JP2017048421A

JP2017048421A - Charge and deposition method of charging material to blast furnace, surface monitor of charging material and operation method of blast furnace

Info

Publication number: JP2017048421A
Application number: JP2015172030A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 早衛萱野; Hayae Kayano
Original assignee: Wadeco Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wadeco Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-09-01
Filing date: 2015-09-01
Publication date: 2017-03-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-01
Also published as: JP6595265B2

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify an angle variable system of a reflector plate for two-dimensionally scanning transmission wave in a surface monitor for detecting a surface profile of a charging material as a plane, and to measure the surface profile more precisely and quickly.SOLUTION: A device configuration is simplified by connecting an antenna and a reflector plate with a connection component and operating to revolve to a same direction by a waveguide revolving means, and by making a structure such that a slant of the reflector plate to the antenna side and to a blast furnace side is conducted by the reflector plate slant means. Detection wave scans the surface of the charging material in a concentric or helical manner about an axis of the blast furnace.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、マイクロ波やミリ波等の検出波を高炉内に送信し、炉内に装入された鉄鉱石やコークスで反射された検出波を受信して、装入物の表面プロフィールを検出する装置に関する。また、本発明は、高炉に装入される鉄鉱石やコークスの堆積プロフィールを制御する技術に関する。 The present invention transmits detection waves such as microwaves and millimeter waves into the blast furnace, receives detection waves reflected by iron ore and coke charged in the furnace, and detects the surface profile of the charge. It is related with the apparatus to do. The present invention also relates to a technique for controlling the deposition profile of iron ore and coke charged in a blast furnace.

高炉では、炉内に装入された鉄鉱石やコークスの表面プロフィールを検出するために、鉄鉱石やコークスの表面に検出波を送信し（送信波）、鉄鉱石やコークスで反射された検出波（反射波）を受信し、送信波と反射波との時間差等から鉄鉱石やコークスまでの距離や表面のプロフィールを検出することが行われている。尚、検出波としては、高温で使用でき、炉内の浮遊物や水蒸気等の影響を受けにくいことから、マイクロ波やミリ波が使用されている。 In the blast furnace, in order to detect the surface profile of iron ore and coke charged in the furnace, a detection wave is transmitted to the surface of the iron ore and coke (transmitted wave), and the detection wave reflected by the iron ore and coke. (Reflected wave) is received, and the distance to the iron ore and coke and the profile of the surface are detected from the time difference between the transmitted wave and the reflected wave. As the detection wave, a microwave or a millimeter wave is used because it can be used at a high temperature and is not easily affected by suspended matter or water vapor in the furnace.

表面検出装置として、例えば特許文献１では、図９に示すように、高炉６の内部に挿入されるランス１の先端開口近傍にアンテナ２を通じて、マイクロ波送受信手段３からのマイクロ波を炉内の装入物７（鉄鉱石７ａまたはコークス７ｂ）に向けて送信し、装入物７の表面で反射されたマイクロ波をアンテナ２で受信してマイクロ波送受信手段３で検波し、送信と受信との時間差から装入物７の表面までの距離を求めている。その際、ランス１を炉壁５から、高炉６の軸線４に向かって往復させることにより、装入物７の堆積プロフィールを求めている。装入物７の堆積状態は、図示されるように、高炉６の軸線４上が最も深く、炉壁５に向かって徐々に浅くなる逆釣鐘状を呈しており、走査位置毎に装入物７までの距離を測定することにより、装入物７の表面プロフィールを線状（２次元的）に検出することができる。 As a surface detection device, for example, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the microwave from the microwave transmission / reception means 3 is passed through the antenna 2 near the tip opening of the lance 1 inserted into the blast furnace 6. Transmitting toward the charge 7 (iron ore 7a or coke 7b), receiving the microwave reflected by the surface of the charge 7 by the antenna 2, detecting it by the microwave transmitting / receiving means 3, and transmitting and receiving The distance to the surface of the charge 7 is obtained from the time difference between. At this time, the deposition profile of the charge 7 is obtained by reciprocating the lance 1 from the furnace wall 5 toward the axis 4 of the blast furnace 6. As shown in the figure, the accumulation state of the charge 7 is in the shape of a reverse bell that is deepest on the axis 4 of the blast furnace 6 and gradually becomes shallower toward the furnace wall 5. By measuring the distance to 7, the surface profile of the charge 7 can be detected linearly (two-dimensionally).

しかし、特許文献１の検出装置では、ランス１を平行移動するだけであるから、装入物７の表面プロフィールを線状にしか検出できない。また、ランス１は、炉の半径ほどの長尺物であり、自重により下方に垂れ下がって炉から抜けなくなったり、移動のためのストロークも長く炉外に大きなスペースが必要になる。更には、ランス１を移動するための駆動ユニットも必要になる。 However, since the detection apparatus of Patent Document 1 only moves the lance 1 in parallel, the surface profile of the charge 7 can be detected only in a linear shape. Further, the lance 1 is a long object about the radius of the furnace and hangs down by its own weight and cannot be removed from the furnace, or a long stroke for movement requires a large space outside the furnace. Furthermore, a drive unit for moving the lance 1 is also required.

そこで、本出願人は先に特許文献２において、図１０に示すように、高炉６の炉頂付近に設けた開口部６ａの直上に反射板１２０を配設し、反射板１２０と対向してアンテナ１１１を配設し、送受信手段１１０からの検出波Ｍをアンテナ１１１から送信して反射板１２０で反射して炉内に送り、炉内の装入物７（鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂ）で反射された反射波を反射板１２０で反射して送受信手段１１０に送るとともに、反射板１２０に取り付けた角度可変機構（図示せず）により反射板１２０を互いに直交する２方向に回動させることにより、送信波を装入物７の表面を面状に走査させて、表面プロフィールを３次元的に検知する表面検出装置１００を提案している。 In view of this, the present applicant previously arranged a reflector 120 immediately above the opening 6a provided near the top of the blast furnace 6 in Patent Document 2 as shown in FIG. An antenna 111 is provided, a detection wave M from the transmission / reception means 110 is transmitted from the antenna 111, reflected by the reflector 120, and sent to the furnace, and the charge 7 (iron ore 7a or coke 7b) in the furnace. By reflecting the reflected wave reflected by the reflecting plate 120 and sending it to the transmitting / receiving means 110, the reflecting plate 120 is rotated in two directions orthogonal to each other by an angle variable mechanism (not shown) attached to the reflecting plate 120. The surface detection device 100 is proposed that detects the surface profile in a three-dimensional manner by scanning the surface of the charge 7 in a plane shape with a transmission wave.

ところで、高炉を安定して操業するための重要な要因の１つに、炉内のガス流の分布がある。このガス流の分布は、鉄鉱石やコークスの堆積状況と密接な関係があり、通常は、実験によりガス流の分布が最適となる堆積状態、即ち堆積物の傾斜面の角度や、鉄鉱石の堆積層とコークスの堆積層との層厚比等が最適となるような理論堆積プロフィールを求め、実際の堆積状態が理論堆積プロフィールと合致するように大ベル（図９の符号８）やシュータ（図１０の符号１０）動作を制御している。 By the way, one of the important factors for stably operating the blast furnace is the distribution of gas flow in the furnace. This gas flow distribution is closely related to the iron ore and coke deposits, and usually the deposition state where the gas flow distribution is optimal by experiment, that is, the angle of the slope of the deposit, the iron ore A theoretical deposition profile is obtained so that the layer thickness ratio between the deposition layer and the coke deposition layer is optimal, and a large bell (reference numeral 8 in FIG. 9) or a shooter (so that the actual deposition state matches the theoretical deposition profile). Reference numeral 10 in FIG. 10) controls the operation.

そのため、表面プロフィールの測定をより正確に、かつ、迅速に行い、理論堆積プロフィールにより近くなるように装入作業を行うことが要求される。しかし、特許文献１の検出装置では、鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂの装入の際にランス１が障害物になるため、鉄鉱石７ａまたはコークス７ｂを装入している間はランス１を炉外に引き抜く必要があり、一回の装入が完了するまでは鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂの堆積プロフィールを測定することができない。また、ランス１の往復にも時間がかかるため、迅速な測定ができない。更には、表面プロフィールを線状にしか検知できない。そのため、理論堆積プロフィールとの乖離が大きくなっている。 Therefore, it is required to carry out the charging operation so that the measurement of the surface profile is performed more accurately and quickly and closer to the theoretical deposition profile. However, in the detection device of Patent Document 1, since the lance 1 becomes an obstacle when the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b are charged, the lance 1 is removed from the furnace while the iron ore 7a or the coke 7b is charged. The deposition profile of the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b cannot be measured until one charge is completed. In addition, since the reciprocation of the lance 1 also takes time, quick measurement cannot be performed. Furthermore, the surface profile can only be detected linearly. For this reason, the deviation from the theoretical deposition profile is large.

