（ステップＳ１２）。圧力制御弁４２１が既に閉状態である場合には、閉状態が維持される。ここで、設定圧力は、外部設備９にて蒸気を使用するために設定された圧力であり、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が設定圧力未満である場合には、気液ドラム３１から外部設備９に蒸気は供給されない。外部設備９では、補助ボイラ９１を利用して必要な量の蒸気が生成される。これにより、蒸気発生装置１からの蒸気の供給流量が０である間における外部設備９の稼働が可能となる。なお、蒸気供給路４１には逆止弁（図示省略）が設けられており、補助ボイラ９１からの蒸気が蒸気供給路４１を逆流することはない。   For example, immediately after the driving of the steam generator 1 is started at the same time as sunrise, the internal pressure (measured value) of the gas-liquid drum 31 is less than a predetermined set pressure (for example, 1.0 MPa (megapascal)). Is confirmed (step S11), and the pressure control valve 421 is closed (step S12). When the pressure control valve 421 is already closed, the closed state is maintained. Here, the set pressure is a pressure set to use steam in the external equipment 9, and when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is less than the set pressure, the gas-liquid drum 31 to the external equipment 9 Steam is not supplied. In the external facility 9, a necessary amount of steam is generated using the auxiliary boiler 91. As a result, the external equipment 9 can be operated while the steam supply flow rate from the steam generator 1 is zero. The steam supply path 41 is provided with a check valve (not shown), and the steam from the auxiliary boiler 91 does not flow back through the steam supply path 41.

蒸気発生装置１では、太陽光集光装置２による加熱により循環経路３３を循環する水の温度が漸次上昇し、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力も増大する。内部圧力が設定圧力以上となると（ステップＳ１１）、続いて、内部圧力が、設定圧力よりも高い所定の上限圧力（例えば２．２ＭＰａ）未満であることが確認される（ステップＳ１３）。上限圧力の詳細については後述する。さらに、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が、所定の設定開度以下であることが確認されると（ステップＳ１４）、圧力制御弁４２１が当該設定開度とされる（ステップＳ１５）。ここでは、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が０％（閉状態）であり、後述するように設定開度は０％よりも大きいため、圧力制御弁４２１がゆっくりと開かれて設定開度となる。圧力制御弁４２１が既に設定開度である場合には、設定開度が維持される。   In the steam generator 1, the temperature of the water circulating in the circulation path 33 is gradually increased by the heating by the solar light collector 2, and the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is also increased. When the internal pressure becomes equal to or higher than the set pressure (step S11), it is subsequently confirmed that the internal pressure is less than a predetermined upper limit pressure (eg, 2.2 MPa) higher than the set pressure (step S13). Details of the upper limit pressure will be described later. Further, when it is confirmed that the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is equal to or less than a predetermined set opening degree (step S14), the pressure control valve 421 is set to the set opening degree (step S15). Here, since the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is 0% (closed state) and the set opening degree is larger than 0% as will be described later, the pressure control valve 421 is slowly opened to become the set opening degree. . When the pressure control valve 421 is already at the set opening, the set opening is maintained.

圧力制御弁４２１の設定開度は、０％よりも大きく、かつ、１００％よりも十分に小さい任意の開度である。設定開度は、好ましくは、５０％以下の開度であり、より好ましくは、調整可能な最小の開度である。設定開度となっている圧力制御弁４２１は、蒸気供給路４１において部分的に流路面積が低減された絞り部と捉えることができる。圧力制御弁４２１が設定開度の状態では、気液ドラム３１内の蒸気（飽和蒸気）が蒸気供給路４１を介して外部設備９に比較的少ない供給流量にて供給される。外部設備９では、補助ボイラ９１を利用して、外部設備９において不足する蒸気が補充される。また、蒸気供給路４１を流れる蒸気の流量が大きく制限されていることにより、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力は、日射量（直達日射量）に依存して変動する。   The set opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is an arbitrary opening degree that is larger than 0% and sufficiently smaller than 100%. The set opening is preferably an opening of 50% or less, and more preferably the minimum adjustable opening. The pressure control valve 421 having the set opening can be regarded as a throttle portion in which the flow passage area is partially reduced in the steam supply passage 41. When the pressure control valve 421 is at the set opening, the steam (saturated steam) in the gas-liquid drum 31 is supplied to the external equipment 9 through the steam supply path 41 at a relatively small supply flow rate. In the external facility 9, the auxiliary boiler 91 is used to replenish the steam that is insufficient in the external facility 9. Further, since the flow rate of the steam flowing through the steam supply path 41 is greatly limited, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 varies depending on the amount of solar radiation (direct solar radiation amount).

