JP2017057593A - Waterproof sheet for tunnel - Google Patents

Waterproof sheet for tunnel Download PDF

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JP2017057593A
JP2017057593A JP2015181612A JP2015181612A JP2017057593A JP 2017057593 A JP2017057593 A JP 2017057593A JP 2015181612 A JP2015181612 A JP 2015181612A JP 2015181612 A JP2015181612 A JP 2015181612A JP 2017057593 A JP2017057593 A JP 2017057593A
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water
permeable layer
water permeable
waterproof sheet
sheet
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JP6534208B2 (en
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正充 高波
Masamitsu Takanami
正充 高波
高橋　俊昭
Toshiaki Takahashi
俊昭 高橋
邦史 扇畑
Kunihito Ogibata
邦史 扇畑
優介 細田
Yusuke Hosoda
優介 細田
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Fujimori Kogyo Co Ltd
Fujimori Sangyo Co Ltd
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Fujimori Kogyo Co Ltd
Fujimori Sangyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waterproof sheet for a tunnel capable of maintaining the drainage function of a water permeable sheet part even when applied to a method for fixing by a back-filling material.SOLUTION: A waterproof sheet 5 is provided between a primary lining 4 and a secondary lining 6 of a tunnel 1. The waterproof sheet 5 comprises a water impermeable sheet part 10 facing to the secondary lining 6 and a water permeable sheet part 20. The water permeable sheet part 20 includes a first water permeable layer 21 facing to the primary lining 4, a second water permeable layer 22 laminated on the first water permeable layer 21 and a third water permeable layer 23 laminated between the second water permeable layer 22 and the water impermeable sheet part 10. The second water permeable layer 22 has water permeability lower than the water permeable layers 21 and 23.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、トンネルにおける一次覆工と二次覆工との間に設けられる防水シートに関する。   The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet provided between a primary lining and a secondary lining in a tunnel.

例えば、特許文献１には、防水シートの設置を含むトンネル施工方法が開示されている。それによれば、トンネルの地山掘削面に吹付コンクリートを吹き付ける。この吹付コンクリートに面するように型枠を設置し、この型枠の外周面に防水シートを張設する。次に、吹付コンクリートと防水シートとの間の隙間に凝固性の裏込め材を充填することで、防水シートを裏込め材に固着させる。この裏込め材が一次覆工となる。その後、二次覆工のコンクリートを打設する。これによって、防水シートが、一次覆工と二次覆工との間に挟まれるようにして埋設される。防水シートの材質及び構造についての詳細は開示されていない。   For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a tunnel construction method including installation of a waterproof sheet. According to it, spray concrete is sprayed on the ground excavation surface of the tunnel. A mold is installed so as to face the shotcrete, and a waterproof sheet is stretched on the outer peripheral surface of the mold. Next, the waterproof sheet is fixed to the backfill material by filling the gap between the shotcrete and the waterproof sheet with a solidifying backfill material. This backfill material is the primary lining. After that, the secondary lining concrete is placed. Thus, the waterproof sheet is embedded so as to be sandwiched between the primary lining and the secondary lining. Details about the material and structure of the waterproof sheet are not disclosed.

特許文献２には、ＮＡＴＭ工法等に適用される防水シートが開示されている。この防水シートは、不透水性シート部と透水性シート部を積層したものである。透水性シート部は、２つの不織布層の間に網状体層を挟んだ３層構造になっている。透水性シート部が一次覆工に面し、不透水性シート部が二次覆工に面している。この防水シートによれば、地山からの湧水がニ次覆工へ流れ込むのを防止できるだけでなく、透水性シート部が湧水の通り道になることで円滑に排水できる。特に、一次覆工と接する表層の不織布層が土砂等で詰まったとしても、網状体層によって湧水の通り道を確保できる。   Patent Document 2 discloses a waterproof sheet applied to the NATM construction method and the like. This waterproof sheet is a laminate of a water-impermeable sheet portion and a water-permeable sheet portion. The water-permeable sheet portion has a three-layer structure in which a network layer is sandwiched between two nonwoven fabric layers. The water-permeable sheet part faces the primary lining and the water-impermeable sheet part faces the secondary lining. According to this waterproof sheet, not only the spring water from the natural mountain can be prevented from flowing into the secondary lining, but also the water-permeable sheet portion can be smoothly drained by becoming a path for the spring water. In particular, even if the surface non-woven fabric layer in contact with the primary lining is clogged with earth or sand, a path for spring water can be secured by the mesh layer.