また、特許文献２の表面検出装置も、角度可変機構において反射板１２０を２方向に回動させるため、装置構成及びその制御が複雑であり、回動動作の高速化に改善の余地がある。しかも、図１０に示すように、表面検出装置１００は、シュータ１０を避けるために、高炉６の軸線Ｃからある程度離れて設置される。そのため、図示されるように、検出波Ｍは装入物７に対して斜め上方から送信され、炉頂から装入物７の表面を見ると、図１１（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように、検出波Ｍは装入物７の表面では楕円状（点線）に走査する。そのため、同図（Ａ）に示すように、楕円の外側に走査されない領域Ａ（ハッチングで示す）が発生する。また、装入物７の全面を走査しようとすると、同図（Ｂ）に示すように、走査範囲（点線で示す）が装入物７よりも楕円状に広くなり、無駄なサンプリング領域Ｂ（ハッチングで示す）が発生して走査時間を浪費している。 Further, the surface detection device of Patent Document 2 also rotates the reflector 120 in two directions in the angle variable mechanism, so that the device configuration and its control are complicated, and there is room for improvement in speeding up the rotation operation. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 10, the surface detection device 100 is installed some distance away from the axis C of the blast furnace 6 in order to avoid the shooter 10. Therefore, as shown in the figure, the detection wave M is transmitted obliquely from above to the charge 7, and when the surface of the charge 7 is viewed from the top of the furnace, as shown in FIGS. 11 (A) and 11 (B). In addition, the detection wave M scans in an elliptical shape (dotted line) on the surface of the charge 7. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6A, a region A (shown by hatching) that is not scanned outside the ellipse is generated. If the entire surface of the charge 7 is to be scanned, as shown in FIG. 5B, the scanning range (shown by a dotted line) becomes wider in an elliptical shape than the charge 7, and the useless sampling area B ( (Indicated by hatching) occurs and the scan time is wasted.

図１２に示すように、例えば鉄鉱石７ａを装入する場合、予め堆積している鉄鉱石７ａの堆積プロフィールをＰ０とすると、シュータ１０をＶ方向への回転角度θ１にて旋回させると、新たな鉄鉱石７ａが堆積プロフィールＰ０の上に、シュータ１０の回転角度θ１に応じた位置を起点として堆積されて新たな堆積プロフィールＰ１となる。次いで、シュータ１０をＶ方向への回転角度θ２にて新たに旋回させると、新たな鉄鉱石７ａが堆積プロフィールＰ１の上に、シュータ１０の回転角度θ２に応じた位置を起点として堆積され、堆積プロフィールＰ２となる。このようなシュータ１０の旋回ごとに堆積プロフィールは変化するため、より迅速な走査を行って理論堆積プロフィールと比較し、理論堆積プロフィールにより近づけるようにシュータ１０の旋回様式を制御することが望まれる。 As shown in FIG. 12, for example, when the iron ore 7a is charged, if the deposition profile of the iron ore 7a deposited in advance is P0, the shooter 10 is rotated at the rotation angle θ1 in the V direction. A new iron ore 7a is deposited on the deposition profile P0 starting from a position corresponding to the rotation angle θ1 of the shooter 10 to form a new deposition profile P1. Next, when the shooter 10 is newly turned at a rotation angle θ2 in the V direction, a new iron ore 7a is deposited on the deposition profile P1 with a position corresponding to the rotation angle θ2 of the shooter 10 as a starting point. Profile P2. Since the deposition profile changes with each rotation of the shooter 10 as described above, it is desirable to control the rotation mode of the shooter 10 so as to be closer to the theoretical deposition profile by performing a faster scan and compare with the theoretical deposition profile.

特開平７−３４１０７号公報JP-A-7-34107 特許第５３９１４５８号公報Japanese Patent No. 5391458

そこで本発明は、装入物の表面プロフィールを面状に検出する表面検出装置において、送信波を２次元的に走査するための反射板の角度可変機構を簡素化するとともに、表面プロフィールをより正確に、かつ、迅速に測定することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention simplifies the reflector angle changing mechanism for two-dimensionally scanning the transmission wave in the surface detection device for detecting the surface profile of the charge in a planar shape, and makes the surface profile more accurate. In addition, the purpose is to measure quickly.

上記課題を解決するために本発明は、下記に示す高炉における装入物の表面検出装置を提供する。
（１）高炉に設けた開口部を通じて、送受信手段からの検出波を炉内に送信し、炉内の装入物の表面で反射された検出波を、開口部を通じて送受信手段に送り、送受信手段にて受信して装入物の表面プロフィールを検出する装入物の表面検出装置において、
一端が送受信手段に接続し、他端にアンテナが取り付けられた導波管と、
導波管を、該導波管の軸線を中心に所定角度で回動させる導波管回動手段と、
高炉の開口部の直上に、アンテナと対向して配置される反射板と、
反射板傾斜手段とを備え、
導波管回動手段と反射板傾斜手段とを連動させて、導波管の回動とともに反射板を回動させるとともに、反射面を所定角度でアンテナ側または反アンテナ側に傾斜させ、
装入物の表面を、高炉の軸線を中心に同心円状または螺旋状に走査することを特徴とする装入物の表面検出装置。
（２）高炉に設けた開口部を通じて、送受信手段からの検出波を炉内に送信し、炉内の装入物の表面で反射された検出波を、開口部を通じて送受信手段に送り、送受信手段にて受信して装入物の表面プロフィールを検出する装入物の表面検出装置において、
一端が送受信手段に接続し、他端にアンテナが取り付けられた導波管と、
導波管を、該導波管の軸線を中心に所定角度で回動させる導波管回動手段と、
高炉の開口部の直上に、アンテナと対向して配置される反射板と、
アンテナと、反射板の直径両端に突設した支軸とを連結する連結部材と、
反射板傾斜手段とを備え、
導波管回動手段と反射板傾斜手段とを連動させて、導波管の回動とともに反射板を回動させるとともに、反射面を所定角度でアンテナ側または反アンテナ側に傾斜させ、
装入物の表面を、装入物の直径に相当する最長の線分を中心とし、最長の線分から離れるほど徐々に短くなる線分を平行に、かつ、各線分の両端同士を連結したときにほぼ円を描くように配置した軌跡に沿って走査することを特徴とする装入物の表面検出装置。
（３）シュータにより、鉄鉱石やコークス等の装入物を高炉の内部に装入し、堆積させる方法であって、
上記（１）または（２）記載の表面検出装置を備えるとともに、
検出波により装入物の表面を走査する送受信作業を、シュータの１旋回内もしくは所定旋回回数内に完了し、
シュータの旋回中または所定旋回毎に、装入物の表面プロフィールを測定して装入物を装入することを特徴とする高炉内への装入物の装入及び堆積方法。
（４）表面プロフィールを基に装入物の堆積プロフィールを求め、予め求めた理論堆積プロフィールと比較し、理論堆積プロフィールからの誤差を修正するようにシュータを制御して新たな装入物を装入することを特徴とする上記（３）記載の高炉への装入物の装入及び堆積方法。
（５）上記（３）または（４）に記載の方法により高炉内に装入物を装入し、堆積させて高炉を操業することを特徴とする高炉の操業方法。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the following surface detection device for a charge in a blast furnace.
(1) The detection wave from the transmission / reception means is transmitted into the furnace through the opening provided in the blast furnace, and the detection wave reflected from the surface of the charge in the furnace is transmitted to the transmission / reception means through the opening, thereby transmitting / receiving means. In the charge surface detection device for detecting the surface profile of the charge received at
A waveguide having one end connected to the transmitting / receiving means and an antenna attached to the other end;
A waveguide rotating means for rotating the waveguide at a predetermined angle about the axis of the waveguide;
A reflector disposed directly above the opening of the blast furnace and facing the antenna;
A reflector tilting means,
The waveguide rotating means and the reflecting plate tilting means are interlocked to rotate the reflecting plate as the waveguide rotates, and the reflecting surface is tilted to the antenna side or the non-antenna side at a predetermined angle.
An apparatus for detecting a surface of a charge, wherein the surface of the charge is scanned concentrically or spirally about the axis of the blast furnace.
(2) The detection wave from the transmission / reception means is transmitted into the furnace through the opening provided in the blast furnace, and the detection wave reflected from the surface of the charge in the furnace is transmitted to the transmission / reception means through the opening, and the transmission / reception means In the charge surface detection device for detecting the surface profile of the charge received at
A waveguide having one end connected to the transmitting / receiving means and an antenna attached to the other end;
A waveguide rotating means for rotating the waveguide at a predetermined angle about the axis of the waveguide;
A reflector disposed directly above the opening of the blast furnace and facing the antenna;
A connecting member that connects the antenna and the support shaft protruding from both ends of the diameter of the reflector;
A reflector tilting means,
The waveguide rotating means and the reflecting plate tilting means are interlocked to rotate the reflecting plate as the waveguide rotates, and the reflecting surface is tilted to the antenna side or the non-antenna side at a predetermined angle.
When the surface of the charge is centered on the longest line segment corresponding to the diameter of the charge, the line segments that gradually become shorter as the distance from the longest line segment is parallel, and both ends of each line segment are connected A surface detection device for a charged object, characterized by scanning along a trajectory arranged so as to draw a substantially circular shape.
(3) A method of charging and depositing iron ore, coke and other charges into the blast furnace with a shooter,
While comprising the surface detection device according to (1) or (2) above,
The transmission / reception operation of scanning the surface of the charged object with the detection wave is completed within one or a predetermined number of turns of the shooter,
A method for charging and depositing a charge in a blast furnace, wherein the charge is charged by measuring a surface profile of the charge during turning of the shuter or at every predetermined turn.
(4) Obtain a deposit profile of the charge based on the surface profile, compare it with the previously determined theoretical deposition profile, and control the shooter to correct the error from the theoretical deposition profile and load a new charge. The method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace as described in (3) above, wherein
(5) A method for operating a blast furnace, wherein the charge is charged into the blast furnace by the method described in (3) or (4) above, and the blast furnace is operated by being deposited.