気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が上限圧力以上となると（ステップＳ１１，Ｓ１３）、圧力調整部４２では、内部圧力がおよそ上限圧力に保たれるように圧力制御弁４２１の開度が調整される。すなわち、内部圧力の定圧制御が行われる（ステップＳ１６）。定圧制御では、圧力センサ４２２の測定値に基づいて蒸気供給路４１において蒸気が通過する流路の面積が調整される。例えば、内部圧力が上限圧力よりもある程度大きい場合には、圧力制御弁４２１の開度がゆっくりと上げられる。なお、定圧制御では、圧力制御弁４２１の開度は、設定開度以上の範囲内で調整される。   When the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit pressure (steps S11 and S13), the pressure adjusting unit 42 adjusts the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 so that the internal pressure is maintained at approximately the upper limit pressure. That is, constant pressure control of the internal pressure is performed (step S16). In the constant pressure control, the area of the flow path through which the steam passes in the steam supply path 41 is adjusted based on the measurement value of the pressure sensor 422. For example, when the internal pressure is somewhat higher than the upper limit pressure, the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is slowly increased. In the constant pressure control, the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is adjusted within a range not less than the set opening degree.

ここで、上限圧力は、例えば気液ドラム３１の仕様として定められている最高使用圧力、または、最高使用圧力よりも僅かに低い圧力である。したがって、気液ドラム３１がおよそ上限圧力に制御されることにより、気液ドラム３１が損傷することはない。気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が上限圧力に到達することにより、気液ドラム３１において上限圧力と設定圧力との差に相当する量の蓄熱が実質的に完了する。蒸気発生装置１では、圧力制御弁４２１の開度を大きくするに従って、外部設備９への蒸気の供給流量も漸次増大する。このとき、外部設備９において一定量の蒸気を利用する場合には、補助ボイラ９１にて生成する蒸気の量が漸次低減される。   Here, the upper limit pressure is, for example, the maximum use pressure defined as the specification of the gas-liquid drum 31 or a pressure slightly lower than the maximum use pressure. Therefore, the gas-liquid drum 31 is not damaged by controlling the gas-liquid drum 31 to approximately the upper limit pressure. When the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 reaches the upper limit pressure, heat storage of an amount corresponding to the difference between the upper limit pressure and the set pressure in the gas-liquid drum 31 is substantially completed. In the steam generator 1, the steam supply flow rate to the external equipment 9 gradually increases as the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 increases. At this time, when a constant amount of steam is used in the external equipment 9, the amount of steam generated by the auxiliary boiler 91 is gradually reduced.

定圧制御において、例えば、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が設定圧力以上、かつ、上限圧力未満となる場合には（ステップＳ１１，Ｓ１３）、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が、設定開度よりも大きいことが確認された後（ステップＳ１４）、内部圧力がおよそ上限圧力に保たれるように圧力制御弁４２１の開度が下げられる。すなわち、上記と同様に、内部圧力の定圧制御が行われる（ステップＳ１６）。   In the constant pressure control, for example, when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is not less than the set pressure and less than the upper limit pressure (steps S11 and S13), the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is larger than the set opening degree. After confirming this (step S14), the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is lowered so that the internal pressure is maintained at approximately the upper limit pressure. That is, the constant pressure control of the internal pressure is performed as described above (step S16).