特許第４０４４７１９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4044719 特開平０１−１１１９９９号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-111999

ＮＡＴＭ工法等の旧来のトンネル施工方法においては、通常、釘によって防水シートを一次覆工コンクリートに止める。
一方、特許文献１においては、釘に代えて、裏込め材によって防水シートを固着するものである。この特許文献１の工法に特許文献２の防水シートを適用した場合、凝固前の裏込め材が、表層の不織布層の内部に入り込み、更には網状体層の内部にも簡単に入り込む。そして、裏込め材が凝固して湧水の通り道を塞ぐことで、排水機能が失われる可能性がある。
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、トンネルにおける一次覆工と二次覆工との間に設けられる防水シートにおいて、裏込め材で固着する工法に適用した場合でも透水性シート部の排水機能を維持できる防水シートを提供することを目的とする。 In conventional tunnel construction methods such as the NATM construction method, the waterproof sheet is usually fixed to the primary lining concrete with nails.
On the other hand, in patent document 1, it replaces with a nail and fixes a waterproof sheet with a backfilling material. When the waterproof sheet of Patent Document 2 is applied to the method of Patent Document 1, the backfill material before solidification enters the surface of the nonwoven fabric layer, and further easily enters the inside of the network layer. And the drainage function may be lost because the backfill material solidifies and blocks the passage of spring water.
In view of such circumstances, the present invention maintains the drainage function of the water-permeable sheet portion even when applied to a method of fixing with a backfill material in a waterproof sheet provided between a primary lining and a secondary lining in a tunnel. An object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet that can be used.

前記問題点を解決するために、本発明は、トンネルにおける一次覆工と二次覆工との間に設けられる防水シートであって、
前記二次覆工に面する不透水性シート部と、前記不透水性シート部に積層された透水性シート部とを備え、前記透水性シート部が、
前記一次覆工に面する第１透水層と、
前記第１透水層に積層された第２透水層と、
前記第２透水層と前記不透水性シート部との間に積層された第３透水層と、
を含み、前記第２透水層が、前記第１透水層及び前記第３透水層よりも低い透水性を有していることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a waterproof sheet provided between a primary lining and a secondary lining in a tunnel,
A water-impermeable sheet portion facing the secondary lining, and a water-permeable sheet portion laminated on the water-impermeable sheet portion, the water-permeable sheet portion,
A first water permeable layer facing the primary lining;
A second water permeable layer laminated on the first water permeable layer;
A third water permeable layer laminated between the second water permeable layer and the water impermeable sheet portion;
The second water permeable layer has a lower water permeability than the first water permeable layer and the third water permeable layer.