本発明の表面検出装置において、反射板の角度可変機構は、導波管回動手段によりアンテナとともに反射板を回動させ、反射板のアンテナ側または高炉の開口部側への傾斜を別機構（反射板傾斜手段）で行う。そのため、特許文献２のように反射板を２方向に回動させる方式に比べて回動させるための装置や制御が大幅に簡素化されている。また、装入物の表面を、高炉の軸受を中心に同心円状、螺旋状または線状に走査するため、装入物の全表面を過不足なく走査することができ、より正確で、迅速な走査が可能になる。 In the surface detection apparatus of the present invention, the angle changing mechanism of the reflecting plate rotates the reflecting plate together with the antenna by the waveguide rotating means, and separates the tilt of the reflecting plate toward the antenna side or the opening side of the blast furnace. Reflector tilting means). Therefore, the apparatus and control for rotating the reflecting plate in two directions as in Patent Document 2 are greatly simplified. In addition, since the surface of the charge is scanned concentrically, spirally or linearly around the blast furnace bearing, the entire surface of the charge can be scanned without excess or deficiency, making it more accurate and quick. Scanning is possible.

そして、本発明の表面検出装置を用いることにより、シュータが一回転する間にも装入物の表面プロフィールを測定できるため、理論堆積プロフィールにより合致するように装入して最適な高炉操業を可能にする。 And by using the surface detection device of the present invention, the surface profile of the charge can be measured even during one rotation of the shooter, so that the optimum blast furnace operation can be performed by charging it so as to match the theoretical deposition profile. To.

本発明の表面検出装置を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the surface detection apparatus of this invention. 図１に示した表面検出装置の詳細を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the detail of the surface detection apparatus shown in FIG. 図１または図２に示した表面検出装置の反射板傾斜手段について、反射板の裏面側を示す上面図である。It is a top view which shows the back surface side of a reflecting plate about the reflecting plate inclination means of the surface detection apparatus shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 本発明の表面検出装置における第１の走査方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the 1st scanning method in the surface detection apparatus of this invention. 第１の走査方法において、反射板の回動角度を計算から求める方法について説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the method to obtain | require the rotation angle of a reflecting plate from calculation in a 1st scanning method. 本発明の表面検出装置における第２の走査方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the 2nd scanning method in the surface detection apparatus of this invention. 第２の走査方法において、導波管及び反射板の回動方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the rotation method of a waveguide and a reflecting plate in the 2nd scanning method. 本発明の表面検出装置における第３の走査方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the 3rd scanning method in the surface detection apparatus of this invention. 特許文献１に記載の表面検出装置を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the surface detection apparatus of patent document 1. 特許文献２に記載の表面検出装置を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the surface detection apparatus of patent document 2. 特許文献２に記載の表面検出装置による走査範囲を示す模式図である。10 is a schematic diagram showing a scanning range by the surface detection device described in Patent Document 2. FIG. 鉄鉱石の堆積プロフィールを説明するための図である、It is a figure for demonstrating the deposition profile of an iron ore,

以下、図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明の表面検出装置を示す図であり、図１０に従い高炉６の断面に沿って示している。また、図２は図１に示した表面検出装置の詳細を示す断面図であり、図３は反射板傾斜手段について反射板の裏面側の構成を示す上面図である。 FIG. 1 is a view showing a surface detection apparatus according to the present invention, and is shown along a cross section of a blast furnace 6 according to FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing details of the surface detection device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a top view showing a configuration of the back side of the reflector with respect to the reflector tilting means.

高炉６の炉頂には、鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂを装入するためのシュータ１０が配設されており、シュータ１０は矢印Ｒで示すように水平方向への旋回、及び矢印Ｖで示すように振り子運動を組み合わせた動きにより投下口１１から鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂを炉内の所定位置に装入する。また、装入物７（鉄鉱石７ａまたはコークス７ｂ）の堆積プロフィールを測定するための表面検出装置１００が、シュータ１０の回転を避けるために、炉頂から側壁に連続する傾斜部に設けられた開口部６ａに接続して炉外に設置される。 A shooter 10 for charging iron ore 7a and coke 7b is disposed at the top of the blast furnace 6, and the shooter 10 is turned in a horizontal direction as indicated by an arrow R and as indicated by an arrow V. Then, iron ore 7a and coke 7b are charged into a predetermined position in the furnace from the dropping port 11 by a motion combined with the pendulum motion. Moreover, in order to avoid rotation of the shooter 10, the surface detection apparatus 100 for measuring the deposition profile of the charge 7 (iron ore 7a or coke 7b) was provided in the inclined part which continued from the furnace top to the side wall. It is connected to the opening 6a and installed outside the furnace.

表面検出装置１００は、検出波の送受信手段１１０に導波管１１２を通じて連結するアンテナ１１１と、反射板１２０とが対向して配置されており、反射板１２０の反射面１２０ａが高炉６の開口部６ａを向くように下方に傾斜している。尚、検出波としては、熱や炉内の水蒸気等の影響を受けにくいマイクロ波やミリ波を用いる。 In the surface detection device 100, an antenna 111 connected to a detection wave transmission / reception means 110 through a waveguide 112 and a reflection plate 120 are arranged to face each other, and a reflection surface 120 a of the reflection plate 120 is an opening of the blast furnace 6. It inclines below so that it may face 6a. As the detection wave, a microwave or a millimeter wave that is not easily affected by heat or water vapor in the furnace is used.

導波管１１２は、図中に矢印Ｘで示すように、導波管１１２の軸線を中心に時計回りまたは反時計回りに回動自在にする。回動させるには、モータ１３０によりモータ側ギア１３１を回転させ、その回転を導波管１１２に取り付けた導波管側ギア１３２に伝達する。尚、導波管１１２には送受信手段１１０が連結しており、この送受信手段１１０も導波管１１２の回動に伴って回動するが、導波管１１２と送受信手段１１０とをカプラー１３５等により分離することにより、送受信手段１１０は固定のままで、導波管１１２のみを回動させることもできる。 As indicated by an arrow X in the figure, the waveguide 112 is rotatable clockwise or counterclockwise about the axis of the waveguide 112. In order to rotate, the motor-side gear 131 is rotated by the motor 130, and the rotation is transmitted to the waveguide-side gear 132 attached to the waveguide 112. Note that a transmission / reception unit 110 is connected to the waveguide 112, and the transmission / reception unit 110 also rotates as the waveguide 112 rotates. However, the waveguide 112 and the transmission / reception unit 110 are coupled to each other by a coupler 135 or the like. Therefore, it is possible to rotate only the waveguide 112 while the transmission / reception means 110 remains fixed.