例えば、太陽光が雲等により遮られ、日射量が少なくなると、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が継続的に設定圧力以上、かつ、上限圧力未満となる（ステップＳ１１，Ｓ１３）。この場合も、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が、設定開度よりも大きい間は（ステップＳ１４）、内部圧力の定圧制御として、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が設定開度以上の範囲内で下げられる（ステップＳ１６）。したがって、日射量が少ない状態においても、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力は、暫くの間、上限圧力近傍にて保たれる。また、蒸気発生装置１から外部設備９への蒸気の供給は継続される。もちろん、圧力制御弁４２１の開度を小さくするに従って、外部設備９への蒸気の供給流量は漸次減少する。このとき、外部設備９において一定量の蒸気を利用する場合には、補助ボイラ９１にて生成する蒸気の量が漸次増大される。   For example, when sunlight is blocked by clouds or the like and the amount of solar radiation decreases, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 continuously becomes equal to or higher than the set pressure and lower than the upper limit pressure (steps S11 and S13). Also in this case, as long as the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is larger than the set opening degree (step S14), as the constant pressure control of the internal pressure, the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is lowered within the range above the set opening degree. (Step S16). Therefore, even in a state where the amount of solar radiation is small, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is kept near the upper limit pressure for a while. Further, the supply of steam from the steam generator 1 to the external facility 9 is continued. Of course, as the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is reduced, the flow rate of the steam supplied to the external equipment 9 gradually decreases. At this time, when a certain amount of steam is used in the external equipment 9, the amount of steam generated by the auxiliary boiler 91 is gradually increased.

日射量が少ない状態が長くなると、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力は、上限圧力近傍から設定圧力に向かって漸次減少する（ステップＳ１１，Ｓ１３）。定圧制御として圧力制御弁４２１の開度が設定開度まで下げられた場合には（ステップＳ１４）、圧力制御弁４２１が設定開度にて維持される（ステップＳ１５）。日射量が少ない状態がさらに続くことにより、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力は、設定圧力近傍まで漸次減少する。圧力調整部４２では、この期間においても、圧力制御弁４２１が設定開度にて維持されるため、比較的少ない供給流量ではあるが、外部設備９への蒸気の供給が継続される。   When the amount of solar radiation is small, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 gradually decreases from the vicinity of the upper limit pressure toward the set pressure (steps S11 and S13). When the opening of the pressure control valve 421 is lowered to the set opening as the constant pressure control (step S14), the pressure control valve 421 is maintained at the set opening (step S15). As the amount of solar radiation is further reduced, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 gradually decreases to near the set pressure. In the pressure adjusting unit 42, since the pressure control valve 421 is maintained at the set opening degree even during this period, the supply of steam to the external equipment 9 is continued although the supply flow rate is relatively small.

そして、内部圧力が設定圧力未満となると（ステップＳ１１）、圧力制御弁４２１がゆっくりと閉じられて、閉状態となる（ステップＳ１２）。これにより、蒸気発生装置１から外部設備９への蒸気の供給流量が０となる。蒸気発生装置１では、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が上限圧力まで到達していた場合（すなわち、上限圧力に対応する温度の水が気液ドラム３１にて貯溜されていた場合）、日射量がほとんど無い状態となっても、気液ドラム３１における蓄熱により蒸気の供給を、例えば１０分程度継続することが可能である。したがって、この間に、補助ボイラ９１の出力を漸次増大させることにより、蒸気の供給流量が０となる際に、外部設備９において必要な量の蒸気を確保することが可能である。なお、蒸気発生装置１では、日没により日射量が無くなると、ポンプ３２の駆動が停止され、蒸気発生処理が終了する。   When the internal pressure becomes less than the set pressure (step S11), the pressure control valve 421 is slowly closed and closed (step S12). Thereby, the supply flow rate of the steam from the steam generator 1 to the external facility 9 becomes zero. In the steam generator 1, when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 has reached the upper limit pressure (that is, when water at a temperature corresponding to the upper limit pressure is stored in the gas-liquid drum 31), the amount of solar radiation is Even when there is almost no state, the supply of steam can be continued, for example, for about 10 minutes by heat storage in the gas-liquid drum 31. Therefore, by gradually increasing the output of the auxiliary boiler 91 during this period, it is possible to secure a necessary amount of steam in the external equipment 9 when the steam supply flow rate becomes zero. In the steam generator 1, when the amount of solar radiation disappears due to sunset, the driving of the pump 32 is stopped, and the steam generation process ends.