好適には、前記防水シートは、トンネルの吹付コンクリートに隙間を介して面するように配置され、前記隙間に充填された裏込め材からなる一次覆工に固着される。
この防水シートによれば、裏込め材の充填時に、裏込め材が第１透水層に入り込む。このとき、低透水性の第２透水層によって、裏込め材が第３透水層まで入り込むのを阻止又は抑制できる。やがて、裏込め材が凝固する。第１透水層に入り込んだ裏込め材も凝固する。これによって、裏込め材すなわち一次覆工と防水シートとを確実に固着させることができる。
地山からの湧水が、一次覆工を通って防水シートまで浸透して来たときは、不透水性シート部によって二次覆工への透水を阻止できるだけでなく、透水性シート部を排水路として排水できる。特に、透水性シート部のうち第３透水層を排水路として確実に機能させることができる。例えば、乾燥収縮や地震等によって、ヘアークラックが、一次覆工を横切って防水シートに達するように形成されたときは、ヘアークラックが湧水の通り道になることで、防水シートに湧水の水圧がかかる。この水圧が或る大きさを越えると、湧水が第２透水層を厚み方向に透過して、第３透水層に流入する。これによって、第３透水層を排水路として確実に排水できる。
さらに、湧水中に土砂や石灰等の固形成分が混じっていたときは、第２透水層によって固形成分を捕捉できる。したがって、第３透水層の目詰まりを長期間にわたって防止又は抑制でき、排水機能を確実に維持することができる。 Suitably, the said waterproof sheet is arrange | positioned so that the spray concrete of a tunnel may face through a clearance gap, and it adheres to the primary lining which consists of a backfill material with which the said clearance gap was filled.
According to this waterproof sheet, the backfill material enters the first water permeable layer when the backfill material is filled. At this time, it is possible to prevent or suppress the backfill material from entering the third water permeable layer by the low water permeable second water permeable layer. Eventually, the backfill material solidifies. The backfill material that has entered the first water permeable layer also solidifies. Thereby, the backfilling material, that is, the primary lining and the waterproof sheet can be securely fixed.
When spring water from a natural mountain has permeated to the waterproof sheet through the primary lining, not only can the water impervious sheet be used to block the secondary lining but also drain the permeable sheet. Can drain as a road. In particular, the third water permeable layer of the water permeable sheet portion can function reliably as a drainage channel. For example, when a hair crack is formed to reach the waterproof sheet across the primary lining due to drying shrinkage, earthquake, etc., the water pressure on the waterproof sheet is increased by the hair crack becoming the path of the spring. It takes. When the water pressure exceeds a certain level, the spring water passes through the second water permeable layer in the thickness direction and flows into the third water permeable layer. Thus, the third water permeable layer can be reliably drained as a drainage channel.
Furthermore, when solid components such as earth and sand and lime are mixed in the spring water, the solid components can be captured by the second water permeable layer. Therefore, clogging of the third water permeable layer can be prevented or suppressed over a long period of time, and the drainage function can be reliably maintained.

前記第２透水層の厚みが、前記透水性シート部の厚みの０．０３倍〜０．３倍であることが好ましい。
これによって、加工性及び品質の安定性を確保できるとともに、価格の上昇を抑えることができる。 It is preferable that the thickness of the second water permeable layer is 0.03 to 0.3 times the thickness of the water permeable sheet portion.
As a result, processability and stability of quality can be ensured, and an increase in price can be suppressed.

本発明の防水シートによれば、裏込め材で固着するトンネル工法に適用した場合でも透水性シート部の排水機能を維持することができる。   According to the waterproof sheet of the present invention, the drainage function of the water-permeable sheet portion can be maintained even when applied to a tunnel construction method that is fixed with a backfill material.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る防水シートを含むトンネルの正面断面図である。FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a tunnel including a waterproof sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、図１の円部ＩＩの拡大断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the circle II in FIG.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面にしたがって説明する。
図１に示すように、地山２が掘削されてトンネル１が形成されている。トンネル１は、地山２側から吹付コンクリート３と、一次覆工４と、防水シート５と、二次覆工６を含む。地山掘削面２ａに吹付コンクリート３が吹き付けられている。一次覆工４は、例えばモルタル４ｂからなる凝固性の裏込め材である。一次覆工４に防水シート５が固着されている。防水シート５が一次覆工４と二次覆工６との間に挟まれている。二次覆工６は、鉄筋コンクリート又は無筋コンクリートにて構成されている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a natural ground 2 is excavated to form a tunnel 1. The tunnel 1 includes sprayed concrete 3, a primary lining 4, a waterproof sheet 5, and a secondary lining 6 from the ground 2 side. The shotcrete 3 is sprayed on the natural ground excavation surface 2a. The primary lining 4 is a solidifying backfill material made of, for example, mortar 4b. A waterproof sheet 5 is fixed to the primary lining 4. A waterproof sheet 5 is sandwiched between the primary lining 4 and the secondary lining 6. The secondary lining 6 is made of reinforced concrete or unreinforced concrete.

図２に示すように、防水シート５は、不透水性シート部１０と透水性シート部２０との積層構造になっている。不透水性シート部１０は、二次覆工６側へ向けられ、透水性シート部２０は、一次覆工４側へ向けられている。防水シート５の大きさは、特に限定はないが、従来の一般的な防水シートと同サイズにしてもよい。例えば、単数では幅１６００ｍｍ〜２２００ｍｍ程度、複数枚を継ぎ足すように接合一体化した状態では幅３２００ｍｍ〜１１０００ｍｍ程度が好適である。これによって、従来の一般的な防水シートと同じ使い具合にできる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the waterproof sheet 5 has a laminated structure of a water-impermeable sheet portion 10 and a water-permeable sheet portion 20. The water-impermeable sheet portion 10 is directed to the secondary lining 6 side, and the water-permeable sheet portion 20 is directed to the primary lining 4 side. The size of the waterproof sheet 5 is not particularly limited, but may be the same size as a conventional general waterproof sheet. For example, a width of about 1600 mm to 2200 mm is preferable for a single unit, and a width of about 3200 mm to 11000 mm is preferable for a state in which a plurality of sheets are joined and integrated. As a result, it can be used in the same manner as a conventional general waterproof sheet.