反射板１２０の直径両端には、ピン状の支軸１２１，１２１が突出して設けられている。また、アンテナ１１１の開口周縁のフランジ１１１ａには筒状の連結部材１１５が取り付けられており、連結部材１１５から一対の支持部材１１７，１１７が導波管１１２の軸線と同一の水平位置にて反射板側に延出している。そして、支持部材１１７，１１７に反射板１２０の支軸１２１，１２１が支持される。これにより、図中に矢印Ｙで示すように、反射板１２０の反射面１２０ａが、支軸１２１，１２１を中心にしてアンテナ側または開口部側に自在に回動する。また、導波管回動手段により導波管１１２の回動と同方向（矢印Ｘ方向）に回動する。 Pin-shaped support shafts 121, 121 are provided to protrude from both ends of the diameter of the reflecting plate 120. In addition, a cylindrical connecting member 115 is attached to the flange 111 a at the periphery of the opening of the antenna 111, and the pair of support members 117 and 117 are reflected from the connecting member 115 at the same horizontal position as the axis of the waveguide 112. It extends to the plate side. The support shafts 121 and 121 of the reflection plate 120 are supported by the support members 117 and 117. As a result, as indicated by an arrow Y in the figure, the reflecting surface 120a of the reflecting plate 120 freely rotates about the support shafts 121, 121 toward the antenna side or the opening side. Further, the waveguide is rotated in the same direction (arrow X direction) as the waveguide 112 is rotated by the waveguide rotating means.

また、反射板１２０の裏面（反射板１２０ａとは反対側の面）には、反射面１２０ａの中心部、またはその上下位置に取付片１２２が設けられており、取付片１２２にはシリンダ１２５のピストンロッド１２６の先端部に連結する棒状部材１２７が連結している。そして、シリンダ１２５を駆動することにより、ピストンロッド１２６が矢印Ｆのように前進（図中右側に移動）または後退（図中左側に移動）し、ピストンロッド１２６が前進したときには棒状部材１２７と連動して取付片１２２もアンテナ側に移動し、それに伴って反射面１２０ａが高炉側を向くように反射板１２０を傾斜させる。一方、ピストンロッド１２６が後退したときには、取付片１２２を反アンテナ側に移動させ、それに伴って反射面１２０ａがアンテナ側を向くように反射板１２０を傾斜させる。このようなリンク機構を備える反射板傾斜手段により、シリンダ１２５を駆動して、反射板１２０を支軸１２１，１２１を中心にして矢印Ｙ方向に回動させる。それにより、マイクロ波またはミリ波は、Ｍで示すように図中左右方向に振られて炉内へと送られる。 Further, a mounting piece 122 is provided on the back surface of the reflecting plate 120 (the surface opposite to the reflecting plate 120a) at the center of the reflecting surface 120a or at a position above and below the reflecting plate 120a. A rod-shaped member 127 connected to the tip of the piston rod 126 is connected. Then, by driving the cylinder 125, the piston rod 126 moves forward (moves to the right in the figure) or moves backward (moves to the left in the figure) as indicated by the arrow F, and when the piston rod 126 moves forward, it interlocks with the rod-shaped member 127. Then, the attachment piece 122 also moves to the antenna side, and accordingly, the reflecting plate 120 is inclined so that the reflecting surface 120a faces the blast furnace side. On the other hand, when the piston rod 126 moves backward, the attachment piece 122 is moved to the side opposite to the antenna, and accordingly, the reflecting plate 120 is inclined so that the reflecting surface 120a faces the antenna side. The cylinder 125 is driven by the reflecting plate tilting means having such a link mechanism, and the reflecting plate 120 is rotated about the support shafts 121 and 121 in the arrow Y direction. Thereby, the microwave or the millimeter wave is shaken in the left-right direction in the figure as indicated by M and sent into the furnace.

このように、上記表面検出装置１００によれば、導波管回動手段による回動と反射板傾斜手段におけるピストンロッドの前後運動との組み合わせにより、反射板１２０の反射面１２０ａをＸ方向及びＹ方向に自在に回動させることができ、装入物７の表面を面状に走査することが可能になる。しかも、Ｘ方向への回動は導波管１１２を回動させるモータ１３０及びギア１３１，１３２で行い、Ｙ方向への回動はシリンダ１２５で行うため、特許文献２のように、反射板１２０のＸ方向及びＹ方向への傾斜の制御を同時に行う場合に比べて装置構成及び制御が簡素になる。 As described above, according to the surface detection device 100, the reflection surface 120a of the reflection plate 120 is moved in the X direction and the Y direction by the combination of the rotation by the waveguide rotation means and the back and forth movement of the piston rod in the reflection plate inclination means. It can be freely rotated in the direction, and the surface of the charge 7 can be scanned in a planar shape. Moreover, since the rotation in the X direction is performed by the motor 130 and the gears 131 and 132 that rotate the waveguide 112, and the rotation in the Y direction is performed by the cylinder 125, the reflector 120 is disclosed in Patent Document 2. Compared with the case where the tilt control in the X direction and the Y direction is simultaneously performed, the apparatus configuration and control are simplified.

しかし、図１に示されるように、表面検出装置１００の取り付け位置の関係で、マイクロ波やミリ波は装入物７に対して斜め上方から送信されるため、装入物７の表面では楕円状に走査することになる。 However, as shown in FIG. 1, because microwaves and millimeter waves are transmitted obliquely from above to the charge 7 due to the mounting position of the surface detection device 100, the surface of the charge 7 is elliptical. Will be scanned.

そこで、図４に示すように、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘを０°で固定し、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを変えて装入物７の表面を線状に走査して、装入物７と高炉６の内壁とが接する位置から、装入物７の直径ｄを測定する。反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（振り幅）を大きくすることにより走査する距離が長くなり、いずれ装入物７の外周端縁を超えて高炉６の内壁による反射波が検出され、その時に両端間の距離を装入物７の直径ｄと見做すことができる。そして、この直径ｄに相当する長さの線分Ｄ_０を走査するために要する反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_０）、並びに回動起点及び回動終点を求める。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is fixed at 0 °, the rotation angle Y of the reflection plate 120 is changed, and the surface of the charge 7 is scanned linearly, The diameter d of the charge 7 is measured from the position where the charge 7 and the inner wall of the blast furnace 6 are in contact. Increasing the rotation angle Y (swing width) of the reflector 120 increases the scanning distance, and eventually the reflected wave by the inner wall of the blast furnace 6 is detected beyond the outer peripheral edge of the charge 7, The distance between them can be regarded as the diameter d of the charge 7. Then, the rotation angle Y (θ ₀ ) of the reflection plate 120 required for scanning the line segment D ₀ having a length corresponding to the diameter d, the rotation start point, and the rotation end point are obtained.

尚、反射板１２０は図中左右方向に振られ、高炉６の軸線Ｃを中心にしてその回動角度を右側を＋側、左側を−側とすることができる。従って、回動起点は、例えば＋ａ°、回動終点は−ｂ°のように表される。 The reflecting plate 120 is swung in the left-right direction in the figure, and the rotation angle around the axis C of the blast furnace 6 can be set to the + side on the right side and the − side on the left side. Accordingly, the rotation starting point is expressed as + a °, and the rotation end point is expressed as -b °, for example.