蒸気発生装置１の一例において、気液ドラム３１の容量が２．５ｍ３、外部設備９への供給圧力が０．８ＭＰａ（絶対圧である。以下同様。）、ステップＳ１１における気液ドラム３１の設定圧力が１．１ＭＰａ、ステップＳ１３における気液ドラム３１の上限圧力が２．３ＭＰａであるとする。圧力制御弁４２１の開度が１００％である場合、Ｃｖ値が５となり、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が２．３ＭＰａであるときには、蒸気の供給流量が１．３ｔｏｎ／ｈ（毎時１．３トン）となる。なお、圧力制御弁４２１のレンジアビリティは３０：１である。ステップＳ１５における圧力制御弁４２１の設定開度は、３０％であり、このとき、イコールパーセント特性によりＣｖ値は０．５となる。圧力制御弁４２１の開度が３０％である場合に、内部圧力が１．１ＭＰａであるときには、蒸気の供給流量は５０ｋｇ／ｈとなり、内部圧力が２．３ＭＰａであるときには、蒸気の供給流量は１１０ｋｇ／ｈとなる。既述のように、内部圧力が２．３ＭＰａ以上になると、ステップＳ１６における定圧制御により、圧力制御弁４２１の開度が増加する。気液ドラム３１自体を蒸気アキュムレータとして捉えると、初圧２．３ＭＰａ、終圧１．１ＭＰａで６５ｋｇ／ｍ３の蒸気を発生するため、１６３ｋｇ（＝６５×２．５）の蓄熱量となり、１ｔｏｎ／ｈの供給流量であっても、蒸気の供給を約１０分継続することが可能である。 In an example of the steam generator 1, the capacity of the gas-liquid drum 31 is 2.5 m 3 , the supply pressure to the external equipment 9 is 0.8 MPa (absolute pressure, the same applies hereinafter), and the gas-liquid drum 31 in step S11 It is assumed that the set pressure is 1.1 MPa and the upper limit pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 in step S13 is 2.3 MPa. When the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is 100%, the Cv value is 5, and when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is 2.3 MPa, the steam supply flow rate is 1.3 ton / h (1.3 hour / hour). Tons). The range ability of the pressure control valve 421 is 30: 1. The set opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 in step S15 is 30%. At this time, the Cv value becomes 0.5 due to the equal percentage characteristic. When the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 is 30%, when the internal pressure is 1.1 MPa, the steam supply flow rate is 50 kg / h, and when the internal pressure is 2.3 MPa, the steam supply flow rate is 110 kg / h. As described above, when the internal pressure becomes 2.3 MPa or more, the opening degree of the pressure control valve 421 increases by the constant pressure control in step S16. When the gas-liquid drum 31 itself is regarded as a steam accumulator, 65 kg / m 3 of steam is generated at an initial pressure of 2.3 MPa and a final pressure of 1.1 MPa, so that a heat storage amount of 163 kg (= 65 × 2.5) is obtained. Even at a supply flow rate of / h, the steam supply can be continued for about 10 minutes.