不透水性シート部１０は、高い不透水性を有している。これによって、地山２からの湧水をトンネル１内に流入させない防水機能を担っている。
不透水性シート部１０の材質は、例えばエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂（ＥＶＡ）、ポリオレフィン樹脂等が挙げられる。ポリオレフィン樹脂としては、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）やポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）等の完全非極性のポリオレフィン樹脂が挙げられる。さらに、ＰＥやＰＰにアクリル酸や無水マレイン酸などの極性基（カルボキシル基）をグラフト重合させて極性を持たせることで接着性を付与させた変性ポリオレフィン樹脂を用いてもよい。 The impermeable sheet portion 10 has high water impermeability. Thus, it has a waterproof function that prevents the spring water from the natural ground 2 from flowing into the tunnel 1.
Examples of the material of the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 include ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA) and polyolefin resin. Examples of the polyolefin resin include completely nonpolar polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Further, a modified polyolefin resin in which adhesion is imparted by graft polymerization of a polar group (carboxyl group) such as acrylic acid or maleic anhydride to PE or PP may be used.

不透水性シート部１０における一次覆工４側を向く面（図２において上面）に透水性シート部２０が積層されている。透水性シート部２０は、凸凹状の地山掘削面２ａ（図１）と不透水性シート部１０との間の緩衝機能と、一次覆工４との固着性能と、排水機能を担っている。   The water-permeable sheet part 20 is laminated | stacked on the surface (upper surface in FIG. 2) which faces the primary lining 4 side in the water-impermeable sheet part 10. As shown in FIG. The water-permeable sheet part 20 has a buffering function between the uneven ground excavation surface 2a (FIG. 1) and the water-impermeable sheet part 10, a fixing performance with the primary lining 4, and a drainage function. .

透水性シート部２０は、第１透水層２１と、第２透水層２２と、第３透水層２３を含む。表層の第１透水層２１は、一次覆工４に面することで、一次覆工４と固着されている。第１透水層２１の不透水性シート部１０側（図２において下側）に第２透水層２２が積層されている。第２透水層２２と不透水性シート部１０との間に第３透水層２３が積層されている。   The water permeable sheet portion 20 includes a first water permeable layer 21, a second water permeable layer 22, and a third water permeable layer 23. The first permeable layer 21 of the surface layer is fixed to the primary lining 4 by facing the primary lining 4. The 2nd water permeable layer 22 is laminated | stacked on the water-impermeable sheet | seat part 10 side (lower side in FIG. 2) of the 1st water permeable layer 21. FIG. A third water permeable layer 23 is laminated between the second water permeable layer 22 and the impermeable sheet portion 10.

第１透水層２１は、低密度で高透水性の不織布にて構成されている。第１透水層２１の透水係数は、好ましくは２．００×１０−１ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ〜８．５０×１０−１ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ程度である。
なお、この明細書において、透水係数の測定法は、定水位法による（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２１８）。
第１透水層２１の厚みは、一次覆工４との固着性能及び緩衝性能等を考慮して、３ｍｍ程度が好ましい。 The 1st water-permeable layer 21 is comprised with the low density and the highly water-permeable nonwoven fabric. Permeability of the first permeable layer 21 is preferably 2.00 × 10 -1 cm / sec~8.50 × about 10 -1 cm / sec.
In this specification, the method for measuring the hydraulic conductivity is based on the constant water level method (JIS A 1218).
The thickness of the first water permeable layer 21 is preferably about 3 mm in consideration of the fixing performance with the primary lining 4 and the buffer performance.