次いで、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘをどちらかの方向に、例えば＋２°回動させ（図の例ではＤ_０の上方側を走査する）、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを変えて走査すると、走査の軌跡は、Ｄ_０に対して距離Ｓ_２だけ上方に平行移動した線状になる。その際に、装入物７が高炉６の内壁と接する両端を検出して両端間の距離を求め、その距離に相当する長さの線分Ｄ_２を走査するのに要する反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_２）、並びに回動起点と回動終点とを求める。 Next, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is rotated in either direction, for example, + 2 ° (in the example in the figure, the upper side of D ₀ is scanned), and the rotation angle Y of the reflection plate 120 is changed. When scanning is performed, the trajectory of scanning becomes a linear shape that is translated upward by a distance S _{2 with} respect to D ₀ . At that time, obtains a distance between both ends by detecting both ends of charge 7 is in contact with the inner wall of the blast furnace 6, the reflecting plate 120 times required to scan the length of the line segment D ₂ which corresponds to the distance The moving angle Y (θ ₂ ) and the rotation start point and rotation end point are obtained.

同様にして、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘを大きくして、その回動角度Ｘ_ｎごとに反射板１２０を回動させて装入物７が高炉６の内壁とする位置からその両端間の距離を求め、、その距離に相当する長さの線分Ｄ_ｎを走査するのに要する反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_ｎ）、並びに回動起点と回動終点とを求める。 Similarly, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is increased, and the reflecting plate 120 is rotated for each rotation angle _Xn , so that the charge 7 becomes the inner wall of the blast furnace 6 between the both ends thereof. , And the rotation angle Y (θ _n ) of the reflection plate 120 required for scanning the line segment D _n having a length corresponding to the distance, and the rotation start point and the rotation end point are determined.

上記から、装入物７の直径ｄに相当する長さの線分Ｄ_０を中心とし、そこからの平行移動量（Ｓ_２・・・Ｓ_ｎ）が大きくなるのに従って、線分長さが徐々に短くなる複数の線分（Ｄ_２・・・Ｄ_ｎ）が平行に配置した軌跡が得られる。この軌跡は、線分の両端同士を連結すると、丁度、装入物７の円周にほぼ沿った円形になる。 From the above, with the line segment D ₀ having a length corresponding to the diameter d of the charge 7 as the center, as the amount of parallel movement (S ₂ ... S _n ) increases, the line segment length increases. A trajectory in which a plurality of line segments (D ₂ ... D _n ) gradually shortening are arranged in parallel is obtained. When the two ends of the line segment are connected to each other, the locus becomes a circle substantially along the circumference of the charge 7.

そして、これら導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘと、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ及び回動起点と回動終点との関係を、装入物７の直径ｄごとにマップ化しておく。そして、実際の走査に際して、回動角度Ｘを０°として反射板１２０を回動させて装入物７の直径ｄを測定し、その後、測定して得られた直径ｄに相当する長さの線分に対応するテーブルを基に、回動角度Ｘを増しながら、反射板１２０を回動させる。これにより、装入物７の円周の内側部分を無駄なく走査することができる。 The relationship between the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112, the rotation angle Y of the reflection plate 120, the rotation start point, and the rotation end point is mapped for each diameter d of the charge 7. In actual scanning, the reflecting plate 120 is rotated by setting the rotation angle X to 0 ° to measure the diameter d of the charge 7, and then the length corresponding to the diameter d obtained by the measurement is obtained. Based on the table corresponding to the line segment, the reflecting plate 120 is rotated while the rotation angle X is increased. Thereby, the inner part of the circumference of the charge 7 can be scanned without waste.

尚、走査に際して、Ｄ_０に沿って図の右側から左側に走査したときには（矢印Ｆ）、Ｄ_２を走査する際に図中の左側端部から走査する（矢印Ｒ）。このように、隣接する線分ごとに走査方向を逆向きにすることにより、走査時間を短縮することができる。 Note that when scanning, when scanned from the right side of the figure along the D ₀ to the left to scan from the left end in the drawing when scanning (arrow F), D ₂ (arrow R). Thus, the scanning time can be shortened by reversing the scanning direction for each adjacent line segment.

また、上記では、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘを固定し、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを変化させたが、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを固定し、導波管１１２の方を回動させてもよい。この場合は、線分Ｄ_０、Ｄ_２・・Ｄ_ｎは、図中、Ｙ＝０°の線と平行に縦方向に並んだ状態となる。 In the above description, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is fixed and the rotation angle Y of the reflection plate 120 is changed. However, the rotation angle Y of the reflection plate 120 is fixed and the waveguide 112 May be rotated. In this case, the line segments D ₀ , D ₂ ... D _n are aligned in the vertical direction in parallel with the line of Y = 0 ° in the drawing.

上記では導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘと、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙとの関係を測定により求めているが、下記のように計算して求めることもできる。 In the above description, the relationship between the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 and the rotation angle Y of the reflecting plate 120 is obtained by measurement, but it can also be obtained by calculation as follows.

図５に高炉６の断面図を示すが、反射板１２０の中心をＡ、装入物７の外周端部と高炉６の内壁との接点をＨａ，Ｈｂとするとき、検出波のＡからＨａまでの距離ａと、ＡからＨｂまでの距離ｂと、線分Ｄ_０との間で三角形が形成される。装入物７の直径ｄは、ＨａとＨｂとを含む平面上にあるから、装入物７の直径ｄを上記のように測定して求めると、高炉６の設計仕様からＨａ，Ｈｂが決まる。反射板１２０の中心Ａは、表面検出装置１００の設置位置で決まるため、ａとｂも幾何学的に決められる。また、装入物７の直径ｄは、線分Ｄ_０の長さに相当する。従って、ａ、ｂ及び線分Ｄ_０の長さがそれぞれ既知となり、線分Ｄ_０に対する反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_０）が幾何学的に算出される。 FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the blast furnace 6, where A is the center of the reflector 120, and Ha and Hb are the contact points between the outer peripheral end of the charge 7 and the inner wall of the blast furnace 6. and the distance a to the distance b from a to Hb, triangles are formed between the line segment D _0. Since the diameter d of the charge 7 is on a plane including Ha and Hb, when the diameter d of the charge 7 is measured as described above, Ha and Hb are determined from the design specifications of the blast furnace 6. . Since the center A of the reflector 120 is determined by the installation position of the surface detection device 100, a and b are also determined geometrically. The diameter d of the charge 7 corresponds to the length of the line segment D _0. Therefore, the lengths of a, b and the line segment D ₀ are known, and the rotation angle Y (θ ₀ ) of the reflector 120 with respect to the line segment D ₀ is calculated geometrically.

また、装入物７の円周は、線分Ｄ_０の長さから決まるため、線分Ｄ_０と平行で、線分Ｄ_２に相当する同円の円周上で対向する２点が求められる。この２点が新たなＨａとＨｂに相当し、それぞれをＨａ_２、Ｈｂ_２とする。反射板１２０の中心Ａは固定であるから、ＡからＨａ_２までの距離ａ_２と、ＡからＨｂ_２までの距離ｂ_２が求められる。そして、線分Ｄ_２の長さ、ａ_２及びｂ_２から、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_２）が算出される。以下、同様にして線分Ｄ_ｎの長さ、Ｈａ_ｎ、Ｈｂ_ｎが求められ、その時々の反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙ（θ_ｎ）が算出され、マップ化しておく。 Further, the circumference of the charge 7, because determined by the length of the line segment D _0, parallel to the line segment D _0, 2 points opposing on the circumference of the same circle which corresponds to the line segment D ₂ is determined It is done. These two points correspond to new Ha and Hb, which are referred to as Ha ₂ and Hb ₂ , respectively. Since the center A of the reflecting plate 120 is fixed, and the distance _{a 2} from A to Ha _2, the distance _{b 2} from A to Hb ₂ is determined. Then, the rotation angle Y (θ ₂ ) of the reflecting plate 120 is calculated from the length of the line segment D ₂ , a ₂ and b ₂ . Hereinafter, similarly to the length of the line segment _{D _{_n,}} Ha _{_n,} Hb _n is determined, the occasional reflector plates 120 pivot angle Y (θ _n) is calculated in advance and mapped.

このように、装入物７の堆積位置（Ｈａ、Ｈｂ）を測定するだけで、装入物７の直径ｄに相当する線分Ｄ_０の長さ、並びに線分Ｄ_０から平行移動した各線分ごとに反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを算出することができる、そして、この計算結果を基にして装入物７の表面を走査する。 As described above, the length of the line segment D ₀ corresponding to the diameter d of the charge 7 and each line translated from the line segment D ₀ are obtained only by measuring the deposition position (Ha, Hb) of the charge 7. The rotation angle Y of the reflecting plate 120 can be calculated every minute, and the surface of the charge 7 is scanned based on the calculation result.