以上に説明したように、蒸気発生装置１の圧力調整部４２では、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が設定圧力未満である場合に、蒸気の蒸気供給路４１の通過が遮断される。一方、内部圧力が設定圧力以上である場合には、蒸気供給路４１において部分的に流路面積が低減された絞り部に当該蒸気を通過させることにより、蒸気を外部設備９に供給しつつ内部圧力を変動させる。これにより、蒸気発生装置１では、日射量が多い場合に蒸気を外部設備９に供給しつつ、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力を短時間に設定圧力よりも高くして、実質的に蓄熱することが可能となる。また、日射量が少ない場合にも、ある程度の期間、蒸気を外部設備９に継続して供給することができる。その結果、蒸気発生装置１では、簡易な構造により、日射量の変化による蒸気の供給流量の急激な変動（主として低下）を防止する、すなわち、外部設備９への蒸気の供給流量を緩やかに変化させることができる。   As described above, in the pressure adjusting unit 42 of the steam generator 1, when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is less than the set pressure, the passage of steam through the steam supply path 41 is blocked. On the other hand, when the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the set pressure, the steam is passed through the constricted portion in which the flow passage area is partially reduced in the steam supply path 41, thereby supplying the steam to the external equipment 9 Vary the pressure. Thereby, in the steam generator 1, the steam is supplied to the external equipment 9 when the amount of solar radiation is large, and the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is made higher than the set pressure in a short time to substantially store heat. Is possible. Further, even when the amount of solar radiation is small, steam can be continuously supplied to the external equipment 9 for a certain period. As a result, in the steam generator 1, with a simple structure, a rapid change (mainly a decrease) in the steam supply flow rate due to a change in the amount of solar radiation is prevented, that is, the steam supply flow rate to the external equipment 9 is gently changed. Can be made.

また、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が上限圧力以上となる場合に、圧力調整部４２により、内部圧力がおよそ上限圧力に保たれる。これにより、日射量が十分にある場合に、余剰となる熱を気液ドラム３１にて継続して蓄熱しつつ、蒸気を比較的高い供給流量にて外部設備９に供給することができる。また、上限圧力が設定圧力の２倍以上であることにより、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力の制御範囲を大きくして、気液ドラム３１にて蓄熱可能な熱量を大きくすることができる。   Further, when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is equal to or higher than the upper limit pressure, the internal pressure is maintained at approximately the upper limit pressure by the pressure adjusting unit 42. Thereby, when there is a sufficient amount of solar radiation, it is possible to supply steam to the external equipment 9 at a relatively high supply flow rate while continuously storing excess heat in the gas-liquid drum 31. Further, when the upper limit pressure is twice or more the set pressure, the control range of the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 can be increased, and the amount of heat that can be stored in the gas-liquid drum 31 can be increased.

既述のように、蒸気発生装置１では、設定圧力よりも高圧となる気液ドラム３１において蓄熱されるため、蒸気供給路４１において蒸気アキュムレータが設けられない。このように、気液ドラム３１が蒸気アキュムレータの機能を兼ねることにより、蒸気発生装置１の構成を簡素化しつつ、少ない高温水により効率よく蓄熱することができる。なお、蒸気発生装置１の設計によっては、蒸気供給路４１において蒸気アキュムレータが補助的に設けられてもよい。   As described above, in the steam generator 1, heat is stored in the gas-liquid drum 31 that is higher than the set pressure, and therefore, no steam accumulator is provided in the steam supply path 41. As described above, the gas-liquid drum 31 also functions as a steam accumulator, whereby heat can be efficiently stored with a small amount of high-temperature water while simplifying the configuration of the steam generator 1. Depending on the design of the steam generator 1, a steam accumulator may be provided in the steam supply path 41 as an auxiliary.

ところで、外部設備９において、燃料により蒸気を発生させる補助ボイラ９１が設けられるが、補助ボイラ９１では、蒸気の発生量を急激に変化させることは困難である。しかしながら、蒸気発生装置１では、既述のように外部設備９への蒸気の供給流量を緩やかに変化させることができるため、外部設備９において、蒸気発生装置１および補助ボイラ９１による一定量の蒸気を安定して利用することができる。   By the way, although the external boiler 9 is provided with an auxiliary boiler 91 that generates steam with fuel, it is difficult for the auxiliary boiler 91 to change the amount of generated steam rapidly. However, in the steam generator 1, the steam supply flow rate to the external equipment 9 can be gradually changed as described above. Therefore, in the external equipment 9, a certain amount of steam is generated by the steam generator 1 and the auxiliary boiler 91. Can be used stably.