第２透水層２２は、高密度の不織布にて構成され、極めて透水性が低い。要するに、第２透水層２２は、第１透水層２１よりも透水性が低く、更に第３透水層２３よりも透水性が低い。第２透水層２２の透水係数は、好ましくは１×１０−２ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ〜１．５×１０−１ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ程度である。
第２透水層２２の厚みは、透水性シート部２０全体の厚みの０．０３倍〜０．３倍程度が好適であり、透水性シート部２０全体の厚みの０．０５倍〜０．２倍程度がより好適である。０．０３倍を下回ると、加工が難しくなり、かつ品質を安定させにくくなる。０．３倍を超えると、透水性シート部２０の厚みが増え、価格が高くなる。 The 2nd water-permeable layer 22 is comprised with a high-density nonwoven fabric, and its water permeability is very low. In short, the second water permeable layer 22 has lower water permeability than the first water permeable layer 21 and further has lower water permeability than the third water permeable layer 23. The water permeability coefficient of the second water permeable layer 22 is preferably about 1 × 10 −2 cm / sec to 1.5 × 10 −1 cm / sec.
The thickness of the second water permeable layer 22 is preferably about 0.03 to 0.3 times the thickness of the entire water permeable sheet portion 20, and 0.05 to 0.2 times the thickness of the entire water permeable sheet portion 20. About double is more preferable. If it is less than 0.03 times, the processing becomes difficult and the quality becomes difficult to stabilize. When 0.3 times is exceeded, the thickness of the water-permeable sheet part 20 will increase, and a price will become high.

第３透水層２３は、低密度で高透水性の不織布にて構成されている。第３透水層２３の透水係数は、好ましくは２．００×１０−１ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ〜８．５０×１０−１ｃｍ／ｓｅｃ程度である。
第３透水層２３の厚みは、排水性能及び緩衝性能等を考慮して、３ｍｍ程度が好ましい。 The 3rd water-permeable layer 23 is comprised by the low density and the highly water-permeable nonwoven fabric. Permeability of the third permeable layer 23 is preferably 2.00 × 10 -1 cm / sec~8.50 × about 10 -1 cm / sec.
The thickness of the third water permeable layer 23 is preferably about 3 mm in consideration of drainage performance and buffer performance.

透水層２１，２２，２３を構成する不織布の材質は、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレン等の化学繊維でもよく、ヤシがら、綿、麻、羊毛、絹等の天然繊維でもよく、ガラス、炭素、金属、セラミック等の無機繊維でもよい。より好ましくは化学繊維である。   The material of the nonwoven fabric constituting the water permeable layers 21, 22, 23 may be a chemical fiber such as polyester or polypropylene, or may be a natural fiber such as palm, cotton, hemp, wool or silk, glass, carbon, metal, ceramic, etc. Inorganic fiber may be used. More preferably, it is a chemical fiber.

透水層２１，２２，２３の製造方法としては、例えば繊維を多数のノズルから噴出して風、水、静電気等で絡める方法、ニードルパンチ法、スパンボンド法等を適用できる。
透水層２１，２３をニードルパンチ法で作製し、第２透水層２２をスパンボンド法で作製してもよい。透水層２１，２２，２３を共にニードルパンチ法で作製してもよい。 As a method for producing the water permeable layers 21, 22, and 23, for example, a method in which fibers are ejected from a large number of nozzles and entangled with wind, water, static electricity, or the like, a needle punch method, a spunbond method, or the like can be applied.
The water permeable layers 21 and 23 may be produced by a needle punch method, and the second water permeable layer 22 may be produced by a spunbond method. Both the water permeable layers 21, 22, and 23 may be produced by a needle punch method.

ニードルパンチ法では、高速で上下するフェルト針を繊維に繰り返し打ち込んで、繊維を絡める。打ち込み回数によって、透水係数を調整できる。透水層２１，２３を作製する場合は、打ち込み回数を例えば６回／ｃｍ２〜１６回／ｃｍ２に設定することが好ましい。これによって、透水係数が高い不織布を得ることができる。第２透水層２２を作製する場合は、打ち込み回数を例えば２０回／ｃｍ２〜３０回／ｃｍ２に設定することが好ましい。これによって、透水係数が低い不織布を得ることができる。 In the needle punch method, felt needles that move up and down at a high speed are repeatedly driven into the fiber to entangle the fiber. The hydraulic conductivity can be adjusted by the number of times of driving. When producing the water-permeable layers 21 and 23, it is preferable to set the number of times of implantation to, for example, 6 times / cm 2 to 16 times / cm 2 . Thereby, a nonwoven fabric with a high water permeability coefficient can be obtained. When fabricating a second water-permeable layer 22, it is preferable to set the number of times driving for example 20 times / cm 2 to 30 times / cm 2. As a result, a nonwoven fabric having a low water permeability can be obtained.