上記以外にも、装入物７の表面を、高炉６の軸線Ｃを中心として同心円状（図６）または螺旋状（図８）に走査することもできる。 In addition to the above, the surface of the charge 7 can be scanned concentrically (FIG. 6) or spirally (FIG. 8) around the axis C of the blast furnace 6.

図６において、（Ａ）は高炉６の上面から装入物７を見た図であり、表面検出装置１００の導波管１１２の軸線に沿った方向をＹ軸、このＹ軸と直交する方向をＸ軸としている。また、図６（Ｂ）はＸ軸方向から見た断面図であり、図６（Ｃ）はＹ軸方向から見た断面図である。図６（Ａ）に示すように、装入物７の高炉６の内壁と接する位置、即ち装入物７の円周に沿って１回目の走査Ｓ_１を行う。走査は、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘ＝０°の点Ｘａを起点とし、反射板１２０の最大回動角度に相当するＹｂ方向へと進んで一周する軌跡を辿る。円に沿って走査するには、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘと、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙとを同時に制御する。 6A is a view of the charge 7 seen from the upper surface of the blast furnace 6. The direction along the axis of the waveguide 112 of the surface detection device 100 is the Y axis, and the direction orthogonal to the Y axis. Is the X axis. 6B is a cross-sectional view seen from the X-axis direction, and FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view seen from the Y-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 6A, the first scan S ₁ is performed along the position of the charge 7 in contact with the inner wall of the blast furnace 6, that is, along the circumference of the charge 7. The scanning starts from a point Xa where the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is 0, and proceeds in the Yb direction corresponding to the maximum rotation angle of the reflection plate 120 and follows a trajectory. To scan along the circle, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 and the rotation angle Y of the reflector 120 are controlled simultaneously.

図７（Ａ）に示すように、ある円Ｃ_Ｆ上の点Ｆの座標（ｘ、ｙ）は、中心Ｃと点Ｆとを結ぶ直線ＫとＸ軸とがなす角度をαとするとき、ｘ＝ｋｃｏｓα、ｙ＝ｋｓｉｎαで表される。ｋは直線Ｋの長さである。即ち、導波管１１２についてはｃｏｓ波に従って回動角度Ｘを制御し、反射板１２０についてはｓｉｎ波に従って回動角度Ｙを制御することができる。 As shown in FIG. 7A, the coordinates (x, y) of the point _F on a certain circle C _F are expressed as follows: α is the angle formed by the straight line K connecting the center C and the point F and the X axis. x = k cos α, y = k sin α. k is the length of the straight line K. That is, the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 can be controlled according to the cosine wave, and the rotation angle Y of the reflector 120 can be controlled according to the sine wave.

図７（Ｂ）は、経過時間（Ｔ）による上記波形の変化状況を示す図であり、実線は導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘ、点線は反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙの経時変化を示している。即ち、導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘを示す波形Ｗ_Ｘ（実線）と、反射板１２０の回動角度Ｙを示す波形Ｗ_Ｙ（点線）とは、９０°位相がずれて重なる。 FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a change state of the waveform according to the elapsed time (T). A solid line indicates a change in the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 and a dotted line indicates a change in the rotation angle Y of the reflector 120 with time. Show. That is, the waveform W _X (solid line) indicating the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 and the waveform W _Y (dotted line) indicating the rotation angle Y of the reflecting plate 120 overlap each other with a 90 ° phase shift.

図７（Ｂ）に示す波形では、回動角度Ｘ、Ｙの変化速度が一定であるが、図６（Ｃ）に示すように、表面検出装置１００が高炉６の斜面部分に設置されているため、導波管１１２を回動させた際に、反射板１２０からＸａまでの距離と、Ｘｂまでの距離とが異なり、図７（Ｂ）に示す回動角度Ｘの変化が一定である波形Ｗ_Ｘに従って導波管１１２を回動させても、図７（Ａ）に示すような円形に走査することはできない。そこで、上記した平行配置された線分を走査する場合のように、マイクロ波やミリ波の傾斜を基に補正する必要がある。 In the waveform shown in FIG. 7B, the changing speeds of the rotation angles X and Y are constant, but as shown in FIG. 6C, the surface detection device 100 is installed on the slope portion of the blast furnace 6. Therefore, when the waveguide 112 is rotated, the distance from the reflecting plate 120 to Xa is different from the distance to Xb, and the change in the rotation angle X shown in FIG. 7B is constant. even when the waveguide 112 is rotated in accordance with W _X, it can not be scanned in a circle as shown in FIG. 7 (a). Therefore, it is necessary to correct based on the inclination of the microwave and the millimeter wave as in the case of scanning the line segments arranged in parallel.

そこで、装入物７の表面で円を描くような、回動角度Ｘの変化速度（波の傾斜）が時間（Ｔ）で異なる波形Ｗ_Ｘ´を測定から求めるか、計算から求める。 Therefore, a waveform W _X ′ in which the change speed (wave slope) of the rotation angle X differs in time (T), such as drawing a circle on the surface of the charge 7, is obtained from measurement or obtained from calculation.

また、反射板１２０については、図６（Ｂ）に示すように、回動角度Ｙは高炉６の軸線Ｃに対して対称であり、図７（Ｂ）に点線で示す波形Ｗ_Ｙをそのまま利用する。 As for the reflector 120, as shown in FIG. 6B, the rotation angle Y is symmetric with respect to the axis C of the blast furnace 6, and the waveform W _Y shown by the dotted line in FIG. 7B is used as it is. To do.

そして、走査Ｓ_１に対する、回動角度Ｘに関する補正した波形Ｗ_Ｘ´と、回動角度Ｙに関する波形とを記憶しておく。 Then, the corrected waveform W _X ′ related to the rotation angle X and the waveform related to the rotation angle Y for the scan S ₁ are stored.

１回目の走査Ｓ_１の終了後に、それより小径側にて２回目の走査Ｓ_２を行う。図７（Ａ）に示すように、αが同じで、円Ｃ_Ｆよりも小径の円Ｃ_Ｇ上の点Ｇは、直線Ｋの長さが短くなっただけであり、図７（Ｂ）において振幅ｋが小さくなった波形に相当する。そして、走査Ｓ_１と同様にして、振幅がｋよりも小さい振幅ｋ_１であり、かつ、回動角度Ｘを補正した波形Ｗ_Ｘ２´を求め、振幅ｋ_１であり、かつ、位相変化がＷ_Ｙと同じである波形Ｗ_Ｙ２を記憶する。 After the first scan S ₁ completed, the second scan S ₂ at it from the small diameter side. As shown in FIG. 7 (A), alpha is the same, the point G on the circle C _F diameter of the circle C _G than merely shortened the length of the straight line K, in FIG. 7 (B) This corresponds to a waveform with a reduced amplitude k. In the same manner as the scan S _1, the amplitude is small amplitude k ₁ than k, and obtains the waveform W _{X2 'obtained} by correcting the rotational angle X, the amplitude k _1, and the phase change is W _A waveform W _Y2 that is the same as _Y is stored.

以下、円周ごとに、回動角度Ｘについて補正した波形を求めてマップ化する。そして、この場合も、導波管１１２の回動角度を０°とし、反射板１２０を最大角度で走査して装入物７の直径ｄを求め、直径ｄに対応するテーブルを基に導波管１１２及び反射板１２０の各回動角度Ｘ、Ｙをそれぞれの波形に沿って制御することにより、同心円状に走査することができる。 Hereinafter, for each circumference, a waveform corrected for the rotation angle X is obtained and mapped. Also in this case, the rotation angle of the waveguide 112 is set to 0 °, the reflector 120 is scanned at the maximum angle to obtain the diameter d of the charge 7, and the waveguide is guided based on the table corresponding to the diameter d. By controlling the rotation angles X and Y of the tube 112 and the reflecting plate 120 along the respective waveforms, it is possible to scan concentrically.