上記蒸気発生装置１では様々な変形が可能である。   The steam generator 1 can be variously modified.

上記実施の形態では、設定開度に調整された圧力制御弁４２１が、蒸気供給路４１における絞り部として機能することにより、圧力調整部４２が簡単な構成にて実現されるが、上記絞り部は、圧力制御弁４２１以外の構成により実現されてもよい。例えば、蒸気供給路４１の一部において並列する２つの流路が設けられ、一方の流路において部分的に流路面積が低減された管部材が絞り部として設けられ、他方の流路に上限圧力の定圧弁（減圧弁）が設けられる。当該２つの流路は切替弁を介して気液ドラム３１に接続され、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力に応じて２つの流路を選択的に切り替えることにより、絞り部に蒸気を通過させること、および、内部圧力をおよそ上限圧力に保つことが実現される。   In the above-described embodiment, the pressure control valve 421 adjusted to the set opening functions as a throttle unit in the steam supply path 41, whereby the pressure regulator 42 is realized with a simple configuration. May be realized by a configuration other than the pressure control valve 421. For example, two flow paths arranged in parallel in a part of the steam supply path 41 are provided, and a pipe member having a partially reduced flow area is provided as a throttle part in one flow path, and the upper limit is provided in the other flow path. A constant pressure valve (pressure reducing valve) for pressure is provided. The two flow paths are connected to the gas-liquid drum 31 via a switching valve, and by selectively switching the two flow paths according to the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31, the steam is allowed to pass through the throttle portion. And it is implement | achieved to maintain an internal pressure at about an upper limit pressure.

例えば、気液ドラム３１において取り得る内部圧力が、気液ドラム３１の最高使用圧力よりも低い場合等には、定圧制御が省略されてもよい。すなわち、気液ドラム３１の内部圧力が設定圧力未満である場合に、蒸気の蒸気供給路４１の通過を遮断し、内部圧力が設定圧力以上である場合に、蒸気供給路４１の絞り部に蒸気を通過させて内部圧力を変動させる制御のみが、圧力調整部４２において行われてもよい。   For example, when the internal pressure that can be taken in the gas-liquid drum 31 is lower than the maximum operating pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31, the constant pressure control may be omitted. That is, when the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum 31 is less than the set pressure, the passage of the steam through the steam supply path 41 is blocked, and when the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the set pressure, the steam in the throttle portion of the steam supply path 41 Only the control of changing the internal pressure by passing the pressure may be performed in the pressure adjusting unit 42.

上記実施の形態では、気液ドラム３１において水が貯溜されるが、例えば、アンモニア等の他の流体が気液ドラム３１において貯溜されてもよい。   In the above embodiment, water is stored in the gas-liquid drum 31, but other fluids such as ammonia may be stored in the gas-liquid drum 31, for example.

太陽光を利用する蒸気発生装置１は、海水淡水化（造水）以外に、製塩や酒造等の様々な用途に利用することが可能である。蒸気発生装置１は、ボイラを有する様々な設備に追加することが可能であり、これにより、当該ボイラ（補助ボイラ）にて消費される燃料を削減することができる。もちろん、蒸気発生装置１が発電に利用されてもよい。   The steam generator 1 using sunlight can be used for various purposes such as salt production and sake brewing in addition to seawater desalination (fresh water). The steam generator 1 can be added to various facilities having a boiler, and thereby the fuel consumed in the boiler (auxiliary boiler) can be reduced. Of course, the steam generator 1 may be used for power generation.

上記実施の形態および各変形例における構成は、相互に矛盾しない限り適宜組み合わされてよい。   The configurations in the above-described embodiments and modifications may be combined as appropriate as long as they do not contradict each other.