スパンボンド法は、繊維同士を熱圧着するために、不織布の厚みが薄くなり、かつ透水係数が低くなる。したがって、第２透水層２２の作製に適している。熱圧着の熱量によって透水係数を調整できる。   In the spunbond method, since the fibers are thermocompression bonded, the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is reduced and the water permeability is reduced. Therefore, it is suitable for producing the second water permeable layer 22. The water permeability coefficient can be adjusted by the heat quantity of thermocompression bonding.

第１透水層２１と第２透水層２２とは、全面的に接合一体化されている。
第２透水層２２と第３透水層２３とは、全面的に接合一体化されている。
ニードルパンチ法で、透水層２１，２２，２３となる繊維を順次積層しながらフェルト針を打ち込むことで、透水層２１，２２，２３を一体に作製してよい。 The first water permeable layer 21 and the second water permeable layer 22 are joined and integrated over the entire surface.
The second water permeable layer 22 and the third water permeable layer 23 are joined and integrated over the entire surface.
The water permeable layers 21, 22, and 23 may be integrally formed by driving a felt needle while sequentially laminating fibers that become the water permeable layers 21, 22, and 23 by a needle punch method.

第３透水層２３と不透水性シート部１０、ひいては透水性シート部２０と不透水性シート部１０とは、側端部を除き全面的又は部分的に接合一体化されている。透水性シート部２０と不透水性シート部１０の側端部どうしは、先行又は後続の防水シート５との継ぎ足しのために自由（非接合）になっている。
３つの透水層２１，２２，２３を全面的に接合一体化することによって、４層構造の防水シート５を展張する際、従来の２層構造の防水シートと同様に作業できる。 The third water-permeable layer 23 and the water-impermeable sheet portion 10, and the water-permeable sheet portion 20 and the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 are joined and integrated entirely or partially except for the side end portions. The side end portions of the water-permeable sheet portion 20 and the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 are free (non-joined) for addition to the preceding or subsequent waterproof sheet 5.
The three water permeable layers 21, 22, and 23 are joined and integrated over the entire surface, so that when the waterproof sheet 5 having the four-layer structure is expanded, the work can be performed in the same manner as the conventional waterproof sheet having the two-layer structure.

不透水性シート部１０と透水性シート部２０との接合方法は、特に限定はなく、公知の接合方法を適用することができる。例えば、ホットメルト接着法を適用してもよい。すなわち、不透水性シート部１０と透水性シート部２０との間にホットメルト樹脂及びホットエアーを供出し、不透水性シート部１０及び第３透水層２３どうしの対向する表面の一部を溶融させ、更に不透水性シート部１０及び透水性シート部２０どうしを圧着させて接合させる。
ホットメルト接着剤以外の接着剤によって不透水性シート部１０及び透水性シート部２０どうしを接合一体化してもよい。 The joining method of the water-impermeable sheet part 10 and the water-permeable sheet part 20 is not particularly limited, and a known joining method can be applied. For example, a hot melt bonding method may be applied. That is, hot melt resin and hot air are supplied between the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 and the water-permeable sheet portion 20, and a part of the opposed surfaces of the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 and the third water-permeable layer 23 is melted. Further, the water-impermeable sheet portion 10 and the water-permeable sheet portion 20 are bonded to each other by pressure bonding.
The water-impermeable sheet portion 10 and the water-permeable sheet portion 20 may be joined and integrated with an adhesive other than the hot melt adhesive.