図８は、装入物７の表面を高炉６の軸線Ｃを中心にした螺旋に沿って走査する場合を示しているが、この場合も導波管１１２及び反射板１２０を、螺旋の方程式に従って同時に回動させる。その際、マイクロ波やミリ波の傾斜を考慮して、導波管１１２の回動速度を補正する。尚、螺旋の起点は導波管１１２の回動角度Ｘが０°の位置であり、螺旋の動径が徐々に縮まるように装入物７の円周から軸線Ｃに向かって走査する。 FIG. 8 shows the case where the surface of the charge 7 is scanned along a helix centered on the axis C of the blast furnace 6. In this case as well, the waveguide 112 and the reflector 120 are moved according to the helix equation. Rotate simultaneously. At that time, the rotation speed of the waveguide 112 is corrected in consideration of the inclination of the microwave and the millimeter wave. Note that the starting point of the spiral is a position where the rotation angle X of the waveguide 112 is 0 °, and scanning is performed from the circumference of the charge 7 toward the axis C so that the radius of the spiral is gradually reduced.

そして、装入物７の反射板１２０からの高さごとに導波管１１２及び反射板１２０の回動角度Ｘ、Ｙをマップ化しておき、測定に際して装入物７の反射板１２０からの高さを測定し、直径に則した導波管１１２及び反射板１２０の回動様式にて走査を行う。 Then, the rotation angles X and Y of the waveguide 112 and the reflector 120 are mapped for each height of the charge 7 from the reflector 120, and the height of the charge 7 from the reflector 120 is measured in the measurement. The thickness is measured, and scanning is performed in a rotation manner of the waveguide 112 and the reflecting plate 120 according to the diameter.

上記した走査方法によれば、図１１（Ｂ）に示したような無駄な領域Ｂでの走査が無くなくなり、走査時間を大幅に短縮することができる。その結果、図１２に示したように、鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂの堆積状態を細かく検出することかでき、シュータ１０の旋回を理論堆積プロフィールにより合致させるように制御することができ、高炉６の操業を安定して行うことができる。 According to the scanning method described above, there is no need to scan in the useless region B as shown in FIG. 11B, and the scanning time can be greatly shortened. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12, the accumulation state of the iron ore 7a and the coke 7b can be detected in detail, and the rotation of the shooter 10 can be controlled so as to match the theoretical deposition profile. Operation can be performed stably.

また、図１１（Ａ）に示したような、走査されない領域Ａが発生することもない。 Further, the non-scanned area A as shown in FIG. 11A does not occur.

上記の表面検出装置は、種々の変更が可能である。図２に示すように、アンテナ１１１をレンズ付ホーンアンテナにしてもよい。レンズ１１３は、セラミックスやガラス、フッ素樹脂等の誘電体からなる半凸状体であり、ホーンアンテナからのマイクロ波やミリ波を収束して送信することができ、ホーンアンテナのホーン長さを短くして、装置を小型化することができる。また、図示は省略するが、アンテナ１１１として、パラボラアンテナを用いることもできる。 Various modifications can be made to the surface detection device. As shown in FIG. 2, the antenna 111 may be a horn antenna with a lens. The lens 113 is a semi-convex body made of a dielectric material such as ceramics, glass, or fluorine resin, and can converge and transmit microwaves and millimeter waves from the horn antenna, and shorten the horn length of the horn antenna. Thus, the apparatus can be reduced in size. Although illustration is omitted, a parabolic antenna can be used as the antenna 111.

また、高炉６からは、開口部６ａを通じて粉塵や高温のガスが装置内部に侵入する。そこで、図２に示すように、連結部材１１５の開口部を、検出波を透過する材料からなる通気性のフィルタ１４０で覆う。このフィルタ１４０として、例えば宇部興産（株）製の「チラノ繊維」からなる織物を用いることができる。このチラノ繊維は、シリコン、チタン、ジルコニウム、炭素及び酸素からなるセラミック繊維であり、これを面状に編んだものは、耐熱性の通気材料となる。 Further, dust and high-temperature gas enter the apparatus from the blast furnace 6 through the opening 6a. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the opening of the connecting member 115 is covered with a breathable filter 140 made of a material that transmits the detection wave. As the filter 140, for example, a woven fabric made of “Tyranno fiber” manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. can be used. The Tyranno fiber is a ceramic fiber made of silicon, titanium, zirconium, carbon, and oxygen, and the one knitted into a planar shape becomes a heat-resistant ventilation material.

更に、連結部材１１５のフィルタ１４０とアンテナ１１１との間の適所に、空気等の気体や粉塵等の固体を透過せず、検出波を透過する材料からなる耐熱性の非通気性隔壁１４５を配設し、フィルタ１４０とアンテナ１１１との間の空間を区画してもよい。この非通気性隔壁１４５は、例えばセラミックボードとすることができる。非通気性隔壁１４５により、高炉６からの熱を遮断することができる。 Further, a heat-resistant air-impermeable partition wall 145 made of a material that does not transmit a gas such as air or a solid such as dust but transmits a detection wave is disposed at an appropriate position between the filter 140 of the connecting member 115 and the antenna 111. And a space between the filter 140 and the antenna 111 may be partitioned. This non-breathable partition wall 145 may be a ceramic board, for example. The non-breathable partition wall 145 can block heat from the blast furnace 6.

そして、反射板１２０、フィルタ１４０、非通気性隔壁１４５及びアンテナ１１１を耐圧容器１５０に収容するとともに、ガス供給口１５１を通じて耐圧容器１５０に高圧の不活性ガス（例えば窒素ガス）を供給する。連結部材１１５には、フィルタ側に傾斜している通気孔１１６が複数形成されており、ガス供給口１５１は、この連結部材１１５の直上付近に設けられる。導波管１１２を回動させると、それに伴って連結部材１１５も回動し、通気孔１１６がガス供給口１５１に到達すると、ガス供給口１５１からの不活性ガスが通気孔１１６を通じてフィルタ１４０に向かって噴出され、フィルタ１４０に付着した炉内からの粉塵を払い落とすことができる。また、不活性ガスは、フィルタ１４０を透過して反射板１２０の反射面１２０ａにも到達するため、反射面１２０ａに付着した粉塵も払い落とすことができる。 The reflector 120, the filter 140, the air-impermeable partition wall 145, and the antenna 111 are housed in the pressure resistant container 150, and a high-pressure inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas) is supplied to the pressure resistant container 150 through the gas supply port 151. The connecting member 115 is formed with a plurality of air holes 116 that are inclined toward the filter, and the gas supply port 151 is provided in the vicinity immediately above the connecting member 115. When the waveguide 112 is rotated, the connecting member 115 is also rotated accordingly, and when the vent hole 116 reaches the gas supply port 151, the inert gas from the gas supply port 151 enters the filter 140 through the vent hole 116. The dust from the inside of the furnace ejected toward the filter and attached to the filter 140 can be removed. Further, since the inert gas passes through the filter 140 and reaches the reflecting surface 120a of the reflecting plate 120, dust attached to the reflecting surface 120a can be removed.

一方、連結部材１１５の通気孔１１６がガス供給口１５１の付近に無い場合は、がス供給口１５１からの不活性ガスは耐圧容器１５０と連結部材１１５との隙間に供給されるため、この隙間への粉塵の侵入を防いだり、この隙間に侵入した粉塵を除去することができる。 On the other hand, when the vent hole 116 of the connecting member 115 is not in the vicinity of the gas supply port 151, the inert gas from the gas supply port 151 is supplied to the gap between the pressure-resistant vessel 150 and the connecting member 115. It is possible to prevent the dust from entering the dust or to remove the dust that has entered the gap.

このように、連結部材１１５の回動に伴って、通気孔１１６がガス供給口１５１に到達したり、ガス供給口１５１から離間することを繰り返すことにより、不活性ガスの流れも変わり、連結部材１１５も振動し、その振動がフィルタ１４０にも伝わる。そして、この振動によってもフィルタ１４０に付着している粉塵が払い落とされる。更には、反射板１２０が正逆方向に回動するたびに、モータ側ギア１３１及び導波管側ギア１３２が反対方向に切り替えられるため、そのときの振動が導波管１１２を通じてアンテナ１１１、連結部材１１５、更にはフィルタ１４０へと伝わり、フィルタ１４０に付着している粉塵が振動により振い落とされる。 As described above, as the connecting member 115 rotates, the flow of the inert gas is also changed by repeatedly reaching the gas supply port 151 or being separated from the gas supply port 151, thereby changing the flow of the inert gas. 115 also vibrates, and the vibration is also transmitted to the filter 140. The dust adhering to the filter 140 is also removed by this vibration. Furthermore, each time the reflector 120 rotates in the forward and reverse directions, the motor side gear 131 and the waveguide side gear 132 are switched in opposite directions, so that the vibration at that time is connected to the antenna 111 through the waveguide 112. The dust that is transmitted to the member 115 and further to the filter 140 and adheres to the filter 140 is shaken off by vibration.