１ 蒸気発生装置
２ 太陽光集光装置
９ 外部設備
３１ 気液ドラム
３２ ポンプ
４１ 蒸気供給路
４２ 圧力調整部
９１ 補助ボイラ
４２１ 圧力制御弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam generator 2 Sunlight condensing device 9 External equipment 31 Gas-liquid drum 32 Pump 41 Steam supply path 42 Pressure adjustment part 91 Auxiliary boiler 421 Pressure control valve

Claims (6)

太陽光を利用する蒸気発生装置であって、
集光させた太陽光により流体を加熱する太陽光集光装置と、
前記流体の蒸気および液体を貯溜する気液ドラムと、
前記太陽光集光装置と前記気液ドラムとの間にて前記流体を連続的に循環させるポンプと、
前記気液ドラムと外部設備とを接続する蒸気供給路と、
前記気液ドラムの内部圧力が、前記外部設備にて前記蒸気を使用するために設定された設定圧力未満である場合に、前記蒸気の前記蒸気供給路の通過を遮断し、前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力以上である場合に、前記蒸気供給路において部分的に流路面積が低減された絞り部に前記蒸気を通過させることにより、前記蒸気を前記外部設備に供給しつつ前記内部圧力を変動させる圧力調整部と、
を備えることを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 A steam generator using sunlight,
A solar concentrator that heats the fluid with the concentrated sunlight;
A gas-liquid drum for storing the vapor and liquid of the fluid;
A pump for continuously circulating the fluid between the solar light collecting device and the gas-liquid drum;
A steam supply path connecting the gas-liquid drum and external equipment;
When the internal pressure of the gas-liquid drum is less than a set pressure set for using the steam in the external equipment, the steam is blocked from passing through the steam supply path, and the internal pressure is When the pressure is equal to or higher than a set pressure, the internal pressure is changed while supplying the steam to the external equipment by passing the steam through a constricted portion in which the flow area is partially reduced in the steam supply path. A pressure adjustment unit;
A steam generator characterized by comprising: 請求項１に記載の蒸気発生装置であって、
前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力よりも高い上限圧力以上となる場合に、前記圧力調整部が、前記蒸気供給路において前記蒸気が通過する流路の面積を調整することにより、前記内部圧力をおよそ前記上限圧力に保つことを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 The steam generator according to claim 1,
When the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the upper limit pressure higher than the set pressure, the pressure adjusting unit adjusts the area of the flow path through which the steam passes in the steam supply path, so that the internal pressure is approximately A steam generator characterized by maintaining an upper limit pressure. 請求項２に記載の蒸気発生装置であって、
前記圧力調整部が、前記蒸気供給路に設けられた圧力制御弁を備え、
前記内部圧力が前記上限圧力以上となる場合に、前記圧力制御弁の開度が調整され、
前記内部圧力が前記設定圧力以上、かつ、前記上限圧力未満である場合に、前記圧力制御弁が前記絞り部として機能することを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 The steam generator according to claim 2,
The pressure adjusting unit includes a pressure control valve provided in the steam supply path;
When the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the upper limit pressure, the opening of the pressure control valve is adjusted,
The steam generator, wherein the pressure control valve functions as the throttle portion when the internal pressure is equal to or higher than the set pressure and lower than the upper limit pressure. 請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、
前記上限圧力が前記設定圧力の２倍以上であることを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 The steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The steam generating device, wherein the upper limit pressure is twice or more the set pressure. 請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、
前記蒸気供給路において、蒸気アキュムレータが設けられないことを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 The steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The steam generator is characterized in that no steam accumulator is provided in the steam supply path. 請求項１ないし５のいずれかに記載の蒸気発生装置であって、
前記外部設備において、燃料により蒸気を発生させる補助ボイラが設けられていることを特徴とする蒸気発生装置。 The steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
In the external equipment, an auxiliary boiler for generating steam with fuel is provided.
JP2015192595A 2015-09-30 2015-09-30 Steam generation device Pending JP2017067359A (en)

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