トンネル１は、次のようにして施工される。
図１に示すように、地山２を掘削し、地山掘削面２ａに吹付コンクリート３を吹き付ける。
次に、吹付コンクリート３の内周壁３ａに沿う型枠（図示省略）上に防水シート５を張設する。防水シート５と吹付コンクリート３との間には隙間４ａを設ける。隙間４ａを介して、防水シート５の透水性シート部２０が吹付コンクリート３と面するようにする。不透水性シート部１０は前記型枠に向ける。 The tunnel 1 is constructed as follows.
As shown in FIG. 1, a natural ground 2 is excavated and sprayed concrete 3 is sprayed on the natural ground excavation surface 2a.
Next, the waterproof sheet 5 is stretched on a mold (not shown) along the inner peripheral wall 3 a of the shotcrete 3. A gap 4 a is provided between the waterproof sheet 5 and the shotcrete 3. The water-permeable sheet portion 20 of the waterproof sheet 5 faces the shotcrete 3 through the gap 4a. The water-impermeable sheet portion 10 faces the mold.

次に、隙間４ａに一次覆工４となるモルタル４ｂ（裏込め材）を充填する。このとき、モルタル４ｂは、高透水性の第１透水層２１に簡単に入り込むことができる。一方、モルタル４ｂは、低透水性の第２透水層２２にはなかなか入り込めない。これによって、モルタル４ｂが第３透水層２３まで入り込むのを阻止又は抑制できる。したがって、第３透水層２３の目詰まりを防止することができる。
モルタル４ｂの養生中、モルタル４ｂ中の水分は、透水性シート部２０を通って外部へ排出される。これによって、モルタル４ｂの水セメント比Ｗ／Ｃを低下させて品質を高めることができる。 Next, the gap 4a is filled with mortar 4b (backing material) to be the primary lining 4. At this time, the mortar 4b can easily enter the first water-permeable layer 21 having high water permeability. On the other hand, the mortar 4b cannot easily enter the second water permeable layer 22 having low water permeability. Thereby, it is possible to prevent or suppress the mortar 4b from entering the third water-permeable layer 23. Therefore, clogging of the third water permeable layer 23 can be prevented.
During the curing of the mortar 4b, the moisture in the mortar 4b is discharged to the outside through the water permeable sheet portion 20. Thereby, the water cement ratio W / C of the mortar 4b can be lowered and the quality can be improved.

やがて、モルタル４ｂが凝固する。第１透水層２１に入り込んだモルタル４ｂも凝固する。これによって、一次覆工４と防水シート５とを確実に固着させることができる。
さらに、二次覆工６を構築する。 Eventually, the mortar 4b solidifies. The mortar 4b that has entered the first water permeable layer 21 is also solidified. Thereby, the primary lining 4 and the waterproof sheet 5 can be reliably fixed.
Furthermore, the secondary lining 6 is constructed.

トンネル１において、地山２からの湧水が、一次覆工４を通って防水シート５まで浸透して来たときは、不透水性シート部１０によって二次覆工６への透水を阻止できるだけでなく、透水性シート部２０を排水路として排水できる。特に、透水性シート部２０のうち第３透水層２３を排水路として確実に機能させて排水できる。
例えば、乾燥収縮や地震等によって、ヘアークラックが、一次覆工４を横切って防水シート５に達するように形成されたときは、ヘアークラックが湧水の通り道になることで、防水シート５に湧水の水圧がかかる。この水圧が或る大きさを越えると、湧水が第２透水層２２を厚み方向に透過して、第３透水層２３に流入する。これによって、第３透水層２３を排水路として確実に排水できる。
さらに、湧水中に土砂や石灰等の固形成分が混じっていたときは、第２透水層２２によって固形成分を捕捉できる。したがって、第３透水層２３の目詰まりを長期間にわたって防止又は抑制でき、排水機能を確実に維持することができる。 In the tunnel 1, when the spring water from the natural ground 2 has permeated through the primary lining 4 to the waterproof sheet 5, the impervious sheet portion 10 can prevent water penetration to the secondary lining 6. Instead, the water-permeable sheet part 20 can be drained as a drainage channel. In particular, the third water permeable layer 23 of the water permeable sheet portion 20 can function reliably as a drainage channel and can be drained.
For example, when a hair crack is formed so as to cross the primary lining 4 and reach the waterproof sheet 5 due to drying shrinkage, earthquake, etc., the hair crack becomes a passage of spring water, and thus the waterproof sheet 5 springs. Water pressure is applied. When the water pressure exceeds a certain level, the spring water passes through the second water permeable layer 22 in the thickness direction and flows into the third water permeable layer 23. Thereby, the 3rd water permeable layer 23 can be reliably drained as a drainage channel.
Furthermore, when solid components such as earth and sand and lime are mixed in the spring water, the second permeable layer 22 can capture the solid components. Therefore, clogging of the third water permeable layer 23 can be prevented or suppressed over a long period of time, and the drainage function can be reliably maintained.