上記のように非通気性隔壁１４５により高炉６からの熱を遮断しているが、断熱をより確実にするために、アンテナ１１１と導波管１１２との連結部、あるいは導波管１１２の送受信手段１１０により近い位置に、フッ素樹脂やセラミックス等の検出波を透過する材料からなる栓部材１６０を挿入してもよい。 As described above, the heat from the blast furnace 6 is cut off by the non-breathable partition wall 145. However, in order to further insulate the heat, the connecting portion between the antenna 111 and the waveguide 112 or the transmission / reception of the waveguide 112 is performed. You may insert the plug member 160 which consists of material which permeate | transmits a detection wave, such as a fluororesin and ceramics, in the position nearer to the means 110.

また、開口部６ａが広く、ピストンロッド１２６や棒状部材１２７が露出しているため、炉内から吹き上がった鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂがこれらに直接衝突する。そこで、反射板１２０の裏面全体を追うような金属製のカバー１７０を付設し、測定しない間はアンテナ１１１や反射板１２０とともに１８０°回転させてカバー１７０を開口部側に移動してピストンロッド１２６や棒状部材１２７、反射板１２０を炉内からの鉄鉱石７ａやコークス７ｂの衝突からの防御や、粉塵の侵入を防ぐこともできる。 Further, since the opening 6a is wide and the piston rod 126 and the rod-shaped member 127 are exposed, the iron ore 7a and coke 7b blown up from the furnace directly collide with them. Therefore, a metal cover 170 that follows the entire back surface of the reflecting plate 120 is attached, and while not being measured, the cover 170 is rotated 180 ° together with the antenna 111 and the reflecting plate 120 to move the cover 170 to the opening side, and the piston rod 126. It is also possible to prevent the rod-shaped member 127 and the reflector 120 from colliding with the iron ore 7a and coke 7b from the inside of the furnace, and to prevent dust from entering.

その他にも、図示は省略するが、耐圧容器１５０の反射板１２０及びフィルタ１４０の直上部分を開口して窓を設け、非測定時に、導波管１１２及び反射板１２０を１８０°回動させて反射面１２０ａ及びフィルタ１４０を窓に対面させることにより、反射面１２０ａ及びフィルタ１４０の粉塵付着状況を観察することができる。上記のように、反射面１２０ａやフィルタ１４０は不活性ガスや振動により付着した粉塵を除去することができるが、除去が不十分なことがあり、窓を通じて粉塵の付着状況を観察し、粉塵の除去が必要な場合は窓を開放して清掃作業を行うことができる。 In addition, although illustration is omitted, a window is provided by opening a portion directly above the reflection plate 120 and the filter 140 of the pressure vessel 150, and when not measuring, the waveguide 112 and the reflection plate 120 are rotated 180 °. By making the reflective surface 120a and the filter 140 face the window, it is possible to observe the dust adhesion state of the reflective surface 120a and the filter 140. As described above, the reflective surface 120a and the filter 140 can remove dust adhering to inert gas or vibration, but the removal may be insufficient, and the dust adhesion state is observed through the window. If removal is necessary, the window can be opened for cleaning.

このように、非測定時に導波管１１２及び反射板１２０を１８０°回動させることにより、反射板１２０の裏面（反射面１２０ａとは反対側の面）が高炉６の開口部６ａと対向するため、高炉６から吹き上げられた鉄鉱石やコークスが開口部６ａを通じて装置内に飛来してきても、反射板１２０の裏面に当り、フィルタ１４０を破壊することもない。 In this way, by rotating the waveguide 112 and the reflection plate 120 by 180 ° during non-measurement, the back surface of the reflection plate 120 (surface opposite to the reflection surface 120a) faces the opening 6a of the blast furnace 6. Therefore, even if iron ore or coke blown up from the blast furnace 6 comes into the apparatus through the opening 6a, it does not hit the back surface of the reflector 120 and destroy the filter 140.

また、高炉６の開口部６ａと表面検出装置１００との間、例えば、耐圧容器１５０の連結部１５２に仕切弁を設け、測定時には開状態とし、非測定時には閉状態とするともできる。 In addition, a gate valve may be provided between the opening 6a of the blast furnace 6 and the surface detection device 100, for example, at the connecting portion 152 of the pressure vessel 150, and may be opened during measurement and closed during non-measurement.

６高炉
７装入物
７ａ鉄鉱石
７ｂコークス
１０シュータ
１００表面検出装置
１１０送受信手段
１１１アンテナ
１１２導波管
１１５連結部材
１１７支持部材
１２０反射板
１２１支軸
１２２取付片
１２５シリンダ
１２６ピストンロッド
１２７棒状部材
１３０モータ
１３１モータ側ギア
１３２導波管側ギア
１４０フィルタ
１４５非通気性隔壁
１５０耐圧容器
１５２連結部 6 Blast Furnace 7 Charge 7a Iron Ore 7b Coke 10 Shuter 100 Surface Detection Device 110 Transmitting / Receiving Means 111 Antenna 112 Waveguide 115 Connection Member 117 Support Member 120 Reflector Plate 121 Supporting Shaft 122 Mounting Piece 125 Cylinder 126 Piston Rod 127 Rod-shaped Member 130 Motor 131 Motor side gear 132 Waveguide side gear 140 Filter 145 Non-air-permeable partition wall 150 Pressure-resistant container 152 Connecting part

Claims

The detection wave from the transmission / reception means is transmitted into the furnace through the opening provided in the blast furnace, and the detection wave reflected by the surface of the charge in the furnace is transmitted to the transmission / reception means through the opening and received by the transmission / reception means. In the charge surface detection device for detecting the charge surface profile,
A waveguide having one end connected to the transmitting / receiving means and an antenna attached to the other end;
A waveguide rotating means for rotating the waveguide at a predetermined angle about the axis of the waveguide;
A reflector disposed directly above the opening of the blast furnace and facing the antenna;
A reflector tilting means,
The waveguide rotating means and the reflecting plate tilting means are interlocked to rotate the reflecting plate as the waveguide rotates, and the reflecting surface is tilted to the antenna side or the non-antenna side at a predetermined angle.
An apparatus for detecting a surface of a charge, wherein the surface of the charge is scanned concentrically or spirally about the axis of the blast furnace.

The detection wave from the transmission / reception means is transmitted into the furnace through the opening provided in the blast furnace, and the detection wave reflected by the surface of the charge in the furnace is transmitted to the transmission / reception means through the opening and received by the transmission / reception means. In the charge surface detection device for detecting the charge surface profile,
A waveguide having one end connected to the transmitting / receiving means and an antenna attached to the other end;
A waveguide rotating means for rotating the waveguide at a predetermined angle about the axis of the waveguide;
A reflector disposed directly above the opening of the blast furnace and facing the antenna;
A connecting member that connects the antenna and the support shaft protruding from both ends of the diameter of the reflector;
A reflector tilting means,
The waveguide rotating means and the reflecting plate tilting means are interlocked to rotate the reflecting plate as the waveguide rotates, and the reflecting surface is tilted to the antenna side or the non-antenna side at a predetermined angle.
When the surface of the charge is centered on the longest line segment corresponding to the diameter of the charge, the line segments that gradually become shorter as the distance from the longest line segment is parallel, and both ends of each line segment are connected A surface detection device for a charged object, characterized by scanning along a trajectory arranged so as to draw a substantially circular shape.

A method of charging and depositing iron ore, coke and other charges into a blast furnace with a shuta,
While comprising the surface detection device according to claim 1 or 2,
The transmission / reception operation of scanning the surface of the charged object with the detection wave is completed within one or a predetermined number of turns of the shooter,
A method for charging and depositing a charge in a blast furnace, wherein the charge is charged by measuring a surface profile of the charge during turning of the shuter or at every predetermined turn.

Determining the charge deposit profile based on the surface profile, comparing it to the previously determined theoretical deposit profile, and charging the new charge by controlling the shooter to correct the error from the theoretical deposit profile. The method for charging and depositing a charge into a blast furnace according to claim 3.

A method for operating a blast furnace, comprising charging a charge into a blast furnace by the method according to claim 3 or 4 and depositing the charge to operate the blast furnace.