本発明は、前記実施形態に限られず、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々の改変をなすことができる。
例えば、防水シート５は、ＮＡＴＭ工法等の旧来のトンネルの防水シートとして用いてもよい。旧来のトンネル工法において、防水シート５を釘等の定着手段で一次覆工に止着してもよい。
第１透水層２１は、モルタル４ｂ（裏込め材）が浸透する程度の透水性があればよい。第１透水層２１の透水係数は、第２透水層２２の透水係数よりも高ければよく、第３透水層２３の透水係数よりも低くてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the waterproof sheet 5 may be used as a waterproof sheet for a conventional tunnel such as the NATM method. In the conventional tunnel construction method, the waterproof sheet 5 may be fixed to the primary lining by fixing means such as a nail.
The 1st water-permeable layer 21 should just have the water permeability of the grade which mortar 4b (backing material) penetrate | infiltrates. The water permeability coefficient of the first water permeable layer 21 only needs to be higher than the water permeability coefficient of the second water permeable layer 22, and may be lower than the water permeability coefficient of the third water permeable layer 23.

本発明は、例えばトンネルの内壁の防水構造に適用できる。   The present invention can be applied to a waterproof structure of an inner wall of a tunnel, for example.

１ トンネル
２ 地山
２ａ 地山掘削面
３ 吹付コンクリート
３ａ 内周壁
４ 一次覆工
４ａ 隙間
４ｂ モルタル（裏込め材）
５ 防水シート
６ 二次覆工
１０ 不透水性シート部
２０ 透水性シート部
２１ 第１透水層
２２ 第２透水層
２３ 第３透水層 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel 2 Ground mountain 2a Ground mountain excavation surface 3 Shotcrete 3a Inner peripheral wall 4 Primary lining 4a Crevice 4b Mortar (backing material)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Waterproof sheet 6 Secondary lining 10 Water-impermeable sheet part 20 Water-permeable sheet part 21 1st water permeable layer 22 2nd water permeable layer 23 3rd water permeable layer

Claims (2)

トンネルにおける一次覆工と二次覆工との間に設けられる防水シートであって、
前記二次覆工に面する不透水性シート部と、前記不透水性シート部に積層された透水性シート部とを備え、前記透水性シート部が、
前記一次覆工に面する第１透水層と、
前記第１透水層に積層された第２透水層と、
前記第２透水層と前記不透水性シート部との間に積層された第３透水層と、
を含み、前記第２透水層が、前記第１透水層及び前記第３透水層よりも低い透水性を有していることを特徴とする防水シート。 A waterproof sheet provided between a primary lining and a secondary lining in a tunnel,
A water-impermeable sheet portion facing the secondary lining, and a water-permeable sheet portion laminated on the water-impermeable sheet portion, the water-permeable sheet portion,
A first water permeable layer facing the primary lining;
A second water permeable layer laminated on the first water permeable layer;
A third water permeable layer laminated between the second water permeable layer and the water impermeable sheet portion;
The waterproof sheet is characterized in that the second water permeable layer has lower water permeability than the first water permeable layer and the third water permeable layer. 前記第２透水層の厚みが、前記透水性シート部の厚みの０．０３倍〜０．３倍であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の防水シート。   The waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second water permeable layer is 0.03 to 0.3 times a thickness of the water permeable sheet portion.
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WO1987004756A1 (en) * 1986-02-11 1987-08-13 Bergab-Berggeologiska Undersökningar Ab System for the insulation of mining installations and a method for implementing the system
JPH01111999A (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-28 Fujimori Kogyo Kk Waterproof sheet
JPH06106517A (en) * 1992-09-25 1994-04-19 Toray Ind Inc Concrete form lining material, concrete form, and production of secondary concrete product
JP2001329459A (en) * 2000-05-22 2001-11-27 Toyobo Co Ltd Nonwoven fabric sheet and method for producing the same
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019173441A (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-10 株式会社ケー・エフ・シー Tunnel drainage material and tunnel structure

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